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USPP30639P2 - Hemp plant named ‘CW2A’ - Google Patents

Hemp plant named ‘CW2A’ Download PDF

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USPP30639P2
USPP30639P2 US15/932,859 US201815932859V USPP30639P2 US PP30639 P2 USPP30639 P2 US PP30639P2 US 201815932859 V US201815932859 V US 201815932859V US PP30639 P2 USPP30639 P2 US PP30639P2
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plant
cw2a
rhs
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maturity
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Joel Stanley
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Stanley Brothers Inc
Charlottes Web Inc
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CWB Holdings Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/28—Cannabaceae, e.g. cannabis

Definitions

  • Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants that includes at least three species, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis as determined by plant phenotypes and secondary metabolite profiles. In practice however, Cannabis nomenclature is often used incorrectly or interchangeably.
  • Hemp also known as industrial hemp, is a type of Cannabis plant grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products. Hemp by definition has no more than three-tenths of one percent (i.e., 0.3%) concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC causes psychoactive effects when consumed and is typically associated with marijuana (i.e., Cannabis with higher THC contents). Hemp extracts produced from industrial hemp, such as extracts produced from ‘CW2A’, have no such psychoactive effects due to their low THC content. Values of total CBD and total THC obtained from laboratory testing of dried mature female flowers may show variance that results from differing growing environments, sampling methodologies, and testing techniques.
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • the present invention relates to a new and distinct hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) cultivar designated as ‘CW2A’.
  • Whole-plant hemp extracts from ‘CW2A’ contain an assortment of phytocannabinoids (e.g., CBD), terpenes, flavonoids and other minor but valuable hemp compounds that work synergistically to heighten effects of products produced from ‘CW2A’. This synergistic effect is sometimes referred to as the “entourage effect”.
  • ‘CW2A’ extracts can be used to produce a variety of products, including liquid and capsule forms for oral administration, topical products, cosmetic products, infused beverages, sport products and hemp-infused pet treats.
  • CBD is used for a variety of health and wellness purposes, including as a sleep aid, coping with daily stress, fighting anxiety, relieving pain, assisting with cognitive function and boosting immune health.
  • Significant research is currently being conducted at a variety of laboratories on the use of CBD as it relates to epilepsy, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), cancer, autism, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-tumor effects and anti-psychotic effects.
  • CW2A is a selection resulting from controlled-crosses using hemp germplasm from different regions of the United States.
  • the primary goal of the breeding program was to develop a new hemp variety with high cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) concentrations and low tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) concentrations in its mature female flowers.
  • CBDA cannabidiolic acid
  • THCA tetrahydrocannabinolic acid
  • the new cultivar of ‘CW2A’ was asexually reproduced via stem cuttings from vegetative and/or flowering plants, and cloning by the inventor at the inventor's greenhouses, nurseries, fields and/or facilities in Colorado Springs, Colo. and Wray, Colo. Asexual clones from the original source have been tested in greenhouses, nurseries, and/or fields. The properties of each clone from this cultivar were found to be transmissible by such asexual reproduction. The cultivar is stable and reproduces true to type in successive generations of asexual reproduction (i.e., clones from ‘CW2A’ are uniform).
  • This invention relates to a new and distinctive hemp cultivar designated as ‘CW2A’.
  • cultivar is used interchangeably with “variety”, “strain”, and/or “clone”.
  • the inventor reproduced progenies asexually by stem cutting from vegetative and/or flowering plants, and cloning.
  • the plant has been and continues to be asexually reproduced by stem cutting from vegetative and/or flowering plants, and cloning at the inventor's greenhouses, nurseries, fields and/or facilities in Colorado Springs, Colo. and Wray, Colo.
  • FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the ‘CW2A’ indoor plant at the early to mid vegetative growth stage with lateral branches and further intermodal growth as shown from above.
  • FIG. 2 shows an overall view of the ‘CW2A’ indoor plant during the mid to late vegetative growth stage as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 3 shows an overall view of the ‘CW2A’ indoor plant during the mid to late vegetative growth stage as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 4 shows an overall view of the ‘CW2A’ indoor plant at the early to mid flowering stage as shown from the side.
  • FIG. 5 shows a close view of flowers of the ‘CW2A’ indoor plant at the early to mid flowering stage.
  • FIG. 6 shows another close view of flowers of the ‘CW2A’ indoor plant at the early to mid flowering stage.
  • FIG. 7 shows an overall view of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the mid vegetative growth stage as grown in the field.
  • FIG. 8 shows a close view of flowers of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the early to mid flowering stage as grown in the field.
  • FIG. 9 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the early to mid flowering stage as grown in the field.
  • FIG. 10 shows an overall view of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the harvest maturity as grown in the field.
  • FIG. 11 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the harvest maturity as grown in the field.
  • FIG. 12 shows a close view of flowers of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the harvest maturity as grown in the field.
  • FIG. 13 shows another close view of flowers of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the harvest maturity as grown in the field.
  • CW2A has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions, and the phenotype may vary significantly with variations in environment. The following observations, measurements, and comparisons describe this plant as grown at Wray, Colo., when grown in the greenhouse, nursery or field, unless otherwise noted.
  • Plants for the botanical measurements in the present application are annual plants. In the following description, the color determination is in accordance with The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, Sixth Edition (2015), except where general color terms of ordinary dictionary significance are used.
  • CW2A is a fertile hybrid derived from a controlled-cross between proprietary cultivar ‘1AC’ as the female parent (i.e., pollen accepter) and another hemp plant as the male parent (i.e., pollen donor) originating from a feral hemp (a.k.a. ditch weed) population in Colorado with an unknown cannabinoid content (“Feral Male Parent”).
  • the lineage of proprietary female parent ‘1AC’ comprises four generational crossings.
  • the first crossing was made between a parental female from a cutting of Cannabis sativa L. originating in Colorado of unknown parentage (“First Female F 0” ) with a parental male plant (“First Male F 0 ”) which originated from a feral hemp population in Colorado with an unknown cannabinoid content.
  • First Female F 0 a parental female plant
  • First Male F 0 a parental male plant which originated from a feral hemp population in Colorado with an unknown cannabinoid content.
  • 40 seeds were germinated and developed into 24 female (“F 1 Females”) and 16 male (“F 1 Males”) plants.
  • F 3 Females For the third crossing, a single F 2 Female was chosen and crossed with a sibling of First Male F 0 . Of the resulting progeny, fifty seeds were germinated. Twenty-five seedlings were female (“F 3 Females”) and 25 were male (“F 3 Males”).
  • the fourth generation was produced by crossing two F 3 Females that displayed the most vigor and health. Both F 3 Females chosen for the cross were short and squat in stature, had medium to broad leaf structure with tight internodes of about 1 ⁇ 2 inch, and displayed a 70-75 day flowering maturity after flowering initiated.
  • the F 3 Female was chosen as the egg donor (“F 3 -e”) for the fourth generation.
  • the F 3 female was also chosen as the pollen donor (“F 3 -p”) for the fourth generation.
  • the F 3 -p female was induced to produce male flowers, thus generating pollen, using heat and erratic photoperiod stress techniques.
  • F 3 -e was pollinated by F 3 -p and generated progeny (F 4 ) that were all female with slightly different characteristics.
  • the Feral Male Parent of ‘CW2A’ was the most vigorous and healthy male with broad, palmately compound leaves and squat stature at maturity (“ indica -dominant”) which germinated from a feral hemp population. Ten seeds of the resulting offspring were germinated. Of the ten seeds, six were male and four were female. Ninety percent of all individuals exhibited resistance to pests and diseases and showed great health and vigor throughout the entire lifecycle. Nearly all of the males grew taller than the females and exhibited medium to broad leaf structure similar to indicia/sativa hybrid characteristics. The Feral Male Parent is not a genetically modified organism.
  • Plant Height 1-4 m at maturity (Unit: meter Height and shape depends on and/or feet) planting pattern such as planting date and density. With about 2 feet or less close spacing between plants, plants can be up to 10 feet tall at maturity with thinner pseudospike flower characteristics. Generally, plant height is twice as much as plant width. Width 0.4-2 m (Unit: meter) Plant vigor High The most vigorous growth in late vegetative stage before flowering stage. Time to Harvest 100-135 days Resistance to Resistant to common viruses and fungal diseases pests or diseases Susceptible to molds and mildews if grown indoors without proper ventilation and constantly maintaining greater than 60% relative humidity Susceptible to Phytophothora spp., Fusarium spp., and Pythium spp.
  • stem tissue when submerged in rooting media, including soil, rockwool, aeroponics, etc., when adequate amounts of oxygen and moisture are supplied, and ambient temperatures are between 55-75 degrees Fahrenheit with appropriate lighting conditions.
  • Plant vigor High The most vigorous growth in late vegetative stage before flowering stage. Time to Harvest 120-140 days Resistance to Resistant to most viruses and pests or diseases fungal diseases common to grain and vegetable crops Slightly susceptible to powdery mildew and Botrytis spp. if grown in greenhouses, or indoors, without proper ventilation and consistently maintaining greater than 65% relative humidity. Slightly less susceptible to Phytophothora spp., Fusarium spp., and Pythium spp. except for in greenhouse. Genetically- No modified organism
  • Leaf/Foliage Characteristics New Variety Leaf arrangement Opposite in early vegetative growth stages especially on main axis if grown from seed A tendency toward alternate arrangements on axillary branches once the flowering stage begins or when taken as a vegetative cutting typically observed Phyllotaxy depends on growth conditions and on whether individuals are derived from vegetative or seed propagation
  • Leaf shape Palmately compound
  • Leaf structure Serrated margins, lightly acicular to lanceolate leaflets, tapering to an acuminate apex
  • Leaf margins Jaggedly serrate with each tooth apex angled toward leaflet apex Apical side of tooth is concave and basal side of tooth is convex
  • RHS 144A Anthocyanin RHS 59A to 187A and
  • Petiole at maturity Up to 10′′ inches in the field with optimal growing conditions (Unit: cm or inches) and at peak vegetative growth Petiole length at 5.1 cm-10.2 cm dependingon maturity (Unit: cm) leaf type (on axillary branch node vs main axis, subtending inflorescence, immature/mature, etc.) Petiole color Between RHS145A and 145B (RHS No.) Anthocyanin N/A color and intensity in Petioles Stipule length at ⁇ 1 cm maturity (Unit: cm) Stipule shape Linear with slight curvaceous growth.
  • Stem Characteristics New Variety Stem shape Round at maturity Very slightly squared in immature axillary branches and at immature growth stages Finely pubescent and longitudinally furrowed in conjunction with the slightly square shape In later vegetative stages, still generally rounded in appearance with slight furrowing on more recent stem growth Older growth now fuller with lower parts of main stem and oldest branches now with slightly woody appearance and outer texture Stem diameter at 1.5-4 cm often multiple base (Unit: cm) stems with thinner diameters, depends on nature of initial cutting material Stem color (RHS No.) Green portions between RHS 144A and 146A at vegetative maturity and during flowering, woody colored tan lower portions of stem are close to 156A-156D Stem pith type This is highly dependent on the age and/or maturity of the stem Most mature main stem pith is thick to woody Parental variety (1AC) Characteristics (Female plant) Stem shape A smooth or slightly longitudinally furrowed texture that can vary throughout the plant.
  • RHS No. Green portions between RHS 144A
  • Pistillate compound inflorescences are congested pseudospikes with leaf-like bracts, leafy and compact, with the largest inflorescences present on dominant apical stems
  • Female flowers are small but numerous and take on the coloration present in the vegetation of the specimen (typically green); enclosed and surrounded by a fused calyx (perigonal bract), entire, beaked at the tip; unilocular ovary superior, sessile, with two long filiform stigmatic branches which are white upon emergence and later deteriorating to reddish-brown Flowers may form on the entire length of the stem; however, inflorescences are most conspicuous at the top of the plant.
  • the term “maturity”, “harvest maturity,” or “floral maturity” refers to the developmental stage at which the ‘CW2A’ plant is harvested. Persons having skill in the art will recognize maturity based on the plant's morphologies. It is also good practice to conduct periodic cannabinoid content (i.e., potency) tests throughout the development of the plant to ensure that harvest occurs at maturity.
  • the ‘CW2A’ plant is considered to be at harvest maturity when fan leaves begin to yellow, and when inflorescences begin to take on a ‘frosted’ appearance, as trichomes develop on calyxes and lower portions of bracts.
  • Trichomes from the ‘CW2A’ plant first look small and clear, but gradually enlarge, and progressively become ‘milkier’ and opaque with continued maturation, finally displaying a desiccated appearance and amber color.
  • harvest maturity is defined as the time period between the enlarged clear trichome developmental stage and the opaque/milky trichome developmental stage.
  • Amber trichomes in the ‘CW2A’ plant are an indication of overly mature trichomes.
  • the harvest maturity of the ‘CW2A’ variety is typically around 15 and 1 ⁇ 2 weeks after planting vegetative cuttings in the field. Growing conditions throughout the plant's life cycle, nutrient variations, and environmental factors can all influence the amount of time for ‘CW2A’ plants to reach harvest maturity.
  • the present disclosure uses the terms “maturity,” “harvest maturity,” and “floral maturity” interchangeably.
  • FIGS. 10-13 provide photographs of the ‘CW2A’ plant at harvest maturity.
  • the botanical descriptions disclosed herein reflect the range of phenotypical variation observed under indoor and outdoor growth conditions.
  • Total Potential THC/CBD contents presented in this document reflect the total potential (i.e., decarboxylated) THC and CBD content after decarboxylation of the THCA and CBDA contents of the sample. The formula used for this calculation is reproduced below for the Office's convenience.
  • Total THC THC+(THCA*(0.877)).
  • Total CBD CBD+(CBDA*(0.877)).
  • ‘CW2A’ When ‘CW2A’ is compared to the feral male parent (a.k.a. ditch weed), ‘CW2A’ is taller in plant height, but narrower in plant width than the feral male parent.
  • the indica -dominant feral male parent having a squat statute are shorter than ‘CW2A’ and branch wider with wider leaves than ‘CW2A’.
  • ‘CW2A’ When ‘CW2A’ is compared to the proprietary female parent (‘1AC’), ‘CW2A’ is taller in plant height, but narrower in plant width than ‘1AC’. Generally, ‘CW2A’ is twice as tall as it is wide, while ‘1AC’ has a similar ratio of plant height to width. ‘CW2A’ with 19-29 teeth of middle leaflet has narrower leaflets than ‘1AC’ with 26-37 teeth of middle leaflet. Regarding petiole length at maturity, ‘CW2A’ is in general shorter than ‘1AC’. Regarding stem diameter at base, ‘CW2A’ is in general shorter than ‘1AC’. When comparing individual flower length and compound cyme diameter, ‘CW2A’ is smaller in size than ‘1AC’.
  • ‘CW2A’ has generally a longer and thinner stigma than ‘1AC’. While ‘1AC’ does not show hermaphroditic tendency, hermaphroditic plants are observed from ‘CW2A’ depending on growth conditions. Since ‘CW2A’ branches are highly flexible, ‘CW2A’ plants lean over more than ‘1AC’ that has less flexible branches. With regard to time to harvest seeds, ‘CW2A’ shows a shorter harvest time than ‘1AC’. After stem cutting from vegetative and/or flowering plants, adventitious roots of ‘CW2A’ emerge and grow faster than ‘1AC’.
  • ‘CW2A’ When ‘CW2A’ is compared to the known Cannabis plant named ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA ’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 27,475), there are several distinctive characteristics. For example, ‘CW2A’ plant is generally taller than the ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA ’ plant. While the aroma of ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA ’ is strongly mephitic with hints of limonene, ‘CW2A’ has an earthy aromatic herbal smell with a hint of citrus and/or pine scent and a general sweetness. ‘CW2A’ stem diameter at base is greater than ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA ’. Also, individual pistillate flowers and stigma of ‘CW2A’ are longer than those of ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA ’.
  • Timing of flowering is largely dependent (if not entirely) on photoperiod.
  • temperature and humidity ranges may be decreased or increased to account for all weather conditions.
  • the timing of the flowering duration is dependent on the degrees latitude positioned on the globe. The dates are dependent on the northern or southern hemisphere. Northern Hemisphere is used below:
  • temperature and time ranges may be decreased or increased to account for location change.

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Abstract

The present invention provides a new and distinct hemp cultivar designated as ‘CW2A’.

Description

Latin name of genus and species: Cannabis sativa L.
Variety denomination: ‘CW2A’.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants that includes at least three species, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis as determined by plant phenotypes and secondary metabolite profiles. In practice however, Cannabis nomenclature is often used incorrectly or interchangeably.
Hemp, also known as industrial hemp, is a type of Cannabis plant grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products. Hemp by definition has no more than three-tenths of one percent (i.e., 0.3%) concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC causes psychoactive effects when consumed and is typically associated with marijuana (i.e., Cannabis with higher THC contents). Hemp extracts produced from industrial hemp, such as extracts produced from ‘CW2A’, have no such psychoactive effects due to their low THC content. Values of total CBD and total THC obtained from laboratory testing of dried mature female flowers may show variance that results from differing growing environments, sampling methodologies, and testing techniques.
The present invention relates to a new and distinct hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivar designated as ‘CW2A’. Whole-plant hemp extracts from ‘CW2A’ contain an assortment of phytocannabinoids (e.g., CBD), terpenes, flavonoids and other minor but valuable hemp compounds that work synergistically to heighten effects of products produced from ‘CW2A’. This synergistic effect is sometimes referred to as the “entourage effect”. ‘CW2A’ extracts can be used to produce a variety of products, including liquid and capsule forms for oral administration, topical products, cosmetic products, infused beverages, sport products and hemp-infused pet treats.
Despite Cannabis being consumed since at least the third millennium BC, complete scientific corroboration for uses of CBD are still in their infancy. Industry reports suggest CBD is used for a variety of health and wellness purposes, including as a sleep aid, coping with daily stress, fighting anxiety, relieving pain, assisting with cognitive function and boosting immune health. Significant research is currently being conducted at a variety of laboratories on the use of CBD as it relates to epilepsy, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), cancer, autism, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-tumor effects and anti-psychotic effects.
‘CW2A’ is a selection resulting from controlled-crosses using hemp germplasm from different regions of the United States. The primary goal of the breeding program was to develop a new hemp variety with high cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) concentrations and low tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) concentrations in its mature female flowers. Of the females tracing back to the original cross, the healthiest and most vigorous individual that showed no monoecious tendencies without stress manipulation was chosen to be ‘CW2A’.
The new cultivar of ‘CW2A’ was asexually reproduced via stem cuttings from vegetative and/or flowering plants, and cloning by the inventor at the inventor's greenhouses, nurseries, fields and/or facilities in Colorado Springs, Colo. and Wray, Colo. Asexual clones from the original source have been tested in greenhouses, nurseries, and/or fields. The properties of each clone from this cultivar were found to be transmissible by such asexual reproduction. The cultivar is stable and reproduces true to type in successive generations of asexual reproduction (i.e., clones from ‘CW2A’ are uniform).
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a new and distinctive hemp cultivar designated as ‘CW2A’.
As used herein, the term “cultivar” is used interchangeably with “variety”, “strain”, and/or “clone”.
The inventor reproduced progenies asexually by stem cutting from vegetative and/or flowering plants, and cloning. The plant has been and continues to be asexually reproduced by stem cutting from vegetative and/or flowering plants, and cloning at the inventor's greenhouses, nurseries, fields and/or facilities in Colorado Springs, Colo. and Wray, Colo.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying color photographs depict characteristics of the new ‘CW2A’ plants as nearly true as possible to make color reproductions. The overall appearance of the ‘CW2A’ plants in the photographs is shown in colors that may differ slightly from the color values described in the detailed botanical description.
FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the ‘CW2A’ indoor plant at the early to mid vegetative growth stage with lateral branches and further intermodal growth as shown from above.
FIG. 2 shows an overall view of the ‘CW2A’ indoor plant during the mid to late vegetative growth stage as shown from the side.
FIG. 3 shows an overall view of the ‘CW2A’ indoor plant during the mid to late vegetative growth stage as shown from the side.
FIG. 4 shows an overall view of the ‘CW2A’ indoor plant at the early to mid flowering stage as shown from the side.
FIG. 5 shows a close view of flowers of the ‘CW2A’ indoor plant at the early to mid flowering stage.
FIG. 6 shows another close view of flowers of the ‘CW2A’ indoor plant at the early to mid flowering stage.
FIG. 7 shows an overall view of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the mid vegetative growth stage as grown in the field.
FIG. 8 shows a close view of flowers of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the early to mid flowering stage as grown in the field.
FIG. 9 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the early to mid flowering stage as grown in the field.
FIG. 10 shows an overall view of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the harvest maturity as grown in the field.
FIG. 11 shows an overall view of upper part (including flowers) of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the harvest maturity as grown in the field.
FIG. 12 shows a close view of flowers of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the harvest maturity as grown in the field.
FIG. 13 shows another close view of flowers of the ‘CW2A’ outdoor plant at the harvest maturity as grown in the field.
 DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
‘CW2A’ has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions, and the phenotype may vary significantly with variations in environment. The following observations, measurements, and comparisons describe this plant as grown at Wray, Colo., when grown in the greenhouse, nursery or field, unless otherwise noted.
Plants for the botanical measurements in the present application are annual plants. In the following description, the color determination is in accordance with The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, Sixth Edition (2015), except where general color terms of ordinary dictionary significance are used.
‘CW2A’ is a fertile hybrid derived from a controlled-cross between proprietary cultivar ‘1AC’ as the female parent (i.e., pollen accepter) and another hemp plant as the male parent (i.e., pollen donor) originating from a feral hemp (a.k.a. ditch weed) population in Colorado with an unknown cannabinoid content (“Feral Male Parent”).
Breeding History of the Female Parent. The lineage of proprietary female parent ‘1AC’ comprises four generational crossings. The first crossing was made between a parental female from a cutting of Cannabis sativa L. originating in Colorado of unknown parentage (“First Female F0”) with a parental male plant (“First Male F0”) which originated from a feral hemp population in Colorado with an unknown cannabinoid content. Of the resulting progeny, 40 seeds were germinated and developed into 24 female (“F1 Females”) and 16 male (“F1 Males”) plants.
For the second crossing, an egg donor from a female clone of Cannabis sativa L. with unknown genealogy (“Second Female”) was crossed to a healthy vigorous F1 Male from the first cross. Of the resulting offspring, twenty seeds were germinated of which 70% were female (“F2 Females”) and 30% were male (“F2 Males”).
For the third crossing, a single F2 Female was chosen and crossed with a sibling of First Male F0. Of the resulting progeny, fifty seeds were germinated. Twenty-five seedlings were female (“F3 Females”) and 25 were male (“F3 Males”).
The fourth generation was produced by crossing two F3 Females that displayed the most vigor and health. Both F3 Females chosen for the cross were short and squat in stature, had medium to broad leaf structure with tight internodes of about ½ inch, and displayed a 70-75 day flowering maturity after flowering initiated. The F3 Female was chosen as the egg donor (“F3-e”) for the fourth generation. The F3 female was also chosen as the pollen donor (“F3-p”) for the fourth generation. The F3-p female was induced to produce male flowers, thus generating pollen, using heat and erratic photoperiod stress techniques. F3-e was pollinated by F3-p and generated progeny (F4) that were all female with slightly different characteristics. All F4 plants exhibited indica-dominant traits such as medium to broad leaf structure, short squat overall growth habit, and tight internodes with full flower maturity taking roughly 65-70 days after flowering initiated. About 90% of all F4 plants exhibited resistance to pests and diseases and showed great health and vigor throughout the entire lifecycle. Few plants displayed white and/or yellow coloration similar to marbling on the leaves. Of these F4 females, the healthiest and most vigorous individual was chosen to be ‘1AC’.
Breeding History of the Male Parent. The Feral Male Parent of ‘CW2A’ was the most vigorous and healthy male with broad, palmately compound leaves and squat stature at maturity (“indica-dominant”) which germinated from a feral hemp population. Ten seeds of the resulting offspring were germinated. Of the ten seeds, six were male and four were female. Ninety percent of all individuals exhibited resistance to pests and diseases and showed great health and vigor throughout the entire lifecycle. Nearly all of the males grew taller than the females and exhibited medium to broad leaf structure similar to indicia/sativa hybrid characteristics. The Feral Male Parent is not a genetically modified organism.
Crossing of Parental Lines. ‘1AC’ was crossed to the Feral Male Parent and all of the resulting females displayed long and slender leaflets, leaves, and overall growth pattern (“sativa-dominant”). Of the females, 75% exhibited monecious characteristics without stress manipulation. All females showed premature flowering without a change in light duration; although change in light duration to 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark within a 24-hour period induced all females into a distinct flowering cycle. Of these females, the healthiest and most vigorous individual, that showed no monecious tendencies without stress manipulation was chosen to be ‘CW2A’.
TABLE I
General
Characteristics New Variety
Plant life forms An herbaceous plant (herb)
Plant growth An upright, dioecious annual plant with
habit hermaphroditic tendencies, and at maturity 1-4
meters in height depending on growth conditions
Having no hermaphroditic (monecious)
tendencies without stress manipulation
Plant origin Female progeny of a cross
between ‘1AC’ Female Parent and
Feral Male Parent
Plant Asexually propagated by cutting
propagation and cloning such as vegetative
stem cuttings as well as stem
cuttings from flowering plants
Propagation ease Easy
Propagation Adventitious root structures
condition readily form from stem tissue
when submerged in rooting media,
including soil, rockwool,
aeroponics, etc., when adequate
amounts of oxygen and moisture
are supplied, and ambient
temperatures are between 55-75
degrees Fahrenheit with
appropriate lighting conditions.
Height 1-4 m at maturity
(Unit: meter Height and shape depends on
and/or feet) planting pattern such as planting date and density.
With about 2 feet or less close
spacing between plants, plants can
be up to 10 feet tall at maturity
with thinner pseudospike flower characteristics.
Generally, plant height is twice as much as plant width.
Width 0.4-2 m
(Unit: meter)
Plant vigor High
The most vigorous growth in late
vegetative stage before flowering stage.
Time to Harvest 100-135 days
Resistance to Resistant to common viruses and fungal diseases
pests or diseases Susceptible to molds and mildews if grown
indoors without proper ventilation and constantly
maintaining greater than 60% relative humidity
Susceptible to Phytophothora spp.,
Fusarium spp., and Pythium spp.
Genetically- No
modified
organism
Parental variety (‘MC’)
Characteristics (Female plant)
Plant life forms An herbaceous plant (herb)
Plant growth An upright, shrub-like dioecious
habit annual plant with a rigid
branching herbaceous stalk,
reaching 0.5-3 meters in height
and 0.5-3 meters in width in one growing season
Plant origin ‘1 AC’ Cannabis sativa L.
Plant Asexually propagated by cutting and cloning
propagation such as vegetative stem cuttings as well as stem
Propagation ease Easy
Propagation Adventitious root structures
condition readily form from stem tissue when submerged in
rooting media, including soil, rockwool,
aeroponics, etc., when adequate
amounts of oxygen and moisture
are supplied, and ambient
temperatures are between 55-75 degrees Fahrenheit with
appropriate lighting conditions.
Height 0.5-3 m at maturity
(Unit: meter Stalky and bushy with round footprint.
and/or feet) With adequate spacing, plant
height is approximately equal to width.
Width 0.5-3 m
(Unit: meter)
Plant vigor High
The most vigorous growth in late vegetative stage
before flowering stage.
Time to Harvest 120-140 days
Resistance to Resistant to most viruses and
pests or diseases fungal diseases common to grain and vegetable crops
Slightly susceptible to powdery mildew and Botrytis
spp. if grown in greenhouses, or indoors, without
proper ventilation and consistently maintaining
greater than 65% relative humidity.
Slightly less susceptible to Phytophothora spp.,
Fusarium spp., and Pythium spp.
except for in greenhouse.
Genetically- No
modified
organism
TABLE II
Leaf/Foliage
Characteristics New Variety
Leaf arrangement Opposite in early vegetative
growth stages especially on main
axis if grown from seed
A tendency toward alternate
arrangements on axillary branches
once the flowering stage begins or
when taken as a vegetative cutting
typically observed
Phyllotaxy depends on growth
conditions and on whether
individuals are derived from
vegetative or seed propagation
Leaf shape Palmately compound
Leaf structure Serrated margins, lightly acicular
to lanceolate leaflets, tapering to
an acuminate apex
Leaf margins Jaggedly serrate with each tooth
apex angled toward leaflet apex
Apical side of tooth is concave and
basal side of tooth is convex
Leaf hairs Absent
Leaf length with 12-24 cm
petiole at maturity
(Unit: cm or inches)
Petiole length at 4.2-8.0 cm
maturity (Unit: cm)
Petiole color Very slightly lighter (whiter) than
(RHS No.) RHS 144A
Anthocyanin RHS 59A to 187A and 187B when present
color and Anthocyanin coloration ranges
intensity in Petioles from total absence to minute but
pronounced mixture with normal
green coloration on adaxial surface
of petiole during vegetative growth stage
During flowering stage,
anthocyanin pigmentation on
petioles of so called fan leaves
intensifies and covers both adaxial
and abaxial surfaces; Darker
adaxial surfaces are still RHS 59A
to 187A; Abaxial surfaces are
lighter and less densely colored
with a range of coloration RHS
184A; to 180A; to 178A through
178B; to 176A
Stipule length at 0.4-0.9 cm
maturity (Unit: cm)
Stipule shape Up to 1.0 cm, spinose with a wider
base about 1.0 mm or more thick
tapering to spinose tip
Light green center with white
green edges and a folded, v-shape
in cross section
Sometimes curvaceous growth
Stipule color Green portions of stipule vary
(RHS No.) from RHS 143A to the light
yellow white of the edges RHS 4D
No. of leaflets 3-5 in immature plants, as many as 9 at maturity
Middle largest 7-15.9 cm
(longest) leaflet
length
(Unit: cm)
Middle largest 1.5-2.0 cm
(longest) leaflet
width
(Unit: cm)
Middle largest About 4:1-8:1
(longest) leaflet
length/width ratio
No. teeth of 19-29
middle leaflet
Leaf (upper side- RHS 137A before flowering stage
adaxial) color Very close to (a little darker/bluer)
(RHS No.) RHS NN137A during flowering stage
Yellow in late flowering stage
Leaf (lower side- Between RHS 146D and RHS
abaxial) color 147C before flowing stage
(RES No.) Between RHS NN137D and RHS
147B during flowering stage
Leaf glossiness Very slight sheen, but not glossy
Vein/midrib shape Midvein is straight down the
middle of each leaflet.
Secondary veins are percurrent,
branched alternately from
midvein, and grow to tooth apex
Vein/midrib RHS 143C
color (RHS No.)
Aroma An earthy aromatic herbal smell
with a hint of citrus/pine scent and
a general sweetness
Parental variety (1AC)
Characteristics (Female plant)
Leaf arrangement Alternate with short internodes
during early vegetative growth
stages especially after cloning
Sometimes opposite (seedling
vegetative stage) and whorled
(flowering stage) leaf
positioning depending on growth
conditions and vegetative or seed propagation
Phyllotaxy depends on growth
conditions and on whether
individuals are derived from
vegetative or seed propagation
Leaf shape Palmately compound
Leaf structure Serrated, lanceolate, pinnately
veined leaflets with a medium to
dark green upper surface and
light green to white green lower
surface. Broader leaflets than CW2A
Leaf margins Plane with tooth apices angled
toward leaflet apex
Jaggedly serrated when leaves
are immature, developing into
not so jaggedly serrated when
leaves/leaflets are mature
Both apical and basal side of
tooth are generally convex
Leaf hairs Absent
Leaf length with Typically 3″-7″ inches.
petiole at maturity Up to 10″ inches in the field
with optimal growing conditions
(Unit: cm or inches) and at peak vegetative growth
Petiole length at 5.1 cm-10.2 cm dependingon
maturity (Unit: cm) leaf type (on axillary branch
node vs main axis, subtending
inflorescence, immature/mature, etc.)
Petiole color Between RHS145A and 145B
(RHS No.)
Anthocyanin N/A
color and
intensity in Petioles
Stipule length at <1 cm
maturity (Unit: cm)
Stipule shape Linear with slight curvaceous
growth. Sometimes slightly
wider than those in CW2A and
occasionally flower primordia
containing a thin white filament
hair similar to a mature stigma are found
Stipule color N/A
(RHS No.)
No. of leaflets 3-7 in immature plants, 5-9 at maturity
Middle largest 6-15 cm
(longest) leaflet
length (Unit: cm)
Middle largest 2.5-4.0 cm
(longest) leaflet
width (Unit: cm)
Middle largest About 4:1
(longest) leaflet
length/width ratio
No. teeth of 26-37
middle leaflet
Leaf (upper side- RHS NN137B
adaxial) color
Leaf (lower side- RHS 147B
abaxial) color
(RES No.)
Leaf glossiness Slightly glossy, especially at maturity
Vein/midrib shape Midvein is straight down the
middle of each leaflet.
Secondary veins are percurrent,
branched alternately from
midvein, grow to tooth apex with
some forming loops to other
secondary veins, and more
apparent tertiary venation,
especially in mature leaflets
Vein/midrib RHS 145C
color (RHS No.)
Aroma A pleasantly earthy aromatic, strong,
peculiar smell with a hint of pine scent
TABLE III
Stem
Characteristics New Variety
Stem shape Round at maturity
Very slightly squared in immature
axillary branches and at immature
growth stages
Finely pubescent and longitudinally furrowed
in conjunction with the slightly square shape
In later vegetative stages, still
generally rounded in appearance
with slight furrowing on more
recent stem growth
Older growth now fuller with
lower parts of main stem and
oldest branches now with slightly
woody appearance and outer texture
Stem diameter at 1.5-4 cm often multiple
base (Unit: cm) stems with thinner diameters,
depends on nature of initial cutting material
Stem color (RHS No.) Green portions between RHS
144A and 146A at vegetative
maturity and during flowering,
woody colored tan lower portions
of stem are close to 156A-156D
Stem pith type This is highly dependent on the
age and/or maturity of the stem
Most mature main stem pith is thick to woody
Parental variety (1AC)
Characteristics (Female plant)
Stem shape A smooth or slightly
longitudinally furrowed texture
that can vary throughout the plant.
Rigid, straight or flexuous
Canescent, scabrous, or rough
textured in late growth stage
Stem diameter at 3.0-12 cm in outdoor plants
base (Unit: cm)
Stem color (RHS No.) Immature RHS 146D
Mature RHS 143C
Stem pith type Moderate to thick
TABLE IV
Inflorescence (Female/Pistillate Flowers)
Characteristics New Variety
Flowering (blooming) habit CW2A produces pistillate flowers
in axils at nodal points along main
axis and lateral branches for most
of the vegetative growth period
As flowering begins to develop,
these start to become more prolific
clusters of individual flowers that
appear on increasing branching
growth from axillary buds
emerging from increasingly short
internodes on both the main and
lateral axes
Observations indicated a noted
shift to this pattern between 57-73
days after vegetative clones
were transplanted outdoors
The pointed appearance of
the terminal inflorescence buds
probably contribute to the overall
less dense popcorn appearance of
floral clusters along the lateral
and main axes
Some are quite full and denser
more similar to 1 AC, but many
are the looser popcorn appearance
Proportion of female plants 100% with some exhibiting
monoecious tendencies
Inflorescence position Above
Apical portions of main and lateral axes
Flower arrangement Overlapping, Congested, touching,
and sometimes stacked
Number of Hundreds to thousands flowers per plant
flowers per plant Multitudinous, congested, with
high concentrations on bushier
wide inflorescence
Flower shape Bilateral symmetry with an overall
compressed ovaloid appearance
Flower (individual 6-11 mm
pistillate) length (Unit: mm)
Flower 3.0-12.5 cm
(compound cyme)
diameter (Unit: cm)
Corolla No defined corolla
Apetalous pistillate flowers
Corolla Color (RHS No.) N/A
Bract shape Miniature leaf, trichomated, tips
of leaflets emergent from dense
floral clusters
Leaflets number 3 or 5 with many
bracts having 5 leaflets
The base pair is nearly vestigial
Bracts range in length from 2-7
mm or more depending on
maturity of flowering spike
Bract color (RHS No.) Adaxial - darkest at tips
between RHS 139A to lighter at
base of leaflets RHS 147A
Abaxial - between RHS
137B and 147B
Bracteole shape Bracteole is a short, scale-like,
(general description) Membranous piece of tissue,
subtending (and nearly adhering
to) the underside of pistillate flowers.
It is very similar to the stipules of
the plant, but wider, shorter, and
buried within the densely clustered
pistillate inflorescences and so, not
immediately observable without dissection
Bracteole color Like stipule, vibrant green streak
(RHS No.) in middle is very close to RHS
141C to thin white papery margins
close to RHS 4D, 8D, 11D
Calyx shape Fused green calyx [bract]
(general description) (perigonium), membranous,
broadly ovate, beaked at the tip,
persistent, enclosing the fresh and
dry fruit, highly trichomated and
take on a frosted appearance
Calyx color (RHS No.) Graduation of color from tip to
base: RHS NN137B through
143A-143C, 144B, N144C, 145A-
145D, 157A-157D
Stigma shape Short apical style with two long
filiform stigmatic branches
At flower maturity, the pistils
senesce to a reddish-brown
Stigma length (Unit: mm) 4-11 mm
Generally longer and thinner than ‘1AC’
Pollination, and environmental
factors effect state of stigma
Stigma color (RHS No.) Freshly emergent, tips and papillae
RHS 1C-1D to 2D and 4C
Some have a slight vegetative
greenish hue, RHS 144C to 145A
When senesced, from a darker
RHS 165A to a lighter 164A to 165B
Trichome shape Capitate stalked glandular
multiseriate/uniseriate trichomes,
especially on flowering
inflorescences and perigonial bracts
Capitate Sessile glandular
trichomes on stems, leaves, and bracts
Cystolithic non-glandular Cystolithic non-glandular
trichomes on leaves
Trichome color (RHS No.) RHS 4D and 155A and NN155A-
NN155D, creamy color of varying
saturation
Terminal bud shape Terminal buds are naked,
vegetative, and mixed depending
on life stage (vegetative/flowering)
Terminal bud color Many emergent pistillate flowers,
(RHS No.) RHS NN137B through 143A-
143C, 144B, N144C, 145A-145D,
157A-157D,
Emergent bract leaflets RHS 147A
Freshly emergent stigmas, tips and
papillae RHS 1C-1D to 2D and 4C
Some have a slight vegetative
greenish hue, RHS 144C to 145A
Pedicel Absent (sessile)
Staminate shape Minute or reduced to absent
(sessile) in pistillate flowers
Present in staminate flowers
Sepal color (RHS No.) RHS 10D at end near papery edges
with vegetative streaks down
center of each sepal, N144B to
N144C, depending on maturity
Pollen description N/A
Seed description Light to Dark brown, mostly dark
brown with speckling
Seeds (achenes) are encased in
trichomated leaf-like fused bract
(perigonium), solitary, ovoid, and
slightly compressed
Pericarp is dry and brittle, finely
reticulate; endosperm is fleshy;
embryois curved; cotyledon is fleshy
Seeds (achenes) are solitary,
ovoid, 4-7 mm in length
Typically, seeds weigh 0.01 g-0.02 g each
Variation in seed size and color
are observed due to environmental
conditions
Marbling of seed Medium
Petal description Apetalous (petals absent in
flowers, but sepals present on
staminate flowers)
Parental variety (1AC)
Characteristics (Female plant)
Flowering Early flower primordia appear at
(blooming) habit the base of petioles, with a pair of
white stigmas emerging from each
perigonal bract.
Pistillate compound inflorescences
are congested pseudospikes with
leaf-like bracts, leafy and compact,
with the largest inflorescences
present on dominant apical stems
Female flowers are small but
numerous and take on the
coloration present in the
vegetation of the specimen
(typically green); enclosed and
surrounded by a fused calyx
(perigonal bract), entire, beaked at
the tip; unilocular ovary superior,
sessile, with two long filiform
stigmatic branches which are
white upon emergence and later
deteriorating to reddish-brown
Flowers may form on the entire
length of the stem; however,
inflorescences are most
conspicuous at the top of the plant.
Flowers and inflorescences are
covered with glandular trichomes
Proportion of female plants 100%
Inflorescence position Above
Apical portions of main and lateral axes
Flower arrangement Overlapping, Congested, touching,
and sometimes stacked
Number of Hundreds to thousands flowers per plant
flowers per plant Multitudinous, congested, with
high concentrations on bushier
wide inflorescence
Flower shape Bilateral symmetry with an overall
compressed ovaloid appearance
Flower (individual 8-14 mm
pistillate) length (Unit: mm)
Flower 7 cm-15 cm
(compound cyme)
diameter (Unit: cm)
Corolla No defined corolla
Apetalous pistillate flowers
Corolla Color (RHS No.) N/A
Bract shape Miniature leaf, trichomated, tips of leaflets
emergent from dense floral clusters
Leaflets
number 3, 5, or 7 with many bracts
having 5 leaflets
Bract color (RHS No.) Adaxial - darker tips are RHS
NN137A to a brighter (yellower)
green N144C-D at the base of
leaflets and in the venation
Abaxial - RHS 147B-147C leaf
and 148B-148C venation
Some plants feature bracts with
Increasing purplish coloration that
is blended with the dark green
color for an overall appearance
very similar to RHS N92A
Bracteole shape Bracteole is a short, scale-like,
(general description) Membranous piece of tissue,
subtending (and nearly adhering
to) the underside of pistillate flowers
It is very similar to the stipules of
the plant, but wider, shorter, and
buried within the densely clustered
pistillate inflorescences and so, not
immediately observable without
dissection
Bracteole color Vibrant Green center of bracteole
(RHS No.) is RHS 143A-143B, the papery
white edge is similar to NN155B-NN155C
Calyx shape Fused green calyx [bract]
(general description) (perigonium), membranous,
broadly ovate, beaked at the tip,
persistent, enclosing the fresh and
dry fruit, highly trichomated and
take on a frosted appearance
Calyx color (RHS No.) Some RHS 137A-137D, some
141A-141C, to 143C or 144A-144D
or 145A, to 150D or 155A-155B
at lighter base
Stigma shape Short apical style with two long
filiform stigmatic branches
At flower maturity, the pistils
senesce to a reddish-brown
Stigma length (Unit: mm) 6-9 mm
Pollination, and environmental
factors effect state of stigma
Stigma color (RHS No.) RHS 150A-150C or 151C-151D
when freshly emergent to 8B when
around maturity or past maturity,
to 164A or 166A-166D or 174A-
174B or 175D when senescent
Trichome shape Capitate stalked glandular
multiseriate/unisefiate trichomes,
especially on flowering
inflorescences and perigonial bracts
Capitate Sessile glandular
trichomes on stems, leaves, and bracts
Cystolithic non-glandular
trichomes on leaves
Trichome color (RHS No.) Variable
Clear, white; :translucent at first, as
it matures, cloudy to amber as
phytochemicals enter the trichome
glandular head
Terminal bud shape Terminal buds are naked,
vegetative, and mixed depending
on life stage (vegetative/flowering)
Terminal bud color Multicolored
(RHS No.)
Pedicel Absent (sessile)
Staminate shape Absent
Sepal color (RHS No.) N/A
Pollen description N/A
Seed description Seed coat with solid pale grey or
grey/brown/white to light - dark
brown coloration when mature
Seeds (achenes) are solitary,
ovoid, 3-6 mm in length
Seed weight is typically varied
with masses within the range of
0.006 g-0.016 g
Marbling of seed N/A
Petal description Apetalous (petals absent in flowers)
TABLE V
Other Characteristics
Characteristics New Variety
Time period and Female flower initiation occurs in
condition of plants when the daylight
flowering/ photoperiod has 14 hours of
blooming daylight hours within a 24-hour
period, with 10 hours of
continuous darkness during the
nocturnal duration
Timing of flowering is largely
dependent (if not entirely) on
photoperiod
Proportion of Lower (~10%) in vegetative clones
hermaphrodite More moderate in populations
plants from seeds harvested from fields
(segregating population and not
necessarily selfed)
Hardiness of Resistant to frost (without freezing
plant rain) in early and late growth stages
Resistant to cold in late vegetative
and mature stages
Hardy to tolerate of moist and
damp conditions without showing stress
Not tolerant to soil oversaturated
with water for long periods
Hardy to tolerate of moist and
damp conditions without
Breaking action Branches are highly flexible.
Typically, plants lean over more
than 1AC check variety
Plants are resistant to complete lodging
Central stem is strong. Stem
breakage usually does not occur
Seed shattering About 30-50% of seeds shatter
readily if plants are grown in field
Rooting rate 95-99%
after Adventitious roots typically form
cutting/cloning day 5-day 14
Roots fill a two-inch pot
completely in Day 21-35
Total THC and Total CBD content: 4.50-6.24%
CBD content at Total THC content:Total CBD
harvest maturity 0.13-0.27%
Total CBD:Total THC (ratio) = 23:1
Parental variety (1AC)
Characteristics (Female plant)
Time period and Specifically, a photoperiod of no
condition of less than 11 hours of continuous
flowering/ darkness within a 24-hour period.
blooming Often flowers three to four
weeks after ‘CW2A’
Proportion of N/A
hermaphrodite
plants
Hardiness of plant Resistant to frost (with nightly
temperatures as low as 27
degrees Fahrenheit as long as the
temperature rises during the day
to melt and dry previous frost
found on leaves)
Resistant to cold in late
vegetative growth stages
Cold resistance increases during
the late flowering stage
When subjected to cold
temperatures (such as less than
45 degrees Fahrenheit) for
longer than 6 hours a day, plants
show signs of cold shock and
growth rates are reduced
showing signs of stress if
adequate drainage allows damp
conditions to be a temporary occurrence
More drought tolerant in clay
loam and heavier soils, while
less drought tolerant in sandy
loam and lighter soils
Over watering is noticeable
during the early stages of
vegetative growth when plant
root structures are more
sensitive, or if no adequate
drainage exists
Breaking action Branches are less flexible
Typically, plants do not lean and
are very sturdy
Plants can tolerate high winds
easily without lodging
Stem branches can break or split
in hail storms, however this is rare
Seed shattering Seeds do not shatter readily, but
are mostly persistent
Rooting rate after 92-98%
Adventitious roots typically
cutting/cloning form day 10-day 21
Roots fill a two-inch pot
completely in Day 28-45
Total THC and content: 5-8%
CBD content at Total THC content: 0.2-0.3%
harvest maturity Total CBD:Total THC (ratio) = 26:1
As used herein, the term “maturity”, “harvest maturity,” or “floral maturity” refers to the developmental stage at which the ‘CW2A’ plant is harvested. Persons having skill in the art will recognize maturity based on the plant's morphologies. It is also good practice to conduct periodic cannabinoid content (i.e., potency) tests throughout the development of the plant to ensure that harvest occurs at maturity. The ‘CW2A’ plant is considered to be at harvest maturity when fan leaves begin to yellow, and when inflorescences begin to take on a ‘frosted’ appearance, as trichomes develop on calyxes and lower portions of bracts. If bracts and inflorescent parts turn overly yellow and/or if the ‘frosted’ appearance is visible from afar, this could indicate the plant is beyond maturity. The color of trichomes can also be used to determine maturity. Trichomes from the ‘CW2A’ plant first look small and clear, but gradually enlarge, and progressively become ‘milkier’ and opaque with continued maturation, finally displaying a desiccated appearance and amber color. In the present disclosure, harvest maturity is defined as the time period between the enlarged clear trichome developmental stage and the opaque/milky trichome developmental stage. Amber trichomes in the ‘CW2A’ plant are an indication of overly mature trichomes. In some embodiments, the harvest maturity of the ‘CW2A’ variety is typically around 15 and ½ weeks after planting vegetative cuttings in the field. Growing conditions throughout the plant's life cycle, nutrient variations, and environmental factors can all influence the amount of time for ‘CW2A’ plants to reach harvest maturity. The present disclosure uses the terms “maturity,” “harvest maturity,” and “floral maturity” interchangeably. FIGS. 10-13 provide photographs of the ‘CW2A’ plant at harvest maturity.
In some instances, the botanical descriptions disclosed herein reflect the range of phenotypical variation observed under indoor and outdoor growth conditions. Total Potential THC/CBD contents presented in this document reflect the total potential (i.e., decarboxylated) THC and CBD content after decarboxylation of the THCA and CBDA contents of the sample. The formula used for this calculation is reproduced below for the Office's convenience. Total THC=THC+(THCA*(0.877)). Total CBD=CBD+(CBDA*(0.877)).
When ‘CW2A’ is compared to the feral male parent (a.k.a. ditch weed), ‘CW2A’ is taller in plant height, but narrower in plant width than the feral male parent. The indica-dominant feral male parent having a squat statute are shorter than ‘CW2A’ and branch wider with wider leaves than ‘CW2A’.
When ‘CW2A’ is compared to the proprietary female parent (‘1AC’), ‘CW2A’ is taller in plant height, but narrower in plant width than ‘1AC’. Generally, ‘CW2A’ is twice as tall as it is wide, while ‘1AC’ has a similar ratio of plant height to width. ‘CW2A’ with 19-29 teeth of middle leaflet has narrower leaflets than ‘1AC’ with 26-37 teeth of middle leaflet. Regarding petiole length at maturity, ‘CW2A’ is in general shorter than ‘1AC’. Regarding stem diameter at base, ‘CW2A’ is in general shorter than ‘1AC’. When comparing individual flower length and compound cyme diameter, ‘CW2A’ is smaller in size than ‘1AC’. On the other hand, ‘CW2A’ has generally a longer and thinner stigma than ‘1AC’. While ‘1AC’ does not show hermaphroditic tendency, hermaphroditic plants are observed from ‘CW2A’ depending on growth conditions. Since ‘CW2A’ branches are highly flexible, ‘CW2A’ plants lean over more than ‘1AC’ that has less flexible branches. With regard to time to harvest seeds, ‘CW2A’ shows a shorter harvest time than ‘1AC’. After stem cutting from vegetative and/or flowering plants, adventitious roots of ‘CW2A’ emerge and grow faster than ‘1AC’.
When ‘CW2A’ is compared to the known Cannabis plant named ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 27,475), there are several distinctive characteristics. For example, ‘CW2A’ plant is generally taller than the ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ plant. While the aroma of ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ is strongly mephitic with hints of limonene, ‘CW2A’ has an earthy aromatic herbal smell with a hint of citrus and/or pine scent and a general sweetness. ‘CW2A’ stem diameter at base is greater than ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’. Also, individual pistillate flowers and stigma of ‘CW2A’ are longer than those of ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in total THC content between ‘CW2A’ and ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’. The total THC content of ‘CW2A’ is between 0.13-0.27%, rendering the claimed plant a hemp plant under U.S. law. ‘ECUADORIAN SATIVA’ on the other hand, accumulates 12.45% total THC, resulting in a different classification of the plant.
The following is a detailed description of the new cultivar of ‘CW2A’. The following description is for plants that are vegetative and reproductive stages from seedling to 12 weeks old as of the time of the measurements.
  • General description:
      • Plant life form and habit.—An herbaceous, upright, dioecious annual plant with hermaphroditic tendencies depending on growth conditions.
  • Classification:
      • Denomination.—‘CW2A’.
      • Species.—Cannabis sativa L.
  • Origin, form, and growth characteristics:
      • Origin.—Progeny plant derived from a controlled-cross between proprietary cultivar ‘1AC’ as the female parent (i.e., pollen accepter) and Feral Male Parent (i.e., pollen donor), as described in detail above.
      • Propagation.—The strain is asexually propagated by vegetative stem cuttings as well as stem cuttings from flowering plants.
      • Propagation ease.—Easy.
      • Propagation condition.—Adventitious root structures readily form from stem tissue when submerged in rooting media, including soil, rockwool, aeroponics, etc., when adequate amounts of oxygen and moisture are supplied, and ambient temperatures are between 55-75° F. with appropriate lighting conditions.
  • Plant:
      • Height.—1-4 m at maturity.
      • Width.—0.4-2 m.
      • Vigor.—High (very vigorous).
      • Time to harvest.—100-135 days.
      • Pest susceptibility.—Resistant to common viruses and fungal disease.
      • Genetically modified organism.—No.
  • Leaf/foliage:
      • Arrangement.—Opposite in early vegetative growth stages especially on main axis if grown from seed; A tendency toward alternate arrangements on axillary branches once the flowering stage begins or when taken as a vegetative cutting typically observed.
      • Shape.—Palmately compound.
      • Structure.—Serrated margins, lightly acicular to lanceolate leaflets, tapering to an acuminate apex.
      • Margin.—Jaggedly serrate with each tooth apex angled toward leaflet apex; apical side of tooth is concave and basal side of tooth is convex.
      • Hair.—Absent.
      • Leaf (with petiole) length at maturity.—12-24 cm.
      • Number of leaflets.—3-5 in immature plants, as many as 9 at maturity.
      • Middle largest leaflet length.—7-15.9 cm.
      • Middle largest leaflet width.—1.5-2.0 cm.
      • Middle largest leaflet length/width ration.—About 4:1-8:1.
      • Number of teeth of middle leaflet (average).—19-29.
      • Color.—Upper side (Adaxial) — 137A (vegetative growth stage before flowering); very close to NN137A (during flowering stage).
      • Color.—Lower side (Abaxial) — Between 146D and 147C (vegetative growth stage before flowering); between NN137D and 147B (during flowering stage).
      • Leaf glossiness.—Very slight sheen, but not glossy.
      • Veins/midrib shape.—Midvein is straight down the middle of each leaflet; Secondary veins are percurrent, branched alternately from midvein, and grow to tooth apex.
      • Vein/midrib color.—143C.
  • Petiole:
      • Petiole length.—4.2-8.0 cm.
      • Petiole color.—Very slightly lighter than 144A.
      • Anthocyanin color in petioles.—59A to 187A and 187B when present.
      • Anthocyanin intensity in petioles.—(i) Total absence to minute but pronounced mixture with normal green coloration on adaxial surface of petiole during vegetative growth stage; (ii) anthocyanin pigmentation on petioles intensifies and covers both adaxial and abaxial surfaces during flowering stage; darker adaxial surfaces are still 59A to 187A; Abaxial surfaces are lighter and less densely colored with a range of coloration 184A; to 180A; to 178A through 178B; to 176A.
      • Stipule shape.—Up to 1.0 cm, spinose with a wider base about 1.0 mm or more thick tapering to spinose tip; light green center with white green edges and a folded, v-shape in cross section; sometimes curvaceous growth.
      • Stipule length.—0.4-0.9 cm.
      • Stipule color.—Green portions of stipule vary from 143A to the light yellow white of the edges 4D.
  • Stem:
      • Shape.—Round at maturity; very slightly squared in immature axillary branches and at immature growth stages; finely pubescent and longitudinally furrowed in conjunction with the slightly square shape; in later vegetative stages, still generally rounded in appearance with slight furrowing on more recent stem growth; older growth fuller with lower parts of main stem and oldest branches with slightly woody appearance and outer texture.
      • Diameter.—1.5-4 cm often multiple stems with thinner diameters, depends on nature of initial cutting material.
      • Color.—Green portions between RHS 144A and 146A at vegetative maturity and during flowering, woody colored tan lower portions of stem are close to 156A-156D.
      • Pith type.—Thick to woody for a mature main stem pith; but this is highly dependent on the age and/or maturity of the stem.
  • Inflorescence:
      • Blooming/flowering habit.—CW2A produces pistillate flowers in axils at nodal points along main axis and lateral branches for most of the vegetative growth period; as flowering begins to develop, these start to become more prolific clusters of individual flowers that appear on increasing branching growth from axillary buds emerging from increasingly short internodes on both the main and lateral axes; observations indicated a noted shift to this pattern between 57-73 days after vegetative clones were transplanted outdoors; the pointed appearance of the terminal inflorescence buds probably contribute to the overall less dense popcorn appearance of floral clusters along the lateral and main axes; some are quite full and denser more similar to 1AC, but many are the looser popcorn appearance.
      • Inflorescence position relative to foliage.—Above.
      • Flower arrangement.—Overlapping, Congested, touching, and sometimes stacked.
      • Number of flowers per plant.—Hundreds to thousands of flowering sites.
  • Flowers:
      • Shape.—Bilateral symmetry with an overall compressed ovaloid appearance.
      • Flower (individual pistillate) length.—6-11 mm.
      • Flower (compound cyme) diameter.—3.0-12.5 cm.
      • Corolla shape.—No defined corolla.
      • Corolla color.—N/A.
      • Bract shape.—Miniature leaf, trichomated, tips of leaflets emergent from dense floral clusters; leaflets number 3 or 5 with many bracts having 5 leaflets; the base pair is nearly vestigial.
      • Bract size.—2-7 mm or more depending on maturity of flowering spike.
      • Bract color.—Adaxial — darkest at tips between 139A to lighter at base of leaflets 147A; Abaxial — between 137B and 147B.
      • Bracteole color.—Vibrant green streak in middle is very close to 141C to thin white papery margins close to 4D, 8D, and 11D.
      • Stigma shape.—Short apical style with two long filiform stigmatic branches.
      • Stigma length.—4-11 mm.
      • Stigma color.—Freshly emergent, tips and papillae 1C-1D to 2D and 4C; some have a slight vegetative greenish hue, 144C to 145A; When senesced, from a darker 165A to a lighter 164A to 165B.
      • Trichome shape.—Capitate-stalked glandular multiseriate/uniseriate trichomes, especially on flowering inflorescences and perigonial bracts.
      • Trichome color.—4D, 155A and NN155A-155D.
      • Cola (terminal bud) shape.—Naked, vegetative, and mixed depending on life stage (vegetative/flowering).
      • Cola (terminal bud) color.—Many emergent pistillate flowers, NN137B through 143A-143C, 144B, N144C, 145A-145D, 157A-157D; emergent bract leaflets 147A; freshly emergent stigmas, tips and papillae 1C-1D to 2D and 4C; some have a slight vegetative greenish hue, 144C to 145A.
      • Pedicel.—Absent.
      • Pedicel color.—N/A.
      • Staminate flower.—Minute or reduced to absent (sessile) in pistillate flowers.
      • Sepal color.—10D at end near papery edges with vegetative streaks down center of each sepal, N144B to N144C, depending on maturity.
      • Pollen.—N/A.
      • Seed.—Textured, globular, and encased in trichomated leaf-like fused bract (perigonium), solitary, ovoid, and slightly compressed. Seeds weigh 0.01 g-0.02 g each.
      • Seed length.—Typically 4-7 mm in length.
      • Marbeling of seed.—Medium.
      • Petal.—Apetalous (petals absent in flowers, but sepals present on staminate flowers).
  • Other characteristics:
      • Aroma.—Earthy aromatic herbal smell with a hint of citrus/pine scent and a general sweetness.
      • Proportion of hermaphrodite plants.—Lower (˜10%) in vegetative clones; more moderate in populations from seeds harvested from fields (segregating population and not necessarily selfed).
      • Hardiness.—Hardy to tolerate moist and damp conditions without showing stress.
      • Breaking action.—Branches are highly flexible. Central stem is strong so that stem breakage usually does not occur.
      • Seed shattering.—About 30-50% of seeds shatter readily if plants are grown in the field.
      • Rooting rate after cutting/cloning.—CW2A rooting rate is 95-99% on average; vigorous.
      • Total THC and CBD content at harvest maturity.—(i) Total THC content: 0.13% to 0.27%; (ii) Total CBD content: 4.50% to 6.24%.
In addition, provided herein are further descriptions of the new cultivar of ‘CW2A’ CW2A has the following characteristics:
Growth Habit:
    • CW2A plant has long and slender leaflets/leaves and is 1-4 meters in height at maturity depending on growth conditions (“sativa-dominant”). Monoecious characteristics without stress manipulation are not common, but occasionally observed. Dioecious plant has hermaphroditic tendencies.
    • CW2A also shows premature flowering without change in light duration though it is still responsive to light/dark cycle (12/12 hours) for inducing flowering. Elongated nodes bear palmately compound leaf structures on elongated petioles. Nodes tend to stack in early growth stages and elongate in later parts of vegetative growth. In immature vegetative growth stages, the plant often shows flower primordia or fully formed flower structures as evidenced by pairs of white, hair-like stigmatic tendrils at nodal branch points. Inflorescences are long and spear like indeterminate inflorescences.
      Flowering and Seed Formation:
Timing of flowering is largely dependent (if not entirely) on photoperiod.
Week 1-Week 2
    • vigorous growth,
    • pistillate flowers are already present, the maturity rate and pistillate flowers grow very rapidly and multiply,
    • pistillate flowers are in prime condition for pollination and beginning seed formation in early flowering stages due to monecious characteristics.
      Week 2-Week 4
    • vigorous growth continues,
    • more pistillate flowers grow and begin forming first bud like structure between two and three weeks,
    • pistillate flowers are in prime condition for seed formation up to three and a half weeks.
      Week 4-Week 6
    • vigorous growth slows down,
    • buds begin to swell,
    • plant has nearly doubled in size from last day of vegetative stage,
    • bud characteristics begin to mature,
    • plant terpenes are at their peak potency at 6 weeks,
    • male staminate flowers begin to form and open (yellow banana shaped sacs).
      Week 6-Week 8
    • buds begin to swell to full potential,
    • seeds begin to form and mature at internodes and within flower buds,
    • all characteristics are realized,
    • yellowing of the leaves occur naturally,
    • cannabidiol compounds are at their peak at week 8,
    • leaves begin to naturally yellow.
      Week 8-Week 10
    • leaves dry,
    • leaves and seeds drop,
    • volatile terpene compounds extremely diminish,
    • cannabidiol compounds slowly diminish.
      Growth Conditions:
      Vegetative Stage
    • 75-85 degrees F. is ideal, temps up to 90 degrees F. are not harmful,
    • 40-60% relative humidity.
      Flowering Stage
    • 75-85 degrees F. (nights getting cooler, as low as 40 degrees F.),
    • 40-50% relative humidity.
In another embodiment, temperature and humidity ranges may be decreased or increased to account for all weather conditions.
Shape of Plant at Maturity:
    • long and spear like flowers,
    • bushy but elongated branches,
    • height and shape depends on planting pattern,
    • when planted with space (5 feet apart), plant bushes and is 5-6 feet tall,
    • when planted close (2 feet or less apart), plant is longer and more string/spear flower characteristics and be up to 12 feet tall.
      Branching Habits:
    • dependent upon planting pattern. With sufficient space, the plant forms branches 360 degrees with a concentration of branches forming toward the sun or light source. The branches are long, spear like, and have tendency to break in high winds due to its length (flower and leaf surface area). Node length on branches start very short in early vegetative stage and elongate as the plant matures. Full flower internode length can be up to 3″ inches long.
      Rooting Ability:
    • Roots grow easily under the proper environment starting from propagation that comprises a temperature of about 70-75 degrees Fahrenheit, 50% relative humidity, 35-55% moisture content in the soil or media, and appropriate lighting.
    • Feeder roots grow 360 degrees, are typically found 3″ inches below ground level, and stay in the top 18″ inches of soil. Brace roots typically stay within the center of the plant and can go as deep as 3 feet for maximum stability in windy conditions.
      Timing of Duration of Flowering Session:
The timing of the flowering duration is dependent on the degrees latitude positioned on the globe. The dates are dependent on the northern or southern hemisphere. Northern Hemisphere is used below:
    • 40-50 degrees latitude typically begins flowering stage July 5-July 15 to full maturity September 10-September 20; 30-40 degrees latitude typically begins flowering stage July 15- July 25 to full maturity September 20-September 30; 15-30 degrees latitude a later and longer flowering duration is assumed; 0-15 degrees latitude flowering will occur any time of the year because of consistent 12-13 hours of sunlight/day.
In another embodiment, temperature and time ranges may be decreased or increased to account for location change.
Botanical Description of CW2A:
Bark:
    • tan colored with inner bast fibers running vertical between the inner woody core and bark.
      Buds:
    • 1″-5″ inches thick,
    • long and resembling spears,
    • spiral pattern early but much more full bud like structures later on,
    • medium on density scale.
      Blossoms:
    • occur predominantly in males but are present in nearly all females,
    • yellow oval sac shapes,
    • Male sacs open in early flowering stages of week 2 through week 4,
    • Females will open later from week 4 through week 6.
      Leaves
    • are developed in early vegetative stage,
    • leaves are jagged, long and skinny,
    • large leaves, larger leaves if started from seed.
      Fruit:
    • described in the buds,
    • full essence and character is not recognized until week 6 in flower.
      Fragrance:
    • earthy and light smoky with a hint of piney mint.
      Disease Resistance:
    • resistant to common viruses and fungal diseases,
    • In the wrong soil conditions, fungal diseases can occur,
    • susceptible to molds and mildews if grown indoors without proper ventilation and high relative humidity (constantly greater than 60% relative humidity).
      Drought Resistance:
    • more tolerant in clay loams and higher organic content soils.
    • less tolerant in sandy loams with lower organic content soils.
      Cold Resistance:
    • not resistant to cold though germination and emergence.
    • If the plant is exposed to less than 45 degrees Fahrenheit for longer than 6 hours, shock and much lower germ rate will occur.
    • more resistant to cold in later vegetative and mature state. The plant can withstand between 40 and 45 degrees Fahrenheit for long durations but will show signs of stress and cold shock.
    • very resistant to cold only late in flowering stage with greater root structures. The plant can withstand several days of frost and temperatures as low as 29 degrees Fahrenheit for less than 5 hours. In this condition, the plant will show extreme shock but will not die.
      Damp Resistance:
    • Plant can take moist and damp conditions without showing stress if in outside conditions and planted in the ground.
    • Plant does not like to be in oversaturated soil for long periods. Stress will occur showing an intense shrinking and curling of the leaves and nodes.
      Productivity (Sunlight, Soil, Water):
      Sunlight:
    • too much direct sunlight does not affect the plant in a harmful way.
    • does need a minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight for healthy and fruitful flowering cycle.
      Soil:
    • most productive in sandy loams where water can drain easily. This is only most productive with proper irrigation.
    • pH of 6.8-7.4 is ideal for outdoor farming.
    • pH of 6.4-6.7 is ideal for indoor and pH of 5.5-5.8 for hydroponic systems.
      Water:
    • Levels of trace minerals are effective and calcium levels of 200-400 ppm. PH of at or close to 7 is ideal for outdoor farming. PH 6.4-6.7 is best indoors and lower for hydroponics.
      Precocity (Flowering, Fruiting, or Ripening Early):
    • Volatile compounds and plant terpenes are at their peak 2-3 weeks before plant maturity.
    • Cannabidiol compounds peak 2-3 weeks before seed maturity.
      Vigor:
    • Plant shows vigorous growth in late vegetative stage and the most in the first 2 weeks of flowering stage.
      Coloration:
    • deep forest green at optimal health,
    • Plant shows different discoloration patterns at signs of nutrient deficiency,
    • yellowing in late flowering stage is natural.
      Market Use:
    • medical drugs
    • foods (e.g. salad oil, margarine, food supplements, etc.)
    • drinks (e.g. infused beverages, sport drinks, etc.)
    • technical products (e.g. oil pants, varnishes, fuel, print inks, solvents, coatings etc.)
    • personal hygiene products (e.g. cosmetics, soap, shampoo, bath gels, etc.)
    • hemp-infused pet treats
    • textile (e.g. apparel, diapers, fabrics, denim, socks, shoes, fine textiles, twine, rope, carpets, geotextiles, etc.)
    • building materials (e.g. fiberboard, insulation material, cement blocks, etc.)

Claims (1)

The invention claimed is:
1. A new and distinct cultivar of hemp plant named ‘CW2A’ substantially as shown and described herein.
US15/932,859 2018-05-10 2018-05-10 Hemp plant named ‘CW2A’ Active USPP30639P2 (en)

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US10624872B1 (en) 2017-06-29 2020-04-21 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Apparatuses, methods, and systems for extraction, isolation and conversion of various cannabinoids, and modifications of whole-plant hemp extracts therewith
US10653085B1 (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-05-19 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Hemp plant named ‘CW1AS1’
USPP32725P2 (en) 2019-10-22 2021-01-05 Biomax Seeds S.L. Cannabis plant named ‘PAN2020’
US10888060B1 (en) 2020-02-19 2021-01-12 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Hemp plant named ‘KIRSCHE’
WO2021167902A1 (en) * 2020-02-19 2021-08-26 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Hemp plant named 'kirsche'

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10624872B1 (en) 2017-06-29 2020-04-21 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Apparatuses, methods, and systems for extraction, isolation and conversion of various cannabinoids, and modifications of whole-plant hemp extracts therewith
US10849876B2 (en) 2017-06-29 2020-12-01 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Apparatuses, methods and systems for extraction, isolation and conversion of various cannabinoids, and modifications of whole-plant hemp extracts therewith
US10980773B2 (en) 2017-06-29 2021-04-20 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Apparatuses, methods and systems for extraction, isolation and conversion of various cannabinoids, and modifications of whole-plant hemp extracts therewith
US11160781B2 (en) 2017-06-29 2021-11-02 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Apparatuses, methods, and systems for extraction, isolation and conversion of various cannabinoids, and modifications of whole-plant hemp extracts therewith
US11337954B2 (en) 2017-06-29 2022-05-24 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Apparatuses, methods, and systems for extraction, isolation and conversion of various cannabinoids, and modifications of whole-plant hemp extracts therewith
US10653085B1 (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-05-19 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Hemp plant named ‘CW1AS1’
US10736295B1 (en) * 2018-12-21 2020-08-11 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Hemp plant named ‘CW1AS1’
USPP32725P2 (en) 2019-10-22 2021-01-05 Biomax Seeds S.L. Cannabis plant named ‘PAN2020’
US10888060B1 (en) 2020-02-19 2021-01-12 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Hemp plant named ‘KIRSCHE’
WO2021167902A1 (en) * 2020-02-19 2021-08-26 Charlotte's Web, Inc. Hemp plant named 'kirsche'

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