US8017081B2 - System and method for measuring effective temperature inside a sealed container - Google Patents
System and method for measuring effective temperature inside a sealed container Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8017081B2 US8017081B2 US12/262,907 US26290708A US8017081B2 US 8017081 B2 US8017081 B2 US 8017081B2 US 26290708 A US26290708 A US 26290708A US 8017081 B2 US8017081 B2 US 8017081B2
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- sealed container
- compound
- vapor
- readings
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- Expired - Fee Related, expires
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101001094837 Arabidopsis thaliana Pectinesterase 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940125773 compound 10 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N jdtic Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C)CCN(C[C@@H]2C)C[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]2NCC3=CC(O)=CC=C3C2)=CC=CC(O)=C1 ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002501 static headspace extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/02—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using evaporation or sublimation, e.g. by observing boiling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/25—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation
- Y10T436/25875—Gaseous sample or with change of physical state
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system and method of analyzing materials, and more particularly, to a system and method of accurately measuring the effective temperature inside a sealed container, such as a headspace vial.
- the technique of equilibrium headspace extraction involves placing a liquid or solid sample into a suitable sealed vial and allowing volatile analytes within the sample to reach equilibration in concentration between the sample matrix and the vapor above it (i.e., the headspace). A fixed volume of the vapor is then transferred to a gas chromatograph for analysis. At equilibration, the concentration of each analyte in the headspace is defined by the amount of the analyte present, the volumes of the two phases and the partition coefficient for that analyte between the two phases.
- the partition coefficient which is a thermodynamic property, is highly dependent on temperature and so must be carefully controlled within the instrumentation if good analytical precision is to be achieved.
- the true temperature of the vial may not be accurately measured.
- the electronic sensor used to monitor temperature is typically located within a heating belt that surrounds the oven block and is remote from the vial. As such, the temperature reading may not reflect the true vial temperature at all settings. Moreover, it is possible that all vial positions may not be at the same temperature.
- thermocouple or similar temperature-measuring probe would be inserted into the vial.
- this technique is tedious to perform, interrupts the normal operation of the instrument, and requires special tools.
- taking a reading from a single point inside the vial may not truly reflect the “effective” temperature of the whole vial. Instead, it would be more desirable to make use of a suitable sample in a vial and use chromatography to determine temperature—after all, it is this process for which standardization is being attempted.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method of measuring the effective temperature inside a sealed container having the above characteristics and which takes into account temperature variations across various container positions.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a system and method of measuring the effective temperature inside a sealed container having the above characteristics and which measures the temperature of each container separately from other containers when a plurality of containers are used.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method of measuring the effective temperature inside a sealed container having the above characteristics and which takes into account the fact that the container temperature may change over time.
- Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide a system and method of measuring the effective temperature inside a sealed container having the above characteristics and which allows for temperature calibration.
- Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a system and method of measuring the effective temperature inside a sealed container having the above characteristics and which can be used to evaluate the temperature control performance of an instrument.
- Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a system and method of measuring the effective temperature inside a sealed container having the above characteristics and which is easy to perform.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method of measuring the effective temperature inside a sealed container having the above characteristics and which does not interrupt the normal operation of the instrument.
- Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a system and method of measuring the effective temperature inside a sealed container having the above characteristics and which does not require special tools.
- Yet still a further object of the present invention is to provide a system and method of measuring the effective temperature inside a sealed container having the above characteristics and which uses chromatography to determine temperature.
- the chromatographic readings comprise readings of peak areas of the liquid solvent and the solid compound.
- the calculating step comprises the step of calculating a temperature within the sealed container based upon a ratio of the readings of peak areas of the liquid solvent and the solid compound.
- the liquid solvent comprises n-dodecane and the solid compound comprises naphthalene. In another embodiment, the liquid solvent comprises n-octadecane and the solid compound comprises anthracene.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sealed vial for which the temperature can be measured in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the ideal vapor pressure behavior for a binary mixture according to Raoult's Law as employed by the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of chromatograms of a n-dodecane and naphthalene test mix thermostatted over a range of temperatures which illustrates a portion of the theory underlying the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a plot of area ratio (naphthalene/n-dodecane) versus set temperature in ° C. which illustrates a portion of the theory underlying the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a plot of a linear relationship between the areas of naphthalene and n-dodecane which illustrates a portion of the theory underlying the present invention.
- this method relies on the solubility of a solid compound 10 in a suitable liquid solvent. Sufficient solid 10 is added to ensure that a saturated solution 12 is produced.
- the saturation concentration is highly temperature dependent but should always be the same at any given temperature. This effect will also mean that the concentration of both compound vapors in the headspace 14 inside a sealed vial 16 containing the saturated solution 12 will also be predictable at any given temperature.
- the compound concentrations in the headspace 14 are now dependent on both liquid solubility and vapor pressure and should give an enhanced temperature effect.
- naphthalene was chosen as the solid compound and n-dodecane was chosen as the liquid solvent. These compounds were found to be appropriate for a number reasons, such as the fact that they are both hydrocarbons and should give relative response factor reproducibility on all flame ionization detectors. Moreover, n-dodecane becomes saturated with naphthalene at concentrations of approximately 30% at ambient temperature, which simplifies the measuring process. Furthermore, the vapor pressures of pure n-dodecane and pure naphthalene are similar, they are chromatographically-friendly compounds that can be run on almost any column, and their vapor pressure curves are significantly different.
- n-dodecane and naphthalene are not meant to be limiting in any way, and the use of numerous combinations of compounds with the inventive measurement method is contemplated. More specifically, experiments have shown that the use of n-dodecane and naphthalene may be limited to temperatures in the region of about 40 to 70° C. (naphthalene melts at 800° C.). For higher temperatures, other compounds, such a combination of n-octadecane and anthracene, may be used without departing from the present invention.
- the general procedure employed with the present invention involves the following steps. First, a vial containing an approximately 10-90 mix of n-dodecane and naphthalene is placed into a headspace sampler and allowed to thermostat (i.e., typically for about 20 minutes) at the set temperature. Next, a suitable volume of the equilibrated headspace vapor is transferred to a chromatographic column for determination. Finally, the temperature of the headspace vial is derived from the ratio of the two peak areas, as more fully discussed below.
- vapor pressure of a component in a binary mixture may be conveniently described by Raoult's Law as:
- p 0 is the vapor pressure of the compound in the mixture
- x is the mole fraction of the compound in the mixture
- n 1 is the number of moles of the other compound
- n 2 is the number of moles of the compound being studied
- FIG. 2 which graphically illustrates the ideal vapor pressure behavior for a binary mixture according to Raoult's Law, shows how the relative vapor pressure, hence vapor phase concentration, of each component depends on the concentration of that component in the liquid mixture and the vapor pressure of the pure compound. If the vapor were to be chromatographed, then the peak area ratio for the two compounds would be dependent on both their liquid concentrations and pure vapor pressures.
- L f is the molar heat of fusion
- R is the gas constant
- T 0 is the compound freezing point absolute temperature
- T is the absolute temperature of the solution
- L v is the molar heat of vaporization
- Equations 1, 2 and 3 may be expected because of inter-molecular forces. Therefore, these relationships should be used only for guidance.
- Equations 1, 2 and 3 may be combined to give Equations 4 or 5, which relate the predicted vapor pressure, p 0 , for a component in a saturated mixture to temperature, T, as follows:
- p 0 ′ is the predicted vapor pressure for the second compound
- a′ is a constant relating to the second compound
- b′ is a constant relating to the second compound
- c′ is a constant relating to the second compound
- d′ is a constant relating to the second compound
- Equation 6 may be reduced to the final form:
- Equation 7 also applies to the peak area ratio, as described more fully below.
- FIG. 3 shows chromatograms of the n-dodecane and naphthalene test mix thermostatted over a range of temperatures.
- the experimental conditions are given in Table 1.
- FIG. 4 shows a plot of area ratio (naphthalene/n-dodecane to give a positive slope) versus set temperature in ° C.
- the non-smoothness in the plot may be caused by errors in the measurement or may be a true indication of varying vial temperature (readings were taken with different vials, in different carousel positions and at different times).
- the temperature of the vial can be determined by employing a chromatograph to measure the peak areas for n-dodecane and naphthalene.
- the present invention therefore, provides a method of measuring the effective temperature inside a sealed container which accurately reflects the true container temperature at all instrument settings, which takes into account temperature variations across various container positions, which measures the temperature of each container separately from other containers when a plurality of containers are used, which takes into account the fact that the container temperature may change over time, which allows for temperature calibration, which can be used to evaluate the temperature control performance of an instrument, which is easy to perform, which does not interrupt the normal operation of the instrument, which does not require special tools, and which uses chromatography to determine temperature.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Where:
Where:
Where:
Where:
Where:
Where:
TABLE 1 |
Experimental Conditions |
Chromatograph | AutoSystem XL (PerkinElmer Instruments) |
Column | 30 m × 0.32 mm × 1.0 μm PE-5 (PerkinElmer |
Instruments) | |
Oven | 200° C. Isothermal |
Carrier Gas | Helium at 12.5 psig with PPC |
Interface | Split injector at 250° C. with low dead |
volume liner | |
Detector | FID at 300° C., range x1, attenuation x4 |
Headspace | HS40 XL (PerkinElmer Instruments) |
Thermostat Temp. | 44° C. to 72° C. in 4° increments |
Thermostat Time | 20 min. |
Pressure | 15 psig with PPC |
Press Time | 1 min. |
Inject Time | 0.02 min. |
Withdrawal Time | 0.5 min. |
Sample | 180 mg naphthalene and 20 mg n-dodecane in 22- |
ml vial | |
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/262,907 US8017081B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2008-10-31 | System and method for measuring effective temperature inside a sealed container |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/079,712 US6645773B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2002-02-20 | Method for measuring effective temperature inside a sealed container |
US10/621,942 US7459313B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2003-07-17 | Method for measuring effective temperature inside a sealed container |
US12/262,907 US8017081B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2008-10-31 | System and method for measuring effective temperature inside a sealed container |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/621,942 Continuation US7459313B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2003-07-17 | Method for measuring effective temperature inside a sealed container |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090052497A1 US20090052497A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
US8017081B2 true US8017081B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 |
Family
ID=27660322
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/079,712 Expired - Lifetime US6645773B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2002-02-20 | Method for measuring effective temperature inside a sealed container |
US10/621,942 Expired - Lifetime US7459313B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2003-07-17 | Method for measuring effective temperature inside a sealed container |
US12/262,907 Expired - Fee Related US8017081B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2008-10-31 | System and method for measuring effective temperature inside a sealed container |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/079,712 Expired - Lifetime US6645773B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2002-02-20 | Method for measuring effective temperature inside a sealed container |
US10/621,942 Expired - Lifetime US7459313B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2003-07-17 | Method for measuring effective temperature inside a sealed container |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6645773B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1338875B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60313521T2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100101411A1 (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2010-04-29 | Andrew Tipler | Chromatography systems and methods using them |
US20100242579A1 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-09-30 | Andrew Tipler | Sorbent devices with longitudinal diffusion paths and methods of using them |
US20110079143A1 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2011-04-07 | Lee Marotta | Sorbent devices and methods of using them |
US8562837B2 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2013-10-22 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Backflush methods and devices for chromatography |
US8794053B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2014-08-05 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Fluidic devices and methods using them |
US10753913B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2020-08-25 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Chromatography systems with mobile phase generators |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7563022B2 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2009-07-21 | Ontario Power Generation Inc. | Methods and apparatus for inspecting reactor pressure tubes |
US9399912B2 (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2016-07-26 | Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. | Passive sampling device and method of sampling and analysis |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3753369A (en) | 1970-12-28 | 1973-08-21 | Monsanto Co | Recording of reciprocal of temperature |
US4670400A (en) | 1981-05-18 | 1987-06-02 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Determination of monomer conversion by headspace analysis |
US5405836A (en) * | 1993-03-02 | 1995-04-11 | Nabisco, Inc. | Pet foods with water-soluble zinc compound coating for controlling malodorous breath |
US5431023A (en) | 1994-05-13 | 1995-07-11 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Process for the recovery of oxygen from a cryogenic air separation system |
US5441700A (en) | 1993-06-07 | 1995-08-15 | Markelov; Michael | Headspace autosampler apparatus |
US5792423A (en) | 1993-06-07 | 1998-08-11 | Markelov; Michael | Headspace autosampler apparatus and method |
US5932482A (en) | 1998-08-10 | 1999-08-03 | Markelov; Michael | Headspace vial apparatus and method |
US6146895A (en) | 1990-03-02 | 2000-11-14 | Tekmar Company | Method of static headspace analyzer |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2734363B1 (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1997-08-01 | Pernod Ricard | METHOD FOR MEASURING THE 18O AND / OR 15N CONTENT OF A CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE, APPARATUS AND PYROLYSIS DEVICE |
-
2002
- 2002-02-20 US US10/079,712 patent/US6645773B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-02-20 DE DE60313521T patent/DE60313521T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-20 EP EP03003837A patent/EP1338875B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-17 US US10/621,942 patent/US7459313B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2008
- 2008-10-31 US US12/262,907 patent/US8017081B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
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US3753369A (en) | 1970-12-28 | 1973-08-21 | Monsanto Co | Recording of reciprocal of temperature |
US4670400A (en) | 1981-05-18 | 1987-06-02 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Determination of monomer conversion by headspace analysis |
US6146895A (en) | 1990-03-02 | 2000-11-14 | Tekmar Company | Method of static headspace analyzer |
US5405836A (en) * | 1993-03-02 | 1995-04-11 | Nabisco, Inc. | Pet foods with water-soluble zinc compound coating for controlling malodorous breath |
US5441700A (en) | 1993-06-07 | 1995-08-15 | Markelov; Michael | Headspace autosampler apparatus |
US5792423A (en) | 1993-06-07 | 1998-08-11 | Markelov; Michael | Headspace autosampler apparatus and method |
US5431023A (en) | 1994-05-13 | 1995-07-11 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Process for the recovery of oxygen from a cryogenic air separation system |
US5932482A (en) | 1998-08-10 | 1999-08-03 | Markelov; Michael | Headspace vial apparatus and method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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James Chickos, et al.; Sublimation enthalphies at 298.15K using gas chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry measurements; 1998; 10 pages. |
Penton, Zelda, "Headspace Measurement of Ethanol in Blood by Gas Chromatography" Clin. Chem. 31/3, 439-441 (1985). * |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20100101411A1 (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2010-04-29 | Andrew Tipler | Chromatography systems and methods using them |
US10309939B2 (en) | 2008-05-27 | 2019-06-04 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Chromatography systems and methods using them |
US8721768B2 (en) | 2008-05-27 | 2014-05-13 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Chromatography systems and methods using them |
US8303694B2 (en) | 2008-05-27 | 2012-11-06 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Chromatography systems and methods using them |
US8561484B2 (en) | 2009-03-24 | 2013-10-22 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Sorbent devices with longitudinal diffusion paths and methods of using them |
US20100242579A1 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-09-30 | Andrew Tipler | Sorbent devices with longitudinal diffusion paths and methods of using them |
US8388736B2 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2013-03-05 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Sorbent devices and methods of using them |
US20110079143A1 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2011-04-07 | Lee Marotta | Sorbent devices and methods of using them |
US9186613B2 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2015-11-17 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Sorbent devices and methods of using them |
US8794053B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2014-08-05 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Fluidic devices and methods using them |
US10399030B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2019-09-03 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Fluidic devices and methods for modulating flow of fluid in chromatography system to provide tree way switching |
US8562837B2 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2013-10-22 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Backflush methods and devices for chromatography |
US10753913B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2020-08-25 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Chromatography systems with mobile phase generators |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20090052497A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
US20040014232A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
DE60313521T2 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
US20030156987A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
US6645773B2 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
EP1338875B1 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
EP1338875A1 (en) | 2003-08-27 |
DE60313521D1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
US7459313B2 (en) | 2008-12-02 |
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