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WO1986005651A1 - Technique de suppression d'arcs - Google Patents

Technique de suppression d'arcs Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1986005651A1
WO1986005651A1 PCT/US1986/000565 US8600565W WO8605651A1 WO 1986005651 A1 WO1986005651 A1 WO 1986005651A1 US 8600565 W US8600565 W US 8600565W WO 8605651 A1 WO8605651 A1 WO 8605651A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power supply
frequency signals
arcing
detecting
lines
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1986/000565
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John T. La Belle
Original Assignee
Strand Century, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Strand Century, Inc. filed Critical Strand Century, Inc.
Publication of WO1986005651A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986005651A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/162—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/1623—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to circuits for the control of direct-current (dc) power supplied to electrical loads such as incandescent lights. More particularly, the invention relates to light dimmers of the type used to control lighting in live theatri ⁇ cal performances, or in the production of motion pictures or programs for television. An important requirement for such stage lighting is for convenient and precise control of the brightness of a number of incandescent lamps, and the ability to switch select ⁇ ed lamps on and off without significantly affecting the others.
  • dc direct-current
  • a well known approach to the control of lighting loads uses selective switching of alterna ⁇ ting-current (ac) power signals in a controlled rectifier. Each time the alternating signal reaches a selected phase angle, a controlled rectifier compo ⁇ nent is switched on, and when the signal next reaches a zero-crossing point the controlled rectifier is automatically switched off. The resulting "chopped" ac signal is filtered to provide a direct current (dc) signal whose voltage level is dependent on the phase angle selected for switching.
  • dc direct current
  • a significant problem with the use of dc power to supply large lighting loads is that switches used to turn the lights on and off are subject to serious arcing problems.
  • the present invention is directed to a technique for detecting and suppressing arcing in dc switching circuits.
  • the present invention resides in means for automatically suppressing arcing conditions, which are inherent in the switching of dc loads.
  • the means for suppressing arcing includes a transformer having two oppositely wound primary windings connected in the power supply lines to the dc loads, such that high-frequency signals induced equally in both lines will cancel in the transformer, and a secondary winding for detecting high-frequency signals carried by the lines when an arc is formed.
  • the average voltage level of the dc power signal is controlled by dc control means.
  • the inven ⁇ tion further includes means for comparing the signal sensed by the transformer with a preselected thres ⁇ hold level, and means responsive to the means for comparing, for generating a disabling pulse for application to the dc control means, to disconnect the dc power temporarily from the load, and thereby suppress the arc.
  • the dc control means includes a three-phase rectifier having silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) components.
  • SCR silicon controlled rectifier
  • Application of the disabling ' pulse in this context has the effect of disabling gate signals applied to the SCR's, and thereby reducing the output of the rectifier to zero.
  • the technique of the inven- tion would, of course, be equally well suited for application to other types of controlled rectifiers, whether full-wave or half- wave.
  • the dc control means may take other forms, such as circuitry for pulse-width modulating a dc signal, as disclosed in the cross-referenced application Serial No. 06/713,017.
  • the method of the invention includes the steps of detecting an arcing condition in the load circuit, and temporarily disconnecting the dc power supply from the load to eliminate the arcing con ⁇ dition. More specifically, the method includes the steps of detecting the presence of high-frequency signals in the load lines, caused by an arcing condition, comparing the magnitude of the detected high-frequency signals with a preselected threshold value, and, when the detected signals exceed the threshold value, applying a disabling pulse to temporarily reduce the dc power level to zero, and thereby suppress the arcing condition.
  • the present invention represents a significant advance in the field of control systems for resistive loads, such as lighting loads.
  • the invention provides a novel technique for the auto ⁇ matic suppression of switching arcs in dc circuitry.
  • Other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following more detailed description, taken in conjunction with the acco - panying drawings .
  • the present invention is concerned with control circuitry for direct-current loads, such as lighting loads.
  • direct-current loads such as lighting loads.
  • dc power in lighting controllers has significant advantages, such as elimination of power-frequency noise in lighting equipment, and a high output voltage that eliminates the need for booster transformers in large lighting systems, the switching of large direct currents can result in serious arcing problems. Arcing not only affects the lighting loads still connected to the power supply, but causes serious and cumulative damage to switch contacts.
  • arcing conditions are detected and automatically suppressed by the temporary disconnection of power from all of the loads, without significant effect on the lighting conditions, and before significant damage can occur to the switch contacts at which arcing is occurring.
  • the circuitry includes a rectifier circuit 14, a filter circuit 16, an arc detection circuit 18, and a load circuit 20.
  • the three phase lines 10 are connected to a three-phase circuit breaker 22A and in parallel to a second three-phase circuit breaker 22B.
  • the power conversion cir- cuitry comprises two symmetrical sections, which will be referred to as the A section and the B section. Suffixes A and B are used on reference numerals to indicate the section to which a component belongs.
  • the first circuit breaker 22A is connected, in turn, to the anode terminals of three silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs) 24A.
  • SCRs silicon controlled rectifiers
  • the cathode terminals of the SCRs 24A are connected in common to a single output line 26A.
  • the other circuit breaker 22B has its three terminals connected to the cathodes of three SCRs 24B, and the anodes of these SCRs are connected in common to a single output line 26B.
  • a diode 28A has its anode connected to the neutral line 12 and its cathode connected to the output line 26A.
  • Another diode 28B has its cathode connected to the neutral line 12 and its anode connected to the output line 26B.
  • Output line 26A is connected to one terminal of a series inductor 30A, the other terminal of which 'provides one output from the filter section 16, on line 26A 1 .
  • the filter circuit 16 also includes a shunt capacitor 32A connected between line 26A' and the neutral line 12.
  • a symmetrical arrangement is provided on the other output line 26B, which is connected to a series inductor 3OB to output line 26B 1 , with a shunt capacitor 32B connected between line 26B' and the neutral line 12.
  • Output line 26A" and the neutral line 12 are connected through the arc detection circuit 18 to a first lamp load 20A and output line 26B 1 and the neutral line 12 are connected through the arc detec ⁇ tion circuit 18 to a second lamp load 2OB.
  • the three A-section SCRs 24A function as a three-phase half- wave rectifier to supply direct current to the lamp load 20A, and the other three SCRs 24B similarly act as a three-phase half-wave rectifier to supply direct current to the other lamp load 2OB.
  • Each of the SCRs 24A has a gate electrode 34A and each of the SCRs 24B has a gate electrode 34B.
  • the gate electrodes are controllable in a conventional manner to vary the output voltage on output lines 26A* and 26B-.
  • Each SCR must have a bias voltage applied to its gate electrode for conduction to take place. Basically, each SCR is in a conductive state from the time that a signal is applied to its gate electrode until the time that the voltage between its anode and cathode reaches a zero point. Control of the signal applied to the gate electrode allows the production of a "chopped" ac current waveform through the SCR, and this effects control of the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 14. These "chopped" ac waveforms, of which there are three overlapping versions, one for each phase, are filtered to an. approximately flat dc waveform by the action of the filter circuit 16.
  • the B-section SCRs 2 B operate in the same manner as the SCRs 24A, except that they conduct only in the negative-going halves of the input power signals.
  • Control of the gate signals to achieve a desired output voltage is effected by any suitable technique, the details of which are not pertinent to the present invention. This is shown in the figure by the presence of a controller 36, which receives as inputs the levels of the output voltages on lines 26A 1 and 26B 1 and control signals on line 38 indica- tive of the desired output voltage levels. Output signals from the controller 38 are transmitted over lines 40A and 40B to the two sets of gate electrodes 34A and 34B.
  • the loads 20A and 2OB are typically balanced, but the desired output voltages may not necessarily be identical.
  • the lighting loads 20A and 2OB are switched on and off by switches 42A and 42B, it being under ⁇ stood that there may be multiple lamps in the loads and corresponding multiple switches.
  • arcing can and usually does occur in the switches 42, and it is the function of the arc detection circuitry to sense when an arcing condition occurs.
  • the phenomenon surrounding the formation of a switching arc is not completely under- stood but is known to produce high frequency current components in the load lines while the arcing is occurring. If the switch 42A is arcing, a high-fre ⁇ quency component will be present in both the line 26A and the neutral line 12.
  • high-frequen- cy signals can also be induced in power lines by external sources, and some means must be provided to distinguish between the two types of high-frequency signals.
  • the arc detection circuitry 18 also per ⁇ forms this function.
  • the arc detection circuitry 18 includes a transformer 50A connected in the A-section load lines and a transformer 50B connected in the B-section load lines.
  • the transformer 50A has two primary windings 52A and 54A, one of which (52A) is connected in series in the output line 26A' and the other of which is connected in a branch 12A of the neutral line 12.
  • the primary windings 52A and 54A are wound in oppo ⁇ site directions, so that an externally induced high- frequency signal would affect the two windings in opposite senses, resulting in cancellation.
  • B-section load lines including a transformer 50B, two primary windings 52B and 54B connected in lines
  • the output signals from the A-section arc detector, on lines 58A, are connected as one input to a comparator circuit 60A, which compares the peak or the average value of the detected high-frequency signals with a selected thresheold value input on lines 62A.
  • An output signal is generated on line 64A whenever the detected high-frequency signals exceed the selected threshold value.
  • This output signal on line 64A is used to trigger a one-shot circuit 66A, which generates a pulse output on line 68A.
  • the pulse output is sustained for a preselected period of time, such as one tenth- of a second, chosen 'as the time required to ensure the extinction of an switching arc.
  • the output of the one-shot circuit 66A is connected by line 68A to a disabling circuit 70A in the line 40A to the gate electrodes of the SCRs 24A.
  • the disabling circuit 70A may take any convenient form, but is shown diagrammatically as an AND gate having line 68A as one inverted input.
  • line 68A provides a disabling input to the AND gate and the control signals applied to the gate elec ⁇ trodes of the SCRs 24A are temporarily reduced to zero.
  • Similar circuitry is provided for the B-section arc suppression circuitry, including a comparator 60B with additional input lines 62B and output line 64B, a one-shot circuit 66B with output line 68B, and a disabling circuit 70B connected in line 40B.
  • the present invention represents a significant advance in the field of dc controllers for loads such as lighting loads.
  • the invention provides a method and means for automatically detect ⁇ ing and suppressing switching arcs, thereby avoiding t one of the most serious disadvantages , of dc power supply systems used to control lighting loads. It will also be appreciated that, although an embodiment of the invention has been described in detail for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be limited except as by the appended claims.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Abstract

Un appareil et un procédé correspondant servent à supprimer les arcs de commutation de circuits à courant continu (cc). Des charges à résistance, telles que des charges d'éclairage (20), alimentées en cc par un circuit de redressement (14) et par un circuit de filtrage (16) sont exposées à l'amorçage d'arcs lors de leur mise sous tension. L'invention comprend un circuit (18) de détection d'arc ayant un transformateur (50) avec deux enroulements primaires (52 et 54) et un enroulement secondaire (56). Les enroulements primaires sont enroulés dans des sens opposés pour éliminer les effets de signaux alternatifs induits extérieurement tout en détectant des signaux de haute fréquence provoqués par l'amorçage d'arcs. Les signaux détectés d'amorçage d'arcs sont comparés avec un seuil dans un comparateur (60), et le résultat est utilisé pour déclencher un générateur (66) d'impulsions à coup unique dont la sortie est appliquée à un circuit d'invalidation (70) connecté de façon à invalider des signaux de commande de porte appliqués au circuit de redressement. Le circuit de redressement est ainsi temporairement mis hors tension et l'amorçage d'arcs automatiquement supprimé.
PCT/US1986/000565 1985-03-18 1986-03-18 Technique de suppression d'arcs WO1986005651A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US71301785A 1985-03-18 1985-03-18
US713,017 1985-03-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1986005651A1 true WO1986005651A1 (fr) 1986-09-25

Family

ID=24864437

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1986/000565 WO1986005651A1 (fr) 1985-03-18 1986-03-18 Technique de suppression d'arcs

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0215917A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986005651A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2177561B (en) * 1985-07-04 1989-05-10 Terence Frank Hart Electrical arc fault detector
WO1995025374A1 (fr) * 1994-03-16 1995-09-21 Alpha Real Ag Procede permettant de proteger une installation electrique, notamment une installation a tension continue, par ex. une installation photovoltaique, et unite de detection pour cette installation
EP0828409A3 (fr) * 1996-09-06 1999-05-12 Everbrite Inc. Appareil pour détecter des défauts de tube lumineux et d'alimentation de puissance même en l'absence de courants de défaut à la terre
EP1014527A3 (fr) * 1998-12-23 2002-03-06 FISHER & PAYKEL LIMITED Système de protection de défauts pour élément de chauffage d'un conduit respiratoire
WO2013083414A3 (fr) * 2011-12-05 2013-12-05 Abb Technology Ag Procédé d'élimination d'un arc électrique généré par au moins une source de tension simple d'un circuit onduleur

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8418836B2 (en) 2010-05-07 2013-04-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Universally adjustable star wheel

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3588673A (en) * 1968-04-29 1971-06-28 Cohu Electronics Inc Multilevel solid state dc voltage standard
US3784875A (en) * 1971-05-07 1974-01-08 Rank Organisation Ltd Stage lighting control units
US4204266A (en) * 1978-07-28 1980-05-20 Lorain Products Corporation Inverter drive circuit
US4219761A (en) * 1978-10-31 1980-08-26 Esquire, Inc. Incandescent lamp dimmer providing control voltage IES square law compliance correction
US4379254A (en) * 1981-03-23 1983-04-05 Andrew L. D'Orio Dimmer circuit for fluorescent lamp
US4429359A (en) * 1981-12-24 1984-01-31 General Electric Company Inverter circuit with symmetry control
US4454573A (en) * 1981-08-10 1984-06-12 Asr Servotron Ag Current regulator circuit
US4511824A (en) * 1983-07-15 1985-04-16 Goddard Robert M Parallel access memory lighting system
US4520437A (en) * 1983-07-14 1985-05-28 At&T Bell Laboratories Power conversion circuit for synthesizing a sinewave with programmed amplitude control
US4541040A (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-09-10 Doble Engineering Company Power converting
US4550276A (en) * 1982-06-14 1985-10-29 Michael Callahan Buss structures for multiscene manual lighting consoles

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3588673A (en) * 1968-04-29 1971-06-28 Cohu Electronics Inc Multilevel solid state dc voltage standard
US3784875A (en) * 1971-05-07 1974-01-08 Rank Organisation Ltd Stage lighting control units
US4204266A (en) * 1978-07-28 1980-05-20 Lorain Products Corporation Inverter drive circuit
US4219761A (en) * 1978-10-31 1980-08-26 Esquire, Inc. Incandescent lamp dimmer providing control voltage IES square law compliance correction
US4379254A (en) * 1981-03-23 1983-04-05 Andrew L. D'Orio Dimmer circuit for fluorescent lamp
US4454573A (en) * 1981-08-10 1984-06-12 Asr Servotron Ag Current regulator circuit
US4429359A (en) * 1981-12-24 1984-01-31 General Electric Company Inverter circuit with symmetry control
US4550276A (en) * 1982-06-14 1985-10-29 Michael Callahan Buss structures for multiscene manual lighting consoles
US4520437A (en) * 1983-07-14 1985-05-28 At&T Bell Laboratories Power conversion circuit for synthesizing a sinewave with programmed amplitude control
US4511824A (en) * 1983-07-15 1985-04-16 Goddard Robert M Parallel access memory lighting system
US4541040A (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-09-10 Doble Engineering Company Power converting

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2177561B (en) * 1985-07-04 1989-05-10 Terence Frank Hart Electrical arc fault detector
WO1995025374A1 (fr) * 1994-03-16 1995-09-21 Alpha Real Ag Procede permettant de proteger une installation electrique, notamment une installation a tension continue, par ex. une installation photovoltaique, et unite de detection pour cette installation
EP0828409A3 (fr) * 1996-09-06 1999-05-12 Everbrite Inc. Appareil pour détecter des défauts de tube lumineux et d'alimentation de puissance même en l'absence de courants de défaut à la terre
EP1014527A3 (fr) * 1998-12-23 2002-03-06 FISHER & PAYKEL LIMITED Système de protection de défauts pour élément de chauffage d'un conduit respiratoire
US6598604B1 (en) 1998-12-23 2003-07-29 Fisher & Paykel Limited Fault protection system for a respiratory conduit heater element
WO2013083414A3 (fr) * 2011-12-05 2013-12-05 Abb Technology Ag Procédé d'élimination d'un arc électrique généré par au moins une source de tension simple d'un circuit onduleur
KR101521063B1 (ko) 2011-12-05 2015-05-15 에이비비 테크놀로지 아게 인버터 회로의 적어도 하나의 전압 소스에 의해 구동된 전기적 아크를 제거하는 방법
RU2605082C2 (ru) * 2011-12-05 2016-12-20 Абб Текнолоджи Аг Способ устранения электрической дуги, обусловленной по меньшей мере одним источником фазного напряжения вентильного преобразователя переменного тока

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