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WO1990012172A1 - Decorative panels - Google Patents

Decorative panels Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990012172A1
WO1990012172A1 PCT/GB1990/000514 GB9000514W WO9012172A1 WO 1990012172 A1 WO1990012172 A1 WO 1990012172A1 GB 9000514 W GB9000514 W GB 9000514W WO 9012172 A1 WO9012172 A1 WO 9012172A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cementitious material
load bearing
bearing member
scagliola
marezzo
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1990/000514
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Anthony Paley-Smith
Stephen Barnes
Ivan Lister
Original Assignee
Stone Heroes Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stone Heroes Ltd filed Critical Stone Heroes Ltd
Publication of WO1990012172A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990012172A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/28—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups combinations of materials fully covered by groups E04C2/04 and E04C2/08

Definitions

  • This invention relates to decorative panels, particularly but not exclusively containing cementitious material, for example scagliola, Marezzo, terrazzo, plaster or hydraulic cement.
  • Scagliola and Marezzo are decorative forms of plaster and cement, usually coloured which are used to imitate marble or like decorative minerals. Scagliola and like materials have been used from antiquity, for example by the Egyptians for decoration of tombs and for lining aqueducts, on account of the hard smooth surface which can be attained.
  • Scagliola is artificial marble made from cementitious material with mineral colouring, the surface being polished or otherwise worked as desired.
  • Marezzo is artificial marble which is usually made in the reverse way to scagliola, as the face or marble is put in the mould first and the core is applied afterwards.
  • Slabs of scagliola are usually cast on site using a bench mould. Transportation of the slabs is difficult on account of their great weight and liability to fracture.
  • Marezzo and scagliola are known.
  • a method of manufacture of a decorative panel comprises the steps of: applying a layer of uncured cementitious material in combination with a bonding agent to a hollow laminar load bearing member, and allowing the cementitious material and bonding agent to cure to form a decorative panel.
  • the bonding agent may comprise an adhesive which is used to bond the cementitious material to the load bearing member.
  • the bonding agent may be dispersed within the cementitious material.
  • the load bearing member may be composed partially or entirely of metal.
  • a metallic member When a metallic member is employed, use of an adhesive is preferred to provide a durable product.
  • a non-metallic member for example foamed plastics materials such as foamed polystyrene, polyurethane or other rigid or semi rigid polymers are employed, toughness may be imparted to the product without significant increase in weigt.
  • Hollow laminar cellulosic structures consisting for example of hardboard , particle board, plywood and the like, may also be used. Use of a hollow laminar member affords a lightweight decorative panel which is rigid and sufficiently strong to facilitate transportation. Toughness is also enhanced by use of a polymeric member particularly when using high strength cements.
  • Such panels may be manufactured in a workshop and transported to a site for installation, resulting in economy of the craftsman's time and avoiding the need to provide a Glean workspace where the wet process may be carried out on-site.
  • Formation of pillars, columns or other non-flat laminar structures is facilitated by use of cylindrical or otherwise appropriately shaped load bearing members.
  • hollow metal sheets with a honeycomb or corrugated configuration may be formed into a cylindrical structure and the cementitious material applied to the exterior of it, for example in a vertical orientation.
  • a reinforcing panel reduces the amount of cementitious material necessary, affording a reduction in costs particularly when using scagliola or Marezzo, and reducing the need for strengthened fixtures, for example for securing the scagliola or other material to a wall.
  • a further advantage in reduction of the thickness of the scagliola or other material is that the liability to crack during curing is reduced.
  • the temperature of the surface contacting the metal is kept uniform by conduction through the metal and may be controlled to accelerate or retard curing.
  • scagliola compositions largely acquire the performance properties of the reinforcing member to which they are applied and the characteris ics of the product may be selected by choice of an appropriate material. For example tables can be made by using Aerolam.
  • the load bearing member is preferably any lightweight rigid structural metallic material, for example a cellular aluminium material such as AEROLAM (Ciba-Geigy) or corragated aluminium type such as METAWELL (Cookson). Fixing brackets or other fixtures may be attached to the rear surface of the metal member before application of the scagl iola.
  • Any convenient water-compatible adhesive may be employed .
  • the uncured scagliola, Marezzo or other material may be applied to the adhesive bearing surface of the laminar member and the upper decorative surface subsequently formed in conventional manner.
  • Alternative load bearing members include hollow cellulosic structures, composed for example from hardboard, paper, plywood or particle board.
  • the hollow double skinned product sold under the trade mark DUFAYLITE may be employed.
  • the bonding agent comprises a water soluble or water dispersible organic polymer or copolymer mixed with the cementitious material prior to application to the load bearing member.
  • a water soluble or water dispersible organic polymer or copolymer mixed with the cementitious material prior to application to the load bearing member.
  • Use of such a polymer may avoid the need for use of an adhesive between the cementitious material and load bearing member, the porosity of the surface of the cellulosic material being sufficient to bond securely to the scagl iola.
  • the uncured cementitious material is applied face downwardly to a polished surface, such as a sheet of glass, the adhesive bearing metal member being laid upon it.
  • the cured panel is removed from the glass revealing polished or partially polished panel.
  • the polished surface comprises a layer of smooth polymeric material.
  • the polymeric material may be polyethylene, for example BEXTRENE (Storey Bros) . high density polyethylene or polypropylene flexible sheeting. Use of BEXTRENE sheeting has been found to provide a superior smooth scagliola or Marezzo surface to conventional glass panels.
  • the sheeting may be mounted on a supporting surface as convenient. Sheeting having self tack properties may be used for making three-dimensional panels or other articles.
  • the scagliola, Marezzo or other cementitious material used in accordance with the invention may be applied as a single layer or may be built up from several layers, optionally with reinforcement.
  • the cementitious material may comprise cement, preferably high alumina cement, calcium aluminate cement (Lafarge) , Portland cement or Snowcrete.
  • the cementitious material may incorporate one or more water soluble or water dispersible organic polymers or copolymers.
  • organic polymers or copolymers may be employed, including the composition disclosed in European patent application 0055035.
  • Alternative polymer containing cement compositions are disclosed in GB 2201411. The latter specification discloses compositions wherein the organic polymer is treated with an isocyanate to render it waterproof.
  • Preferred polymers include P0LYVI0L 25.240 (Vacker Chemie) G0HSEN0L KH-17-S and GL-05-S (Nippon Gohsei ) .
  • a decorative panel comprises a layer of cementitious material secured by a water-compatible adhesive to a hollow laminar load bearing member.
  • the panel is preferably manufactured in accordance with the first aspect of this invention and may incorporate any of the features thereof.
  • Figure 1 shows adhesive applied to a metal reinforcing member
  • Figure 2 shows the reinforcing member being contacted to uncured plaster
  • FIG. 3 shows curing of the plaster
  • Figure 4 shows a Marezzo panel in accordance with this invention .
  • Figure 1 illustrates a hollow structural panel 1 constituted by upper and lower skins 2, 3 secured together by a network of closed cells 4. A layer of waterproof adhesive 5 is applied to one surface of the panel 1.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a slab of uncured Marezzo 6 formed in conventional manner upon a sheet of BEXTRENE polyethylene sheeting 7, disposed upon a worksurface 8.
  • the BEXTRENE sheeting has a smooth surface which is non- adherent to dried plaster.
  • the Marezzo may be applied to the sheeting in one or more layers and may incorporate fibrous or other reinforcing material as desired. While the Marezzo is still wet, the metal member 1 is laid adhesive surface downwardly, upon it and the assembled structure is allowed to cure. The metal member ensures that the temperature of the cementitious material is uniform. Heating or cooling may be applied, dependent on conditions to optimise curing of adhesive and Marezzo. In a cold environment the external surface of a metal member 1 may be heated to accelerate curing of the adhesive.
  • the Marezzo bonded to the metal member 1 is removed from the worksurface 8 and the polyethylene sheet 7 is peeled from it to reveal a decorative surface 9 of the finished panel.
  • the surface 9 may be polished if desired, for example with linseed oil, salad oil, silicones, acrylic polishes or other materials.
  • Suitable substrates include DUFAYLITE. AEROLAM M BOARD. AEROLAM F BOARD and METAWELL panelling.
  • Suitable adhesives include polyvinylepoxyalcohol or polyurethane adhesives, ASTROLOK (Apollo Chemicals AX7025) ARALDITE LY1927GB/HY1927GB or other water-compatible or water resistant adhesives.
  • scagliola, Marezzo or cementitious composition may be employed. These compositions may incorporate lime plaster or lime cement since these afford a slow curing material which is easy to fabricate but which becomes extremely hard when set. Alternatively scagliola may be applied upon a sheet of AEROLAM or other substrate coated with a water resistant adhesive.
  • Panels in accordance with this invention may be provided with cementitious material on two sides or may have an exterior completely covered with the material. Such panels may find application as screens or other freestanding structures.
  • a typical composition for manufacture of Marezzo or scaliola comprises:
  • the Scotch glue is mixed with hot water (2 litres) until di ⁇ oved and the remaining cold water added.
  • the plaster (7kg) was added to the glue water (10 litres) and left to soak for 5 minutes.
  • the composition was kneaded upon a table and divided into, for example four, lumps. Each lump was further divided and mixed with alkali resistant inorganic pigments as desired. The remainder of the plaster is added to the mixture to cause it to dry.
  • the composition may be poured into a mould or may be applied as lumps of pliable material. The lumps are then combined by kneading and folding in conventional manner to produce the desired decorative appearance within a mold.
  • the mold may be formed from any convenient material which has been treated with a sealant and release agent. Reinforcement of fibrous materials may be added as desired. For example alkaline resistant glass fibrous strands, jute, horsehair or the like may be employed.
  • the laminate reinforcing member may be applied to the cementitious material while the latter is still wet.
  • cured slabs of these cementitious materials may be soaked with water and the laminate material applied to them subsequently providing an uncured cementitious coating is placed between the cured slab and the laminate material .
  • a composition was prepared from:
  • SECAR 71 Calcium aluminate cement, Lafarge 10kg G0HSEN0L KH-17-S (polyvinyl alcohol) 0.7kg
  • the uncured composition was combined with pigments formed into a scagliola sheet on a layer of DUFAYLITE board and allowed to cure.
  • the resultant product was hard and tough.
  • the scagliola and laminar member were securely bound together and the whole structure was flexible, resilient and could be provided as larger and lighter sheets than is possible with unreinforced scagliola.
  • a composition was prepared from:
  • the uncured composition was combined with pigments, formed into scagliola and applied to a layer of DUFAYLITE board.
  • the resultant product was flexible and resilient.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

A method of manufacture of a decorative panel comprises the steps of applying a water compatible adhesive (5) to a hollow laminar load bearing member (1), contacting the coating with a layer of uncured Scagliola or Marezzo (6) and allowing the cementitious and adhesive to cure to form a decorative panel.

Description

DECORATIVE PANELS
This invention relates to decorative panels, particularly but not exclusively containing cementitious material, for example scagliola, Marezzo, terrazzo, plaster or hydraulic cement. Scagliola and Marezzo are decorative forms of plaster and cement, usually coloured which are used to imitate marble or like decorative minerals. Scagliola and like materials have been used from antiquity, for example by the Egyptians for decoration of tombs and for lining aqueducts, on account of the hard smooth surface which can be attained. Scagliola is artificial marble made from cementitious material with mineral colouring, the surface being polished or otherwise worked as desired. Marezzo is artificial marble which is usually made in the reverse way to scagliola, as the face or marble is put in the mould first and the core is applied afterwards.
Slabs of scagliola are usually cast on site using a bench mould. Transportation of the slabs is difficult on account of their great weight and liability to fracture.
Many compositions and methods of formation of Marezzo and scagliola are known.
According to a first aspect of the present invention a method of manufacture of a decorative panel comprises the steps of: applying a layer of uncured cementitious material in combination with a bonding agent to a hollow laminar load bearing member, and allowing the cementitious material and bonding agent to cure to form a decorative panel.
The bonding agent may comprise an adhesive which is used to bond the cementitious material to the load bearing member. Alternatively the bonding agent may be dispersed within the cementitious material.
The load bearing member may be composed partially or entirely of metal. When a metallic member is employed, use of an adhesive is preferred to provide a durable product. When a non-metallic member is employed, for example foamed plastics materials such as foamed polystyrene, polyurethane or other rigid or semi rigid polymers are employed, toughness may be imparted to the product without significant increase in weigt. Hollow laminar cellulosic structures consisting for example of hardboard , particle board, plywood and the like, may also be used. Use of a hollow laminar member affords a lightweight decorative panel which is rigid and sufficiently strong to facilitate transportation. Toughness is also enhanced by use of a polymeric member particularly when using high strength cements. Such panels may be manufactured in a workshop and transported to a site for installation, resulting in economy of the craftsman's time and avoiding the need to provide a Glean workspace where the wet process may be carried out on-site. Formation of pillars, columns or other non-flat laminar structures is facilitated by use of cylindrical or otherwise appropriately shaped load bearing members. For example , hollow metal sheets with a honeycomb or corrugated configuration may be formed into a cylindrical structure and the cementitious material applied to the exterior of it, for example in a vertical orientation.
Use of a reinforcing panel reduces the amount of cementitious material necessary, affording a reduction in costs particularly when using scagliola or Marezzo, and reducing the need for strengthened fixtures, for example for securing the scagliola or other material to a wall.
A further advantage in reduction of the thickness of the scagliola or other material is that the liability to crack during curing is reduced. In addition, the temperature of the surface contacting the metal is kept uniform by conduction through the metal and may be controlled to accelerate or retard curing. Ve have found that scagliola compositions largely acquire the performance properties of the reinforcing member to which they are applied and the characteris ics of the product may be selected by choice of an appropriate material. For example tables can be made by using Aerolam.
The load bearing member is preferably any lightweight rigid structural metallic material, for example a cellular aluminium material such as AEROLAM (Ciba-Geigy) or corragated aluminium type such as METAWELL (Cookson). Fixing brackets or other fixtures may be attached to the rear surface of the metal member before application of the scagl iola.
Any convenient water-compatible adhesive may be employed .
The uncured scagliola, Marezzo or other material may be applied to the adhesive bearing surface of the laminar member and the upper decorative surface subsequently formed in conventional manner.
Alternative load bearing members include hollow cellulosic structures, composed for example from hardboard, paper, plywood or particle board. The hollow double skinned product sold under the trade mark DUFAYLITE may be employed.
In a preferred aspect of the invention the bonding agent comprises a water soluble or water dispersible organic polymer or copolymer mixed with the cementitious material prior to application to the load bearing member. Use of such a polymer may avoid the need for use of an adhesive between the cementitious material and load bearing member, the porosity of the surface of the cellulosic material being sufficient to bond securely to the scagl iola.
In a preferred method the uncured cementitious material is applied face downwardly to a polished surface, such as a sheet of glass, the adhesive bearing metal member being laid upon it. The cured panel is removed from the glass revealing polished or partially polished panel.
In a particularly preferred method, the polished surface comprises a layer of smooth polymeric material.
The polymeric material may be polyethylene, for example BEXTRENE (Storey Bros) . high density polyethylene or polypropylene flexible sheeting. Use of BEXTRENE sheeting has been found to provide a superior smooth scagliola or Marezzo surface to conventional glass panels. The sheeting may be mounted on a supporting surface as convenient. Sheeting having self tack properties may be used for making three-dimensional panels or other articles.
The scagliola, Marezzo or other cementitious material used in accordance with the invention may be applied as a single layer or may be built up from several layers, optionally with reinforcement. The cementitious material may comprise cement, preferably high alumina cement, calcium aluminate cement (Lafarge) , Portland cement or Snowcrete.
The cementitious material may incorporate one or more water soluble or water dispersible organic polymers or copolymers. For example polyvinyl alcohols hydrolysed vinyl acetate polymers or copolymers may be employed, including the composition disclosed in European patent application 0055035. Alternative polymer containing cement compositions are disclosed in GB 2201411. The latter specification discloses compositions wherein the organic polymer is treated with an isocyanate to render it waterproof. Preferred polymers include P0LYVI0L 25.240 (Vacker Chemie) G0HSEN0L KH-17-S and GL-05-S (Nippon Gohsei ) .
According to a second aspect of the present invention a decorative panel comprises a layer of cementitious material secured by a water-compatible adhesive to a hollow laminar load bearing member.
The panel is preferably manufactured in accordance with the first aspect of this invention and may incorporate any of the features thereof.
The invention is further described by means of example but not in any limitative sense, with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:
Figure 1 shows adhesive applied to a metal reinforcing member ,
Figure 2 shows the reinforcing member being contacted to uncured plaster,
Figure 3 shows curing of the plaster and
Figure 4 shows a Marezzo panel in accordance with this invention .
The drawings show successive stages of manufacture of a decorative panel in accordance with this invention. Like reference numerals have been used to denote similar parts in each drawing.
Figure 1 illustrates a hollow structural panel 1 constituted by upper and lower skins 2, 3 secured together by a network of closed cells 4. A layer of waterproof adhesive 5 is applied to one surface of the panel 1.
Figure 2 illustrates a slab of uncured Marezzo 6 formed in conventional manner upon a sheet of BEXTRENE polyethylene sheeting 7, disposed upon a worksurface 8. The BEXTRENE sheeting has a smooth surface which is non- adherent to dried plaster. The Marezzo may be applied to the sheeting in one or more layers and may incorporate fibrous or other reinforcing material as desired. While the Marezzo is still wet, the metal member 1 is laid adhesive surface downwardly, upon it and the assembled structure is allowed to cure. The metal member ensures that the temperature of the cementitious material is uniform. Heating or cooling may be applied, dependent on conditions to optimise curing of adhesive and Marezzo. In a cold environment the external surface of a metal member 1 may be heated to accelerate curing of the adhesive. When the structure is fully cured the Marezzo bonded to the metal member 1 is removed from the worksurface 8 and the polyethylene sheet 7 is peeled from it to reveal a decorative surface 9 of the finished panel. The surface 9 may be polished if desired, for example with linseed oil, salad oil, silicones, acrylic polishes or other materials.
Suitable substrates include DUFAYLITE. AEROLAM M BOARD. AEROLAM F BOARD and METAWELL panelling. Suitable adhesives include polyvinylepoxyalcohol or polyurethane adhesives, ASTROLOK (Apollo Chemicals AX7025) ARALDITE LY1927GB/HY1927GB or other water-compatible or water resistant adhesives.
Any scagliola, Marezzo or cementitious composition may be employed. These compositions may incorporate lime plaster or lime cement since these afford a slow curing material which is easy to fabricate but which becomes extremely hard when set. Alternatively scagliola may be applied upon a sheet of AEROLAM or other substrate coated with a water resistant adhesive.
Panels in accordance with this invention may be provided with cementitious material on two sides or may have an exterior completely covered with the material. Such panels may find application as screens or other freestanding structures.
Example 1
A typical composition for manufacture of Marezzo or scaliola comprises:
Crystacal EA Plaster 10kg cold, clean water 2.5 litre best Scotch glue (House of Harbru) 220g
The Scotch glue is mixed with hot water (2 litres) until diεoved and the remaining cold water added. The plaster (7kg) was added to the glue water (10 litres) and left to soak for 5 minutes. The composition was kneaded upon a table and divided into, for example four, lumps. Each lump was further divided and mixed with alkali resistant inorganic pigments as desired. The remainder of the plaster is added to the mixture to cause it to dry. Dependent on the desired appearance of the finished product, the composition may be poured into a mould or may be applied as lumps of pliable material. The lumps are then combined by kneading and folding in conventional manner to produce the desired decorative appearance within a mold. The mold may be formed from any convenient material which has been treated with a sealant and release agent. Reinforcement of fibrous materials may be added as desired. For example alkaline resistant glass fibrous strands, jute, horsehair or the like may be employed.
The laminate reinforcing member may be applied to the cementitious material while the latter is still wet. Alternatively cured slabs of these cementitious materials may be soaked with water and the laminate material applied to them subsequently providing an uncured cementitious coating is placed between the cured slab and the laminate material .
Example 2
A composition was prepared from:
SECAR 71 (Calcium aluminate cement, Lafarge 10kg G0HSEN0L KH-17-S (polyvinyl alcohol) 0.7kg
Water 1.5 1 itre
The uncured composition was combined with pigments formed into a scagliola sheet on a layer of DUFAYLITE board and allowed to cure. The resultant product was hard and tough. The scagliola and laminar member were securely bound together and the whole structure was flexible, resilient and could be provided as larger and lighter sheets than is possible with unreinforced scagliola. Example 3
A composition was prepared from:
SECAR 71 10kg
G0HSEN0L GL-05-S (polyvinyl alcohol) 0.7kg Water 2.4 litre
The uncured composition was combined with pigments, formed into scagliola and applied to a layer of DUFAYLITE board. The resultant product was flexible and resilient.

Claims

1. A method of manufacture of a decorative article comprising the steps of: applying a layer of uncured cementitious material in combination with a bonding agent to a hollow laminar load bearing member, and allowing the cementitious material and bonding agent to cure to form a decorative panel.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising the steps of: applying a coat of water compatible adhesive to a hollow laminar load bearing member, contacting the coating with a layer of uncured cementitious material, and allowing the cementitious material and adhesive to cure to form a decorative panel.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the uncured cementitious material is mixed with a water soluble or water dispersible organic polymer or copolymer.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the polymer or copolymer is a polyvinyl alcohol.
5. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the load bearing member is composed partially or entirely of metal .
6. A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein the load bearing member comprises a hollow metal laminar member.
7. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the cementitious material is scagliola or Marezzo.
8. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the uncured cementitious material is applied face downwardly to a polished surface, and a hollow laminar load bearing member is engaged with the cementitious material.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein the polished surface comprises a layer of smooth polymeric material .
10. A decorative panel comprising a layer of cementitious material secured by a water compatible adhesive to a hollow metal laminar load bearing member.
11. A panel as claimed in claim 10 wherein the cementitious material is scagliola or Marezzo.
PCT/GB1990/000514 1989-04-05 1990-04-05 Decorative panels WO1990012172A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB898907710A GB8907710D0 (en) 1989-04-05 1989-04-05 Decorative panels
GB8907710.1 1989-04-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990012172A1 true WO1990012172A1 (en) 1990-10-18

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ID=10654528

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1990/000514 WO1990012172A1 (en) 1989-04-05 1990-04-05 Decorative panels

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5418790A (en)
GB (1) GB8907710D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1990012172A1 (en)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3386221A (en) * 1967-09-08 1968-06-04 Revere Copper & Brass Inc Lightweight panel
GB1292450A (en) * 1968-05-08 1972-10-11 Technion Res & Dev Foundation Structural building units
GB2201411A (en) * 1987-02-20 1988-09-01 Ube Industries High strength cured cement article

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3386221A (en) * 1967-09-08 1968-06-04 Revere Copper & Brass Inc Lightweight panel
GB1292450A (en) * 1968-05-08 1972-10-11 Technion Res & Dev Foundation Structural building units
GB2201411A (en) * 1987-02-20 1988-09-01 Ube Industries High strength cured cement article

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5418790A (en) 1990-11-05
GB8907710D0 (en) 1989-05-17

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