US7326759B2 - Compositions for solid freeform fabrication - Google Patents
Compositions for solid freeform fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7326759B2 US7326759B2 US10/817,047 US81704704A US7326759B2 US 7326759 B2 US7326759 B2 US 7326759B2 US 81704704 A US81704704 A US 81704704A US 7326759 B2 US7326759 B2 US 7326759B2
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- component
- combinations
- acid
- binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime, expires
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000010100 freeform fabrication Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- -1 unsaturated aliphatic carbonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical class OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C YWFWDNVOPHGWMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical class [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(3+) Chemical class [Co+3] JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004680 hydrogen peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002338 polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940048053 acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 29
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 17
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003178 glass ionomer cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPTHZKIDNHJFKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC(=C)C(O)=O.OCC(O)CO UPTHZKIDNHJFKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 VVBLNCFGVYUYGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium nitrate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005354 aluminosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- JXDYKVIHCLTXOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isatin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(=O)NC2=C1 JXDYKVIHCLTXOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229960004838 phosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- CKGKXGQVRVAKEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CKGKXGQVRVAKEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (E)-glutaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C=C\C(O)=O XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001124 (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- MSAHTMIQULFMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenyl-2-propan-2-yloxyethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MSAHTMIQULFMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNQXSTWCDUXYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dione Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(=O)C(=O)C1C2(C)C VNQXSTWCDUXYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHWHHMNORMIBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetrahydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)(O)C(O)(O)C(O)=O XHWHHMNORMIBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDMLVOIDGSOUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methylanilino)ethane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(NCC(O)O)C=C1 VDMLVOIDGSOUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVVXXHVHGGWWPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O DVVXXHVHGGWWPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMFMTNROJASFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(furan-2-ylmethylsulfinyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS(=O)CC1=CC=CO1 BMFMTNROJASFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ARJAWSKDSA-M 2-Methyl-2-butenoic acid Natural products C\C=C(\C)C([O-])=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFSMVVDJSNMRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCO WFSMVVDJSNMRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001367 tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N tiglic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAXOELSVPTZZQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiglic acid Natural products CC(C)=C(C)C(O)=O UAXOELSVPTZZQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUOWTJMRMWQJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Sn+4] YUOWTJMRMWQJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007964 xanthones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Inorganic materials [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKMZOFXGLBYJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C XKMZOFXGLBYJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0037—Production of three-dimensional images
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
Definitions
- Solid freeform fabrication SFF
- LM layer manufacturing
- SFF Solid freeform fabrication
- CAD Computer Aided Design
- SFF technology enables direct translation of the CAD image data into a three-dimensional object.
- SFF technology can be used in applications such as verifying CAD database, evaluating design feasibility, testing part functionality, assessing aesthetics, checking ergonomics of design, aiding in tool and fixture design, creating conceptual models and sales/marketing tools, generating patterns for investment casting, reducing or eliminating engineering changes in production, and providing small production runs.
- One SFF technique involves adding or depositing a build composition to form predetermined areas of a layer essentially point-by-point. These predetermined areas together constitute a thin section of a three-dimensional object as defined by a CAD geometry. Successive layers are then deposited in a predetermined sequence with a layer being affixed to its adjacent layers forming an integral three dimensional, multi-layer object.
- a powder/binder SFF system an individual layer is printed by first spreading a thin layer of the powder and then dispensing the binder to adhere the powder together in selected regions to create the desired layer pattern. This process is repeated until all the layers have been printed.
- the binder joins powder together within a layer and between layers. After printing is complete, the unbound powder is removed, leaving a three-dimensional object with the desired geometry.
- compositions include compositions.
- One exemplary composition of this disclosure includes a basic component, an acidic component, at least one acrylate component, oxidizing agent, reducing agent, and a binder.
- the binder includes a viscosity modifier and a surface tension modifier.
- the binder is capable of stimulating a reaction between the basic component and the acidic component.
- a portion of the binder is capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction between at least one acrylate component, the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agent. The polymerization reaction being initiated by the redox reaction between the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a solid freeform fabrication (SFF) system.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of a representative embodiment for forming a three-dimensional object using the SFF system described in FIG. 1
- compositions that can be used in solid freeform fabrication (SFF) systems are provided.
- the embodiments relate to the use of the compositions in the manufacture of three-dimensional objects.
- the term three-dimensional object refers to objects that are sufficiently rigid to maintain a fixed volume and shape to an extent, which is appropriate for the specific use.
- Embodiments of the composition can include components such as, but not limited to, a basic component, an acidic component, at least one acrylate component (e.g., mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-acrylate compounds), an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, a light sensitive initiator, and combinations thereof.
- a basic component an acidic component
- at least one acrylate component e.g., mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-acrylate compounds
- an oxidizing agent e.g., mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-acrylate compounds
- one embodiment of the composition includes, but is not limited to, the basic component, the acidic component, one or more acrylate components, the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agent.
- Another embodiment of the composition includes, but is not limited to, the basic component, the acidic component, one or more acrylate components, and the light sensitive initiator.
- Still another embodiment of the composition includes, but is not limited to, the basic component, the acidic component, one or more acrylate components, the oxidizing agent, the reducing agent, and the light sensitive initiator.
- composition can include additional components such as, but not limited to, retardants, wetting agents, viscosity modifiers, surface tension modifiers, fibers, colorants, dispersants, antioxidants, organic and inorganic fillers, solvents, and combinations thereof.
- retardants such as, but not limited to, retardants, wetting agents, viscosity modifiers, surface tension modifiers, fibers, colorants, dispersants, antioxidants, organic and inorganic fillers, solvents, and combinations thereof.
- the components of the composition can be included in a powder and/or a binder.
- the ratio of binder to powder can be from about 0.05:1 to 0.6:1, and from about 0.1:1 to 0.4:1.
- the ratio of binder to powder depends upon many variables such as, but not limited to, the components, the concentration of each component, and the percentage of each component in the powder; the components, the concentration of each component, and the percentage of each component in the binder; and combinations thereof.
- the powder includes, but is not limited to, the basic component, the acidic component, a polyacrylate component, and the oxidizing agent
- the binder includes, but is not limited to, a solvent (e.g., a polar solvent such as water), an acrylate component (e.g., monomeric acrylate), and the reducing agent.
- Another embodiment of the powder includes, but is not limited to, the basic component, a polyacrylate component, and the oxidizing agent while the binder includes, but is not limited to, the solvent, the acidic component, the acrylate component, and the reducing agent.
- the powder includes, but is not limited to, the basic component, an acidic component, a polyacrylate component, and the oxidizing agent, while the binder includes, but is not limited to, the solvent, another acidic component, the acrylate component, and the reducing agent.
- the powder includes, but is not limited to, the basic component, the acidic component and a polyacrylate component, while the binder includes, but is not limited to, the solvent, the acrylate component, and the light sensitive initiator.
- the powder includes, but is not limited to, the basic component and a polyacrylate component
- the binder includes, but is not limited to, the solvent, the acidic component, the acrylate component, and the light sensitive initiator.
- the powder includes, but is not limited to, the basic component, an acidic component, and a polyacrylate component
- the binder includes, but is not limited to, the solvent, another acidic component, the acrylate component, and the light sensitive initiator.
- the powder includes, but is not limited to, the basic component, the acidic component, a polyacrylate component, and the oxidizing agent, while the binder includes, but is not limited to, the solvent, the acrylate component, the reducing agent, and the light sensitive initiator.
- the powder includes, but is not limited to, the basic component, a polyacrylate component, and the oxidizing agent, while the binder includes, but is not limited to, the solvent, the acidic component, the acrylate component, the reducing agent, and the light sensitive initiator.
- the powder includes, but is not limited to, the basic component, an acidic component, a polyacrylate component, and the oxidizing agent, while the binder includes, but is not limited to, the solvent, another acidic component, the acrylate component, the reducing agent, and the light sensitive initiator.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a representative SFF system 10 that includes, but is not limited to, a computer control system 12 , a dispensing system 14 , and a conventional curing system 16 .
- the SFF system 10 can optionally include a positioning system, and a build platform temperature control system.
- the computer control system 12 includes a process control system that is adapted to control the dispensing system 14 , the curing system 16 (e.g., a thermal, an ultraviolet, and/or a visible radiation curing system), the positioning system, and the build platform temperature control system.
- the computer control system 12 includes, but is not limited to, a Computer Aided Design (CAD) system 16 or other SSF CAD-related systems.
- CAD Computer Aided Design
- the dispensing system 14 includes, but is not limited to, conventional powder spreading technologies, conventional inkjet technologies, conventional fluid coating technologies, and combinations thereof.
- the components of the composition can be dispensed using one or more of these technologies in an iterative and/or simultaneous fashion.
- the components of the composition can be dispensed independently of one another or in one or more combinations.
- the powder is dispensed using conventional powder spreading techniques.
- the powder spreading system includes a powder supply bin and a method for spreading the powder into a build bin where the object is being built. Examples of powder spreading systems are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,340,656; 5,204,055 and 5,387,380, which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the dispensing system 14 can include at least one conventional ink-jet printhead (e.g., thermal ink-jet printhead and/or a piezo ink-jet print head) adapted to dispense (e.g., jet) one or more components through one or more of a plurality of ink-jet printhead dispensers.
- the ink-jet printhead can include a plurality of ink-jet compartments (e.g., tanks or wells for containing the components) that are capable of holding the components and are fluidically coupled to the ink-jet printhead dispensers.
- the ink-jet printhead dispenser can be heated to assist in dispensing viscous components.
- the in piezo-electric technologies the ink-jet printhead dispenser can be heated up to about 200° C., and preferably in the range of 70 to 120° C., while lower temperatures are used for thermal ink-jet technologies such as about 50-90° C.
- the dispensing system 14 includes a separate ink-jet printhead for components (e.g., a binder, colorants, and solvents) of the composition.
- components e.g., a binder, colorants, and solvents
- one ink-jet printhead holds the binder and one ink-jet printhead holds the colorant.
- the SFF system 10 can be incorporated into processes that are used to fabricate or construct three-dimensional objects in an iterative-layered process.
- the computer control system 12 is capable of being selectively adjusted to control the output from the dispenser system 14 , which controls the thickness and pattern of each component in each layer of the iterative process.
- the powder and the binder can be dispensed onto the build platform in a variety of patterns.
- the patterns can take the form of, but not limited to, alternating layers of the powder and the binder.
- the patterns of the powder and the binder can vary depending on the thickness of the powder, the particle size of the powder, and the volume (e.g., drops) of the binder.
- multiple passes (e.g., scans) across the build platform 20 can be conducted to achieve the appropriate coverage of the powder and the binder.
- the lower limit for the thickness of powder spread during each pass is limited by the size of the particles of the powder.
- the powder particle size can be about 0.005 millimeters (mm) to 1 mm, about 10 to 100, and about 10 to 70.
- the layer thickness can be from about 10 to 1000 microns and from about 25 to 100 microns.
- the desirable amount of powder spread depends upon on a number of factors such as, but not limited to, the time required to build the object, the surface roughness, and the feature tolerance of the printed object.
- the volume of the components dispensed using ink-jet technologies are from about 0.1 picoliters to 500 picoliters, about 0.1 picoliters to 100 picoliters, and about 0.1 picoliters to 35 picoliters.
- the desirable ejected volume of these components depends on a number of factors such as, but not limited to, the concentration and the chemical characteristics of the components; the temperature of the components, the desired resolution (e.g., 600 drops per inch), and the design of the print-head firing chamber.
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram describing a representative method 30 for forming an object using the SFF system 10 .
- the powder and the binder are provided, as shown in block 22 .
- the powder and the binder are dispensed onto the build platform in a layer-by-layer fashion, as shown in block 24 .
- the powder is first spread onto the build platform using a roller.
- the binder is dispensed onto portions of the powder as controlled by the computer system 12 .
- the powder and the binder are commingled and form a layer of the composition.
- the three-dimensional object is formed, as shown in block 26 .
- the powder and the binder should be able to react to form a “tack free” layer within about 5 seconds to 10 minutes at a temperature below about 100° C.
- the powder and the binder should be able to react to form a “tack free” layer within about 5 seconds to 1 minute at a temperature below about 60° C.
- tack free is defined as the point where the crosslinking/chain growth reaction has progressed such that the resulting material is no longer tacky to the touch. It does not imply that chain growth is complete.
- one or more chemical interactions can be used to describe the chemistry of the composition.
- the chemical interactions include, but are not limited to, a acid/base hardening mechanism, a chemically activated polymerization mechanism, a light activated polymerization mechanism, and combinations thereof, each of which are briefly described below.
- the acid component is soluble in the binder (e.g., a polar binder, where the acid compound is acidic relative to water).
- the binder e.g., a polar binder, where the acid compound is acidic relative to water.
- the released cations from the basic component mediate the crosslinking of the compounds that make up the acid component.
- Ionic crosslinking of the acidic compounds reduces the mobility of the acid component.
- the crosslinking process results in solidification of the acid component in the solution, followed by setting and further hardening of the material.
- the acid/base hardening mechanism facilitates curing by ionic reactions like neutralization, salt formation, chelation, and/or crystallization
- the chemically activated polymerization mechanism includes the redox reaction between the reducing agent with the oxidizing agent. Interaction of the reducing agent with the oxidizing agent causes the oxidizing agent to form a radical oxidizing agent.
- the radical oxidizing agent initiates the polymerization of the one or more acrylates to produce polymeric forms of the given monomers.
- redox reaction systems of this type can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,154,762 and 6,136,885, which are included herein by reference.
- the light activated polymerization mechanism includes the interaction of the light sensitive initiator with light (e.g., ultraviolet and/or visible light) from a light source (e.g., the curing system 16 ). Interaction of the light with the light sensitive initiator causes the light sensitive initiator to form a radical initiator.
- the radical initiator initiates the polymerization of the one or more acrylates to produce polymeric forms of the given monomers.
- any combination of the acid/base hardening mechanism, the chemically activated polymerization mechanism, and the light activated polymerization mechanism can be used to form each layer of the three-dimensional object.
- the polymerization of the acrylate components can be activated by one or both of the chemically activated polymerization and the light activated polymerization mechanisms.
- the acid/base hardening mechanism, the chemically activated polymerization mechanism, and/or the light activated polymerization mechanism provides a non-porous three-dimensional object having superior compressive strength and significantly better mechanical properties relative to common systems typically used in SFF systems.
- the need for post-processing the three-dimensional object is decreased and eliminated in some instances.
- the acid/base hardening mechanism and polymerizations mechanisms are fast, which minimizes diffusion of the binder into the surrounding powder and thus providing a continuous texture and finish.
- the light activated polymerization mechanism is controllable by exposure time and applied energy.
- the acid component can include compounds having molecular weights from about 20,000-1,000,000 g/mol.
- the acid component can include, but is not limited to, alginic acid, gum arabic, nucleic acids, pectins, proteins (biopolymers), carboxymethylcellulose, ligninsulphonic acids, acid-modified starch (chemically modified biopolymers), polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid copolymer with methyl methacrylate, polyvinyl sulphonic acid, polystyrene sulphonic acid, polysulphuric acid, polyvinyl phosphonic acid, polyvinyl phosphoric acid, the homo- and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic carbonic acids such as acrylic acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, aconitic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, glutaconic acid, tiglic acid and methacrylic acid and the anhydrides of these carbonic acids (e
- polycarbonic acid anhydrides form precursors of the polycarbonic acids, which are transferred by water contact into polycarbonic acid.
- suitable polyacid components include, but are not limited to, the copolymers of the polyacids with acrylic amide, acrylic nitrile, acrylic acid esters, vinyl chloride, allyl chloride, vinyl acetate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (synthetic polyelectrolytes).
- the acid component could be partially or fully substituted with unsaturated polymerizable acidic moieties of a monomeric or oligomeric nature, as well as their salts or other acid derivative groups.
- Polymerizable unsaturated monomers, oligomers or prepolymers with acid groups or reactive acid-derivative groups include, but is not limited to:
- the reactive acid derivatives can be substituted with acid halides, with acid anhydrides, and with acid amides, nitrites, and esters, that readily hydrolyze into acid, as such can enter into ion-exchange, neutralization, salt formation, or chelation reactions with the base component (e.g., metal oxides, ceramics, zeolites or leachable reactive glasses).
- the base component e.g., metal oxides, ceramics, zeolites or leachable reactive glasses.
- acid groups or reactive acid derivatives include carboxylate, phosphate, phosphonate, sulfonate, or borate acid radicals or of their reactive derivatives.
- the polymerizable unsaturated monomers, oligomers, or prepolymers of the acid component can include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following groups: alkenyl groups, alkenoxy groups, cycloalkenyl groups, aralkenyl groups, or alkenaryl radicals groups, with acryl, methacryl, vinyl, or styryl radicals being preferable.
- Preferred compounds are those that contain at least two polymerizable groups or at least two acid groups or acid-derivative groups. Examples are phosphoric-acid esters of glycerine dimethacrylate or 1-methacryloxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid.
- the composition can include the acid component from 1% to about 40% and from about 5% to about 30% by weight of the composition.
- the basic component can include, but is not limited to, a metal oxide (e.g., Ca, Al, Fe, and Ba) and salts thereof and reactive glasses (e.g., silanized reactive aluminosilicate, calcium aluminosilicate and calcium aluminum glass).
- the composition can include the basic component from 20% to about 80% and from about 30% to about 70% by weight of the composition.
- acid-base combinations include, but are not limited to, the following.
- Zinc oxide polycarboxylic acid cements.
- Metal oxide e.g., Be, Zn, Cu, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba
- metal cations crosslink phosphate anions resulting in the formation of a hydrogel matrix.
- setting of the cement involves the formation of a hydrogel matrix of silica gel and ionically crosslinked phosphate ions.
- the average particle size for the glass is preferably approximately 30 ⁇ m or less, as glass particles with a smaller diameter can be difficult to spread.
- Oxysalt-bonded cements These are formed by acid-base reactions of metal oxide powder such as ZnO or MgO, and a concentrated solution of metal chloride or sulfate where the metal is, for example, Zn or Mg.
- the basic component of the system is reactive aluminosilicate glass and the acidic component of the system is organic polyacid containing functional groups such as —COOH, —SO 3 H, and —PO 3 H 2 .
- the glass ionomer mixture may also contain small amounts of low molecular weight complexing agent such as L- or D-tartaric acid for adjusting the kinetics of the cement setting process.
- the glass-ionomer cements should be pretreated to make the surface of the polyacid powder less hydrophilic and therefore less susceptible to clumping due to moisture absorption.
- a preferable pretreatment includes the addition of some anti-caking hydrophobic agent to the dry cement mix.
- the agent could include some stearate salts (e.g., Mg, Ca, and Zn) or lecithin.
- the acrylate component can include, but is not limited to, mono-functional acrylates, di-functional acrylates, tri-functional acrylates, tetra-functional acrylates, and combinations thereof.
- the acrylate can include, but is not limited to, water-soluble mono-, di-, and polymethacrylates with a low viscosity.
- the acrylate component can include, but is not limited to, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol monomethacrylates (e.g.
- the acrylate component can also include, but is not limited to, metal salts of methacrylate and acrylate.
- the acrylate component can include, but is not limited to, sodium methacrylate, potassium methacrylate, ammonium methacrylate, magnesium methacrylate, calcium methacrylate, aluminum methacrylate, zinc methacrylate, zirconium methacrylate, zirconium trihydroxymonomethacrylate, zirconium dihydroxydimethacrylate, sodium acrylate, potassium acrylate, ammonium acrylate, magnesium acrylate, calcium acrylate, aluminum acrylate, zinc acrylate, zirconium acrylate, zirconium trihydroxymonoacrylate, and zirconium dihydroxyacrylate.
- the acrylate component can also include, but is not limited to, acrylates having ethylenically unsaturated groups and acid groups (e.g., —COOH) or ethylenically unsaturated groups, acid groups (e.g., —COOH) and base groups (e.g., —NH 2 ) in one component.
- the acrylates having ethylenically unsaturated groups also include the acid esters that can be formed from the above-stated mono- and dimethacrylates.
- the composition can include the acrylate component from 5% to about 50% and from about 20% to about 50% by weight of the composition.
- the reducing agent can include chemicals such as, but not limited to, a water-soluble amine, metal salts, hydrazines, and combinations thereof.
- the reducing agent-can include chemicals such as, but not limited to, dimethyl-p-toluidine, dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine and N,N-dimethylaminobenzoate, and combinations thereof.
- the composition can include the reducing agent from 0.1% to about 10% and from about 1% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
- the oxidizing agent can include chemicals such as, but not limited to, persulphates, benzoyl peroxides, hydroperoxides, cobalt (III) and iron (III) salts, and hydrogen peroxides, and combinations thereof.
- the oxidizing agent can include chemicals such as, but not limited to, benzoyl peroxides.
- the composition can include the oxidizing agent from 0.1% to about 10% and from about 1% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
- the light sensitive initiator can include, but is not limited to, UV initiators and/or visible initiators.
- the UV initiator can include chemicals such as, but not limited to, a free radical initiator, a cationic initiator, or combinations thereof.
- the free-radical initiator includes compounds that produce a free radical on exposure to UV radiation. The free-radical is capable of initiating a polymerization reaction.
- Exemplar free-radical initiators include, but are not limited to, benzophenones (e.g., benzophenone, methyl benzophenone, Michler's ketone, and xanthones), acylphosphine oxide type free radical initiators (e.g., 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl phosphine oxide (TMPO), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylethoxyphenyl phosphine oxide (TEPO), and bisacylphosphine oxides (BAPO's)), azo compounds (e.g., AlBN), benzoins, and bezoin alkyl ethers (e.g., benzoin, benzoin methyl ether and benzoin isopropyl ether).
- benzophenones e.g., benzophenone, methyl benzophenone, Michler's ketone, and xanthones
- acylphosphine oxide type free radical initiators e.
- the free-radical initiator can be used alone or in combination with a co-initiator.
- Co-initiators are used with initiators that need a second molecule to produce a radical that is active in UV-systems.
- benzophenone uses a second molecule, such as an amine, to produce a reactive radical.
- a preferred class of co-initiators are alkanolamines such as, but not limited to, triethylamine, methyldiethanolamine and triethanolamine
- Suitable cationic initiators include, but are not limited to, compounds that form aprotic acids or Bronsted acids upon exposure to UV light sufficient to initiate polymerization.
- the cationic initiator used may be a single compound, a mixture of two or more active compounds, or a combination of two or more different compounds (e.g., co-initiators).
- Exemplary cationic initiators include, but are not limited to, aryldiazonium salts, diaryliodonium salts, triarylsulphonium salts, and triarylselenium salts.
- the visible radiation initiator can include, but is not limited to, diketones (e.g., camphorquinone, 1,2-acenaphthylenedione, 1H-indole-2,3-dione, 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-10, and 11-dione), phenoxazine dyes (e.g., Resazurin, Resorufin), acylphosphine oxides, (e.g., diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide), and the like.
- diketones e.g., camphorquinone, 1,2-acenaphthylenedione, 1H-indole-2,3-dione, 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-10, and 11-dione
- phenoxazine dyes e.g., Resazurin, Res
- the composition can include the light sensitive initiator from 0.01% to about 5% and from about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the composition.
- the binder functions to, at least, as a solvent.
- the binder functions to stimulate a crosslinking reaction between the basic component and the acidic component.
- binder is capable of stimulating polymerization reaction between the acrylate component, the radical initiator, and the oxidizing agent.
- the binder can be a polar binder or a non-polar binder.
- the polar binder can include, but is not limited to, water, ethanol, hexanediol, pentanediol, water-soluble acryates and combinations thereof.
- the non-polar binder can include, but is not limited to, silanes, dimethylsilicone, chlorinated organic solvents (such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, o-dichlorobenzene), aliphatic alcohols, cyclohexane, dimethylaniline, triethylamine, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, and combinations thereof.
- chlorinated organic solvents such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, o-dichlorobenzene
- aliphatic alcohols such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, o-dichlorobenzene
- aliphatic alcohols such as cyclohexane, dimethylaniline, triethylamine, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, and combinations thereof.
- the powder and/or the binder can include additional components such as, but not limited to, retardants, inhibitors, wetting agents, viscosity modifiers, surface tension modifiers, colorants (e.g., dyes, pigments, inks), dispersants, antioxidants, water retaining additives, accelerators, humectants, solvents, and combinations thereof.
- additional components such as, but not limited to, retardants, inhibitors, wetting agents, viscosity modifiers, surface tension modifiers, colorants (e.g., dyes, pigments, inks), dispersants, antioxidants, water retaining additives, accelerators, humectants, solvents, and combinations thereof.
- Additional components can be used in the powder and/or the binder to obtain the proper balance of cure rate, layer-to-layer adhesion, toughness, and glass transition temperature, of the three-dimensional object. Furthermore, the components can be used to alter the physical and/or chemical properties (e.g., viscosity, reactivity, surface tension, bubble formation, and wetting of the ejection chamber) of the powder and/or the binder prior to and/or after being dispensed.
- physical and/or chemical properties e.g., viscosity, reactivity, surface tension, bubble formation, and wetting of the ejection chamber
- the retardant functions to, at least, slow down the setting reaction of the polyacid and the crosslinking multivalent cations.
- the retardant can include, but is not limited to, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, potassium oxalate, sodium oxalate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, dihydroxytartaric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and their sodium and potassium salts, sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate as well as sodium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide and tin fluoride and combinations thereof.
- the composition can include the retardant from 1% to about 10% and from about 2% to about 8% by weight of the composition.
- the inhibitor functions to, at least, quench premature curing reactions.
- the inhibitor can include, but is not limited to, t-butylhydroxy toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, and combinations thereof.
- the composition can include the inhibitor from 0.01% to about 1% and from about 0.01% to about 0.1% by weight of the composition.
- the accelerator functions to, at least, crosslink with the acid component and/or the acrylate component and enhances the physical property of the three-dimensional object.
- the accelerator can form compounds such as, but not limited to, Al 3+ compounds (e.g., Al(NO 3 ) 3 , Al 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) and Zn 2+ compounds (e.g., ZnO, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , and Zn(SO 4 )).
- the composition can include the accelerator from 0.1% to about 10% and from about 1% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
- the wetting agent functions to, at least, wet the resistor.
- the wetting agent can include, but is not limited to, tergitols, ethylene glycols, and fluorosurfactants, and combinations thereof.
- the composition can include the wetting agent from 0 . 0 1% to about 3% and from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of the composition.
- the viscosity modifier functions to, at least, increase or decrease the viscosity of the binder composition.
- the viscosity modifier can include, but is not limited to, ethanol, hexanediol, pentanediol, ethylene glycol diacetate, potassium aluminum sulphate, isopropanol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene monobutyl ether, dodecyldimethylammonium proposane sulphonate, glycerine triacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, and combinations thereof.
- the composition can include the viscosity modifier from 1% to about 30% and from about 5% to about 20% by weight of the composition.
- the surface tension modifier functions to, at least, increase or decrease the surface tension of the binder composition.
- the surface tension modifier functions to clear the inkjet orifice plate of extraneous liquid that might interfere with drop ejection.
- the surface tension modifier can include, but is not limited to, ethanol, hexanediol, pentanediol, tergitols, ethylene glycols, fluorosurfactants, and combinations thereof.
- the composition can include the surface tension modifier from 0.01% to about 30% and from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition.
- the addition of fibers to the powder may be performed to vary and/or improve the mechanical properties (e.g., bending strength and fracture toughness) of the three-dimensional object.
- the fibers can include, but are not limited to, polymer fibers, ceramic fibers, natural fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers, and combinations thereof. More specifically, the fibers can include, but are not limited to, cellulose fibers, wood fibers, polypropylene fibers, aramide fibers, silicon carbide fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, and derivative of each of these exemplary fibers.
- the powder can include fibers from 1% to about 30% and from about 3% to about 20% by weight of the composition.
- the addition of filler functions to, at least, stiffen and smooth the surface of-the three-dimensional object.
- the fillers can include organic fillers and inorganic fillers.
- the organic fillers can include, but are not limited to, methacrylates (e.g., polymethylmethacrylate and polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate), polybutadiene styrene copolymers, maleic anhydride co-polymers, starch, starch derivatives, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polycarbonates, polyepoxides, polyacrylates, polymethacryaltes, polyethylene and combinations thereof.
- the inorganic fillers can include, but are not limited to, fumed silica, hydroxyapatite, layered double hydroxides, organic-inorganic clays ceramics, glasses, naturally occurring materials and their synthetic derivatives, polymer fillers, sand, quartz, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, nitrides (e.g. silicon nitride), kaolin, talc, wollstonite, feldspar, mica, zinc glass, boron silicate glass, and combinations thereof.
- the composition can include the filler from 1% to about 60% and from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the composition.
- ratios, concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may be expressed herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such a range format is used for convenience and brevity, and thus, should be interpreted in a flexible manner to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited.
- concentration range of “about 0.1% to about 5%” should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited concentration of about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt %, but also include individual concentrations (e.g., 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and the sub-ranges (e.g., 0.5%, 1.1%, 2.2%, 3.3%, and 4.4%) within the indicated range.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/817,047 US7326759B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2004-04-02 | Compositions for solid freeform fabrication |
TW094106642A TW200533726A (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-03-04 | Chemical compositions |
PCT/US2005/009691 WO2005098538A2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-03-24 | Chemical compositions |
AT05734054T ATE432961T1 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-03-24 | CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS |
JP2007506254A JP4695134B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-03-24 | Chemical composition |
CN200580010249XA CN101098927B (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-03-24 | Chemicals compositions |
EP05734054A EP1747498B1 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-03-24 | Chemical compositions |
DE602005014767T DE602005014767D1 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-03-24 | CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS |
IL177810A IL177810A0 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2006-08-31 | Chemical compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/817,047 US7326759B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2004-04-02 | Compositions for solid freeform fabrication |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050222354A1 US20050222354A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
US7326759B2 true US7326759B2 (en) | 2008-02-05 |
Family
ID=35055268
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/817,047 Expired - Lifetime US7326759B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2004-04-02 | Compositions for solid freeform fabrication |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7326759B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1747498B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4695134B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101098927B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE432961T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005014767D1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL177810A0 (en) |
TW (1) | TW200533726A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005098538A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102207677B (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2012-10-24 | 品青企业股份有限公司 | Radiation Sensitive Composition |
JP6720476B2 (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2020-07-08 | 株式会社リコー | Liquid set for three-dimensional modeling, method for manufacturing three-dimensional model, and three-dimensional model |
JP6334000B2 (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2018-05-30 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Actinic ray curable inkjet ink composition for 3D printing, three-dimensional modeling method, and actinic ray curable inkjet ink set for 3D printing |
CN115521534B (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-12-22 | 江苏金发科技新材料有限公司 | Polypropylene composition and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (5)
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DE3519575A1 (en) | 1984-05-31 | 1985-12-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Minami-Ashigara, Kanagawa | HEAT SENSITIVE RECORD PAPER |
US5063257A (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1991-11-05 | G-C Dental Industrial Corp. | Dental glass ionomer cement compositions |
US6228299B1 (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 2001-05-08 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Gelcasting compositions having improved drying characteristics and machinability |
DE10158233A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-13 | Rolf Muelhaupt | Reactive system for three-dimensional printing comprises two or more components that react chemically with one another to form a solid after adding a liquid medium |
US6583197B1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2003-06-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Shofu | Dental adhesive composition |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5002855A (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1991-03-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solid imaging method using multiphasic photohardenable compositions |
JPH05505836A (en) * | 1990-03-08 | 1993-08-26 | デーエスエム ナムローゼ フェンノートシャップ | radiation curable liquid formulations |
US5218070A (en) * | 1991-02-11 | 1993-06-08 | Dentsply G.M.B.H. | Dental/medical composition and use |
DE19818210C5 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 2007-02-08 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Radically polymerizable dental material |
JP4350832B2 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2009-10-21 | Jsr株式会社 | Photocurable resin composition for three-dimensional modeling and a modeled product obtained by curing the same |
CA2405539A1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-25 | Z Corporation | Compositions for three-dimensional printing of solid objects |
-
2004
- 2004-04-02 US US10/817,047 patent/US7326759B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-03-04 TW TW094106642A patent/TW200533726A/en unknown
- 2005-03-24 DE DE602005014767T patent/DE602005014767D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-03-24 WO PCT/US2005/009691 patent/WO2005098538A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-03-24 AT AT05734054T patent/ATE432961T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-24 CN CN200580010249XA patent/CN101098927B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-24 EP EP05734054A patent/EP1747498B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-03-24 JP JP2007506254A patent/JP4695134B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-08-31 IL IL177810A patent/IL177810A0/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3519575A1 (en) | 1984-05-31 | 1985-12-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Minami-Ashigara, Kanagawa | HEAT SENSITIVE RECORD PAPER |
US5063257A (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1991-11-05 | G-C Dental Industrial Corp. | Dental glass ionomer cement compositions |
US6228299B1 (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 2001-05-08 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Gelcasting compositions having improved drying characteristics and machinability |
US6583197B1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2003-06-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Shofu | Dental adhesive composition |
DE10158233A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-13 | Rolf Muelhaupt | Reactive system for three-dimensional printing comprises two or more components that react chemically with one another to form a solid after adding a liquid medium |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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International Search Report for Application No. PCT/US2005/009691. Report issued Jul. 3, 2007. |
MSDS, http://www.rtvanderbilt.com/documents/MSDS/CAN/14442.pdf. * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200533726A (en) | 2005-10-16 |
EP1747498B1 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
US20050222354A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
ATE432961T1 (en) | 2009-06-15 |
EP1747498A2 (en) | 2007-01-31 |
CN101098927B (en) | 2011-10-26 |
JP4695134B2 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
CN101098927A (en) | 2008-01-02 |
DE602005014767D1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
JP2007530770A (en) | 2007-11-01 |
IL177810A0 (en) | 2006-12-31 |
WO2005098538A3 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
WO2005098538A2 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
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