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WO1989007595A1 - Derives de spiroaza de n-oxydes heterocycliques et leur emploi dans la stimulation de la croissance des cheveux - Google Patents

Derives de spiroaza de n-oxydes heterocycliques et leur emploi dans la stimulation de la croissance des cheveux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989007595A1
WO1989007595A1 PCT/US1989/000658 US8900658W WO8907595A1 WO 1989007595 A1 WO1989007595 A1 WO 1989007595A1 US 8900658 W US8900658 W US 8900658W WO 8907595 A1 WO8907595 A1 WO 8907595A1
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Prior art keywords
ring
carbon
nitrogen
compound according
hydrogen
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PCT/US1989/000658
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English (en)
Inventor
Gail S. Bazzano
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Bazzano Gail S
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Publication date
Application filed by Bazzano Gail S filed Critical Bazzano Gail S
Publication of WO1989007595A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989007595A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/494—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
    • A61K8/4953—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom containing pyrimidine ring derivatives, e.g. minoxidil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q7/00—Preparations for affecting hair growth
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
    • C07D239/50—Three nitrogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
    • C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D251/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hetero atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D251/40—Nitrogen atoms
    • C07D251/54—Three nitrogen atoms
    • C07D251/70—Other substituted melamines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel compositions of matter and methods of their preparation, as well as to known compounds which have now been surprisingly discovered to be useful as hair growth enhancers. These compounds are useful in mammals (e.g. humans and domestic animals) for promotion of hair growth.
  • the hair follicle In contrast to most epithelial structures, the hair follicle does not grow continuously throughout its life, but passes through a cycle called the pilar cycle.
  • the pilar cycle comprises essentially three phases - - namely, the anagen or growth phase during which hair is produced, normally lasting about three to seven years; the catagen phase when growth stops and the follicle atrophies, lasting about three to four weeks; and the telogen phase, which is a rest period for the follicle during which the hair progressively separates and finally falls out, and normally lasting about three to four months.
  • the telogen phase Normally 80 to 95 percent of the follicles are in the anagen phase, less than 1 percent being in the catagen phase, and the rest being in the telogen phase.
  • the telogen phase hair is uniform in diameter with a slightly bulbous, non-pigmented root
  • the anagen phase hair has a large colored bulb at its root.
  • Alopecia results when the pilar cycle is disturbed, resulting in excessive hair loss.
  • the most frequent phenomenon is a shortening of the hair growth phase due to cessation of cell proliferation. This results in an early onset of the catagen phase, and consequently a large number of hairs in the telogen phase during which the follicles are detached from the dermal papillae, and the hairs fall out.
  • This shortening of the growth or anagen phase of the pilar cycle may have different origins, among which are very diverse pathological origins such as febrile conditions, mental stresses, hormonal problems (such as androgenetic alopecia due to male hormone sensitivity) and secondary effects of drugs.
  • Alopecia may also be due to age and to a slowing down of mitotic activity.
  • This dysfunction of the biological mechanism of hair growth leading to alopecia may be regarded as a disease. While there are other causes of alopecia such as greasy or oily scalp due to seborrhea and the dandruff accompanying it, the present invention is not directed to treating these extraneous causes of alopecia, but rather to treating the organic dysfunction of the hair follicle.
  • Minoxidil a potent antihypertensive
  • a hair growth promoting agent see U.S. Patents 3,461,461; 3,973,016; and 3,464,987.
  • the topical compound When the topical compound is absorbed, the systemic side effects include fluid retention, tachycardia, dyspnoea, gynaecomastia, fatigue, nausea and cardiotoxicity.
  • the present invention provides novel compounds as well as known compounds which have been discovered to have important hair growth promoting properties, particularly increasing and stimulating hair growth on mammalian skins, prolonging the anagen phase of the hair cycle, and converting vellus hair to growth as terminal hair, but which have much less toxicity and antihypertensive properties as compared to minoxidil and can be used at higher concentrations.
  • novel compounds have been found of the formula:
  • B is a disubstituted heterocyclic N-oxide moiety selected from the group consisting of pyridines, pyrimidines, and triazines
  • D forms a homocyclic carbon ring or a heterocyclic ring of n members in addition to the para carbon atom of the piperidinyl ring, wherein n equals 2 to 8, and at least two of the ring members D are carbon atoms and the reminder of the ring members, if any, are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and sulfur, the ring being saturated or unsaturated, and the carbon and nitrogen ring members being substituted or unsubstituted, with the possibility that the substituents, if any, form an additional ring, but when B is 2,4-diamino-pyrimidine-3-oxide, D is not any of the following: -CONHCONH-; -CH 2 NHCOO-;
  • the above novel compounds as well as the known compounds specifically excluded from the above formula, are useful in increasing the rate of hair growth on mammalian skins by applying to the skin an effective amount of a composition containing the compound.
  • the hair growth promotion compositions of the invention may also contain a retinoid.
  • the present invention provides an important advance in the search for compounds which will be more effective for promoting hair growth, and can be used topically at higher concentrations than is possible with minoxidil.
  • the promotion of hair growth or increasing the rate of hair growth it will be understood that one of more of the following is meant: increasing the rate of hair growth on the scalp; stimulating hair follicles of the skin; prolonging the anagen phase of the hair cycle; converting vellus hair to growth as terminal hair; and/or treating alopecias caused by organic dysfunction of the hair follicle.
  • the novel and known compounds of the present invention are formed by the union of an N-oxide moiety or subunit represented by the letter B and a spiroaza moiety in which the nitrogen atom of the piperidinyl ring of the spiroaza moiety is attached to the N-oxide moiety. It is believed that the N-oxide site is a primary active site in compounds capable of promoting hair growth.
  • N-oxide subunits are known per se in the art and are described particularly as parts of molecules useful in the treatment of hypertension.
  • Such compounds include the N-oxide pyrimidines, which are described for example in U.S. Patents 3,461,461; 3,973,016; and 3,464,987, and British Patent 1,486,682.
  • N-oxide pyridines are disclosed for example in U.S. Patent 4,021,562.
  • the known compounds of Formula I which are excluded by the definition following formula I, are described in A.
  • W and Y are nitrogen or carbon atoms and may be the same or different; each A may be independently selected from hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloaryl, alkenyl or aryl groups, wherein the substituents on these groups may be alkyl, halo or alkoxy; R' is A or NA 2 .
  • the A groups are either hydrogen or lower alkyl, but other substituents include, for example, lower alkenyl, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower cycloalkyl, lower aryl, lower alkaryl, lower aralkyl, lower alkaralkyl, lower alkoxyaralkyl, lower haloaralkyl, lower alkylphenylthio, and halophenylthio, and may additionally be carboxyacyl.
  • the term "lower” means C 1-8 for aliphatic substituents and C 6-16 for aromatic substituents.
  • the unattached bond at the ring position para to the N-oxide group is the position for attachment of the B moiety to the spiroaza moiety of Formula I.
  • Exemplary B moieties of the present invention are illustrated as follows:
  • the heterocylic B moieties have a single nitrogen atom in the ring and may be referred to as pyridines; where one of Y and W is carbon and the other is nitrogen, the heterocyclic rings have two nitrogen atoms and may be referred to as pyrimidines; and where Y and W are both nitrogen, the heterocyclic rings have three nitrogen atoms and may be referred to as triazines.
  • the spiro ring may also incorporate one or more trigonal centers on which an exocyclic substituent may reside, such as methylene, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen components. This is dictated by thermodynamic factors and available sites.
  • the alkenyl exocyclic double bond may also be endocyclic as thermodynamic or chemical factors dictate.
  • ring D may bear one or more alkyl substituents.
  • substituents may be isomeric in character including cis/trans counterparts where appropriate and/or bear substituent groups taken from the list below. Examples of such spiroaza moieties are shown below:
  • R, R' and R'' may be the same or different and are preferably alkyl but may be selected from the groups below, and X and Y may be carbon, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur.
  • Similar or dissimilar alkyl substituents may occupy positions on ring D where appropriate and may be geminal (on same sites) in character or occupy various different positions on the ring.
  • substituents other than alkyl may be introduced in the manner prescribed for alkyl groups and may include in addition to alkyl and substituted alkyl one or more groups chosen from the series detailed below:
  • spiroaza moieties include:
  • X, Y, Z and W may be different or may be methylene. Still further examples of spiroaza moieties as well as their precursors and metabolites are shown below:
  • novel compounds of the invention as well as the known compounds useful in the methods of the invention, can be formed by generally straightforward processes either known in the art or which will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • halogenated compounds of Formula II wherein the substituent para to the N- oxide group is a chlorine or bromine atom, for example, may be reacted with hydrides of the spiroaza moieties, i.e., compounds in which the spiroaza moieties have hydrogen atoms on the nitrogen bonds to which the B moieties are to be attached.
  • the compounds are reacted in the presence of an unreactive solvent.
  • the spiroaza moieties may be readily produced by methods known in the art, such as the following:
  • R H, alkyl, aryl, substituted with any polar functional groups such as OH, COOH, COOR,
  • carboxyacylates e.g., carbamates or oxamates of these compounds
  • the reaction product described above can be reacted with a suitable carboxyacylating agent.
  • carboxyacylating agent e.g., carbamates or oxamates of these compounds
  • suitable carboxyacylating agent especially suitable are the anhydrides, mixed anhydrides and acid chlorides of alkanoic, cycloalkanoic, alkenoic, cycloalkenoic, aralkanoic, aromatic and heterocyclic carboxylic acids.
  • These anhydrides and acid chlorides can also have substituents on any carbon except the carbonyl carbon with any of a wide variety of atomic or molecular moieties unreactive with the amine groups on the B moieties.
  • substituents are alkyl, e.g., methyl, butyl, decyl; alkoxy, e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, pentyloxy; aklythio, e.g., methylthio, propylthio, heptylthio; dialkylamino, e.g., dimethylamino, diethylamino, dihexylamino; alkoxycarbonyl, e.g., methoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, nonoxycarbonyl; carboxyacyl, e.g., acetyl, butyryl; carboxamido, e.g., benzamido, aetamido; nitro; fluoro; cyano and the like. Chlorine, bromine and iodine can also be substituents on aromatic portions of carboxyacylating agents.
  • Suitable acid chlorides are acetyl chloride, propionyl chloride, butyryl chloride, isobutyryl chloride, decanoyl chloride, acryloyl chloride, crotonoyl chloride, cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride, 3-cyclohexenecarbonyl chloride, phenylacetyl chloride, succinyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, naphthoyl chloride, furoyl chloride, ethyl oxalyl chloride, ethyl chloroformate, 3-pyridinecarbonyl chloride, phthaloyl chloride and the like, as well as the corresponding acid chlorides substituted with one or more of the above-mentioned substituents.
  • At least one molecular equivalent of carboxyacylating agent should be used for the introduction of each carboxyacyl moiety.
  • reactive carboxyacylating agents such as acetic anhydride
  • a diacyl compound is usually obtained even with only one molecular equivalent of carboxyacylating agent. In such cases, some of the amine groups on the B moieties do not form carboxyacylates.
  • the carboxyacylation usually takes place rapidly in the range of -20 to about +50°C.
  • Suitable diluents are ethers; e.g., diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; ketones, e.g., acetone or methylethyl ketone; esters, e.g., methyl acetate or ethyl acetate; acetonitrile; pyridine and the like.
  • the desired carboxyacylate often separates from the reaction mixture in crystalline form and can be separated in the usual manner; for example, by filtration or centrifugation. Alternatively, the diluent can be evaporated, preferably at reduced pressure.
  • the carboxyacylates can be purified by conventional techniques; for example, by recrystallization from a suitable solvent or mixture of solvents.
  • novel compounds of the invention as described above, as well as the similar compounds described by Catto, et al. are relatively weak and non-toxic when administered orally as antihypertensive agents. It has been unexpectedly discovered that the subject compounds, when applied topically to mammalian skin, in an effective amount, can stimulate or improve the rate of hair growth and prolong the anagen phase of the hair cycle. Moreover, these compounds can be used in high concentrations in topical solutions and can be effective in treatment of alopecia. Typically, these compounds are useful as the active ingredients of different types of preparations such as lotions, solutions, ointments, creams, sprays and the like.
  • the compounds of the present invention which form the active ingredients in the hair treatment preparations can be used in combinations with retinoids as described in my published PCT patent applications US81/00338 (WO82/02833) and US82/01593 (WO83/02558), in that these combinations can exhibit synergism.
  • the combinations can improve or stimulate the rate of hair growth to a greater extent than the individual active ingredients of the combinations alone.
  • Suitable retinoid active ingredients for use in this invention include, for example, derivatives of retinoic acid which have been described in PCT applications US81/00338 and US82/01593, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Preparations such as lotions, creams, conditioners, and the like, including the aforementioned compounds as the active ingredients, can be applied topically to the skin for stimulating or improving the rate of hair growth.
  • the compounds of the present invention are not very toxic, in comparison with minoxidil, and when applied topically to the skin in high concentration have excellent penetration and a long lasting effect, in producing hair growth in an animal model for androgenetic alopecia.
  • retinoids in combination with the subject compounds of this application can exhibit synergism in the animal model studied.
  • topical as employed herein, relates to the use of the above compounds, incorporated in a suitable pharmaceutical carrier, and applied at the site of baldness for exertion of local action. Accordingly, such topical compositions include those pharmaceutical forms in which the compound is applied externally by contact with the skin surface to be treated.
  • Conventional pharmaceutical forms for this purpose include ointments, lotions, pastes, jellies, sprays, aerosols, and the like.
  • ointment embraces formulations (including creams) having oleaginous, absorptive, water-soluble and emulsion-type bases; e.g., petrolatum, lanolin, polyethylene glycols, as well as mixtures of these.
  • the percentage by weight of the compounds of the invention utilized preferably ranges from about 1% to about 20% of the pharmaceutical preparations; the aforesaid pharmaceutical carriers for topical application constitute a major amount of the preparation.
  • the active compounds may also be used in a free flowing bead formulation by entrapment with a syneresis-free polymeric network which is hydrophobic. Loading as great as 60-80% should be achieved within the polymeric lattice. In this matrix the functional hair growth agent is held by microsorption and protected from hydrolysis and other modes of decomposition, providing prolonged shelf-life and in a form superior to an emulsion.
  • compositions contemplated by this invention include pharmaceutical compositions suited for topical and systemic action.
  • the following Examples illustrate the administration vehicles for the present invention.
  • the methods of administration may vary by lotion, cream, ointment, polymeric beadlets, supplement to chow, coating for seeds, etc. These Examples are only meant to be illustrative and do not limit the mode of administration nor the ingredients which can be admixed to the present invention, nor the amount which may be used.
  • All-trans retinoic acid (0.1 gram) and 10 grams of 2,4-diamino-6-N-(1,5-dioxa-9-azaspiro-[5,5]undecane)-pyrimidine-3-oxide are dissolved in 100 ml of acetone, and the solution admixed with 900 grams of USP grade hydrophilic ointment to a uniform consistency; one gram of butylated hydroxytoluene is added.
  • the water washable cream ointment thus prepared consists of 0.1% retinoic acid and 10% of the N,N-substituted piperazine.
  • the active ingredients in this example are entrapped within an acrylate copolymer.
  • the hydrophobic polymer is plasticized by most entrapped ingredients. The degree of plasticization determines whether the beads are soft, spreadable, and film-forming with minimal pressure or hard with the ability to withstand shearing of light intensity.
  • a rodent model of hypotrichosis has been developed which is useful as an animal model of androgenetic alopecia.
  • the model displays some of the characteristics of male pattern alopecia in humans.
  • Extreme hair loss is developed after puberty in males. It is typified by initial hair loss on the crown of the head, continuing to the development of hypotrichosis in these animals, as shown by fewer and smaller hair follicles and greatly enlarged sebaceous glands, especially over the crown of the head and the shoulders and upper back. The limbs tend to remain hairy. The females eventually develop male pattern alopecia but not to the same degree as the males.
  • the active compounds caused an increase of more than 30% in the amount of hair growth found over the amount of growth found in animals treated with the placebo lotion.
  • the unexpected novel advantages to be gained from the use of the instant invention are: improved solubility and improved stability and activity of active compounds and the increased percutaneous absorption leading to longer action of compounds; the excellent penetration of skin is due in part to the hydrophilic and lipophilic substituents; and compatibility of compounds with non-polar solvents useful for the preservation of the polar groups while in contact with the skin. Furthermore, the less-toxic nature of these compounds allows a greater concentration of the active compound to be applied topically without unwanted side effects.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne de nouveaux composés ainsi que des composés connus dont a découvert qu'ils ont des propriétés stimulant la croissance des cheveux, mais qu'ils ont une toxicité et des propriétés antihypertensives bien moindres comparées au minoxidil. On peut les utiliser dans des concentrations supérieures ayant la formule (I), comprenant des isomères, des précurseurs ainsi que des métabolites actifs desdits composés, dans laquelle B représente une fraction de N-oxyde hétérocyclique disubstitué choisi dans le groupe composé de pyridines, pyrimidines, et triazines. Dn forme un anneau de carbone homocyclique ou un anneau hétérocyclique de n éléments s'ajoutant à l'atome de carbone para de l'anneau de piperidinyle, dans lequel n est compris entre 2 et 8. Au moins deux éléments d'anneau D sont des atomes de carbone. Les éventuels éléments restant de l'anneau sont choisis dans le groupe composé d'oxygène, d'azote, de carbone et de soufre, l'anneau étant saturé ou non saturé, et les éléments de l'anneau de carbone et d'azote étant substitués ou non substitués, avec la possibilité que les substituants éventuels forment un anneau supplémentaire.
PCT/US1989/000658 1988-02-17 1989-02-17 Derives de spiroaza de n-oxydes heterocycliques et leur emploi dans la stimulation de la croissance des cheveux WO1989007595A1 (fr)

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US15656888A 1988-02-17 1988-02-17
US156,568 1988-02-17

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992001437A1 (fr) * 1990-07-20 1992-02-06 L'oreal Utilisation de derives de pyrimidine 3-oxyde pour freiner la chute des cheveux et compositions topiques mises en ×uvre
EP0515982B1 (fr) * 1991-05-27 1995-04-19 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. N-pentadécyl nicotinate-N-oxyde et agent de régénération des cheveux le renfermant

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BOLL, CHIM. FARM. 121, (1982), 16-26, "2,4-Diamino-6-Piperidinil e 6-Piperazinil-Pirimidine 3-Ossido, Nuovi Analoghi del Minossidie", Catto. See the abstract and the table. *
HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Vol. 65, Fasc. 5, (1982), Nr-142, "Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Oxo-2,8-Dihydro-(1,2,4)-Oxadiazolo-(2,3,-a)Pyrimidine-7-Carbamates: A New Class of Antihypertensive Peripheral Vasodilators", MULLER. See Scheme 1 and Scheme 2, pages 1446 and 1447. *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992001437A1 (fr) * 1990-07-20 1992-02-06 L'oreal Utilisation de derives de pyrimidine 3-oxyde pour freiner la chute des cheveux et compositions topiques mises en ×uvre
US5328914A (en) * 1990-07-20 1994-07-12 L'oreal Use of pyrimidine 3-oxide derivatives for slowing down hair loss and topical compositions used
EP0515982B1 (fr) * 1991-05-27 1995-04-19 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. N-pentadécyl nicotinate-N-oxyde et agent de régénération des cheveux le renfermant

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