WO1986003252A1 - Three phase separator - Google Patents
Three phase separator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1986003252A1 WO1986003252A1 PCT/GB1985/000533 GB8500533W WO8603252A1 WO 1986003252 A1 WO1986003252 A1 WO 1986003252A1 GB 8500533 W GB8500533 W GB 8500533W WO 8603252 A1 WO8603252 A1 WO 8603252A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- phase separator
- separator according
- liquid
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/02—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising gravity
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
Definitions
- This invention relates to a three phase separator design and in the preferred embodiment provides a separator suitable for separating gas, hydrocarbon liquid and water emanating from a crude oil well. It is conventional to separate the gas, hydro ⁇ carbon and aqueous phases of fluid emanating from an oil well by means of a closed horizontal vessel which, in use, is approximately half filled with liquid to provide a substantial space at the top of the vessel in which liquid particles may disengage from the gaseous phase.
- a three phase separator comprises a first, lower, vessel which in use is substantially filled with liquid and a second, upper, vessel, mounted atop and in communication with the lower vessel, in which liquid/gas disengagement is effected, the maximum cross-sectional area of the upper vessel, measured in the horizontal plane, being smaller than the maximum cross-sectional area of the lower vessel, easured in the horizontal plane.
- the upper vessel is a substantially cylindrical vessel mounted with its axis vertical.
- Incoming crude oil enters the vertical vessel horizontally through an inlet diffusing device containing baffles and/or vanes: this diffuser directs the gas and liquid generally downward into an area where the bulk of the liquid passes downwards into the lower vessel, and the gas together with small en ⁇ trained droplets or foam passes upwards past the inlet diffuser into the upper section of the vertical vessel.
- Figure 1 illustrates schematically in cross- section a first preferred embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 illustrates a second preferred embodi ⁇ ment of the invention.
- the three phase separator 1 shown in the drawing comprises a lower horizontal cylindrical vessel " 2 mounted on legs 3- I use, the rate at which liquid is removed from the vessel is controlled by level sensors 4,5 so that the vessel is maintained substanially filled with liquid, a typical working liquid level being indicated at 6 in the drawing.
- Mounted atop the horizontal vessel 2 at one end thereof is an upper cylindrical vertically extending vessel 7 -
- the vessel 7 extends from the upper surface of the vessel 2 up ⁇ wardly to a gas outlet ⁇ defined at the top end of the vertical vessel.
- An inlet passage 9 extends through the wall of the vertical vessel 7 and terminates in an inlet diffuser 10 which directs gas and liquid from the inlet passage 9 downwardly in the vessel 7 towards the surface 7 of the liquid in the horizontal vessel 2.
- gas with entrained liquid droplets or foam flows upwardly in the vessel 7 past the inlet diffuser 10 to a separator 11 mounted in the upper portion of the vertical vessel 7 - Within this separator the gas and entrained liquid or foam are separated.
- the separator may be of any suitable form, and may for example be a bundle of multicyclone separators as illustrated, or may be a chevron vane separator, or may be of any other suitable form.
- entrained liquids and solids are subjected to a spinning action causing collapse of any foam, and throwing liquids and solids to the walls of the cyclone tubes.
- Liquid and solids from the cyclone tubes drain out into a collecting hopper 12 which is connected by a drain-pipe 13 either to The horizontal vessel or to a small separate storage tank. Gas, substantially free from entrained liquids and solids, passes outwardly through the outlet 8.
- an agglomerator 14 is located in The path of upwardly flowing gas before the gas enters the separator.
- the agglomerator may be of any suitable type, and may for example consist of wire mesh or a plurality of closely spaced plates. In passing through the agglomerator any very small dispersed droplets impinge on the surface of the agglomerator and are agglomerated into larger dropletswhich either fall down into the horizontal vessel or are entrained by the gas and taken off into the multicyclone bundle for separation. Similarly, any foam entrained in the gas will be wholly or partly collapsed by the surfaces of the agglomerator.
- the hydrocarbon and water phases separate and are removed from the vessel from respective hydrocarbon and water outlets 15 > 16.
- a weir 17 is provided near the outlet end of the vessel 2, and the water/hydrocarbon interface to the left of the weir (as viewed in the drawing) is main- tained below the level of the upper edge of the weir by controlling the flow of water from the outlet 16.
- Level sensors l8,19 are provided to determine the position of the water/hydrocarbon interface. Separation of "the water from the hydrocarbon is essentially by gravity, although separation can be aided by use of a coalesing pack 20 comprising woven metallic mesh, tilted parallel plates, or opposed corrugated sheets.
- stilling baffles e.g. as illustrated at 21 and 22 are provided in the horizontal vessel to minimise the disturbing effects or surging of process flow and movements occasioned by movement of the separator structure itself, such as would be incurred if the separator was mounted on board a floating production barge or the like.
- a stilling baffle such as baffle 21, or other suitable means, be provided at the interface of the upper and lower vessels to inhibit movement of the liquid in that area. Movement of the liquid in the remainder of the lower vessel is inhibited because of the small space above the liquid surface aided by the use of optional stilling baffles such as baffle 22.
- the horizontal vessel can be pro ⁇ vided with a water jet system for clearing sand and other debris from the bottom of the vessel, sand outlets 24,25 being provided for removing such material from the horizontal vessel.
- the space between the liquid level 6 and the top of a horizontal vessel is maintained at a minimum consistent with allowing satisfactory separation of gas bubbles from the liquid within the horizontal vessel.
- Gas liberated within the horizontal vessel either flows upwardly through the vertical vessel 7, or is taken via a gas balance line 26 to an upper region of the vertical vessel 7 for removal via gas outlet 8.
- FIG. 2 a second embodiment of three phase separator is shown, parts corresponding to those of the first embodiment being marked with the same reference numerals.
- the lower vessel 2 is spherical and the upper vessel 7 is a vertical cylinder mounted centrally atop the lower vessel.
- a suitable stilling baffle (not shown) is located at the interface of the upper and lower vessels, and a weir (not shown) is provided within the lower vessel between the outlets 15, 16.
- Level sensors 28 control the rate of withdrawl of hydrocarbon and aqueous liquids to maintain the lower vessel substantially completely filled with liquid.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Cyclones (AREA)
Abstract
A separator for treating gas carrying entrained water and hydrocarbon liquid comprises a horizontal vessel (2) and a vertical vessel (7). Liquid level in the horizontal vessel is controlled so that the horizontal vessel is substantially filled with liquid. Gas with entrained liquid particles enters the vessel (7) via an inlet diffuser (10) which directs the inlet flow downwardly within the vessel (7). Gas and entrained liquid particles then flow upwardly past the diffuser (10) through an agglomerator (14) into a multicyclone bundle in which liquid and solid particles are removed. Within the horizontal vessel aqueous material separates to the bottom of the vessel and is removed via an outlet (16) whilst hydrocarbon material flows over a weir (17) and is removed via an outlet (15).
Description
THREE PHASE SEPARATOR
This invention relates to a three phase separator design and in the preferred embodiment provides a separator suitable for separating gas, hydrocarbon liquid and water emanating from a crude oil well. It is conventional to separate the gas, hydro¬ carbon and aqueous phases of fluid emanating from an oil well by means of a closed horizontal vessel which, in use, is approximately half filled with liquid to provide a substantial space at the top of the vessel in which liquid particles may disengage from the gaseous phase.
Such separators must be of substantial size, and, becuase of the large free space above the liquid are susceptible to the formation of waves in the liquid phases due to flow surges or movement of the vessel. According to the present invention a three phase separator comprises a first, lower, vessel which in use is substantially filled with liquid and a second, upper, vessel, mounted atop and in communication with the lower vessel, in which liquid/gas disengagement is effected, the maximum cross-sectional area of the upper vessel, measured in the horizontal plane, being smaller than the maximum cross-sectional area of the lower vessel, easured in the horizontal plane.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention the upper vessel is a substantially cylindrical vessel mounted with its axis vertical. Incoming crude oil enters the
vertical vessel horizontally through an inlet diffusing device containing baffles and/or vanes: this diffuser directs the gas and liquid generally downward into an area where the bulk of the liquid passes downwards into the lower vessel, and the gas together with small en¬ trained droplets or foam passes upwards past the inlet diffuser into the upper section of the vertical vessel. The invention will be better understood from the following description of preferred embodiments thereof, given by way of example only, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 illustrates schematically in cross- section a first preferred embodiment of the invention; and Figure 2 illustrates a second preferred embodi¬ ment of the invention.
The three phase separator 1 shown in the drawing comprises a lower horizontal cylindrical vessel "2 mounted on legs 3- I use, the rate at which liquid is removed from the vessel is controlled by level sensors 4,5 so that the vessel is maintained substanially filled with liquid, a typical working liquid level being indicated at 6 in the drawing. Mounted atop the horizontal vessel 2 at one end thereof is an upper cylindrical vertically extending vessel 7 - The vessel 7 extends from the upper surface of the vessel 2 up¬ wardly to a gas outlet δ defined at the top end of the vertical vessel. An inlet passage 9 extends through the wall of the vertical vessel 7 and terminates in an inlet diffuser 10 which directs gas and liquid from the inlet passage 9 downwardly in the vessel 7 towards the surface 7 of the liquid in the horizontal vessel 2.
After flowing initially downwardly from the diffuser 10, gas with entrained liquid droplets or foam, flows upwardly in the vessel 7 past the inlet diffuser
10 to a separator 11 mounted in the upper portion of the vertical vessel 7 - Within this separator the gas and entrained liquid or foam are separated. The separator may be of any suitable form, and may for example be a bundle of multicyclone separators as illustrated, or may be a chevron vane separator, or may be of any other suitable form. In the preferred multicyclone separators entrained liquids and solids are subjected to a spinning action causing collapse of any foam, and throwing liquids and solids to the walls of the cyclone tubes. Liquid and solids from the cyclone tubes drain out into a collecting hopper 12 which is connected by a drain-pipe 13 either to The horizontal vessel or to a small separate storage tank. Gas, substantially free from entrained liquids and solids, passes outwardly through the outlet 8.
Optionally, an agglomerator 14 is located in The path of upwardly flowing gas before the gas enters the separator. The agglomerator may be of any suitable type, and may for example consist of wire mesh or a plurality of closely spaced plates. In passing through the agglomerator any very small dispersed droplets impinge on the surface of the agglomerator and are agglomerated into larger dropletswhich either fall down into the horizontal vessel or are entrained by the gas and taken off into the multicyclone bundle for separation. Similarly, any foam entrained in the gas will be wholly or partly collapsed by the surfaces of the agglomerator.
Within the horizontal vessel 2 the hydrocarbon and water phases separate and are removed from the vessel from respective hydrocarbon and water outlets 15> 16. In order to prevent water from flowing through the hydro¬ carbon outlet a weir 17 is provided near the outlet end of the vessel 2, and the water/hydrocarbon interface to the left of the weir (as viewed in the drawing) is main- tained below the level of the upper edge of the weir by
controlling the flow of water from the outlet 16. Level sensors l8,19 are provided to determine the position of the water/hydrocarbon interface. Separation of "the water from the hydrocarbon is essentially by gravity, although separation can be aided by use of a coalesing pack 20 comprising woven metallic mesh, tilted parallel plates, or opposed corrugated sheets.
Preferably stilling baffles e.g. as illustrated at 21 and 22 are provided in the horizontal vessel to minimise the disturbing effects or surging of process flow and movements occasioned by movement of the separator structure itself, such as would be incurred if the separator was mounted on board a floating production barge or the like. It is particularly preferred that a stilling baffle such as baffle 21, or other suitable means, be provided at the interface of the upper and lower vessels to inhibit movement of the liquid in that area. Movement of the liquid in the remainder of the lower vessel is inhibited because of the small space above the liquid surface aided by the use of optional stilling baffles such as baffle 22.
If desired, the horizontal vessel can be pro¬ vided with a water jet system for clearing sand and other debris from the bottom of the vessel, sand outlets 24,25 being provided for removing such material from the horizontal vessel.
In use, the space between the liquid level 6 and the top of a horizontal vessel is maintained at a minimum consistent with allowing satisfactory separation of gas bubbles from the liquid within the horizontal vessel. Gas liberated within the horizontal vessel either flows upwardly through the vertical vessel 7, or is taken via a gas balance line 26 to an upper region of the vertical vessel 7 for removal via gas outlet 8. By main- taining a minimum clearance above the liquid in the
horizontal vessel the effects of movement of the support structure and the effects of waves caused by flow surges are minimised, enabling effective separation of oil, liquid, and gas to be carried out in a lighter and more compact separator than was possible with the prior art. Referring now to Figure 2 a second embodiment of three phase separator is shown, parts corresponding to those of the first embodiment being marked with the same reference numerals. In the Figure 2 embodiment the lower vessel 2 is spherical and the upper vessel 7 is a vertical cylinder mounted centrally atop the lower vessel. A suitable stilling baffle (not shown) is located at the interface of the upper and lower vessels, and a weir (not shown) is provided within the lower vessel between the outlets 15, 16. Level sensors 28 control the rate of withdrawl of hydrocarbon and aqueous liquids to maintain the lower vessel substantially completely filled with liquid.
Claims
1. A three phase separator for separating an inlet flow comprising gas, hydrocarbon liquid and aqueous liquid, into gas, hydrocarbon, and aqueous outlets, the separator comprising: a first, lower vessel which in use is substantially filled with liquid and a second, upper, vessel, mounted atop and in communication with the lower vessel, in which liquid/gas disengagement is effected, the maximum cross-sectional area of the upper vessel, measured in the horizontal plane, being smaller than the maximum cross-sectional area of the lower vessel, measured in the horizontal plane.
2. A three phase separator according to claim 1 wherein the inlet flow enters the upper vessel inter- mediate the top and bottom thereof via an inlet diffuser which directs the inlet flow downwardly within the upper vessel.
3. A three phase separator according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the upper portion of the upper vessel is provided with a separator for separating entrained material from the gas flow.
4. A three phase separator according to claim 3 wherein the separator comprises a plurality of multicyclone separators.
5. A three phase separator according to claim 3 or claim 4 wherein a droplet agglomerator is located up- stream of the separator.
6. A three phase separator according to claim 5 wherein the agglomerator is located above the inlet diffuser.
7* A three phase separator according to any preceding claim wherein a gas pipe connects the top of the lower vessel to an upper region of the upper vessel.
8. A three phase separator according to any preceding claim wherein the lower vessel contains a plurality of stilling baffles.
9. A three phase separator according to any preceding claim wherein a stilling baffle is provided at the interface of the upper and lower vessels.
10. A three phase separator according to any preceding claim wherein the bottom of the lower vessel includes at least one solid matter outlet and water jet means are provided for moving solid matter from the floor of the vessel to the solid matter outlet.
11. A three phase separator according to any preceding claim wherein a weir extends from the floor of the lower vessel up to an edge below the top of the lower vessel, the aqueous fluid level on the inlet side of the weir being maintained below the level of the weir so that only hydrocarbon liquid crosses the weir.
12. A three phase separator according to any preceding claim wherein the upper vessel is a cylindrical vessel mounted with its axis vertical.
13« A three phase separator according to any preceding claim wherein the lower vessel is a cylindrical vessel with its axis horizontal.
14- A three phase separator according to any of claims 1 to 12 wherein the lower vessel is spherical.
15. A three phase separator substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8429313 | 1984-11-20 | ||
| GB848429313A GB8429313D0 (en) | 1984-11-20 | 1984-11-20 | Three phase separator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1986003252A1 true WO1986003252A1 (en) | 1986-06-05 |
Family
ID=10570001
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1985/000533 WO1986003252A1 (en) | 1984-11-20 | 1985-11-20 | Three phase separator |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB8429313D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1986003252A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5308384A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1994-05-03 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Deaeration vessel |
| WO1997027928A3 (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-10-23 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Device and method for agglomerating and precipitating particles in a gas stream |
| US7014757B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 | 2006-03-21 | Process Equipment & Service Company, Inc. | Integrated three phase separator |
| CN107701230A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-02-16 | 张培 | A kind of automatically controlled automatic slag-discharging water draining device of gas drainage system of coal mine |
| US11136873B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2021-10-05 | Kustom Koncepts, Inc. | Skid mounted oil well production processing system |
| CN116181306A (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-05-30 | 北京科力丹迪技术开发有限责任公司 | Three-phase separator with automatic drainage structure and use method thereof |
| WO2023102466A1 (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-06-08 | Occidental Oil And Gas Corporation | System and method for separating gases from oil production streams |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3312044A (en) * | 1964-03-23 | 1967-04-04 | Neill Tank Company Inc O | Means for treating oil well production |
| US3360903A (en) * | 1965-07-19 | 1968-01-02 | Combustion Eng | Treatment of oil well production |
| DE1271655B (en) * | 1964-07-08 | 1968-07-04 | Donald A Sillers Jun | Device for reducing the particle content of and the pulsations in a gas flow |
| EP0018168A2 (en) * | 1979-04-11 | 1980-10-29 | The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. | Separator for separating oil and gas |
-
1984
- 1984-11-20 GB GB848429313A patent/GB8429313D0/en active Pending
-
1985
- 1985-11-20 GB GB08617801A patent/GB2178977A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-11-20 WO PCT/GB1985/000533 patent/WO1986003252A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3312044A (en) * | 1964-03-23 | 1967-04-04 | Neill Tank Company Inc O | Means for treating oil well production |
| DE1271655B (en) * | 1964-07-08 | 1968-07-04 | Donald A Sillers Jun | Device for reducing the particle content of and the pulsations in a gas flow |
| US3360903A (en) * | 1965-07-19 | 1968-01-02 | Combustion Eng | Treatment of oil well production |
| EP0018168A2 (en) * | 1979-04-11 | 1980-10-29 | The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. | Separator for separating oil and gas |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5308384A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1994-05-03 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Deaeration vessel |
| WO1997027928A3 (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-10-23 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Device and method for agglomerating and precipitating particles in a gas stream |
| US6007593A (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1999-12-28 | Dullien, Francis A.L. | Device for agglomerating and precipitating particles in a gas stream |
| US6099622A (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 2000-08-08 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Method for agglomerating and precipitating particles |
| US7014757B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 | 2006-03-21 | Process Equipment & Service Company, Inc. | Integrated three phase separator |
| US11136873B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2021-10-05 | Kustom Koncepts, Inc. | Skid mounted oil well production processing system |
| US11428090B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2022-08-30 | Kustom Koncepts, Inc. | Skid mounted oil well production processing system |
| US11549350B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2023-01-10 | Kustom Koncepts, Inc. | Skid mounted oil well production processing system |
| CN107701230A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-02-16 | 张培 | A kind of automatically controlled automatic slag-discharging water draining device of gas drainage system of coal mine |
| WO2023102466A1 (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-06-08 | Occidental Oil And Gas Corporation | System and method for separating gases from oil production streams |
| CN116181306A (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-05-30 | 北京科力丹迪技术开发有限责任公司 | Three-phase separator with automatic drainage structure and use method thereof |
| CN116181306B (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-08-22 | 北京科力丹迪技术开发有限责任公司 | Three-phase separator with automatic drainage structure and use method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8429313D0 (en) | 1984-12-27 |
| GB8617801D0 (en) | 1986-08-28 |
| GB2178977A (en) | 1987-02-25 |
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