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WO1990005960A1 - Repondeur programmable - Google Patents

Repondeur programmable Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1990005960A1
WO1990005960A1 PCT/GB1989/001391 GB8901391W WO9005960A1 WO 1990005960 A1 WO1990005960 A1 WO 1990005960A1 GB 8901391 W GB8901391 W GB 8901391W WO 9005960 A1 WO9005960 A1 WO 9005960A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transponder
data
program
interrogation unit
routine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1989/001391
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Harold Dodd
Brian John Stanier
Original Assignee
Cryptag Limited
Demic (Scientific) Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cryptag Limited, Demic (Scientific) Limited filed Critical Cryptag Limited
Publication of WO1990005960A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990005960A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
    • G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
    • G06K1/12—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
    • G06K1/128—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching by electric registration, e.g. electrolytic, spark erosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G06K7/10326—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers the antenna being of the very-near field type, e.g. capacitive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/355—Personalisation of cards for use
    • G06Q20/3552—Downloading or loading of personalisation data

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a control system comprising an interrogation unit and at least one transponder.
  • the control system may perform any of a wide variety of functions.
  • Such devices will become increasingly important in many aspects of industrial, entertainment, financial and security markets, and are variously known as smartcards, IC cards, memory cards, tags or transponde s.
  • smartcards IC cards
  • memory cards tags or transponde s.
  • the "card” is dedicated to one particular application at its point of manufacture.
  • a control system comprising an interrogation unit and at least one transponder and including means for transmitting data between the interrogation unit and transponder, the transponder including a microprocessor and a program memory for the microprocessor, and the interrogation unit being arranged to transmit data for transferring a new applications program or applications program routine into the program memory of the transponder.
  • a transponder including a microprocessor, a program memory for the microprocessor, and means arranged to receive data and respond to the received data to transfer a new applications program or applications program routine into the program memory of the transponder.
  • a complete program may be transferred from the interrogation unit into the program memory of the transponder, or one or more program routines may be transferred.
  • the transferred program may replace or supplement one or more programs already stored in the program memory.
  • the transmitted data may serve to select or activate different programs (or routines) already stored in the program memory but not until then available to the microprocessor of the transponder.
  • the transponder may be constructed without its use necessarily being dedicated at the point of manufacture and whose singular or various uses can be defined, selected or changed after manufacture.
  • the preferred embodiment of transponder has no external electrical contacts and retains all relevant data automatically on removal from its source of power, namely the interrogation unit.
  • the transponder is encapsulated in an electrically non-conducting material, in which case direct electrical connection for power or signals is not practicable.
  • This embodiment instead uses inductive coupling to supply electrical power and a clock signal to the transponder circuitry and electrostatic coupling to transmit data in both directions between the interrogation unit and the transponder.
  • inductive coupling may be used to transmit data in one direction (e.g. interrogation unit to transponder) and electrostatic coupling to transmit data in the other direction (e.g. transponder to interrogation unit).
  • Electrostatic or capacitive coupling has the advantages of eliminating the tuned coupling circuits and enabling much faster data transfer.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagam of an interrogation unit and a transponder in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a plan view of the electrode arrangement of the interrogation unit and transponder.
  • an interrogation unit IU and a transponder T Electrical power to the transponder is supplied through inductive coupling between a tuned circuit in the interrogation unit composed of capacitors 22, 23 and inductance 24 and a corresponding tuned circuit in the transponder, composed of inductance 25 and capacitor 26. Both tuned circuits are arranged to resonate at the frequency fc of the power carrier signal supplied from the control unit 1 through a buffer 21.
  • a bridge rectifier 27 and smoothing capacitor 30 in the transponder provide the dc supply voltage which is regulated by a circuit comprising a resistor 29 and a Zener diode 31.
  • a clock signal at a frequency fc for the transponder microprocessor 32 is also provided from the tuned circuit 25 and 26 through a buffer 28.
  • the clock signal may be derived by division of the power carrier frequency fc.
  • Digital data from the control unit 1 is 100% amplitude modulated 2 onto a carrier of frequency ft so that logic O 1 , logic *1' or the end of a transmission sequence is indicated by the length of the carrier burst.
  • a word of arbitary wordlength can be transmitted to the transponder. It is convenient to derive the carrier ft from the power and clock frequency fc by a divider 20 as shown in Figure 1 so that ft is an integral multiple of fc, but other frequencies are equally suitable.
  • the amplitude modulated data is buffered by an amplifier 3 which drives a step-up tuned circuit comprising inductance 4 and capacitor 5 and resonant at the carrier frequeency ft to provide a high voltage drive to a transmitter electrode 6.
  • this electrode is a grid of parallel conducting strips positioned inside and co-planar with the power drive coil 24 to reduce eddy current losses as shown in Figure 2.
  • Other configurations which provide electrostatic coupling to the transponder and minimise eddy current losses such as a conducting spiral or a sheet of high resistance material are also possible.
  • An electrode 7 in the transponder is electrostatically coupled to the transmitter electrode 6 to receive the amplitude modulated data.
  • electrode 7 is arranged as a parallel grid of conductors positioned inside and co-planar with the power carrier inductor 25 to reduce eddy current losses but may also be in the form of a conducting zig-zag or spiral pattern, or a sheet of high resistance material.
  • the received signal is buffered by an amplifier 8 and demodulated by the peak detector consisting of a series diode 9 and a low pass filter comprising shunt resistor 10 and capacitor 11.
  • the resultant envelope signal is passed to the transponder microprocessor 32. Appropriate software routines executed by the microprocessor 32 then retrieve the original digital data sequence.
  • Digital data from the transponder microprocessor 32 is phase modulated onto a carrier of frequency fr in a modulator 18.
  • fr is an even integral submultiple of the power and clock frequency fc derived by a divider 19 as shown in Figure 1, but other frequencies are possible.
  • the phase modulated data drives the common transmitting and receiving electrode 7 through a tristate buffer 17.
  • the output stage of this buffer 17 is inactive, that is to say at high impedance, to minimise loading of the received signal. It becomes active when the transponder T is transmitting data.
  • the phase modulated data is received at the interrogation unit IU by an electrode 16 which is electrostatically coupled to the transponder electrode 7.
  • the electrode 16 is a parallel grid of conducting strips interleaved with, but electrically separate from, the transmitting electrode 6 as shown in Figure 2. Such electrical separation reduces breakthrough of the high voltage transmitting signal to the receiver circuits.
  • the electrode may be located distant from the transmitting electrode 6.
  • the transmitting electrode 6 may itself serve as the receiving electrode.
  • a tuned circuit comprising capacitor 14 and inductance 15 receives the signal from receiver electrode 6 and provides some rejection of noise and spurious signals present in the received signal.
  • the phase modulated data is demodulated in a phase sensitive detector 12 using a reference signal fp derived by division of the power and clock signal fc in divider 20.
  • the division ratio is the same as the division ratio in the transponder T and so the reference signal will have the same frequency as the carrier fr and will be phase locked to it.
  • the required electrical path to the circuitry within the transponder may be made with a conducting grid on the back surface of the encapsulation suitably arranged to minimise eddy current losses, with a high resistance coating or by loading part of the encapsulation material with a conducting material such as carbon.
  • inductive coupling may be used for data transfer in one direction and electostatic coupling for data transfer in the opposite direction.
  • the function performed by the transponder microprocessor 32 and hence the operations on data transmitted to the transponder is determined by the active program stored within the transponder and the algorithm contained within that program.
  • the program is stored partly in non ⁇ volatile or permanent memory 33 and partly in volatile memory 34 whose contents can be altered under control of the program stored in the non-volatile portion 33 of the memory.
  • the alterable memory 34 is preferably EEPROM, that is Electrically Eraseable and Programmable Read Only Memory, but battery-backed Random Access Memory (RAM) is equally suitable.
  • the non-volatile memory 33 may be masked Read Only Memory (ROM).
  • Each part 33, 34 of the memory may be provided either as an external component interfaced to the transponder microprocessor as shown in Figure 1, as an integral part of the microprocessor, or as a unique custom VLSI chip.
  • a program suitable for controlling the reception and transmission of data by the transponder is written into the non-volatile memory 33 in the transponder at the time of manufacture.
  • the fixed program also contains appropriate software routines -for initially storing and subsequently altering the program stored in the volatile portion 34 of the transponder memory.
  • Data received by the transponder is of three kinds:- first, it may be data which the transponder is required to process in a way determined by a specific algorithm and/or a specific code contained within the transponder to produce replies which enable the interrrogation unit uniquely to identify that individual transponder.
  • the data may be processed and returned to the interrogation unit by the transponder whose instantaneous operation is defined by the currently active stored program.
  • the data may be written either directly or after descrambling or decryption into the volatile memory 34 to define a new program or algorithm.
  • the function and/or the identify of the transponder may be initially defined or subsequently altered to suit a particular application.
  • Data intended to alter the function of the transponder in this way must be positively identified to avoid the danger of unintentional rep og amming but to allow intentional program changes as part of the normal operation of the transponder.
  • reprogramming data is distinguished from normal data by using a unique wordle ⁇ gth of 32 bits whereas normal data is allowed to have a wordlength of not more than 16 bits.
  • reprogramming data is distinguished by a special sequence of normal length data words which identify a block of subsequent data words as reprogramming data.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Système de commande comprenant une unité d'interrogation (UI) et au moins un répondeur (T), ainsi qu'un module permettant de transmettre au répondeur des données provenant de l'unité d'interrogation, afin de transférer un nouveau programme d'application ou un nouveau sous-programme d'applications à la mémoire de programme (33) du microprocesseur (32) du répondeur. La fonction du répondeur ne doit donc pas nécessairement être prédéterminée pendant sa mise au point, puisqu'on peut la sélectionner et la modifier par la suite. L'ensemble est de préférence pourvu d'un dispositif d'accouplement électrostatique permettant de transférer des données dans une direction au moins entre l'unité d'interrogation et le répondeur.
PCT/GB1989/001391 1988-11-22 1989-11-22 Repondeur programmable WO1990005960A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8827228.1 1988-11-22
GB888827288A GB8827288D0 (en) 1988-11-22 1988-11-22 Articles to be worn

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990005960A1 true WO1990005960A1 (fr) 1990-05-31

Family

ID=10647273

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1989/001391 WO1990005960A1 (fr) 1988-11-22 1989-11-22 Repondeur programmable

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB8827288D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990005960A1 (fr)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991019997A1 (fr) * 1990-06-14 1991-12-26 Gec-Marconi Limited Systeme repondeur
GB2268664A (en) * 1992-07-06 1994-01-12 Plessey Semiconductors Ltd A data communication system
DE4327342A1 (de) * 1993-08-16 1995-02-23 Aeg Sensorsysteme Gmbh Mehrfach wiederverwendbarer Transportbehälter für Fördergüter
DE4334537A1 (de) * 1993-10-09 1995-04-13 Licentia Gmbh Transponder
EP0733988A2 (fr) * 1995-03-22 1996-09-25 International Computers Limited Système d'identification électronique
WO1996028793A3 (fr) * 1995-03-10 1997-01-03 Siemens Ag Systeme de carte a puce commandee par carte de licence
US5610384A (en) * 1994-09-30 1997-03-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Magnetic coupling circuit-driving system
WO1997021196A3 (fr) * 1995-12-02 1997-07-31 Dieter Ammer Procede pour donner une autorisation a des objets d'identification
WO1998037526A1 (fr) * 1997-02-21 1998-08-27 Mondex International Limited Systeme de carte a circuit integre multi-applications
WO1999042960A1 (fr) * 1998-02-23 1999-08-26 Schlumberger Systemes Chargement de programmes informatiques en blocs
US6112985A (en) * 1996-03-07 2000-09-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft License-card-controlled chip card system
US6230267B1 (en) 1997-05-15 2001-05-08 Mondex International Limited IC card transportation key set
EP1150260A1 (fr) * 2000-04-26 2001-10-31 Audiosmartcard International S.A. Procédé pour entrer des données dans un objet électronique nomade se présentant sous la forme d'une carte de crédit, postérieurement à sa fabrication
US6317832B1 (en) 1997-02-21 2001-11-13 Mondex International Limited Secure multiple application card system and process
WO2001020542A3 (fr) * 1999-09-13 2001-11-22 Intermec Ip Corp Substitution de systeme radioelectrique peu onereuse reposant sur la technologie rfid
US6357665B1 (en) 1998-01-22 2002-03-19 Mondex International Limited Configuration of IC card
WO2002017030A3 (fr) * 2000-08-22 2003-01-09 Onwafer Technologies Inc Procedes et appareil permettant d'obtenir des donnees destinees a la mise en oeuvre, l'optimisation, le controle et la regulation d'un processus
WO2002035464A3 (fr) * 2000-10-23 2003-05-01 Omega Electronics Sa Systeme d'identification electronique sans contact
US7274294B2 (en) 2005-01-26 2007-09-25 Rf Technologies, Inc. Mobile locator system and method
US7365645B2 (en) 2005-01-26 2008-04-29 Rf Technologies, Inc. Mobile locator system and method with wander management
US7523495B2 (en) 2006-04-19 2009-04-21 Multos Limited Methods and systems for IC card application loading

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0057602A2 (fr) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-11 Chalmers, David Arthur Plaquette adaptable représentant une valeur
WO1986004171A1 (fr) * 1985-01-11 1986-07-17 Indala Corporation Systeme d'identification

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0057602A2 (fr) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-11 Chalmers, David Arthur Plaquette adaptable représentant une valeur
WO1986004171A1 (fr) * 1985-01-11 1986-07-17 Indala Corporation Systeme d'identification

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU653733B2 (en) * 1990-06-14 1994-10-13 Bae Systems Integrated System Technologies Limited Transponder system
WO1991019997A1 (fr) * 1990-06-14 1991-12-26 Gec-Marconi Limited Systeme repondeur
GB2268664A (en) * 1992-07-06 1994-01-12 Plessey Semiconductors Ltd A data communication system
DE4327342A1 (de) * 1993-08-16 1995-02-23 Aeg Sensorsysteme Gmbh Mehrfach wiederverwendbarer Transportbehälter für Fördergüter
DE4334537A1 (de) * 1993-10-09 1995-04-13 Licentia Gmbh Transponder
US5610384A (en) * 1994-09-30 1997-03-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Magnetic coupling circuit-driving system
WO1996028793A3 (fr) * 1995-03-10 1997-01-03 Siemens Ag Systeme de carte a puce commandee par carte de licence
EP0733988A3 (fr) * 1995-03-22 1999-12-29 International Computers Limited Système d'identification électronique
EP0733988A2 (fr) * 1995-03-22 1996-09-25 International Computers Limited Système d'identification électronique
WO1997021196A3 (fr) * 1995-12-02 1997-07-31 Dieter Ammer Procede pour donner une autorisation a des objets d'identification
US6112985A (en) * 1996-03-07 2000-09-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft License-card-controlled chip card system
US6317832B1 (en) 1997-02-21 2001-11-13 Mondex International Limited Secure multiple application card system and process
US7584358B2 (en) 1997-02-21 2009-09-01 Multos Limited Tamper resistant module certification authority
US7734923B2 (en) 1997-02-21 2010-06-08 Multos Limited Key transformation unit for a tamper resistant module
US7730311B2 (en) 1997-02-21 2010-06-01 Multos Limited Key transformation unit for a tamper resistant module
US7730312B2 (en) 1997-02-21 2010-06-01 Multos Limted Tamper resistant module certification authority
US7730310B2 (en) 1997-02-21 2010-06-01 Multos Limited Key transformation unit for a tamper resistant module
US7707408B2 (en) 1997-02-21 2010-04-27 Multos Limited Key transformation unit for a tamper resistant module
WO1998037526A1 (fr) * 1997-02-21 1998-08-27 Mondex International Limited Systeme de carte a circuit integre multi-applications
US7702908B2 (en) 1997-02-21 2010-04-20 Multos Limited Tamper resistant module certification authority
US7689826B2 (en) 1997-02-21 2010-03-30 Multos Limited Flexibly loading a tamper resistant module
US7669055B2 (en) 1997-02-21 2010-02-23 Multos Limited Key transformation unit for a tamper resistant module
US6230267B1 (en) 1997-05-15 2001-05-08 Mondex International Limited IC card transportation key set
US7469339B2 (en) 1997-05-15 2008-12-23 Multos Limited Secure multiple application card system and process
US6357665B1 (en) 1998-01-22 2002-03-19 Mondex International Limited Configuration of IC card
FR2775375A1 (fr) * 1998-02-23 1999-08-27 Solaic Sa Chargement de programmes informatiques en blocs
WO1999042960A1 (fr) * 1998-02-23 1999-08-26 Schlumberger Systemes Chargement de programmes informatiques en blocs
US7017824B1 (en) 1998-02-23 2006-03-28 Axalto Sa Loading computer programs in blocks
US6608551B1 (en) 1999-09-13 2003-08-19 Intermec Ip Corp Low-cost radio replacement utilizing RFID technology
WO2001020542A3 (fr) * 1999-09-13 2001-11-22 Intermec Ip Corp Substitution de systeme radioelectrique peu onereuse reposant sur la technologie rfid
FR2808392A1 (fr) * 2000-04-26 2001-11-02 Audiosmartcard Internat Sa Procede pour entrer des donnees dans un objet electronique nomade se presentant sous la forme d'une carte de credit, posterieurement a sa fabrication
WO2001082248A1 (fr) * 2000-04-26 2001-11-01 Audiosmartcard International Sa Procede pour entrer entre des donnees dans un objet electronique nomade se presentant sous la forme d'une carte de credit, posterieurement a sa fabrication.
EP1150260A1 (fr) * 2000-04-26 2001-10-31 Audiosmartcard International S.A. Procédé pour entrer des données dans un objet électronique nomade se présentant sous la forme d'une carte de crédit, postérieurement à sa fabrication
WO2002017030A3 (fr) * 2000-08-22 2003-01-09 Onwafer Technologies Inc Procedes et appareil permettant d'obtenir des donnees destinees a la mise en oeuvre, l'optimisation, le controle et la regulation d'un processus
US6691068B1 (en) 2000-08-22 2004-02-10 Onwafer Technologies, Inc. Methods and apparatus for obtaining data for process operation, optimization, monitoring, and control
WO2002035464A3 (fr) * 2000-10-23 2003-05-01 Omega Electronics Sa Systeme d'identification electronique sans contact
US7365645B2 (en) 2005-01-26 2008-04-29 Rf Technologies, Inc. Mobile locator system and method with wander management
US7274294B2 (en) 2005-01-26 2007-09-25 Rf Technologies, Inc. Mobile locator system and method
US7523495B2 (en) 2006-04-19 2009-04-21 Multos Limited Methods and systems for IC card application loading

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Publication number Publication date
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