US76654A - Improvement in induction-coil apparatus and in cisouit-bbeaiers - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets$heet L Cl GI induction Coil Apparatus and Circuit Breaker.

Patented Apr.14,1868.

2 SheetsSheet 2. C. G. PAGE.

Induction Coil Apparatus and Circuit Breaker.

Patented Apr. 14, I868.

To wuon z'r mu comma;

fi luitch' gttttzs i j'atent @ffirt.

. "1; "a? a! it CHARLES GRAFTON PAGE,or-w sHING'mN,DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

- Later run-n A. ram-,4; dim-(l April 14, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT 111 monomer-con. APPARATUS AND IN cinema-BREAKERS.

aitrfitlnith riluutiq' in ihtSt ifcttirs ilatuit ant making part lb; stat.

Bo it known that 1', Campus Glltttrox Paar, ofll'ashing ten, in the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and usei'ul Improvements in Iudnction-Coil- Apparatus and Qircuit-Breahers; and I h reb'y deolare the following to he a full, clcar,'a nd exact deseripionot' the same, reference being had to tho'aceomp'anying drawing 'lhe induction-coil consists of a metallic conductor, (copper is generally preferred,) in the form ofwire, l'utttid or otherwise, or a flat'stripol' nretal,coilc d up in thet'orm of, a hclix-reel, or-hobhin, as it is sometimes called, orin the form of a flat spiral, the helix or hehhin or spiral usually having a central or core-opening in its axis to adujit of the introduction ofa bar of iron, or bundle of iron wires, r other form ofiirohf The wire or strip of metal is covered with' cotton, silk, or some insulating-substance, or someinsulating-material is intro. ducledhctwe'en each turr oi the wire, or sometimes the wires are merely spaced, that is,'each tnrnsepara t'd by a-s'mall intcrral, and an insulating-substance placed between each layer. This \rire er strip may be of the same size throughout'its length; or, in the case of'p'ires, two wires maybe used, one of greater diameter than the other, and of much less length or, in the case of strips, one strip may be thinner-and lolngerthanv the other.

When the wire orstrip iscontinuons'throughout, and its entire length is includedin a galraniccireiiiu it isfifllletL a simple primary coil or circuit. When the galvanic current passes through such primary coil or circuit, a moment ry eurreutot induction is set up in thewire or strip, contrary to the direction gef thegalranic current;

and causes resistance to it. This currentis called the initial secondary current. Whcn' the "galvanic citrront is'arrested in the wire or strip, another momentary current of induction is set up in the wire, Haring the some direction as. the galvanic curre'nt. Ifthe battery-current he stnong,.and the wire or strip of considerable length, when both ends of the wire are grasped, onc'in ench \hand, an electric shock is felt at the moment the galvanic -current is arrested in the wire, and the strength of tho sheclsbears some proportion to the strength of the gul {ranic current, and thelcngth, size: and insulation 05 the wire. This current is called the terminal seeondary, but generally the extra current, and-the shock isaan electrostatic eil'ect. indicating a current of higher intensity than that of vthe battery which produced it. v 7

These shocks are administered to'the'humen system for the cure of many diseases, and as it is important that they should he producedin rapid succession, and without mechanical vaid frenrthc operator, I have combined with said coil an instrument or-mnehine, hereinafter described,for arresting the galvanic current with rapidity, and without assistance from tho'operator, :nhich machine I call the automatic circuit-breaker and to this end I have invented a variety of forms of such circuit-breakers, which will be found useful for such purpose, some of which will he hereinafter described. I have also sometimes found itcxpedieut to combine with such coil an automatic and amcchanical circuit-breaker both, usingfor such mechanical circuit-breaker a spur or rag or sprocket-wheel,revolving against a conducting spring pressing on the points of the spurs, or a bar or strip of metal, with a coarse or'rasp-lilto surface, over which a'wirc is drawn by hand. The spring, pressing upon the periphery of the wheels or their teeth, and the wheels themselves making part of the some circuit with the coil, the circuit is broken each time the spring passes from one tooth to another, and so with the wire and rasp, which it is not necessary to describe further. The introduction of iron into the core of said coil or spiral increases the intensity of the shocks. It was found, however, that a simple primary coil, on account of its grcatlength, required too much battery-power to produce strong shocks, and I have-therefore contrived a twq circuitimachin c, inirhich there is a primary and a sedoudary circuit, the primary circuit, which is' comparatively a short circuit, and is to transmit the buttery-current, and a secondary circuit, of many times the length of said primary circuit, and is to furnieh the shocks and electrostatic effects.

By this arrangement a small battery of low intensity may be made to produce shocks ofgreat power and high intensity from said secondary circuit. If the wire or strip of metal is continuous throughout, then, by

having a metallic connection made with only a small portion of the coil, so that the galvanic current maybe sent through that portion which is called the primary circuit, the shock may be taken from the extreme ends of the whole coil, or fromthe secmdarylcircuit or portion thereof, which is longer than that oti'the primary circuit, or portion conveyinglthe battery-current. Thcshocl is stron'gcrlby including-the-wholo coil between the hands, because we have the-combined effects of the two circuits. I-"his re su1t is the same, whether the wire he of the same size throughout, or whether'we use a. large wire for theLprimery circuit and .a'smallwire for the secondary circuit. For the purpose of graduating thoshoclrs, a number of metallic connections may be made at diiferent points in the length ofthe whole circuit, and thus any desired length of circuit may be included between the connections to be grasped by the handgundony desircdstrcngtb of shock given. And thus, also, the portion included in the battery or primary circuit may be vnriednt pleasure. This construction is shown in Figure 1. It is, however, generally preferred to have but two circuits,viz, primary and secondary circuit.-

The figure represents a. vertical. section through the middle of slot spiral of copper ribbon, coiled in the manner of a watch-spring, withvarnished silk, cotton, or papor-bet meon c ach turn of the spiral. It is enclosed in a. box, and has a metalliostelu'sonncctcd with the central end of the ribbon, rising through the coverof the box, and supporting o'large cup, esigned to hold mercury. This cupis best made ofglass, so as to exhibit the induction-sparks toadvantagc, which are produccd 'esch time the hettcry-bircuitis brolren at the surface of the mercury.

The spiral has tieverelsmeili-cups, .c, attaciiod' tojnictallic,stenis"connoctcdwithvarious ports of the spiral at diflerent distances from its centre. .By placing' 'one polo of the battery iueo'n'n'eotion with the control .cup P, sndjhe other pole in connection with the other cupsp, successively, the slidclrsla'ndjfith er --olectrostotio efl'ects -w ill be found to in'crcasc, the farther from the'cjcntre'ot' the coil the connection is' formod, whenever laid connection is broken. The battory-currcnt m'sy he'passedthroughthe part included between c and P, and the shohlcs and electrostoticcfi'ects derived from tho whole ooil, or a'ny portion thereof, including the part conveying 'the battery-circuit or not. v 1

. when the portion of the coil ii'ontside ot -'or' extraneous to the botter'y-ci'rcoitfes the part between the cup I a, next the'ccntrnl cup, and the cup connected with tho'outcr' crtrcmity' of tho-lpiral, or any portion included between such middle'and outer cupfthen this portion is called the pure 'sccoiidory'circuig'whether it be inde pendent or metallically connected with the primary circuit. Itjrill be-it'ouud snore economical of space, and c more advantageous in regard to the power and intensity of the secondary circnitgtd make it of much thinner metallic ribbon than the primary circuit. 1 Y

R represents a. rasp circuit-breaker, consisting of a coarser-asp of m'ctaLlto bo'counectod' with the central cup, and then the circuit may be broken with rapidity by drawing the pole-of tlre'battory over this rosp, whim also our part of the main circuit. The mechanical cireait-breakersnnch u the spur-wheels, are used with efiieiency with the primary inithis case. mechanical circuit-breakers are -1ndctstood, and new so generally in disuse, that it is not neccssa'ry'to describe can morcparticularly; ".l he representation of the resp R is the type'of them all. Thus this'instrumcnt has within itself the meaps of graduating the power of the shocks without changing the :force of the battery-current. It is,-'however; generally preferred for simplicity to have but two circuits, via, a primary and one secondary circuit, regulating the shocksby other'means,und to make the primary of coarse wire, usually of copper, choosing such size as may'bo suited to the intended size of the coil, using from No. 9.0 wire up to dim-'10, or c'ren largerfthc larger s'iz'cs being used for large coils.

The wire is insulated, as before mentioned, and usually wound in a coil or hclir, on two, three, or four superposed layers, leaving a core-spice in the axis, as before described. his is shown in Figure 2, where A represents the coil fixed .to'sstand." This coil has three or four layers oi wire, and the opposite ends of the wires pass down through the hase board'n, and are connected respectively; underneath the board to the bindingscrcwcups,'C'D. i v I The enclosed elcctro-magnet, m, is seen projecting above the'coil, and is composed of abundlo of loft-iron wires, separated from the primurycoil a lsy'crof "some insulating-materiaLsuch as varnished cotton, or silk, or oiled silk, or any known insulator that is npplicable. 'If' the wires are clean and bright, it is best to varnish them. Exterior to the primary is the secondary coil, S. This coil isroads of tide wire, from a thirtieth to a hundredth of an inch in diameter, and of gr'catlength as comparedwith the primary'coil. At first they were made of one to three thousuu'dfeet, but at the present day-secondary coils are made sometimes of the immense length of fifty to eighty miles and upwards. It is important to insulate my carefully tho individual spires or turns of the secondary wires by vainishing with solution of shellac, and-also to. separate each layer from the next by a thick coating of shellac or layers of oilcdsilk,-or varuishedpaper, cotton, or othorsuitabio insulating material. I I g This careful insulation is o" "uportanc'c in proportion to the size and pon'cr'of the coil. 'Fo r smali'coils' it may be neglected to a great bottom, and a very-energetic coil may be niade when'of small size,-say three inches in l'ength,by using silk-covered wire without varnish,.nsing only oiled silk br'rarnished paper between each layer, or even a. good coating of shellac varnish between each layer, in which case cottcl'i cov ered wire may bo used.' "The wire may be of iron or copper, the latter being preferable in most c'ascsQ- The secondary coil in fi'n2 is provided with caps, l l', mado' oi me tal"or wood," the letter, or some insulating-substance, being preferable, and the extremities of the wireof the coil are connected with the binding-screw cups u i, inserted in or attached to these cups. .The secondary coil is also well insulated from the primary coil by intervening layers of insulating-material. I I

The rasp circuit-breaker R consists of-a bar of brass, iron, or other metal, having a conrscly-scrratcd sur face, and suspended upon the short pillars h I4. lllountcd on one end oflhc stand is :u: uutomaticcircuits breaker. It consists of a small clcctro-mnguct, E, for the coil of which only, :Ti'cw foot of insulated wire are required, and the extremities of this wire pass down through the base-board, as shown in the ilrnwing,'und are connected underneath with the circuit-wires. The armature a the magnet is attached to a revolving shaft,

cup 4, andth sprin 'gs' revti'ngnpontheme wire iifand" circulating upsard t hro'ugl .t t his tiivil, inn? pass out through thcwire spring 1, which terminates h pper-s. 'the'iprojec or seeti onal' portionfintojspringi, thence downward,- to cup I, and sojbacl: to the battery. The eflect offthis pass agc pt..tlio qurrent will hotooharge the electro-magn'et, which will attract the armature, so

v ;e, which has its lower hearing on the ben'd of the magnet, and its upper bearing in the adjustable'pivot-scrow d, supported in the frame or yokeh-conncctcdwiththe poles of the magnet. Two light springnvires, a: :v',-hear upon tho Jsb al't-e." The upper one, 1', beers upon acylindrieal partof the shaft, and 2:! upon what is called the cutofi, consisting of two projections ot 'metal from opposite-sides of the shaft. The operation of this cut-ofi' and circuit brca'lccr isbest understoodbyrefereuce to a detachedview of'the instrument in Figure 3, where the Mirna cylindrical piece or ferrule of. metal slipped .over. the. shaft, the upper portion of it being entire, for the bearing of the swee g and the lowerfiport ion being dissected, having trro metallic portiousprojecting on opposite sides and the intervening portionsdillegl up yvithiwood, ivory, or some non-conducting material. -Oneextremity of .the'jvirecoil is shown in eon neetionv with hindingscrew cup a, and the lower end of springi is conncctionwith "screw-cape. spi ndle or shaft ofthe armature h revolves within a tubular socket or bearing, t, supported u'ponths u'oodonor ivory disE 6, supported betweenthe branches of the electro- I imag netli spring passes-manganese alse-supported-bysthis disk or brace.

It, now, we's'upp one'pole of '{a 'alvanic battery is connected with cup a, and the OtllCfjPOlO with alliogdiyisionhf the cut-ofl', the galvanic circuit will be complete The current, s s-indicated bythefarrowsflrill pass up the wire-connection a of the coil or branch g downwardTthrou gh thisfoil,; will passi acrosslto the coil 'or. branchb', through connectingthroughou of; this 'coi'l,- -i n .th placid-portion hf thogcut-oflf on. the shaft of the armature, thence through as to bringIi'ts ends-directly cvertho poles of thdmagnot. Just before it reaches this. position, the spring 6 has passed out of m'etallieeonn cction with-tho cut-off, by leaving the metallicprojection, and the galvaniccurrent being thus interrupted, the magnetism ceases, and allows the armatureto swing round by its momentum a little more than: a half circle, and the oppositc projection coming against the spring Qagain establishes the circuit. The movcmcnt'bt thonarmaturc is repeated, and each time with renewed impulsc,-unti1 it gets into very rapid motion, thus breaking and rencwing the circuit automatically. Now, if the circuit of this instrumentis made. part of the circuit ojf thc :primary coil, it is evident that its circuit will be brokcnrapidly, and at each break a shock will be felt-upon touching the crtrcmitics oifthe secondary coil S. If the ondsof the Wires connected with the cup? of coil S are brought near to each other, sparkswill pass bctweeuthem, at mate lure of the primary eircuitjand a Lcyde n jar maybe charged;by-them, one of tbowires connected {with the knob of the jarbcing insulated {rem the hand, and shocl zs maybe received from the Leydeu jar. g'igfllglsdhc indications obtained, even from one eudol' its wirc, if be insulated. a In order to opcratoithc rasp or mechanical circuit-brcalrer, it must beconnected withone and of the circuit of tho primary'ccih and a wire, connected with the other endof the circuitihcld in the hand, is drawn over its teeth, each tooth operating .as a circuit-breaker, and shocks and other indications may be taken from the secondary circuit, before. lnstcad of the straight rasp, a spur,rag, or cog, or sprocket-wheel may be used, and turned'by hand orotherwisc, and in this case the terminal wire which was held in the handisfixed to trostatic phenomenamay bd eihibitedby the induced-current from the secon'daryrpoil; aui i'spla'rl rma'xiduothen the baseboard, andso as to press upon the periphcry' ot' .the spur-wheel.

It will be found, generally, that the harder the pressure uponthe rasps or wheel with the wire, the stronger the indicationsfrom the secondary circuit, and that a certain degree of rapidity is necessary to insure the maximum eii'cct. If the interruptions are too frequcnt, the shocks may be diminished, as the coil and magnet do not get time to receive a full char go from thebatter y between the interruptions. The maximum rate of inter ruption is to hedet ermin'e d in each case byegpcrimcnt. Asa general rule, the larger the instrument or coils, the slower mu bathe rate of interruption, i f

Instead of a bundle orir o ii wii-cs plsccd iiiljth axis of the cell, the magnet may consist of thin plates,

'-as shown in Figure 4, and the platcsim a y be made to adhere by varnish between them; or a piece of thin sheet iron, rolletl up into a scrolLas shown in Figure 5, may he used, the surface of the iron being covered with varnish; or a bar of iron,- divided by a longitudina furrow: or groove down to its axis, as shown in Figure 6, may be used. The bundle of wires is,'-liowcrcr, the prcfcrh hle form, as shown'inFiguro 7, thcbuudlc, or fasciculus, a s it is sometimes callcdpbeingbound dr p-rapped ijth some non-conductingrmaterial. This species of magnet Lcall the compound or dividcd elec tro-inagnet. The bundle may sometimes be left movable in and out from. the coil, as its movements ordegv'c'e of insertion in the coil regulates the force of the shock and the development of the electrostatic properties of the secondary circuit In the case of the remedinl application of the instrument, this mode of regulation is very convenient.

The secondary coil may also be made movable longitudinally, in the direction of its axis, and this movement will also regulatethe force of the secondary current. If the secondary coil be made shorter in the direction hf its axis than the primary, it will furnish more powerful currents when it occupies the middle portion-of the primary than when towards'either end, as set forth in Davis's Manual'ot' Magnetism, published in Boston, edition of 1842, page 180. if i I Instead of a revolving armature for a circuit-breaker, a vibrating-armaturemay be substituted, and the latter will be found more co nvenient, for several reasons. One especially is, that it can be readily adjusted so as to increase or diminish the rate of interruption of the circuit, and the force to be overcome in working it.

A vibrating automatic circuit-breaker, consisting of a very small electro-magnetic bar, vibrating between the arms of a permanent magnet, the magnet changing its poles at each vibration, the length of vibration of the bar being regulated by a set-screw, makes a good circuit-breaker, and will be found fully descrihedby me in, Silliman's Journal, volume grxxii, page 355 to page 358, in a communication dated April 19, 1837. This species is, however, not so simple as others, and further ullusionJfo-it is not necessary. A vibrating-armature is pref- -erable, as it requires no change of poles to eil'eet its motion, this being produced by merely intercepting the galvanic current at' suitable intervals. 1 I I One form of vibrating-armature is shown=at Figure- 8. small red ef-tso ft iron, about the size of that shown in the figure, is mounted nponun axis or sh'ui't, e, which-is supportedfin suitable bearings'upon two pil lurs, r, abss to yibrete freely. A small electric-magnet is supported upon one of these pillars, and the nrmature is placed between its branches, sothatoue end is above and the oth or below the plane of the magnet. One end efthe armature bears a branching copper wire, its branches passing do wn into :mercury-cups c c.

- Cup c may b'e partly of glass, so that the play ofthe end of the branch 'wire'in en'd'out of. the mercury in the cup may be seen, and the sparks prhdu'ced on-bre'alring the pircnit-rEndci-cd'vis'iblo'; When'thc magnet is charged, the armature is attracted towards its poles, and around the ends of the armature. isa ferrule, of thin brass or non-magnetic metal, to prevcntmagneti'e adhesion of the u'rma'turc'to'the magnet. I

The galvanic connections are under the baseboard, and maybe't'ra'ced as follows 0ne pole of the battery being connectedwith cup p andthe other-with cu'p n,:the currcnt'willpa'ss'along from-cup p to cup'c, as indi. cated by the arrow, thence upwards through one branch of the wire, and downwards through the other branch into cup c', thence upward .ngcin into one end of the wire, around the elcctro-ui'ugnct,'and, circulating around the wire cell, will pass out through the other end to cup 1:, and so back' to the battery. The passage of the current charges ,the magnetylifts one end-ct the armature, raises the branch wire from-the mercury in the cups c c, and breaks the circuit; lhis end then falls by itswcight, the branch vrires ovcrbalancing the other end, the circuit is again completed,'and thus it may be broken with great-rapidity i An adjusting or set-screw may be placcdon-a suitable support over this end, after the manncr of the lastnamed vibratingcircuit-brother, so asto regulate thecxtent of thcyibrationsj "like wigh't of'this end, or what may be denominated its retractile' for'ce,'mayalsu be: regulated by .a -small movable weight placed onor'over circuit of the primary coil in the'same'wayius the revolving armature. V

A more simple form of vibrating-armuture-is shown in Figure 9, in which the armature it vibrates to and from the electro-magnet d d inadircction parallel to itself. It is attached to alight brass spring I, fastened to pillar 2. ;This spring .passes through an epcning in the yolrc 3'], on'thc top of pillar 3. At p is a tipor small disk, of platinum, soldered to the spring, which Rein contact withtho platinum point on the lower end oil set-screw s, passing down through the top' of theyolie. Set-screw sis accompanied with a tighteningput,- I. This sct screw regulates the proximityof the armatnre'to the magnet, and: to some extent the tension the spring and the rapidity of its vibrations. -It will be seen, however, that the regulation or adjustment is impel-feet, for. as'the spring is pressed can towards the'magnct, tho armature is brought nearer to the magnet, and as the attractive-force increases more 'rapidly'with the diminution of the distance betwccnthe armature sna niagnet than does the foretof the spring'iuc'rcase, the adjustment is'in a measure defective.

If we now suppose the magnet d d to bcconnoctod with the battery and charged, and that the circuit with the battery is made by the current: passing up pillar 2, thence into spring s, thence into set-screw Fund pillar .3, and thence through the wires of the electro-magnet back to the battery, themhgnc't will draw down' the armature, and with it spring I, and thus brcalrthe circuit by pulling the platinum disl: away from the platinum point on the lower end of set-screw a. On breaking the circuit, the magnet loses its power, and the spring rises and completes the circuit again, the'magnct is again charged, and the armature drawn down, and breslrs the circuit again, and thus a =very rapid series of vibrations and interruptions of the circuit may be effected. It is evident, therefore, it the circuit of this brcalter be included inlo'r form a part of the main circuit, which-passes through the primary coil, that at each break an induced current will besetup in the secondary ceil, as with: the other circuit-breakers.

The above circuit-breakers, it will be seen, are all independent or detached circuit-breakers, that is, they each require an extra clectro magnet with a circuit of its own, and this, of course, consumes a certain portion of the battery-power. To avoid this objection, I have invented an 'uttached circuit-breaker, in which no independent or extra magnet or coil is nsed, 'with an adjustment to regulate its rctractile force, and the distance also from the magnetic core of the helix --twe important features, particularly the first named. This device is shown in Figure 10. The coils s are scoured to a base-board, and enclose abundle of softiren wires, seen projecting slightly at a. v v Between the twojpillars z is suspended thejvibratin'g' clcctretomo, or what is now called the hammer circuim breaker; g is a small cylinder ofset't iron attached to one end of the stout copper or brass wire e, which poms through oris otherwise secured to the vibrating shat't k. The other end of this wire dips into mercury-cup, on, fixed upon the metallic strap 6'. This cup is of greater size than mercury-cups used for mere connections, Ind the upper portion-cf it is of glass, for purposcs'ot' observation of the spark and other indications. On the strap 6 is another mercury-cup, of brass, into which descends a branch wire, h, t'roin the vibrating-wire e.

Arising from the shaft k is a stid brass wire, in the form of a bent lever, carrying upon its horizontol por- 'tion a a hall,f, which is movable on e' screw-thread from end to end of portion a. It will be seen that, us the ball is moved toward the extremity o, it increases the weight of thelongarm of wire or If we suppose the coils and magnet to be charged by the current from the battery, and that the current passes from strap 6 to 6', through the wire e and mercury-cups, the magnet a will attract the hummer-piece g, and, in so doing, will lift'the end of wire 0 out of the mercury in cup in and break the circuit; and e, falling by its own weight, its end will again dip intmtbe mercury in m, re-cstublish the circuit,- the magnet will again a t, and thus a succession of vibrations and interruptions of the circuit will be produced. The manner of mal ing -the connections to establish such a 'circuitsthrough thcprimary wire, and through the 'wire c, will, of cohrsc, be

this half of the armature, after the manner showh -in Figure 10. This cir'c 'uit brcakcr is introduced into the 4 76.651 5 :1 V- readily understood by any one skilled in the art. Thus it will be seen that no extra circuit or magnet is roquireu for is, which is called the attached circuit-breaker, and the full economy of battery-power is realized.

As the weightf is further removed from the centre of vibration, the more magnetic power will be required to more the hammcrg; its distance from magnet a. remaining the same, the greater isits retractile force, and the more suddenly and completely will the circuit be broken in cup In. The distance between 9 and a can be varied by slightly bending the wires.

As'it takes time to give a maximum charge to magnet a, which is more appreciable in the larger coils, the hammer 9 should not move too quiclrly, and break the circuit before its maximum power is developed. Hence the greatimportance of regulating its rctractilcforcc, or the resistance to be overcome before it will be moved by the attractive force of-the magnet, so as to obtain the maximum of electrostatic elfccts from the secondary coil. This circuit-breaker hasalso another very important feature. 7

In order' to increase the intensity of the secondary circuit. and its electrostatic powersya non-conducting liquid, suchas pucnat'r i'alcohol, oil, turpentine, naphtha, (many others may be used,-) is.fpoured upon the surface of the mercury, and, when the circuit is broken under this liquid, the terminal secondary current of the primary coil is, in a great measure, stopped by the non-conducting liquid, and the consequence is a sudden 'arrest of its magnetizing'influence upon the core or magnet a; and the more sudden and complete is, the reaction in the magnet, the greater will be its sfi'e'ct upon the current in thejsecondarycoil. For this ransom-this is also called the sparlr-arxiesting eircuitbrealrer, for tho separationspark of the primnry coil, which was very bright and voluminous without the liquid, is; to a great extent, arrested and neutrallized by its presence.

As the secondarycurrent becomes very intense with long coils, care in insulation is necessary, and to this end I have formerly mounted the coil on a stand of dry varnished wood, as shown in Figure 11, where a is the stand; 6, a strip of baked wood, varnished, to which are attached the parts of the electrotome or circuit-breaker, snd'thc cups cc for the terminations of the sccondar circuit; the coil being secured to the stand by straps of wood instead of metal, as'in fig. 10. The qups c c are for the primary-coil connections, and the general mansgement and operation ofth'e parts are the same as'in fig. 10.

Instead of having the wire c toylip into mercury-cup 11;, its end may be tipped with platinum, and strik a upon a platinum disk soldered to strnp'b, fig-10, or the arrangement may be like that of circuit-breaker, fig. 9,

substituting thohsmmer-piece 9, fig. 10, for thoarmaturo n on the and of spring i, fig. 9; and the end of wire magnet a, fig, 10,for the little electro-magnet d d, fig. 9. Tho only other change would be in the position of" lprings 0 and the pillars 2 3, so as to allow the hammer-piece g to vibrate horizontally to and from the end of the magnet. This is all shown in Figure 12, which, with the foregoing description, needs no further explanatidn or illustration, the drawing plainly showing tho chango of position 'of'the parts.

The spark-arresting circuit-breakers may all be used as independent or detached circuit-breakers, and those, and likewise all the independent electro-magnetic instruments hitherto used and described by me for opening and closing circuits with other iiistruments, may be operated by batteries separate and independent from. the batteries whichoperate the circuits to be opened and closed. In fact this often becomes necessary when the circuits of-tho two instruments are largely disproportioned in length. In using, for instance, the electro'magnetic circuit-breaker called Barlow s spur-wheel, described by me in volume xxxi, page 141, of Sillimnn's Journal, it becomes much more eflieieut when used with a separate battery.

Having described my invention, what I claim therein is '1. An induction-coil apparatus, consisting of a primary and secondary circuit, when said secondarycircuit is many times, that is to say, two, three, or more times the length of the primary circuit, having the connections so arranged that shocks, sparks, and electrostatic results maybe obtained from the secondary circuit alone, or from the combined primary and secondary circuits, or from the primary alone, or from portionsof either circuit, substantially as set forth.

2. I claim the combination of an automatic circuit-breaker with either a primary coil alone, or a primary and secondary coil combined, substantially as set forth.

8. I claim the combination of a mechanical circuit-breaker with a primary and secondary coil combined, substantially as set forth. v

4. I claim the combination ofboth a mechanical and automatic circuit-breaker with a primary and secondary coil, combined substantially as set forth. i

5. I claim tbecombination of a primary and secondary coil, enclosing an electromagnct, with an automatic circuit-breaker, substantially as set forth. 4 4

6. I claim the combination of a primary and secondary coil, enclosing a compound or divided eloctro-magnet, with an adinltlble automatic circuit-breaker, substantially as set forth.

7. I claim the combination of a primary and secondary coil, enclosing a compound electro-msgnet, with an attached hammbr circuit-breaker, substantially as set forth.

8. I claim the spark-arresting circuit-breaker, whether used with a primary coil alone or a primary and secondary combined, substantially as set forth.

9. I olalm the spark-arresting circuit-breaker, whether used with a coil or coils, enclosing an elcotro-msgnet, substantially as set forth.

10. I claim the spark-arresting circuit-breaker, whether attached to or independent of the primary or primary and secondary coils, substantially as set forth.

1]. I claim the udjustmcnt'of the rctractilo force of an automatic circuit-breaker, substantiallyhs-set forth. .9 In combination with such adjustment, I ciaim adjusting the distance of the hammer or the armature from the pole or poles of the electro-magnet which actuates them, as set forth.

13. I claim adjusting or regulating the length oi vibration of the circuit-breathing bar, by means o f a'set. screw, or imy mechanical eqnivalent for substantially the same purpose, eubstantiali'y as herein set forth.

I4. I claimthe employment of one-electro-magnetic instrument to open and close the circ'uitpf another electro-mognetic instrument, using either one battery for both, or separate betteries for each,- substantially as' 15. I claim the employment of separate and independent batteries to operate an electro-ma'gnetic circuitbrenker, and the circuit which is broken by it, si ibstentislly as set forth.

-lnteetimou y rhergof. I have signed my na ne to this specification before two subscribing witnesses.

' x CHARLES (3'; PAGE. Witnesses: Msnqntnue BAILEY,

Ones. G. Peon. Jr.

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