USRE666E - James wood - Google Patents

Description

' PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES NVDO-D, 0F PITTSBURG,PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNEE, BY MESN E ASSIGNMENTS, OF YVILLIAM KENYON.

` `IMPROVEMENTS I N MACHINES FOR MAKING NUTS, WASHERS, 81.6.I

Specification forming part of Letters .PatetNa 8.427, dated October 14, 185i; Reissue No. 361.. dated v March 18, 1856; Reissue No. 666, dated February 15, 1359.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that WiLLIAM KENYON, of Steubenville, in the county of Jefferson and State of Ohio, has invented certain new and useful Improvements i-n the Manufacture of Wrought-l ron Nuts for Bolts 5 and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, vreference being had to the annexed drawings, forming part of this specification, in Which- Figure l is a .top v iew of the machine used for mak-ing nuts. Fig. 2 is an end view thereof. Fig. 3 isa sectional elevation or side view just inside of the side frame of the machine. Fig. 4 is an elevation or side view outside of the frame. Fig.5 is an end view showing the shape and position of the stationarydie. Figs'. 6 and 7 are respectively a side' and end View of the bracket and moving die. Figs. 8. 9.10,' and 11 are longitudinal sectional elevations through thexeenter ofthe machine, exhibiting the relative position and shape ofthe dies and punch. Fig. 8 shows the position ofthe dies, punch, bracket, &c., before the heated bar of iron is inserted, the punch not being fully drawn back. Fig. 9 shows the position of parts when a blank has been severed from the bar of iron and forced into the close die-box. Fig. l0 shows the position ofparts while the blank is heilig com pressed and before it is punched, exhibiting the forcing of the surplus iron into the path of the punch in the compressingdies. Fig. 11 shows the position of parts after the nut is punched and before the withdrawal of the round punch. Fig. 12 shows the appearance of a blank, (or nut after 'it is pressed and before it is punched,) being the shape given to it bythe machine when the punch and dies are in the position shown in Fig. l0.

In the several -iigures like letters of reference-denote similar parts of the machine.

His invention consists in the mode, hereinafter described, of manufacturing nuts. for screw-bolts, ot' considerable thickness, by machinery, by subjecting the blank of which the nut is to be fo1med,at a welding-heat, to compression between swages or dies,'in a close diebox or matrix, for the purpose of weldin g up any imperfections inthe iron and giving a uniform and symmetrical shape to the nut, and

punching it by forcing a punch'lthroughitv f while it 'is thus compressed, thus preventing the Abursting or rending vasunder ot' the fibers of the iron, or'vany other injury which the nut might sustain by the passage through it of the punch, if it were not thus sustained bythe sides of the die-box and forcibly compressed between the swages or dies, and in the combination and arrangements of the compressingdies, punch, andl die-box for manufacturinghotpressed nuts, in the manner hereinafter de` scribed; also, inso constructing and arranging the dies that any excess .of iron in the"l 'blank shall beforced into the path of the punch and be removed by the -punch without endangering the breaking'of the dies or other parts ot the'machine, and securing the formation of nuts of nearly uniform size, density,

and weight.

To 'enable others skilled in the art to` make and use the machina-I willproceed to describe its construction and operation.

The'frame-work of the machine is represented by A A, Fig. l.

B is the cam-shaft by whichthe machine is operated. On the cam-shaft are three cams placed side by side--one, H, in the center ot' the machine, which operates the round punch,

and two others, C C, on either side of H. The

cams C G are t of equal strokd), ate the die-box.

D D are cam-yokes surrounding the outer cams, U C. l

similar size and shape and and work in unison to oper I is a simil-ar cam-yoke surrounding the een ter cam, H. The outer camlyokts, G C, are connected by rods G G to the shoving-head F, which works back and fort-h in the V slides o o. Io the shoving head Fis attache(J a frame, N, holding a die-box, M. rIhis diebox M vis a strong block of steel, through which, at right angles to its face, is a hole 'ot' the precise diameter and shape of the nuts to be made by it, (whether square, hexagonal, or other required form.) The sides Aof this dieboX are smooth and polished so as to give a tine surface to the nuts.

pressed forward exactly fills the die box, as

seen in Fig. 8.` The fece of this movable die P corresponds with the shape to be given to A movable die, I),l is fitted closely into the die-box- M, and when the lower' surface of the nuts. Itis perforated with a ro'und hole, V, through which works the punch L for punching the eye of the nut. The end of the moving die P rests against the bracket Q., which works in slides R R on the tloor of the frame of the machine. 'Neither the moving die l? nor the bracket Q receive motion immediately from-the cams, not being rigidly attached to any part of the machine, the die Punoving w-ithpthe shoving-head F, and the diebox, (excepting when it comes in contact with the bracket (2,) and the bracket Q, proiectingupward into thespace E in the shoving-head back of the moving die P, remains stationary until it (the bracket) comes in contact with the shoving-head at either end of the space E.

'lhe center cam, H, is a cut-off cam, and is designed to give the round punch L aquiek backward and forward motion at the moment that the nut is fully pressed and before that pressure is discontinued. J is a strong iron bar or connecting-rod connecting the cam-yoke I of the cam H with the round punch L. The punch L fits into the .round hole V in the moving die l?, and also into a corresponding hole, U, in the stationary die T. The barJ is sustained by and slides in rests K K, and the end of the round punch L is supported by the moving die l", in which it works. T is a stationary punch, which fits exactly into the matrix or die-box M, when the die-'box M, being pushed forward by the shoving-head F, passes, as a sleeve, over the stationary die T. The names stationary die77 T and moving die Pare used instead of punch 7 and mandrel to. avoid confusion, reserving the name punch 7 for the round punch L for better dis' tinction.

Havingthus described the several parts of the machine, I will proceed to explain its operation and the objectsit is designed to accomplish. l

The machine thus constructed isdesigned to make nutsfor screw-bolts out of bars of iron heated to a welding-heat by severing from the bar a blank between the die-box M and the stationaryr die T, forcing it into the die-box Mfand while it is sustained laterally by the sides of the close die-box M, and on one face by the stationary dieT, squeezing or compressing it between the compressingsurfaccs ofthe stationary die and moving die, and then punchingv the eye during the continua-nce of this pressure. The importance of the compression of the blank out of which the nut is to be made arises from the fact that imperfections frequently exist in bars of rolledor wrought iron, making itnecessary to compact the fiber of the iron andgveld up all seams, iissures, or other iinperl'ec`tionswhich, it' allowed to remain in the finished nuts, would seriously. impair their strength and render them unsafe whenever, they have, to sustain great pressure or strain, as is the case Where they are used in. the construction of bridges, locomotives, and machinery generally. The

compression of the blank is also necessary to weldup any imperfections or twisting of the iron caused by severing the blank while red? `hot and forcing it into the d.iebox. In order to prevent the straining and bursting of the I nut, which would otherwise ensue 1n passing the round punch through it to form the eye, it is necessary to continue the pressure of the nut within the close die-box between the compressingsurfaces of the moving and stationl ary dies during the process of punching and until the punch is withdrawn from the nut. During this compression it is also necessary that the nut should be confined in a strong and close die-box in order that its sides may be sustained; otherwise the compression on its upper and lower surface would serve but te press the blank out Aand reduce its thickness without accomplishing the important object above stated. The compressing-surfaces of the moving die P and stationary die T, being in parallel planes, serve to hold the nut straight in the die-box and prevent it tilting over, and thus secure the passage of the round punchL (which forms the eye of the nut) through the nut at right angles to its upper and lower faces; or, it' it is designed to make a nut with a skew face-that is, to have 4the eye or :hole at any other than a right angle to its facc-this is secured by giving the requisite inclination to the compressing-faces of the moving and stationary dies. This compression of the nut in the close die-box between the movin g and stationary dies and continuing the pressure during the process of punching notonly accomplishes the results above stated, forming a strong and compact nut, but also lgives great smoothness and nish tothe eye of the nut, and'also to its exterior surface, thus making nuts of uniform size and weight and smooth and handsome nish.

The peculiar arrangement and construction of this machine obviate a diiiiculty which would be experienced in attempting topuneh the nut before pressure by forcing the "blank over a'vstatiouary punch and then pressing ity' around the punch within the diebex, where the bar of iron is so thick as not to bear comu.

pression to the required thickness of the nut. lt is important that the bar of iron from which the nut is to be made should not be at all thinner than the distance between the compressing faces of the movable and stationary dies at thepoint of greatest compression, because the nut would notin that case be pressed at all and would be ruined by punching. lf, on the other hand, the bar of iron were at all too thick, and the nut were pressed in a close die-box around the punch, there being noescape for the excess of iron, the machine would either 'stop or be broken, or the diebox would burst when the cam passed the center at the point' of greatest compression. This difiiculty is obvia-ted by pressing the blank in the close die box, between the compressingfsurfaces of the moving and stationary dies before the round punch is advanced to the die-box.

ses 3 A thelno'vingfdic P, as seen in Fig. 9, andwhen the blank is compressed between the d iesM and T (see Fig. l0) the surplus iron which will not compress into the body of the-nut is allowed .to.1escape,being squeezed outliuto 'th'e round hole forming the path ofthe punch inthe moving and stationary dies. This makes the 'uut before it -is punched ot' the' -shape shown in Fig. '12, with la projection or nipple on either or bot-h sides where the eye is to be,

which is subsequently removed by the punch. Thus the useof iron which is a little over thick insures the requisite amount of pressure on the nuts. This plan also serves to give veilt for any fixed air, or the coarser particles of metalLwhich may be squeezed into the core and removedlin .the punching, 'and the blank, thus highly coinpressed'in the close die-box and betweenv the dies, cannot -be strained, burst, o'r otherwise injured by the passage of the punch throug'h it, and the hole through whichv the excess of iron is forced being s o small in comparison with the w-hole nut that' it does not in any way interfere to preveit the' full and complete compression of the iron and welding up of all imperfections. The use oi' a movable instead of a stationary punch also obviatcs the difficulty of the softening of the punch 'by overheating, which would occur if the hot nut were forced over and pressed n around it in the iirst instance.

The operation ot' the machine is as follows: Vhenftllc several parts 0i the machine are in the position shown in Fig, 8, (excepting that the round punch L should be drawn a little farther back within the moving die P), the bar of iron of which the nuts are to be made at a welding-heat is inserted through the slot S (seen in Fig. l) in the side of the machine until theend of the bar rests against the face of the stationary die T or of the moving die P, the space betweenthe stationary die T and moving die P being regulated, as occasion mayrequire, Aso as readily to admit the insertion of the bar of iron between them. In this position ofthe parts of the machine the shoving-head F yis drawn fully back, and with it the diebcx M and moving die P, the moving die P being forced into the die-box M by contact with the bracket` Q, so that the face of the moving die is tlush with the edges of The bracket Q has a very short,

movement between the points l and 2 in Fig. d0. The heated bar of iron being inserted, as just stated, a partial revolution of the carnshait B causes the outer cams@ G,to advance the shovinghead F, and with it thc diebox M, toward the stationary die T. p The brackct Q remains stationary, as also does the mov- Y ing die P, whichrests against it, while the die-box M advances from' the bracket Q toward the stationary. die T, and, pressingthe heated bar of' iron against the stationary die T, severs from it a'A blank for' the nut.' 'The die-box M (s till advancing) forces the. blank (severed from the heated b'ar by the ed ges of the stationary d ieT and die-box M) to enter the die-box,` theblank being sustained by the movable die lP andystatiouary die T, and thus prevented from tilting or. getting out of place in the' die-box M: .-As the blank' enters the die-box M,the movableidie P reinai ns -stationary while the die-box M isadvancing asa sleeve over the movable'and stationary dies,I

which hold the blank between them, thc movable die P being still prevented from receding by the bracket Q. XVhen the blank hasl fully entered the diebox, or, strictly; speaking, when the die-box has passed over the blank which is held between the two dies, vas seen in Fig. 9, the shoviiig-head .F has advanced so far toward the stationary die T that the rear edge ot' the space E now touches the bracket Q, and the shoving-head F, still advancing with the die-box M, 'presses the bracket Q valso forward,causing the movable die Pto advance in the die box M. toward the stationary die T, and now the' pressure ofi the blank-ba.

tween the ,dies T and P inside the close die-box M commences, and increases until the shov-` 'die P to advance in it, and that it is only when I the shoving-head F presses against the bracket Q that this ei'cct is produced. The blank being thus strongly squeezed or compressed between the dies Tand P, while itsgides are sustained by the sides of the die-box M,the surplus metal is forced into the holes in the dies T and P, being the path' of the punch L. The center cam, H, at this point begins to act on the bar J, giving to it a rapid forward and backward motion, the forward motion of the bar J causing the sudden passage of the punch L through the moving die P and through,l the blank into the stationary die T, while the com As the4 shoving head F is drawn backward,

the back of the movable die P, projecting from the die'box M behind and restingv against the bracket Q, causes the bracket Q to recede as tar back as it can go-that is, from 2 to l 4 ses Fig. 10. The bracket Q and die I? then, of course, remain stationary, but thedie-box M still receding with its shovinghead F, the bracket Q, forces the movable die P up inthe die-box until it comes even with the face of the die-box, when the nut drops out, thef machine assuming its first position.

The operation just. described is' performed lin one. revolution of the cam-shaft B, which may be made to revolve as rapidly as the iron bar can be fed in.

The machine as described, has dies Working horizontally; but itis manifest that'it may be arranged to work perpendicularly,if preferred, or the punch .be made to move through the stationary instead of the movabledie, without altering the principle or impairing the action of the machine. So, also, there may be various modications ,in the construction and arrangement of the parts of the machine which it is unnecessary to describe, and also in the order ot'operation,as by commencin gt-he compression of the nut after the passage through it of the screw-punch, which is a lnere inodication, accomplishing thesame result, though notso well. 1t is neessary, however, that the nut should be compressed in. a closedie-box lbefore the screw-punch is withdrawnfrom it.

Having thus described WILLIAM KENYoNs improvement in the manufacture of nuts, what r I vclaim therein as his invention, and desire to secure byvLetters Patent, is-

1. Making nuts for bolts by subjecting -lthe blank of which the nutis to be formed, at a welding-heat. to compression between swages or dies in a close die-box or matrix and punching the eye of the nut during the continuance of such pressure, for the purpose of Welding up any imperfections in theiron and giving a symmetrical shape and smooth finish to the nut, and of preventing any injury to the nut which it might suer by the passage of the punch through it if it were not thus sustained pressed between thev dies. l

by the sides of the die-box and forcibly com- Y 2. The use of aldie-box, closed at the sides, for surrounding the nut and sustaining its sides while it is subjected to pressure, substantially in the manner hereinbet'ore described.

3. The combination of the compressing-dies l? and Twith the die-box M, for the purpose of compressing the nut while itl is sustained at the sides, and thus Welding upr any imperfections in the iron and compacting its fiber, so as to give strength as well as exterior finish and symmetry to the nut.

4. The combination of the punch L with the4 y die-box M and compressing-dies P and T, for the purpose of compressing, contining, and'restraining the opposite faces ofthe nut during the passage of the punch through it, and thus preventing any injury to the nut during the process of punching, and also for the purpose of insuring the making of the bore ofthe nut in the proper relative position to its upper and lower surfaces. 4

5. The combination of the die-box .M,'the compressing-dies T and P, and punch Lyconstrueted and arranged substantially as here'- inbet'ore described, for the purpose of making hot-pressed nuts at a single operation by, severing a blank from a bar of heated metal, compressing it into shape, and punching a hole or eye through it while under compression, and delivering the finished nut from the machine.

6. .Arranging the compressing-dies in relation to the punch and regulating their"rela tive motion iu such "manner, substantially as hereinbefore described, that any excess of iron in the blank shall be forced into the pathvot the punch in the compressing-dies, thus securing the compression of the nut without risk of damage to the machine.

JAMES WOOD.

Vitnesses:

MARTIN G. CUsHrNG, Ronr. W. WILSON.

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