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WO1986001996A1 - Prothese oculaire - Google Patents

Prothese oculaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986001996A1
WO1986001996A1 PCT/AU1985/000237 AU8500237W WO8601996A1 WO 1986001996 A1 WO1986001996 A1 WO 1986001996A1 AU 8500237 W AU8500237 W AU 8500237W WO 8601996 A1 WO8601996 A1 WO 8601996A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
prosthesis
pupil
ocular
display
ocular prosthesis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1985/000237
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Clifford Roy Trefry
Iain Godfrey Saul
Original Assignee
Taylor & Trefry Pty. Ltd.
Ocular Prosthetics Pty. Limited
Consolidated Technology Pty. Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Taylor & Trefry Pty. Ltd., Ocular Prosthetics Pty. Limited, Consolidated Technology Pty. Ltd. filed Critical Taylor & Trefry Pty. Ltd.
Publication of WO1986001996A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986001996A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses or corneal implants; Artificial eyes
    • A61F2/141—Artificial eyes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ocular prosthesis or, as more commonly designated, an artifical eye.
  • Artifical eyes have been in use for many years. When a natural eye has been removed from the orbit (socket), it has been known to replace the natural eye in the orbit with an ocular prosthesis or artifical eye. An artifical eye has been made from a variety of materials and for many years glass was used. More recently, artifical eyes have been made from plastics material such as polymethyl methacrylate.
  • An ocular prosthesis may take any of a variety of shapes. In one common form, it has been made somewhat in the shape of a hemisphere.
  • the anterior part of the prosthesis presents a substantially hemispherical or domed surface which, when the prosthesis is properly positioned in the orbit, rests against the lining of the eyelids and usually permits normal opening and closing of the eyelids.
  • That section of the anterior wall of the prosthesis which corresponds to the cornea of a natural eye is transparent and visible through the corneal section are representations of other parts of a natural eye (e.g. lens, iris, pupil, blood vessels, etc.).
  • the posterior surface of the prosthesis may be somewhat flattened and non-planer and is shaped with the object of mating with the tissue defining the internal surfaces of the orbit so that the orbital muscles, which were effective to initiate and control movement of the natural eye, would also be effective to give similar movement to the prosthesis.
  • an ocular prosthesis is formed with a substantially domed anterior external surface having a section thereof corresponding to the cornea of a natural eye, representations of the pupil and other parts of a natural eye visible through the corneal section of the prosthesis and a display associated with the representation of the pupil adapted to be differentially activated by incident light falling on the corneal section of the prosthesis to create the impression that the pupil dilates or contracts in changing light conditions.
  • the display is a liquid crystal display.
  • the ocular prosthesis of the invention is more animated than previously was the case.
  • Fig. 1 is a side sectional view of an ocular prosthesis according to one embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a side view of the liquid crystal display apparatus which is positioned within the ocular prosthesis shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is . an exploded isometric view showing parts of the liquid crystal display apparatus in greater detail
  • Fig. 4 is a view along 4-4 of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 is a block diagram schematically illustrating how various parts co-operate.
  • the ocular prosthesis illustrated in Fig. 1 is formed with an anterior wall 1 and a posterior wall 2 with a hollow space 3 therebetween.
  • the anterior wall 1 is shaped to provide a somewhat hemispherical or domed surface which, when the prosthesis is in position in the orbit, rests against the inner lining of the eyelids.
  • the anterior wall 1 has a humped transparent section 4 which is visible between open eyelids and represents the cornea of a natural eye. All of the apparatus for simulating a dilating pupil is housed between anterior wall 1 and posterior wall 2.
  • anterior wall 1 and posterior wall 2 are normally attached to one another by way of a joint 5, which is preferably stepped, and the parts joined by a suitable adhesive.
  • a joint 5 which is preferably stepped, and the parts joined by a suitable adhesive.
  • the walls may be separated should maintenance or adjustment be required to the apparatus housed therein.
  • the apparatus for simulating a dilating pupil includes a liquid crystal display assembly 6 shown in block form in Fig. 1 and mounted immediately behind transparent corneal section 4.
  • the liquid crystal display assembly 6 may have an axial bore 7 along which incident light falling on the corneal section 4 of the prosthesis may pass to be registered by a photoelectric cell 8.
  • Photoelectric cell 8 which may be mounted at the back of liquid crystal display assembly 6, or in a cavity therein, is connected to a micro chip 9 which is powered by a battery 10.
  • Micro chip 9 is in turn connected to liquid crystal display apparatus 6, prefer ⁇ ably by way of trimmer 11.
  • the liquid crystal display assembly 6 preferably takes the form illustrated in Fig. 2, wherein the assembly 6 is rotated by 90°. When mounted within the prosthesis, the upper portion of assembly 6 is adjacent the corneal section 4. As shown in Fig. 2, a liquid crystal layer 16 is sandwiched between thin layers of indium tin oxide 17 and 18, which layers are transparent and conductive, and each comprises a plurality of discrete areas as is shown in Fig. 3. The liquid crystal layer 16 and the indium tin oxide layers 17 and 18 are in turn sandwiched between thin layers of glass 19 and 20. As shown, glass layers 19 and 20 are offset with respect to one another to provide access to the indium tin oxide layers 17 and 18.
  • Representations of various parts of a natural eye are painted at 21 on the exposed surface of glass layer 19 and are visible through transparent corneal section 4.
  • Covering the painted representation is a clear layer 22 of polariser material.
  • a similar polariser layer 23 is applied to the exposed surface of glass layer 20.
  • Polariser layer 23 may be covered by an aluminised reflective layer 24.
  • One or both polariser layers 22 and 23 may be omitted if a dichroic liquid crystal is employed.
  • a coloured dye is mixed with the liquid crystal.
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded isometric view showing glass layer 19 with indium tin oxide layer 17 on its lower face and glass layer 20 with indium tin oxide layer 18 on its upper face.
  • the liquid crystal layer is not shown.
  • the indium tin oxide layer 17 has a central circular area 31 and concentric substantially annular areas 32, 33 and 34. Each of the areas 31, 32, 33 and 34 are separated from an adjacent area by a gap of approximately 3 to 4 microns.
  • the indium tin oxide areas 31 to 34 are connected to indium tin oxide contact areas 35 to 38, respectively.
  • References 41 to 48 indicate corresponding parts of indium tin oxide layer 18. When assembled, areas 31 to 34 are aligned with areas 41 to 44.
  • central areas 31 and 41 are aligned with the small black circular painted area represent ⁇ ing a contracted pupil in the painted representation 21.
  • the black painted pupil area is smaller than the areas 31 and 41 and appears to lie concentrically within those areas.
  • Indium tin oxide contact areas 35 to 38 are displaced by 180° from the contact areas 45 to 48. As glass layers 19 and 20 are offset with respect to one another, all of the contact areas are exposed for access.
  • Zebra strips 39 and 49 connect contacts 35 to 38 and 45 to 48 to contacts on printed circuit boards 40 and 50, respectively.
  • a zebra strip is formed by vertically conductive elasto ⁇ meric sections separated by non-conductive elastomeric sections. The resulting sandwich has no conduction in the horizontal plane, only conduction in the vertical plane.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the manner in which indium tin oxide contacts 45 to 48 on glass layer 20 are connected via zebra strip 49 to contacts 51 to 54 on printed circuit
  • Zebra strip 40 electrically connects contact 45 to 51, contact 46 to 52, contact 47 to 53 and contact 48 to 54.
  • the contacts are shown spaced from the zebra strip for the sake of clarity. There is no electrical connection, for example, between contacts 45 and 52 or between contacts 45 and 46.
  • Part of the printed circuit is shown on the upper face of printed circuit board 50.
  • areas 31 to 34 and 41 to 44 of indium tin oxide layers 17 and 18 may be energised with an alternating voltage that may take the form of a square wave of frequency 60Hz.
  • an alternating voltage that may take the form of a square wave of frequency 60Hz.
  • corresponding areas 31 and 41 are energised with the same alternating voltage, there will be no alternating electric field across the liquid crystal between areas 31 and 41 and hence no activation of the liquid crystal between areas 31 and 41.
  • Energisation of layer 41 with an alternating voltage of the same frequency and amplitude, but of different phase, to that applied to area 31 will create an alternating electric field between areas 31 and 41, thus activating the liquid crystal between areas 31 and 41 only.
  • Energisation of areas 32 and 42 in a similar manner will separately activate the liquid crystal between those layers and so on.
  • Activation of the liquid crystal between corresponding areas in sequence may be effected by a series of voltage comparators comparing the output of the photoelectric cell with fixed voltages that may be internally generated by the integrated circuit or may be generated by the trimmer.
  • Each voltage comparator may have a reference voltage corresponding to the voltage output of the photo ⁇ electric cell at certain light levels. When that light level is reached, the output voltage of the comparators may activate the liquid crystal between the appropriate corresponding areas 31 to 34 and 41 to 44, respectively.
  • the liquid crystal between areas 32 and 42 is additionally activated simulating further dilation of the pupil. This process continues until all of the liquid crystal between the indium tin oxide layers is activated and appears blackened. This process thus gives the impression of a dilating pupil under decreasing light conditions. In increasing light conditions, the reverse process gives the impression of a contracting pupil.
  • Trimmer 11 may be employed to vary the switching of the display rings to match the apparent dilation of the pupil of the prosthesis with the dilation of the pupil of the wearer's natural eye.
  • Trimmer 20 may take the form of a tiny rheostat connected between micro chip 9 and printed circuit boards 40 and 50.
  • the ocular prosthesis may be made by obtaining an impression of the patient's orbit and making a corresponding mould.
  • the mould is divided into two portions, representing the anterior portion and the posterior wall.
  • the apparatus simulating a dilating pupil is positioned in the anterior portion of the mould together with a scleral mixture.
  • the apparatus for simulating the dilating pupil is moulded in position.
  • the anterior portion of the pros ⁇ thesis is then hollowed out around the moulded-in apparatus to the required wall thickness. Suitable measures are taken during the moulding and/or hollowing steps so that there is access to various parts such as trimmer 11 and battery 10.
  • the hollow space formed in the anterior portion of the prosthesis is made as large as possible thereby minimising the weight of the prosthesis. That, in turn, maximises the prospect that the orbital muscles will be able to move the prosthesis to the same extent as the move ⁇ ment of the wearer's natural eye.
  • the posterior wall 2 of the prosthesis is preferably moulded to the desired wall thickness and does not have to be hollowed.
  • Corresponding stepped ridges are cut around the perimeters of the two portions to facilitate joining and the two portions are attached together by means of an adhesive.
  • bore 7 may be omitted.
  • the central portion of the painted area may be left unpainted to allow light to reach the photoelectric cell 8.
  • only one of the indium tin oxide layers 17 and 18 comprises discrete concentric areas, the other may be a continuous layer.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

Dans une prothèse oculaire (oeil artificiel) des représentations de la pupille (6) et d'autres parties d'un oeil naturel sont visibles à travers la partie cornéenne (4) de la prothèse. Un affichage est associé à la représentation de la pupille (6) et est actionné de manière différentielle par la lumière incidente qui tombe sur la partie cornéenne (4) de la prothèse pour créer l'impression que la pupille (6) se dilate ou se contracte en fonction des variations des conditions de lumière. L'affichage peut être à cristaux liquides et peut être actionné de manière à provoquer l'apparition d'un ou plusieurs anneaux concentriques noirs autour de la représentation de la pupille. La lumière incidente peut être mesurée par une cellule photoélectrique (8) logée dans la prothèse.
PCT/AU1985/000237 1984-09-28 1985-09-30 Prothese oculaire WO1986001996A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPG7375 1984-09-28
AU737584 1984-09-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1986001996A1 true WO1986001996A1 (fr) 1986-04-10

Family

ID=3698049

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1985/000237 WO1986001996A1 (fr) 1984-09-28 1985-09-30 Prothese oculaire

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0197072A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986001996A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5108427A (en) * 1991-01-07 1992-04-28 Majercik Stephen M Active pupillary prosthesis
EP0782031A1 (fr) * 1995-12-29 1997-07-02 ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL (Compagnie Générale d'Optique) Lentille oculaire artificielle multifocale à transparence variable avec l'éclairement
WO2011134081A1 (fr) * 2010-04-26 2011-11-03 Corporation De L ' Ecole Polytechnique De Montreal B.R.C.D.T. Œil prothétique comportant une pupille dynamique à cristaux liquides
WO2014110190A3 (fr) * 2013-01-09 2015-01-29 Sloan Kettering Institute For Cancer Research Prothèse oculaire ayant un dispositif d'affichage

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB175212A (en) * 1921-04-15 1922-02-16 Gustave Taylor Improvements in pupils of artificial eyes
US4272910A (en) * 1979-07-31 1981-06-16 Danz W R Ocular prosthetic or the like
US4332039A (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-06-01 Lafuente Henry Ocular prosthesis which simulates change in pupil diameter

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB175212A (en) * 1921-04-15 1922-02-16 Gustave Taylor Improvements in pupils of artificial eyes
US4272910A (en) * 1979-07-31 1981-06-16 Danz W R Ocular prosthetic or the like
US4332039A (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-06-01 Lafuente Henry Ocular prosthesis which simulates change in pupil diameter

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5108427A (en) * 1991-01-07 1992-04-28 Majercik Stephen M Active pupillary prosthesis
EP0782031A1 (fr) * 1995-12-29 1997-07-02 ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL (Compagnie Générale d'Optique) Lentille oculaire artificielle multifocale à transparence variable avec l'éclairement
FR2743154A1 (fr) * 1995-12-29 1997-07-04 Essilor Int Lentille oculaire artificielle multifocale a transparence variable avec l'eclairement
US6017121A (en) * 1995-12-29 2000-01-25 Essilor International Compagnie Generale D'optique Multifocal artificial ocular lens with a transparency varying with illumination
US6224210B1 (en) 1995-12-29 2001-05-01 Essilor International Compagnie Generale D'optique Multifocal artificial ocular lens with a transparency varying with illumination
WO2011134081A1 (fr) * 2010-04-26 2011-11-03 Corporation De L ' Ecole Polytechnique De Montreal B.R.C.D.T. Œil prothétique comportant une pupille dynamique à cristaux liquides
WO2014110190A3 (fr) * 2013-01-09 2015-01-29 Sloan Kettering Institute For Cancer Research Prothèse oculaire ayant un dispositif d'affichage
US10820986B2 (en) 2013-01-09 2020-11-03 Sloan Kettering Institute For Cancer Research Ocular prosthesis with display device
US20210045865A1 (en) * 2013-01-09 2021-02-18 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Ocular Prosthesis with Display Device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0197072A1 (fr) 1986-10-15

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