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US7304118B2 - Polyethylene pipe having better melt processibility and high resistance to stress and method of preparing the same using metallocene catalyst - Google Patents

Polyethylene pipe having better melt processibility and high resistance to stress and method of preparing the same using metallocene catalyst Download PDF

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US7304118B2
US7304118B2 US11/100,659 US10065905A US7304118B2 US 7304118 B2 US7304118 B2 US 7304118B2 US 10065905 A US10065905 A US 10065905A US 7304118 B2 US7304118 B2 US 7304118B2
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ethylene
molecular weight
based copolymer
water supply
supply pipes
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US20050228139A1 (en
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Ki Soo Lee
Choong Hoon Lee
Sangwoo Lee
Eunjung Lee
Soojeong Lee
Seungwoo Choi
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LG Chem Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F10/02—Ethene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42F—SHEETS TEMPORARILY ATTACHED TOGETHER; FILING APPLIANCES; FILE CARDS; INDEXING
    • B42F1/00—Sheets temporarily attached together without perforating; Means therefor
    • B42F1/02—Paper-clips or like fasteners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G11/00—Producing optical signals at preselected times
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G13/00—Producing acoustic time signals
    • G04G13/02—Producing acoustic time signals at preselected times, e.g. alarm clocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO BOOKS, FILING APPLIANCES OR THE LIKE
    • B42P2241/00—Parts, details or accessories for books or filing appliances
    • B42P2241/16—Books or filing appliances combined with other articles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/65916—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a polyethylene copolymer to be used for water supply pipes, prepared using a supported hybrid metallocene catalyst that can synthesize polyolefin whose physical properties and molecular weight distribution can be more easily controlled compared to a conventional Ziegler-Natta catalyst.
  • a plastic water supply pipe is composed of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polybutene, and the like.
  • a plastic pipe has a lower rigidity than a steel pipe, a cast iron pipe or copper pipe, but a demand therefor is increasing due to its high toughness, ease of installation, and superior chemical resistance such as chlorine.
  • a polyethylene pipe has a higher toughness than a polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene pipe and can be heat bonded, and thus can be easily installed.
  • the polyethylene pipe has also a high resistance to chlorine, which is contained in drinking water, when being used as a water supply pipe. Thus, a demand for the polyethylene pipe is increasing.
  • a conventional polyethylene pipe has been modified by a chemical-crosslinking or moisture-crosslinking due to inferior internal pressure resistance and environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) of a polyethylene resin.
  • ESCR environmental stress cracking resistance
  • a chemically-crosslinked pipe is fabricated by extruding a resin composition including polyethylene and an organic peroxide such as dicumyl peroxide in a pipe shape while heating the resin composition to a pyrolysis temperature of the organic peroxide or higher.
  • the organic peroxide is pyrolyzed into organic radicals.
  • the organic radicals generate polyethylene radicals so as to lead to crosslinking of the polyethylene.
  • a moisture-crosslinked pipe is fabricated by compounding polyethylene, a silane compound such as vinylethoxy silane, an organic peroxide, and silanol condensation catalyst, and then extruding the resulting composition in a pipe shape while heating the composition.
  • a silane crosslinking is performed by exposing the molded pipe to moisture.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 8-073670 discloses a crosslinked polyethylene composition including a copolymer of ethylene and butene-1, having a specific melt index
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 9-324081 discloses a crosslinked polyethylene pipe fabricated using polyethylene and an specific antioxidant, and discloses a crosslinked pipe fabricated using polyolefin having a number of double bonds.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 57-170913 discloses a crosslinked pipe fabricated using polyethylene with a specific density and molecular weight
  • Hei 9-020867 and 7-157568 disclose a crosslinked pipe fabricated using a silane modified graft polyethylene with a narrow molecular weight distribution
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 7-041610 discloses a crosslinked pipe for drinking water, fabricated using a specific organic peroxide.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 60-001252 discloses a crosslinked pipe fabricated using an activated carbon, silica, and alumina
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 10-182757 discloses a pipe for supplying water or hot water, fabricated using a specific organic unsaturated silane and a specific radical generator
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 7-330992 discloses a method of fabricating a pipe using an epoxy compound
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 6-248089 discloses a crosslinked pipe fabricated using a high density polyethylene.
  • the polyethylene resin that is used as a raw material in the conventional technologies is prepared using a conventional polymerization catalyst such as a Ziegler-Natta catalyst or vanadium catalyst.
  • a conventional polymerization catalyst such as a Ziegler-Natta catalyst or vanadium catalyst.
  • the use of such an ethylene polymer causes various problems. That is, when the conventional ethylene polymer that has a broad molecular weight distribution and more comonomers incorporated in low molecular weight components than in high molecular weight components is used to fabricate a crosslinked pipe, the low molecular weight components are mainly crosslinked and the high molecular weight components are not sufficiently crosslinked. Thus, the crosslinked pipe has an inferior mechanical strength, in particular, internal pressure creep resistance at high temperatures.
  • silane crosslinked pipe When molding a moisture-crosslinked pipe, a large amount of an unsaturated silane compound should be added in order to sufficiently occur a silane crosslinking in the high molecular weight compounds.
  • the silane crosslinked pipe has an offensive odor due to the unsaturated silane compound.
  • a long term processing is difficult due to die gum from polyethylene residue.
  • a metallocene catalyst system comprises a main catalyst whose main component is a transition metal compound, mainly a Group IV metal and an organometallic compound cocatalyst whose main component is aluminum.
  • a catalyst offers a polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution depending on the single site characteristics.
  • the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of polyolefin are important factors in determining the fluity and mechanical properties that affect the physical properties and processability of a polymer. In order to manufacture various polyolefin products, it is important to improve melt processability through the control of the molecular weight distribution (C. A. Sperat, W. A. Franta, H. W. Starkweather Jr., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 1953, 6127).
  • the chemically crosslinked pipes and moisture-crosslinked pipes are not suitable for drinking water due to the remaining unreacted monomers, flexibility in the installation is diminished, and heat bonding is difficult.
  • the inventors made efforts to design an polyethylene composition that can maintain rigidity by increasing a comonomer content in high molecular weight components and decreasing a comonomer content in low molecular weight components, in order to fabricate a pipe having a sufficient resistance to stress without crosslinking of polyethylene.
  • the inventors prepared an ethylene-based copolymer having a bimodal or broad molecular weight distribution and superior processability, resistance to stress, and ESCR due to copolymerization of ethylene and C 3-20 ⁇ -olefin mainly occurring in high molecular weight chains by using a supported hybrid catalyst in which a metallocene compound suitable to prepare a low molecular weight polyethylene and a metallocene compound suitable to prepare a high molecular weight polyethylene are supported on a support, thereby completing the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an ethylene-based copolymer for non-crosslinked water supply pipes, which does not give off an odor, does not increase a load of an extruder, does not generate heat and die gum from polyethylene residue, keeps the characteristics of a thermoplastic resin to be recycled, is inexpensive, and can be molded into a flexible pipe that is convenient to be installed.
  • an ethylene-based copolymer for crosslinked water supply pipes obtained by copolymerizing ethylene and C 3-20 ⁇ -olefin using a supported hybrid catalyst in which at least two different metallocene compounds are supported on a support, the ethylene-based copolymer having a density of 0.930-0.960 g/cm 3 , a melt index of 0.3-1.0 g/10 min (190 degrees, 2.16 kg load), and a molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight/number average molecular weight) of 5-30.
  • a polyethylene prepared using a metallocene catalyst has a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution due to a uniform molecular weight and a more uniform distribution of ⁇ -olefin comonomers compared to a polyethylene prepared a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, and superior physical properties due to reduction of side reaction by catalyst residues.
  • the polyethylene prepared using the metallocene catalyst has inferior workability due to a narrow molecular weight distribution, and in particular, has significantly lowered producibility upon pipe production due to the effects of extrusion load. It is difficult to apply the polyethylene prepared using the metallocene catalyst to products that should have superior internal pressure creep resistance and ESCR, such as a water supply pipe, due to a lack of high molecular weight ethylene content at the same level of the melt index.
  • a supported hybrid catalyst where metallocene compounds are supported on a support is used to prepare an ethylene-based copolymer having a bimodal or broad molecular weight distribution and a molecular weight distribution of 5-30, thus superior processability upon molding the products and superior internal pressure creep resistance and ESCR due to intensive copolymerization of ⁇ -olefin comonomer in high molecular weight ethylene chains.
  • the ethylene-based copolymer has an ethylene content of 55-99 wt. %, and preferably 65-98 wt. %, and more preferably 70-96 wt. %, and a C 3-20 ⁇ -olefin content of 1-45 wt. %, and preferably 2-35 wt. %, and more preferably 4-20 wt. %.
  • the supported hybrid catalyst where at least two different metallocene compounds are supported on a single support is used to prepare an ethylene-based copolymer having a bimodal or broad molecular weight distribution, wherein a metallocene compound in the supported hybrid catalyst (hereinafter, is abbreviated to “a first metallocene compound”) is used to mainly produce a low molecular polyethylene and the other metallocene compound (hereinafter, is abbreviated to “a second metallocene compound”) is used to mainly produce a high molecular polyethylene.
  • a metallocene compound in the supported hybrid catalyst hereinafter, is abbreviated to “a first metallocene compound”
  • a second metallocene compound is used to mainly produce a high molecular polyethylene.
  • a high performance ethylene-based copolymer in which ⁇ -olefin comonomers intensively bond to high molecular weight ethylene chains can be prepared by functions of the two metallocene compounds.
  • Examples of a support useful for the supported hybrid catalyst include silica dried at high temperatures, silica-alumina, silica-magnesia, and the like. These supports may typically contain oxides such as Na 2 O, carbonates such as K 2 CO 3 , sulfates such as BaSO 4 , nitrates such as Mg(NO 3 ) 2 . Although a smaller amount of alcohol groups (—OH) on the surface of the support is preferable, removal of all alcohol groups is practically impossible.
  • the amount of the alcohol groups (—OH) is preferably 0.1-10 mmol/g, and more preferably 0.1-1 mmol/g, still more preferably 0.1-0.5 mmol/g.
  • the amount of the surface alcohol groups (—OH) can be controlled by various preparation processes or drying conditions of a support (for example, temperature, time, and drying method such as vacuum or spray dry).
  • a catalyst prepared by chemically removing alcohol groups (—OH) while maintaining highly reactive siloxane groups involved in supporting can also be used (Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-003325).
  • the metallocene compounds are selected from the following compounds.
  • the first metallocene compound in the supported hybrid catalyst is a compound represented by Formula (1) below. (C 5 R 1 ) p (C 5 R 1 )MQ 3-p (1)
  • M is a Group IV transition metal
  • (C 5 R 1 ) is a metalloid radical of a Group XIV metal substituted by a hydrogen radical, C 1-20 alkyl radical, alkenyl radical, aryl radical, alkylaryl radical, arylalkyl radical or hydrocarbyl; or a cyclopentadienyl or a substituted cyclopentadienyl ligand wherein two neighboring carbon atoms of C 5 are connected by a hydrocarbyl radical to form a C 4 to C 8 ring;
  • Q is a halogen, C 1-20 alkyl radical, alkenyl radical, aryl radical, alkylaryl radical, arylalkyl radical or hydrocarbyl;
  • p is 0 or 1
  • At least one hydrogen radical in R 1 is substituted by a radical represented by the following Formula (a), a radical represented by the following Formula (b) or a radical represented by the following Formula (c):
  • Z is oxygen or sulfur
  • each of R and R′ is an identical or different hydrogen radical, C 1-40 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl or arylalkenyl radical, and two R's may be connected to form a ring;
  • G is a C 1-40 alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, phenyl or substituted phenyl, and may be connected to R′ to form a ring;
  • G should be an alkoxy or aryloxy
  • G is an alkylthio, arylthio, phenyl or substituted phenyl, Z should be oxygen;
  • Z is oxygen or sulfur, and at least one of two Zs is oxygen
  • each of the R and R′′ is an identical or different hydrogen radical, C 1-40 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl or arylalkenyl radical;
  • R and R′′ may be connected to form a ring
  • R′′s are hydrogen radicals, they may be connected to form a ring
  • each of the R and R′′′ is an identical or different hydrogen radical, C 1-40 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl or arylalkenyl radical;
  • the second metallocene compound in the supported hybrid catalyst is a compound represented by the following Formula (2) or (3).
  • M is a Group IV transition metal
  • each of (C 5 R 3 ), (C 5 R 4 ) and (C 5 R 5 ) is a cyclopentadienyl or a substituted cyclopentadienyl ligand which is a metalloid of a Group XIV metal substituted by an identical or different C 1-40 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl radical or hydrocarbyl, or a substituted cyclopentadienyl ligand wherein two neighboring carbon atoms of C 5 are connected by a hydrocarbyl radical to form one or more C 4 to C 16 ring;
  • each Q is an identical or different halogen radical, C 1-20 alkyl radical, alkenyl radical, aryl radical, alkylaryl radical, arylalkyl radical or C 1-20 alkylidene radical;
  • B is a bridge that binds two cyclopentadienyl ligands or binds a cyclopentadienyl ligand and JR 9 z-y by a covalent bond, the cyclopentadienyl comprising a C 1-4 alkylene radical, dialkylsilicon or germanium, or alkyl phosphine or amine;
  • R 9 is a hydrogen radical, C 1-20 alkyl radical, alkenyl radical, aryl radical, alkylaryl radical or arylalkyl radical;
  • J is a Group XV element or a Group XVI element
  • Y is oxygen or nitrogen
  • A is a hydrogen radical, C 1-20 alkyl radical, alkenyl radical, aryl radical, alkylaryl radical, arylalkyl radical, alkylsilyl radical, arylsilyl radical, methoxymethyl, t-butoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, 1-methyl-1-methoxyethyl or t-butyl;
  • z-y is 1 or 2;
  • a is an integer of 4 to 8.
  • At least one hydrogen radical of the R 3 , R 4 and R 5 of (C 5 R 3 ), (C 5 R 4 ) and (C 5 R 5 ) is substituted by a radical selected from the radical represented by Formula (a), the radical represented by Formula (b) and the radical represented by formula (c) as defined in Formula (1) above.
  • Examples of a cocatalyst useful to activate the metallocene compounds alkyl aluminium compounds, such as trimethyl aluminium, triethyl aluminium, triisobutyl aluminium, trioctyl aluminium, methyl aluminoxane, ethyl aluminoxane, isobutyl aluminoxane, and butyl aluminoxane, neutral or ionic boron based compounds such as tripentafluoro phenylboron and tributylammonium tetrapentafluoro phenylboron.
  • alkyl aluminium compounds such as trimethyl aluminium, triethyl aluminium, triisobutyl aluminium, trioctyl aluminium, methyl aluminoxane, ethyl aluminoxane, isobutyl aluminoxane, and butyl aluminoxane
  • a low molecular weight polyolefin prepared using the supported hybrid catalyst has preferably a molecular weight ranging from 1000 to 100,000 and a high molecular weight polyolefin prepared using the supported hybrid catalyst has preferably a molecular weight higher than that of the low molecular weight, ranging from 10,000 to 1,000,000.
  • the present invention also provides a method of preparing an ethylene-based copolymer, the method including copolymerizing ethylene and C 3-20 ⁇ -olefin in the presence of a supported hybrid catalyst in which at least two different metallocene compounds are supported on a support.
  • a supported hybrid catalyst is prepared by sequentially adding at least two different metallocene compounds having different polymerization characteristics for olefin to a single support, and then an ethylene-based copolymer having various properties and a bimodal or broad molecular weight distribution is prepared by inherent specific olefin polymerization characteristics of the respective metallocene compounds using the supported hybrid catalyst.
  • an ethylene-based copolymer is prepared using a supported hybrid catalyst which can easily control a molecular weight distribution even in a single reactor by impregnating a first metallocene compound inducing a low molecular weight olefin, a second metallocene compound inducing a high molecular weight olefin, and a cocatalyst with a single support.
  • a content of the Group IV metal of the finally obtained supported hybrid catalyst for olefin polymerization is 0.1-20 wt. %, and preferably 0.1-10 wt. %, and more preferably 1-3 wt. %.
  • a molar ratio of a Group XIII metal/a Group IV metal of the supported hybrid metallocene catalyst is 1-10,000, and preferably 1-1,000, and more preferably 10-100.
  • the supported hybrid catalyst of the present invention can be used for olefin polymerization without treatment. Also, it can be prepared into a pre-polymerized catalyst by contacting the supported hybrid catalyst with an olefinic monomer such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene.
  • an olefinic monomer such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene.
  • a polymerization process using the supported hybrid catalyst may be a solution process, a slurry process, a gas phase process, and a combination of slurry and gas phase processes, and preferably, a slurry or gas phase process, and more preferably, a slurry or gas phase process using a single reactor.
  • the supported hybrid catalyst can be used in an olefin polymerization process after being diluted into a slurry using an appropriate C 5-12 aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, such as pentane, hexane, heptane, nonane, decane, or an isomer thereof; an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, such as toluene or benzene; or a chlorine-substituted hydrocarbon solvent, such as dichloromethane or chlorobenzene.
  • the solvent is preferably treated with a trace of aluminium to remove catalytic poisons such as water, air, and the like.
  • Examples of the olefinic monomer which can be polymerized using the supported hybrid catalyst include ethylene, propylene, ⁇ -olefin, cyclic olefin, and the like.
  • a dienic olefinic monomer or trienic olefinic monomer having two or more double bonds can also be polymerized.
  • Examples of such monomers include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-icocene, norbornene, norbornadiene, ethylidenenorbornene, vinylnorbornene, dicyclopentadiene, 1,4-butadiene, 1,5-pentadiene, 1,6-hexadiene, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, divinylbenzene, 3-chloromethylstyrene, and the like. These monomers can also be copolymerized in combination.
  • the temperature for polymerizing these monomers in the presence of the supported hybrid catalyst of the present invention is 25-500° C., and preferably 25-200° C., and more preferably 50-100° C.
  • the polymerization pressure is 1-100 Kgf/cm 2 , and preferably 1-50 Kgf/cm 2 , and more preferably 5-40 Kgf/cm 2 .
  • a density of the ethylene-based copolymer is influenced by an amount of the ⁇ -olefin comonomer used. That is, as the amount of the ⁇ -olefin comonomer used increases, the density of the ethylene-based copolymer decreases. As the amount of the ⁇ -olefin comonomer used decreases, the density of the ethylene-based copolymer increases.
  • the density of the ethylene-based copolymer is preferably 0.930-0.960 g/cm 3 , in particular 0.933-0.952 g/cm 3 in order to obtain optimum internal pressure creep resistance and environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) of products.
  • a melt index of the ethylene-based copolymer is preferably 0.3-1.0 g/10 min, in particular 0.4-0.8 g/10 min in order to prevent a failure in the product molding due to drop and poor fluity in the molding process.
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing an ethylene-based copolymer, the method including copolymerizing ethylene and ⁇ -olefin using a supported hybrid catalyst in which at least two different metallocene compounds are supported on a support in a continuous slurry polymerization reactor at 75-85° C. by continuously supplying ethylene, a solvent and C 3-20 ⁇ -olefin at a constant ratio into the reactor.
  • an antioxidant In the preparation of the ethylene-based copolymer, an antioxidant, a pigment for adjusting the color, etc. can be used according to its final use.
  • a phenol-based antioxidant is typically used in order to prevent a thermal oxidation and improve a long-term resistance to thermal oxidation when passing through an extruder and a typical color master batch is used as the pigment for adjusting color.
  • the ethylene-based copolymer obtained in the present invention has superior processability, internal pressure creep resistance and ESCR, it can be used to fabricate water supply pipes without crosslinking when molding pipes.
  • the ethylene-based copolymer itself is used as a raw material, a compounding process of a crosslinker is not required.
  • the ethylene-based copolymer is easily processed in a typical extruder without modification of an appliance and power consumption is maintained at a constant, and thus processing costs are reduced.
  • the pipe fabricated using the ethylene-based copolymer of the present invention is more suitable as a water supply pipe for drinking water than conventional pipes fabricated in a chemical-crosslinking or moisture-crosslinking method.
  • Organic reagents and solvents required for the preparation of a catalyst and polymerization were obtained from Aldrich and purified by the standard methods.
  • Ethylene was obtained from Applied Gas Technology as a high purity product and filtered to remove moisture and oxygen before polymerization. Catalyst synthesis, supporting and polymerization were carried out isolated from air and moisture to ensure reproducibility.
  • t-Butyl-O—(CH 2 ) 6 —Cl was prepared using 6-chlorohexanol according to a method reported in literature (Tetrahedron Lett. 2951 (1988)) and was reacted with NaCp to obtain t-Butyl-O—(CH 2 ) 6 —C 5 H 5 (yield: 60%, b.p. 80° C./0.1 mmHg). 1 equivalent of n-BuLi was dropwise added to the obtained t-Butyl-O—(CH 2 ) 6 —C 5 H 5 ligand, and then the mixture was reacted with 0.5 equivalent of ZrCl 4 (THF) 2 at ⁇ 20° C. or lower to obtain a white solid [ t Bu-O—(CH 2 ) 6 —C 5 H 4 ] 2 ZrCl 2 (yield: 92%).
  • THF ZrCl 4
  • a dilithium salt (2.0 g, 4.5 mmol)/ether (30 mL) solution was slowly added to a ZrCl 4 (1.05 g, 4.50 mmol)/ether (30 mL) suspension at ⁇ 78° C.
  • a reaction was carried out for 3 hours at room temperature. All volatile materials were removed by vacuum drying, and the resultant oily liquid was filtered by adding a dichloromethane solvent. The filtered solution was vacuum dried, and hexane was added to induce precipitation.
  • Silica (XPO 2412, Grace Davison) was dehydrated for 15 hours at 800° C. in vacuum. 1.0 g of the silica was placed in 3 glass reactors. After adding 10 mL of hexane, 10 mL of a hexane solution dissolving the first metallocene compound prepared in Preparation Example 1 was added. Then a reaction was carried out for 4 hours at 90° C. while stirring the reactor. After the reaction was completed, the hexane was removed by layer separation. After washing three times with 20 mL of a hexane solution, the hexane was removed by suction to obtain a solid powder.
  • a methylaluminoxane (MAO) solution containing 12 mmol of aluminium in a toluene solution was added at 40° C. while stirring.
  • the unreacted aluminium compound was removed by washing a sufficient amount of toluene. Then, the remaining toluene was removed by suction at 50° C.
  • a toluene solution dissolving the second metallocene compound prepared in Preparation Example 2
  • a reaction was carried out at 40° C. while stirring the reactor. After washing with a sufficient amount of toluene, drying was carried out to obtain a powder.
  • the resultant supported hybrid catalyst can be used as a catalyst without further treatment. Alternatively, 30 psig of ethylene may be added for 2 minutes and a prepolymerization can be carried out for 1 hour at room temperature. The powder was vacuum dried to obtain a solid catalyst.
  • the catalyst injection amount was controlled such that the ethylene pressure remains at 8-9 kgf/cm 2 .
  • Each 10 mL of the catalyst was injected at time intervals.
  • the polymerization time was controlled by the solvent amount such that the residence time in the reactor is 2-3 hours.
  • 1-Butene was used at an ⁇ -olefin to identify the copolymerization characteristics.
  • a small amount of hydrogen was added to control the molecular weight.
  • Example 1 Two ethylene-based copolymers (Examples 1 and 2) were prepared with a different injection amount of the supported hybrid catalyst prepared in Preparation Example 3 considering the ethylene polymerization activity and the response to 1-butene as the comonomer and hydrogen for molecular weight control.
  • the activity, apparent density, density, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and basic physical properties of each ethylene-based copolymer are displayed in Table 1.
  • the catalyst of the present invention caused no process interruption due to fouling.
  • the apparent density of the polymer was good, in the range of 0.3-0.5 g/mL.
  • the results of evaluating the characteristics are displayed in Table 1.
  • An ethylene copolymer was prepared using an Mg supported Ti type Ziegler Natta catalyst and using 1-butene as a comonomer in a continuous process as in Examples 1 and 2. 0.7 wt. % of an organic oxide and 0.3 wt. % of antioxidant were added the ethylene copolymer. The mixture was then extruded to obtain a chemically crosslinked pipe with the same dimension as in the above Examples. The results of evaluating the characteristics are displayed in Table 1.
  • An ethylene copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. 2.0 wt. % of a silane compound, 0.3 wt. % of an organic peroxide, and 0.2 wt. % of an antioxidant were added to the ethylene copolymer. The mixture was extruded to obtain a moisture-crosslinked pipe with the same dimensions as in the above Examples. The results of evaluating of the characteristics are displayed in Table 1.
  • An ethylene copolymer was prepared using 1-butene as a comonomer in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that a continuous two step slurry polymerization process was used. An ethylene homopolymerization was carried out in a first step reactor. After removing hydrogen, the resultant was transferred to a second step reactor. A copolymerization of ethylene/1-butene was continuously carried out to obtain an ethylene-based copolymer with a bimodal molecular weight distribution. The obtained ethylene-based copolymer was extruded to obtain a pipe with the same dimension as in the above Examples. The results of evaluating the characteristics are displayed in Table 1.
  • An ethylene-based copolymer was prepared using a solution polymerization process, 1-octene as a comonomer, and a Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The obtained ethylene-based copolymer was extruded to obtain a pipe with the same dimension as in the above Examples. The results of evaluating the characteristics are displayed in Table 1.
  • An ethylene-based copolymer was prepared using a [ t Bu-O—(CH 2 ) 6 —C 5 H 4 ] 2 ZrCl 2 catalyst according to a standard method. A continuous slurry polymerization process was used and 1-butene was used as a comonomer. The obtained ethylene-based copolymer had a bimodal molecular weight distribution. A pipe with the same dimension as in the above Examples was molded. The results of evaluating the characteristics are displayed in Table 1.
  • the evaluation properties and evaluation methods of the ethylene-based copolymers prepared in the above Examples of the present invention and the above Comparative Examples are as follows.
  • the pipes with an outer diameter of 32 mm and a thickness of 2.9 mm were molded and its physical properties were evaluated.
  • the density was determined according to ASTM D792. For a sample containing a crosslinker, the measurements were conducted prior to the addition of the crosslinker.
  • the melt index was at 190° C.
  • the measurments were conducted prior to the addition of the crosslinker.
  • a number average molecular weight, a weight average molecular weight, and a Z average molecular weight were determined from a gel permeation chromatography (GPC). It is represented by a ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight.
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • ASTM D638 it is measured using a 3 mm thick hot press sheet at a stretch rate of 50 mm/min. For a sample containing a crosslinker, the measurements were conducted after crosslinking.
  • the ESCR is determined by recording the time until F50 (50% fracture) using a 10% Igepal CO-630 Solution at 50° C. For a sample containing a crosslinker, the measurements were conducted after crosslinking.
  • the processability was classified as “good”, “fair” or “poor” on the basis of a line speed (m/min) upon pipe molding.
  • a test stress of 3.5 Mpa was applied to the molded pipes in hot water at 95° C. and the breakdown time was recorded.
  • the molded pipe was cut into 10 pieces so as to have a length of 20 cm, and immersed in 5 L of hot water at 50° C. for 24 hours. Then, an odor of the water was classified as “good”, “fair” or “poor”.
  • the cost effectiveness was classified as “good” or “bad” on the basis of the costs of raw materials and process and manufacturing costs of the pipes.
  • Comparative Example 3 has a bimodal molecular weight distribution similar to the products of Examples 1 and 2, but has a limitation in the amount of comonomer added due to the Ziegler-Natta catalyst, and thus has too high density to be applied to products which should have flexibility, such as a water supply pipe, and has low productivity due to low MI.
  • Comparative Example 4 using 1-octent as a comonomer has sufficient physical properties, but is unfavorable costly due to the high costs of the comonomer and the process costs of solution polymerization.
  • the product of Comparative Example 5 uses a metallocene catalyst as in Examples, but has poor processability due to a typical narrow single molecular weight distribution and is difficult to be processed in general extruders.
  • the ethylene-based copolymer according to the present invention has no odor problem when being used for water supply pipes since it is not crosslinked, and has no increase of load of an extruder, heat, and die gum from polyethylene residue. Also, the ethylene-based copolymer is inexpensive since a compounding process of a crosslinker is not required and the pipe molded therefrom has sufficient flexibility and can be easily installed by thermal bonding.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
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US7658208B2 (en) * 2006-09-25 2010-02-09 Veyance Technologies, Inc. Kink, crush, and burst resistant flexible hose construction
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US7754834B2 (en) 2007-04-12 2010-07-13 Univation Technologies, Llc Bulk density promoting agents in a gas-phase polymerization process to achieve a bulk particle density
US8815357B1 (en) * 2013-02-27 2014-08-26 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Polymer resins with improved processability and melt fracture characteristics
US9738735B1 (en) * 2014-08-07 2017-08-22 Basell Polyolefine Gmbh Process for ethylene polymerization with improved ethylene feed system

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NO337427B1 (no) 2016-04-11
CN1906220A (zh) 2007-01-31
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US20050228139A1 (en) 2005-10-13
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EP1732958A4 (fr) 2008-07-09
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