WO1986002846A1 - Apparatus for controlling permeation of a compound through a membrane - Google Patents
Apparatus for controlling permeation of a compound through a membrane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1986002846A1 WO1986002846A1 PCT/GB1985/000510 GB8500510W WO8602846A1 WO 1986002846 A1 WO1986002846 A1 WO 1986002846A1 GB 8500510 W GB8500510 W GB 8500510W WO 8602846 A1 WO8602846 A1 WO 8602846A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- patient
- membrane
- treatment
- substance
- field
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 6
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000018997 Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010051696 Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000012659 Joint disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003276 anti-hypertensive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011394 anticancer treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003637 steroidlike Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000000232 Lipid Bilayer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 206010033675 panniculitis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 210000004304 subcutaneous tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010033557 Palpitations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124558 contraceptive agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003433 contraceptive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004207 dermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002651 drug therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002631 hypothermal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009220 hypothermia therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M31/00—Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
- A61M31/002—Devices for releasing a drug at a continuous and controlled rate for a prolonged period of time
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Synthetic bilayered vehicles, e.g. liposomes or liposomes with cholesterol as the only non-phosphatidyl surfactant
Definitions
- This invention relates to apparatus and a method for controlling permeation of a compound through a membrane and ha3 particular, but not exclusive application to the controlled release of a therapeutic agent into a patient.
- the present invention provides apparatus for controlling permeation of a compound such as a biologically active agent through a 3emi-permeable membrane in which an electromagnetic field is applied to the membrane in such as manner as to control or modify the rate of permeation of the compound through the membrane.
- vesicles formed of a lipid biylayer are implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of a patient and thereafter a rf electromagnetic field is applied to the patient from a portable battery driven transmitter device which may be strapped to the skin of the patient externally.
- the rf field is typically selected to be in the 26 MHz range and is of a field strength which does not produce significant bulk tissue heating. Typically the field
- a vesicle formed of a lipid bilayer is known as a liposome and is described for example in "The Design and Characterisation of Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes 11 Majin R. L. and einstein J. N. "Liposome Technology 1984 volume 3 p.p. 137-155 CRC Press, Florida, USA.
- the membrane of lipids molecules is arranged in such a manner that they display a semi-permeable characteristic to certain compounds ' contained within the bilayer envelope.
- Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a liposome containing a biologically active agent
- Figure 2 shows treatment of an arm of a patient with an rf transmitter so as to control release of a biologically active agent from a liposome
- Figure 3 is a magnified sectional view of the arm of the patient.
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the transmitter shown in Figure 3.
- a liposome is shown in schematic section. It consists of a lipid bilayer consisting of layers 1, 2. The liposome is shown in cross section so as to illustrate the position of the lipids 3 within the inner and outer layers.
- the liposome contains a biologically active agent 4 selected to perform a particular treatment as will be explained in more detail hereinafter.
- one of more liposomes is inserted under the skin of a patient by the use of a local anaesthetic. Typically, this is achieved by forming a subcutaneous pouch by surgery, inserting the liposome into the pouch and then closing the wound.
- the puch may conveniently by formed in a limb, e.g. an arm as shown in Figure 2.
- FIG. 3 shows a section taken along the line X-X of Figure 2.
- the patients skin consists of the outer layer or epidermis 5, the underlying dermis 6, adipose tissue 7 and subcutaneous tissue 8.
- Liposomes 9 of the type shown in Figure 1 are placed in the subcutaneous tissue by the surgical procedure just described.
- the liposome may be configured so that in the absence of an applied rf field, a very low rate of release of the biologically active agent 4 occurs through the lipid bilayer.
- a rf field of a a predetermined strength is applied, the rate of release of the agent 4 is increased substantially.
- the rf transmitter device is a portable battery driven device carried by the patient on his or her skin.
- a convenient form of device is disclosed in my US Patents mentioned hereinbefore.
- a non-portable rf device may be utilised for example at the bed ⁇ ide if the patient is hospitalised.
- a schematic circuit diagram for the transmitter device shown in Figure 3 is given in Figure 4.
- the device is driven by a battery 10 and includes an oscillator 11 which may run at a frequency of 24.2 MHz.
- the output of the oscillator 11 is fed to a modulator 12 which may be used to pulse modulate the output so a,s to increase efficacy of the treatment.
- Use of the modulator is optional.
- the output of the modulator is fed to a timer circuit which may cause the rf field to be applied only at particular times during the day.
- the timer circuit 13 is described in more detail in my Patents aforesaid.
- the output of the timer is fed to an antenna which conveniently is in the form of a printed circuit or a coaxial cable loop attached to the skin of the patient.
- the circuit may be controlled by a monitor 15 which is used to monitor the amount of agent 4 released into the patient.
- the monitor 15 can operate in a variety of different ways depending on the treatment being effected. For example, if the biologically active agent 4 is selected for treatment of diabetes e.g. insulin, the monitor 15 can test urine content. Other non-infasive or semi-infasive means may be used for monitoring the release of the agent 4.
- the patient is able to determine themselves from their own physical feeling that treatment should be started, for example, the patient may start palpitations, sweating etc depending on the patients condition to be treated. The patient would then in response to these physical conditions switch on the transmitter device so as to cause release of the therapeutic agent 4 to treat the condition.
- the battery 10 may be rechargeable or exchangeable depending on the treatment required.
- the invention permits an improved control of slow release drug treatments and will bring relief to many hardened sufferers of chronic pharmaceutical ingestion.
- the invention is believed also to have benefit to injection treatment patients such as insulin in diabetics.
- the controlled treatment according to the invention permits a way of ensuring that the patient may receive the correct prescribed treatment without recourse to the patients memory.
- the timer 13 can arrange for predetermined release periods for a drug throughout the day. This is particularly useful for the elderly who may either not take treatments that are necessary on a regular basis of conversely they may take too much because they cannot recally how many pills have been swollowed.
- the ability of the rf device to affect the permeability of the liposome and thus the dose level in the blood stream has a very significant advantage in treatment management.
- the anti-cancer drug therapy is temporarily modulated with other forms of a treatment such as hypothermia or radio-therapy, the present invention advances the efficiency of drug delivery very considerably.
- the invention also permits a far greater freedom for patients when only intermittent treatment is required for example once a week or once a day.
- the ability to control the does by altering the permeability of the liposome affords a much safer margin of management of the patient than has been possible hitherto.
- Clinical examples of pathologies for which the present invention has application are as follows: Diabetes, steroid treatment, hormone treatment, anti- cancer treatment, pain relief, long term antibiotic treatment, non-steroidal preparations in joint disease and other conditions, growth hormone and anti- hypertensive treatments.
- the semi-permeable membrane is exemplified by a liposome, other forms Of semi- permeable membrane may be utilised.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
An implant consists of a semi-permeable membrane, typically in the form of a liposome (1, 2) containing a biologically active agent (4). Release of the agent is controlled by applying a rf field externally, so as to modify the permeability characteristics of the liposome as presented to the agent. The rf field may be applied from a portable transmitter (10-14) carried by the patient. A timer may be included to control dosage periods.
Description
APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING PERMEATION OF A COMPOUND THROUGH A MEMBRANE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to apparatus and a method for controlling permeation of a compound through a membrane and ha3 particular, but not exclusive application to the controlled release of a therapeutic agent into a patient.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
It has previously been proposed to package a biologically active agent in a lipid bilayer vesicle and to implant the vesicle into a patient so as to produce a slow release of the agent into the patient through the bilayer over a long period of time e.g. six months to one year. Contraceptives have been administered in this manner.
A disadvantage of this arrangement is that the rate of release of the biologically active agent cannot be controlled easily once the vesicle has been implanted in the patient. The present invention seeks to provide a more controllable release of such a biologically active agent.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides apparatus for controlling permeation of a compound such as a biologically active agent through a 3emi-permeable membrane in which an electromagnetic field is applied to the membrane in such as manner as to control or modify the rate of permeation of the compound through the membrane.
In a preferred method according to the invention, vesicles formed of a lipid biylayer are implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of a patient and thereafter a rf electromagnetic field is applied to the patient from a portable battery driven transmitter device which may be strapped to the skin of the patient externally. The rf field is typically selected to be in the 26 MHz
range and is of a field strength which does not produce significant bulk tissue heating. Typically the field
strength is of the order of 100 microwatts cm _2
measured at the 3kin of the patient. A suitable form of transmitter device which can be applied externally to the sking of the patient is disclosed in my US
Patent No. 4 429 698; 4 412 540; 4 471 787.
A vesicle formed of a lipid bilayer is known as a liposome and is described for example in "The Design and Characterisation of Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes11 Majin R. L. and einstein J. N. "Liposome Technology 1984 volume 3 p.p. 137-155 CRC Press, Florida, USA. The membrane of lipids molecules is arranged in such a manner that they display a semi-permeable characteristic to certain compounds ' contained within the bilayer envelope.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order that the invention may be more fully understood embodiments thereof will now be described by
way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-
Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a liposome containing a biologically active agent;
Figure 2 shows treatment of an arm of a patient with an rf transmitter so as to control release of a biologically active agent from a liposome;
Figure 3 is a magnified sectional view of the arm of the patient; and
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the transmitter shown in Figure 3.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Referring to Figure 1, a liposome is shown in schematic section. It consists of a lipid bilayer consisting of layers 1, 2. The liposome is shown in cross section so as to illustrate the position of the lipids 3 within the inner and outer layers. The liposome contains a biologically active agent 4 selected to perform a
particular treatment as will be explained in more detail hereinafter.
In use, one of more liposomes is inserted under the skin of a patient by the use of a local anaesthetic. Typically, this is achieved by forming a subcutaneous pouch by surgery, inserting the liposome into the pouch and then closing the wound. The puch may conveniently by formed in a limb, e.g. an arm as shown in Figure 2.
Referring now to Figure 3> this shows a section taken along the line X-X of Figure 2. The patients skin consists of the outer layer or epidermis 5, the underlying dermis 6, adipose tissue 7 and subcutaneous tissue 8. Liposomes 9 of the type shown in Figure 1 are placed in the subcutaneous tissue by the surgical procedure just described.
In accordance with the present invention it has been appreciated that by application of a rf electromagnetic field to the liposomes 9, it is possible to control the rate at which the biologically active agent 4 is r.eleaaed. through the semi-permeable membrane formed by the vesicle bilayer 1, 2. Thus, the liposome may be
configured so that in the absence of an applied rf field, a very low rate of release of the biologically active agent 4 occurs through the lipid bilayer. However, when a rf field of a a predetermined strength is applied, the rate of release of the agent 4 is increased substantially. Thus, by the application of the rf field, it is possible to control the rate of release and hence the biological effect of the agent 4.
Conveniently the rf transmitter device is a portable battery driven device carried by the patient on his or her skin. A convenient form of device is disclosed in my US Patents mentioned hereinbefore. Alternatively, a non-portable rf device may be utilised for example at the bedβide if the patient is hospitalised.
A schematic circuit diagram for the transmitter device shown in Figure 3 is given in Figure 4. The device is driven by a battery 10 and includes an oscillator 11 which may run at a frequency of 24.2 MHz. The output of the oscillator 11 is fed to a modulator 12 which may be used to pulse modulate the output so a,s to increase efficacy of the treatment. Use of the modulator is optional. The output of the modulator is fed to a
timer circuit which may cause the rf field to be applied only at particular times during the day. The timer circuit 13 is described in more detail in my Patents aforesaid.
The output of the timer is fed to an antenna which conveniently is in the form of a printed circuit or a coaxial cable loop attached to the skin of the patient. Furthermore, the circuit may be controlled by a monitor 15 which is used to monitor the amount of agent 4 released into the patient. The monitor 15 can operate in a variety of different ways depending on the treatment being effected. For example, if the biologically active agent 4 is selected for treatment of diabetes e.g. insulin, the monitor 15 can test urine content. Other non-infasive or semi-infasive means may be used for monitoring the release of the agent 4.
In certain situations, the patient is able to determine themselves from their own physical feeling that treatment should be started, for example, the patient may start palpitations, sweating etc depending on the patients condition to be treated. The patient would then in response to these physical conditions switch on
the transmitter device so as to cause release of the therapeutic agent 4 to treat the condition.
The battery 10 may be rechargeable or exchangeable depending on the treatment required.
It will be appreciate that the invention permits an improved control of slow release drug treatments and will bring relief to many hardened sufferers of chronic pharmaceutical ingestion. The invention is believed also to have benefit to injection treatment patients such as insulin in diabetics. The controlled treatment according to the invention permits a way of ensuring that the patient may receive the correct prescribed treatment without recourse to the patients memory. Thus, the timer 13 can arrange for predetermined release periods for a drug throughout the day. This is particularly useful for the elderly who may either not take treatments that are necessary on a regular basis of conversely they may take too much because they cannot recally how many pills have been swollowed.
In some circumstances, such as for example anti-cancer drug treatment where a more ordered delivery of drug may be required or where the drug is not itself eaβily amenable to continuous slow release, the ability of the rf device to affect the permeability of the liposome and thus the dose level in the blood stream has a very significant advantage in treatment management. In case where the anti-cancer drug therapy is temporarily modulated with other forms of a treatment such as hypothermia or radio-therapy, the present invention advances the efficiency of drug delivery very considerably.
The invention also permits a far greater freedom for patients when only intermittent treatment is required for example once a week or once a day. The ability to control the does by altering the permeability of the liposome affords a much safer margin of management of the patient than has been possible hitherto.
Clinical examples of pathologies for which the present invention has application are as follows:
Diabetes, steroid treatment, hormone treatment, anti- cancer treatment, pain relief, long term antibiotic treatment, non-steroidal preparations in joint disease and other conditions, growth hormone and anti- hypertensive treatments.
Whilst in the foregoing, the semi-permeable membrane is exemplified by a liposome, other forms Of semi- permeable membrane may be utilised.
Claims
1. Apparatus for controlling permeation of a substance through a membrane, comprising
a semi-permeable membrane;
a substance on one side of the membrane to permeate therethrough
and means for applying an electromagnetic field to the membrane in such a manner as to control or modify the rate of permeation of the substance through the membrane,
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said membrane comprises at least part of a container and said substance comprises a biologically active agent within the container.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said membrane comprises a lipid layer.
4. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said container comprises a liposome.
5. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the therapeutic agent is for at least one of the following: diabetes treatment, steroid treatment, hormone treatment, anti-cancer treatment, pain relief, long term antibiotic treatment, anti-hypertensive treatment.
6. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the therapeutic agent is selected from the group comprising: insulin, non-steroidal preparations for treatment of joint disease, growth hormone.
7. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said electromagnetic filed applying means comprises a device for emitting a rf eletromagnetic field.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the device is portable.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the device is adapted to be carried by a patient to control release of said substance through the membrane when implanted in the patient.
10. Apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the device includes means for modifying the filed strength of the applied rf field in a predetermined manner over a period of time.
11. Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said device includes timer means for sequentially switching said rf field on and off in a timed treatment pattern.
12; Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said device i3 arranged to emit a rf field of a strength which produces no substantial bulk tissue heating for the patient.
13. Apparatus according to claim 9 including means for monitoring the release of the substance into the patient, said device being responsive to said monitoring means.
14. A method of controlling release of a biologically active agent into a patient, wherein the agent is held in a container formed of a semi-permeable membrane arranged within the patient, comprising applying to the patient an electromagnetic filed which modifies the permeability characteristics of the membrane so as to modify the rate of release of the agent.
15. A method according to claim 14 including applying a rf electromagnetic field to the patient externally thereof from a portable transmitter device.
16. A method according to claim 14 wherein the container is inserted into a subcutaneous pouch formed in the patient by surgery.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8428222 | 1984-11-08 | ||
| GB848428222A GB8428222D0 (en) | 1984-11-08 | 1984-11-08 | Quantifying interaction of induced currents |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1986002846A1 true WO1986002846A1 (en) | 1986-05-22 |
Family
ID=10569433
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1985/000510 WO1986002846A1 (en) | 1984-11-08 | 1985-11-08 | Apparatus for controlling permeation of a compound through a membrane |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0198914A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS62501475A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU588263B2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8428222D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1986002846A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996029025A1 (en) * | 1995-03-23 | 1996-09-26 | Advanced Animal Technology Limited | Substance delivery device |
| EP0759162A4 (en) * | 1994-05-10 | 1998-01-07 | Univ Illinois | STRUCTURES WITH FIELD-SENSITIVITY TRANSMISSION |
| US6317630B1 (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2001-11-13 | Yossi Gross | Drug delivery device |
| WO2002074355A1 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-26 | Dot Gmbh | Calcium phosphate materials containing active ingredients |
| EP1435920A4 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2007-01-24 | Durect Corp | Flow regulator |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU614092B2 (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 1991-08-22 | Paul Max Grinwald | Improved method and apparatus for enhanced drug permeation of skin |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3608549A (en) * | 1970-01-15 | 1971-09-28 | Merrill Edward Wilson | Method of administering drugs and capsule therefor |
| FR2455458A1 (en) * | 1979-05-02 | 1980-11-28 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | LIPOSOMES CONTAINING AN ACTIVE SUBSTANCE, IN PARTICULAR AN ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF A MEDICINAL PRODUCT |
| EP0076074A1 (en) * | 1981-09-24 | 1983-04-06 | BENTALL, Richard Hugh Cameron | Device for applying a high frequency electromagnetic field to living tissue to promote healing thereof |
| US4412540A (en) * | 1980-11-10 | 1983-11-01 | Bentall Richard Hugh Cameron | Method for high frequency electromagnetic therapy |
-
1984
- 1984-11-08 GB GB848428222A patent/GB8428222D0/en active Pending
-
1985
- 1985-11-08 JP JP60505012A patent/JPS62501475A/en active Pending
- 1985-11-08 WO PCT/GB1985/000510 patent/WO1986002846A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-11-08 EP EP19850905638 patent/EP0198914A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-11-08 AU AU50698/85A patent/AU588263B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3608549A (en) * | 1970-01-15 | 1971-09-28 | Merrill Edward Wilson | Method of administering drugs and capsule therefor |
| FR2455458A1 (en) * | 1979-05-02 | 1980-11-28 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | LIPOSOMES CONTAINING AN ACTIVE SUBSTANCE, IN PARTICULAR AN ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF A MEDICINAL PRODUCT |
| US4412540A (en) * | 1980-11-10 | 1983-11-01 | Bentall Richard Hugh Cameron | Method for high frequency electromagnetic therapy |
| EP0076074A1 (en) * | 1981-09-24 | 1983-04-06 | BENTALL, Richard Hugh Cameron | Device for applying a high frequency electromagnetic field to living tissue to promote healing thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Vol. 94, No. 13, June 1981 (Columbus, Ohio, US) R.L. MAGIN et al.: "Selective Delivery of Drugs in "Temperature-Sensitive" Liposomes", see page 383, Abstract No. 214519r, & Liposomes Immunobiol. Proc. Natl. Symp. 1980, 315-25 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0759162A4 (en) * | 1994-05-10 | 1998-01-07 | Univ Illinois | STRUCTURES WITH FIELD-SENSITIVITY TRANSMISSION |
| WO1996029025A1 (en) * | 1995-03-23 | 1996-09-26 | Advanced Animal Technology Limited | Substance delivery device |
| US6436069B1 (en) | 1995-03-23 | 2002-08-20 | Advanced Animal Technology Limited | Substance delivery device |
| US6317630B1 (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2001-11-13 | Yossi Gross | Drug delivery device |
| WO2002074355A1 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-26 | Dot Gmbh | Calcium phosphate materials containing active ingredients |
| EP1435920A4 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2007-01-24 | Durect Corp | Flow regulator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU588263B2 (en) | 1989-09-14 |
| GB8428222D0 (en) | 1984-12-19 |
| AU5069885A (en) | 1986-06-03 |
| EP0198914A1 (en) | 1986-10-29 |
| JPS62501475A (en) | 1987-06-18 |
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