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WO1986007197A1 - Procede de fabrication d'une section de guide d'onde presentant une transition continue et antenne pour micro-ondes utilisant cette section de guide d'onde - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'une section de guide d'onde presentant une transition continue et antenne pour micro-ondes utilisant cette section de guide d'onde Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986007197A1
WO1986007197A1 PCT/HU1986/000032 HU8600032W WO8607197A1 WO 1986007197 A1 WO1986007197 A1 WO 1986007197A1 HU 8600032 W HU8600032 W HU 8600032W WO 8607197 A1 WO8607197 A1 WO 8607197A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wave
guide
section
cross
guide section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU1986/000032
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Péter HÁNCS
Béla LADÁNYI-TURÓCZY
István MOSONI
Pál SZALAI
Original Assignee
Licencia Találmányokat Értékesito^" És Innovációs
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Licencia Találmányokat Értékesito^" És Innovációs filed Critical Licencia Találmányokat Értékesito^" És Innovációs
Publication of WO1986007197A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986007197A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P11/001—Manufacturing waveguides or transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P11/002—Manufacturing hollow waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/02—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
    • H01P5/022—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions
    • H01P5/024—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions between hollow waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0283—Apparatus or processes specially provided for manufacturing horns

Definitions

  • a method for manufacturing a wave-guide section providing a continuous transition and a microwave antenna using this wave-guide section is a method for manufacturing a wave-guide section providing a continuous transition and a microwave antenna using this wave-guide section.
  • the invention relates to a method for manu ⁇ facturing a wave guide section that provides a con ⁇ tinuous transition between two cross-sections of diffe ⁇ rent size and/or shape from a semi-rigid, flexible wave-guide of constant cross-section.
  • the invention relates also to a microwave antenna comprising the so-obtained wave-guide section.
  • microwave devices that include wave-guide sections that have vary ⁇ ing cross-sections along their lengths- and often not only the cross-section but also the form thereof is varied.
  • Such a device is used generally to provide a connection and a signal transmission between an input and an output cross-section that satisfies predetermined electrical and mechanical criteria. According to their designations such devices can be:
  • Such devices generally have strictly predetermined mecha ⁇ nical dimensions and they are manufactured from a metal mainly from copper or brass by means of a cutting process or by electroforming.
  • At least one end of such devices is provided with a connector to enable connection towards a wave ⁇ guide.
  • the manufacture of such devices is generally expensive, they should be provided on one or both ends with two connection facilities towards a wave-guide- or another microwave device.
  • the catalogues of several com ⁇ panies manufacturing microwave devices include large numbers of various embodiments of such devices.
  • German laid open publication 3.130.449 re- lates to a polarization transducer, in which a circular wave-guide is inserted in sleeve-like tool which consists of two halves in which respective rectangular recesses are formed which step-wise decreasing cross section.
  • a circular wave-guide is inserted in sleeve-like tool which consists of two halves in which respective rectangular recesses are formed which step-wise decreasing cross section.
  • the circular wave-guide is pressed between these halves, its shape will be deformed elliptically.
  • the so-obtained flaring elliptical cross-section is stabilized in such a way that the two halves will not be removed from the wave-guide and the two connections are tooled on the two end faces of the rigidly compressed sleeve.
  • Such a design is capable of making a polarizatio transducer in the actual field of application, however, the mounting of the sleeve and the final presence thereof around the wave-guide portion are connected with a number of drawbacks.
  • One of them lies in that the discretely changing rectangular recess profile of the two halves cannot provide strictly predetermined cross-sectional area and forms for the deformed wave-guide section which would be necessary for perfect performance.
  • the German laid open publication 2.939.697 relates to a microwave antenna which is equipped with an internal wave ⁇ guide made by a semi-rigid, flexible tube of elliptical cross-section which is the same type that used to connect a microwave equipment with the antenna.
  • the internal wave-guide is formed in a swan's neck shape and the frontal end portion of this internal wave-guide constit ⁇ utes the primary radiator of the antenna.
  • a separate .primary radiator having a flaring elliptical aperture can be connected to the frontal end of the internal wave-guide.
  • concentrical annular loading rings are arranged behind the aperture of the internal wave-guide.
  • FIG. 2 of the cited publication uses a similar internal wave-guide but this embodiment shows a Cassegrain type antenna.
  • Such antennas can be operated in single polarization mode due to the elliptical cross-section of the internal wave-guide. If the antenna should be operated in double polarization mode, then a primary radiator must be used which has the same aperture in both directions. In such application a polarization converter and a polarization transducer must be inserted in the path between the primary radiator and the internal wave-guide.
  • the suggestion for using a semi-rigid, flexible wave-guide as the internal wave-guide of the microwave antenna which can constitute even the primary radiator as taught by the cited publication 2.939.697 has proved to represent a significant step-forward compared to the pre ⁇ viously existing prior art.
  • the type and cross-section of the wave-guide connecting the microwave equipment to the antenna referred to as "outer wave-guide" are determined generally by a number of technical considerations which can be influenced by economic aspects, too.
  • the aperture, electrical parameters and other characteristics of the primary radiator are determined mainly by the intended use including the requirements imposed on the tele- * communication link, and based on these conditions the size and/or form of the aperture of the primary radiator has to be different from those of the outer wave-guide.
  • a signal pass_tg_ should be provided between the input and output cross-sections that can ensure a sufficient operational • bandwidth, a required mode purity and suitable trans- mission parameters /attenuation and reflexion coefficient/. If a separate transition device is used, respective con ⁇ nection facilities must be provided at both ends of the device and the means used as connectors have respective limiting transmission characteristics and their presence decreases the compactness and reliability of the whole microwave antenna system. It is a well known objective of all designers to minimize the number of devices used in a microwave antenna system. Similar considerations can be applied regarding polarization converters if the microwave transmission must be designed for multi-polarizational performance.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method which enables the simple and perfect manufacture of a wave guide section that can serve as a transition between cross sections of different size and/or form,
  • a further object of the invention lies in pro ⁇ viding a microwave antenna using the wave-guide section manufactured by the aforementioned method.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that a flexible , semi-ri gi d wave-guide like the one disclosed in the Hungarian patent 17*7.317 has a sufficient de- formability for being able to take the form of a mandrel tooled to the form of the transition, if such a mandrel is pressed therein. In that case there will be no need for providing a separate connection between the wave-guide and the transition, since this latter forms an integral part and an extension of the wave ⁇ guide.
  • a method for manufacturing a wave-guide section pro ⁇ viding a continuous transition between two cross-sections of different size and/or form by using a flexible and semi-ridig wave-guide of uniform cross-section, in which a mandrel is provided which has a form corresponding to the required form of the transitional .wave-guide section and made of a material substantially harder than said wave ⁇ guide, the cross-s.ection of said mandrel is changing along * the length thereof according to a monotonic function, and said mandrel is axially inserted in the end of said wave- guide by applying a sufficient pressure, whereby the end of the wave-guide is deformed to an extent which corres ⁇ ponds at most to the highest permissible deformation li ⁇ mit determined for the material thereof.
  • the wave-guide is made of a material, preferably of aluminum which has a deformability of at least 20%.
  • the cross- section of the transition is symmetrical to two mutually perpendicular axes along the whole length thereof.
  • the method can be carried out in a simple way if the deforming step is performed in a cold state.
  • the mandrel can be pull ⁇ ed out of the interior of the deformed wave-guide section. It is particularly advantageous if at least one of the two outer cross-sections is hyperelliptical, how ⁇ ever, still further advantageous features can.be obtained if both of these cross-sections and each transitional cross-section therebetween are also hyperelliptical, and in the mathematical formulae defining the respective cross- sections the power is varied according to a monotonic function.
  • each cross-section offers the advantage, that a numerically controlled machine tool can be used for making the mandrel, since each cross- section of the transition if defined by a mathematically exact formula, and a further advantage lies in that one can optionally choose the steepness of the change of the power in the formula of definition as it varies along the length of the transition, and this option enhances the freedom of the designer. Such a freedom has not existed in the prior art design methods.
  • the transition is made by a number .of parts.
  • Each part is made by a wave-guide section having a uniform cross- section discretely differring from that of the others and respective mandrels with discretely increasing cross- sections are used to deform these parts, and after re ⁇ moval of the mandrels the flaring parts are connected to each other to provide the transition.
  • the wave-guide section made by the method according to the invention can be used as a microwave device in a large number. of applications i.e. as a tran ⁇ sition, as a polarization transducer and in given cases as the flaring portion of a primary radiator, however, particular significance is attributed to the use of such a wave-guide " section in a microwave antenna comprising a primary radiator, an inner transmission line and a connection towards an outer transmission line, in which according to the invention the deformed wave-guide section is provided at least at one end of the inner transmission line having a monotonously expanding cross-section in a direction away from the connection towards the outer trans ⁇ mission line, and the inner transmission line is made by the flexible, semi-rigid wave-guide used in an end portion for making the transitional wave-guide section.
  • the primary radiator is coupled to a polarization transducer and this latter to a polarization converter, and the respective polarization gates of the converter are coupled to res- pective flexible, semi-rigid inner transmission wave ⁇ guides.
  • the polarization transducer and the primary radiator of the antenna are made from a single wave-guide section deformed at both ends in such a way the the cross-sections are decreas ⁇ ing towards the middle of the section.
  • the primary radiator of the antenna comprises loading rings tooled by using the mandrel as a centering element when it was pressed in the frontal end of the primary ' radiator.
  • Fig. * 1 is a sketch illustrating the method according to the invention
  • Fig. 2. is the perspective view of a quarter of the mandrel used for the method hav ⁇ ing hyperelliptical cross-section
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a microwave antenna using the invention
  • Fig. 4 shows an enlarged detail of the antenna shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 1 shows a flexible, semi-rigid wave-guide 1 made of an aluminum tube.
  • the wave-g ⁇ ide 1 is designed according to the Hungarian patent 177.317 and it has a hyperelliptical cross-section.
  • a hyperellipse is defined by the formula:
  • x and y designate two mutually perpendicular axes in the cross-sectional plane and m and n are numbers larger than 2.
  • a wave-guide section with varying cross-section can be obtained from the wave-guide 1 of uniform cross section by using a mandrel 2 having a form varying along its length according to a required function.
  • the material of the mandrel 2 is substantially harder than the material of the wave-guide 1 e.g. steel.
  • the mandrel 2 comprises a conical introductory section 3, a transitional section 4 with a shape corresponding to the required transition, a shoulder 5 and a shaft 6 which is concentrical with the transitional section and has a circular cross-section.
  • the cross-section of the mandrel 2 is the same as that of the wave-guide 1.
  • the mandrel 2 is pressed /beaten/ in the open end of• the wave-guide 1, whereby its shape is deformed to correspond to that of the transitional section 4.
  • This step can be performed in such a way that the outer surface of the mandrel 2 is wetted by a liquid that can provide a suitable lubric ⁇ ation effect and the wave-guide 1 is supported from outside, then the mandrel 2 is introduced in the wave ⁇ guide 1 by means of a number of smaller axial impacts.
  • the impacting force can be applied by means of a falling weight guided by the shaft 6 which impinges the shoulder
  • the transitional section 4 must have a monotonously expanding cross-section towards the shoulder 5.
  • the material of the wave-guide has a relative deformability which lies between ' 20% and 30%, In order to prevent deformations larger than permitted, - li ⁇
  • the largest perimeter of the transitional section 4 cannot exceed 1,3 times the perimeter of the wave-guide 1.
  • the monotonous character does not mean that the cross-section of the wave-guide cannot have any size that slightly decreases in a portion along the transition.
  • This limitation means that the general shape of the mandrel 2 is monotonously increasing, whereby it can be pulled out of the wave-guide section without causing a further deformation.
  • the cross-section of the frontal part of the ' transitional section 4 of the mandrel 2 is smaller than the cross-section of the wave-guide 1, then there will be parts of the wall which under the effect of the denting forces will shrink and close against the mandrel 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows a quarter of the shape of a tran ⁇ sition in a perspective view. It can be seen that along the axis z_ the corner will be more and more rounded i.e. both powers in the definition formula of the hyperellip ⁇ tical function are monotonously decreasing. Also, the value of a is increasing, while the value of b_ is decreas ⁇ ing and approaches that of a. In this way starting ellip ⁇ tical cross-section changes over to a circular form. While the use of a hyperelliptical cross-section has certain advantages /definitive form, easier design/, the shape of the mandrel 2 does not have to be always hyperelliptical.
  • Elliptical or elliptic-like cross-sections can well be used just as any other conventional forms used for constituting a transitional section.
  • the circular shaft 6 arranged at the rear end of the mandrel 2, which is coaxial with the transitional section 4, provides an additional possibility according to which loading rings concentrical with the inner cross- section of the wave-guide can be tooled on a metal fitted to the outer surface of the wave-guide 1 by using the shaft 6 in a cutting machine as a centering means when being inserted in the wave-guide. _ . '
  • the transitional section forms the direct extension of the wave-guide 1, and from this fact it follows that compared to conven ⁇ tional discrete transition devices /in other term: tapers/ one of the mechanical connections thereof has been spared /including the mechanical and electrical limitations re ⁇ sulting from such a connection/.
  • the transition can be used as an interconnect ⁇ ing member between two wave-guides of different size and/ or cross-section, * as a polarization transducer referred also to as a polarizer, as a primary radiator /called also as primary feed/ or as any other microwave device in which a wave-guide section with varying cross-section is required.
  • the wave-guide 1 can be deformed by respective mandrels introduced in the two ends thereof, whereby two communicating deformed sections are obtained, in which the cross-sectional area is decreasing from the end faces towards the middle regions.
  • the wave-guide 1 must have an app ⁇ ropriate length.
  • Such a double transitional configuration can be used as a polarization transducer. It can be en- sured that the two opposing transitional sections have a common axis by providing a common shaft 6 for the two mandrels which can be guided in fitting axial bores tool ⁇ ed in the mandrels instead of forming integral part thereof.
  • the deforming step can be carried out by simultaneously pressing the two mandrels in the wave-guide section from opposing directions.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a microwave antenna comprising a few num ⁇ ber of wave-guide sections made by the method according to the invention.
  • The. enlarged view of Fig. 4 shows the primary radiator of the antenna shown in Fig. 3 and the devices connected thereto.
  • the antenna is capable of receiving and transmitting cir ⁇ cularly polarized waves including both right and left senses of rotation.
  • the antenna comprises a parabolic mirror- 7, a primary radiator 8 arranged in the focal zone of the mirror 7 , a polarization transducer 9 coupled to the primary radiator 8, a polar selector 10 with two polarization gates and coupled to the output of the trans- ducer 9, an internal transmission line 13 with an end deformed to comprise a transition as suggested by the pre ⁇ sent invention, this end is coupled to a first polariz ⁇ ation gate 11 of the polar selector 10, and an other in ⁇ ternal transmission line 14 connected to a second polariz- ation gate 12 of the polar selector 10.
  • the internal transmission lines 13 and 14 are coupled through separate connector terminals arranged behind the mirror 7 to res ⁇ pective outer transmission lines 15 and 16.
  • both axes of the primary radiator 8 have the same length and the primary radiator 8 is made by a horn manufactured according to the present invention. It can be seen in Fig. 4 that the primary radiator 8 and the polariza ⁇ tion transducer 9 arranged behind the radiator 8 are made by the deformation of the two ends " of one and the same wave-guide section. By such a technology the two devices will be automatically connected to each other.
  • the out ⁇ put of the polarization transducer 9 provides a pair of linearly polarized waves in which the planes of polarizatio are normal to each other.
  • the outer periphery of the pri ⁇ mary radiator 8 is encircled by a number of corrugated ring chokes 17 that exert an influence on the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • the vertically extending polarization gate 12 of the polar selector 10 passes one of the linearly polariz ⁇ ed waves to the internal transmission line 14 designed to have a ratio of the two axes of the cross-section equal- .to ' 1:2.
  • the cross-section of the inner transmission line 14 is equal to that of the outer transmission lines 15, 16, therefore there is no need for a transition between the line 14 and the line 16.
  • the ratio of the axes of the cross-section in the polarization gate 11 of the polar selector 10 is about 1:1, therefore the connection towards the internal transmission line 13 which has axes with a ratio of 1:2 must be solved by using an appropriate taper.
  • This taper or wave-guide transition can be provided if the end section of the inner transmission line 13 is de ⁇ formed by a mandrel formed to ensure an optimum transition between these two cross-sections. All wave-guides and wave-guide sections used in the antenna shown in Figs, 3 and 4 have hyperelliptical cross-section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de fabrication d'une section de guide d'onde présentant une transition continue entre deux sections transversales de tailles et/ou de formes différentes, dans lequel dans une extrémité d'un guide d'onde semi-rigide flexible (1) présentant une section transversale uniforme, est introduit un mandrin (2) en appliquant un effort axial approprié pour déformer la section terminale du guide d'onde, afin que cette section assume la forme conique du mandrin (2) usiné pour correspondre à la forme de transition requise. Le guide d'onde est déformé jusqu'à la valeur limite maximale déterminée pour le matériau utilisé. Après l'enlèvement du mandrin, la section terminale du guide d'onde conserve la forme de la partie conique du mandrin. De préférence cette section conique présente une section transversale hyperelliptique. La transition ainsi obtenue est tout indiquée dans la technique des micro-ondes, et dans un champ d'application, une antenne à micro-ondes comprend une alimentation primaire (8), une conduite de transmission interne (13) raccordée à l'alimentation primaire et un organe connecteur servant à raccorder la conduite de transmission interne à une conduite de transmission externe (15), la conduite de transmission interne (13) se composant d'un guide d'onde flexible semi-rigide qui est déformé par le procédé ci-décrit de manière à présenter une extrémité conique qui raccorde la conduite de transmission interne (13) directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'éléments polarisants ou de sélection de polarisation à l'alimentation primaire ou formant elle-même l'alimentation primaire.
PCT/HU1986/000032 1985-05-21 1986-05-21 Procede de fabrication d'une section de guide d'onde presentant une transition continue et antenne pour micro-ondes utilisant cette section de guide d'onde WO1986007197A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU1910/85 1985-05-21
HU191085A HU193099B (en) 1985-05-21 1985-05-21 Method for making waveguide section forming continuous and smooth transition between cross-sections of different size and/or shape and ariel with waveguide section made thereby

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1986007197A1 true WO1986007197A1 (fr) 1986-12-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/HU1986/000032 WO1986007197A1 (fr) 1985-05-21 1986-05-21 Procede de fabrication d'une section de guide d'onde presentant une transition continue et antenne pour micro-ondes utilisant cette section de guide d'onde

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0261121A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5907286A (fr)
HU (1) HU193099B (fr)
WO (1) WO1986007197A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996039729A1 (fr) * 1995-06-05 1996-12-12 Italtel S.P.A. Procede de fabrication d'un systeme d'eclairage a antenne birefringente avec un support axial de lentille et systeme d'eclairage ainsi obtenu

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1049454B (fr) *
US2800943A (en) * 1955-05-02 1957-07-30 Western Electric Co Apparatus for flaring wave guides
FR1450750A (fr) * 1965-07-13 1966-06-24 Comp Generale Electricite Procédé de fabrication de guides d'ondes circulaires hélicoïdaux
DE1766436A1 (de) * 1967-05-25 1972-03-09 Andrew Corp Breitstrahlhorn fuer Parabolantennen
GB1284483A (en) * 1969-02-01 1972-08-09 Licentia Gmbh Method of mounting fittings on waveguides
US4168504A (en) * 1978-01-27 1979-09-18 E-Systems, Inc. Multimode dual frequency antenna feed horn
DD150970A1 (de) * 1979-05-21 1981-09-23 Finommech Vallalat Flexibler hohlleiter zur uebertragung von mikrowellensignalen

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1049454B (fr) *
US2800943A (en) * 1955-05-02 1957-07-30 Western Electric Co Apparatus for flaring wave guides
FR1450750A (fr) * 1965-07-13 1966-06-24 Comp Generale Electricite Procédé de fabrication de guides d'ondes circulaires hélicoïdaux
DE1766436A1 (de) * 1967-05-25 1972-03-09 Andrew Corp Breitstrahlhorn fuer Parabolantennen
GB1284483A (en) * 1969-02-01 1972-08-09 Licentia Gmbh Method of mounting fittings on waveguides
US4168504A (en) * 1978-01-27 1979-09-18 E-Systems, Inc. Multimode dual frequency antenna feed horn
DD150970A1 (de) * 1979-05-21 1981-09-23 Finommech Vallalat Flexibler hohlleiter zur uebertragung von mikrowellensignalen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996039729A1 (fr) * 1995-06-05 1996-12-12 Italtel S.P.A. Procede de fabrication d'un systeme d'eclairage a antenne birefringente avec un support axial de lentille et systeme d'eclairage ainsi obtenu

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5907286A (en) 1986-12-24
HUT40280A (en) 1986-11-28
EP0261121A1 (fr) 1988-03-30
HU193099B (en) 1987-08-28

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