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US7116984B1 - Location services in a packet radio network - Google Patents

Location services in a packet radio network Download PDF

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Publication number
US7116984B1
US7116984B1 US09/830,816 US83081601A US7116984B1 US 7116984 B1 US7116984 B1 US 7116984B1 US 83081601 A US83081601 A US 83081601A US 7116984 B1 US7116984 B1 US 7116984B1
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Prior art keywords
location
connection
mobile
mobile station
switched
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US09/830,816
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Ahti Muhonen
Serge Haumont
Mikko Puuskari
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Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
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Nokia Networks Oy
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Priority to US11/488,003 priority Critical patent/US7469147B2/en
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Publication of US7116984B1 publication Critical patent/US7116984B1/en
Assigned to NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS OY reassignment NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS OY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NOKIA CORPORATION
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and equipment for providing location services in a telecommunications system comprising a packet radio network, and for the use of the packet radio network as a bearer for location information.
  • Mobile communications systems provide mobile users with means to communicate from an arbitrary location within a Public Land based Mobile Network PLMN.
  • PLMN Public Land based Mobile Network
  • mobile communications systems offered more or less the same services as do wired communications systems, i.e. voice calls, data calls and fax calls.
  • the ever-changing location of the mobile user has been seen more as a necessary evil than a useful piece of information which the wired communications systems cannot deliver.
  • a more modern vision is that by making full use of the user's location mobile communications systems can achieve competitive advantages over wired communications systems.
  • This information can be used for customizing certain value-added services according to the user's location.
  • location-specific value-added services include weather forecasts, entertainment programmes, timetables, navigation and locating a mobile user in an emergency. Additionally, the user's location can also be used for law-enforcement purposes.
  • a mobile station can be located within one cell if the mobile station is having an ongoing call. Without such an ongoing call the location is known only within a location area, which typically comprises several cells. Even if the location is known within one cell, there is still considerable ambiguity concerning the location, considering that the diameter of a GSM cell can be as large as 70 km. More precise location service is the subject of standardization work being performed in a US standardization group called T1P1.
  • T1P1P1 More precise location service is the subject of standardization work being performed in a US standardization group called T1P1.
  • T1P1 US standardization group
  • a mobile station can have an integrated GPS receiver, whereby it can determine its own coordinates and send them to the network.
  • a mobile station without an integrated GPS receiver can be located e.g. by triangulation using three base stations. Details of the location procedure are not relevant to this invention, however, and a reference is made to the relevant T1P1 specifications.
  • Location management refers to the task of tracking the location of a mobile station in terms of location/routing areas and cell/network element identifiers. Thus, location management is performed in any mobile communications system, and it is a necessary task for routing calls to a mobile subscriber.
  • location service (LCS) refers to the task of tracking the location of a mobile station in terms of geographical coordinates. This task is not necessary for routing calls. Rather, it is a value-added service, or it can be used for producing value-added services.
  • a problem with prior art location service systems is that packet radio subscribers are completely ignored. There are no known methods to locate a mobile station with a subscription only to a packet radio network, such as GPRS (General Packet Radio Service). A brute-force approach would be to implement a separate location service for the packet-switched network, but this would result in duplicating several network elements. There are no known signalling conventions enabling the use of the location service for the circuit-switched network also in the packet-switched network.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a mechanism for implementing a location service to a packet radio network, such as the GPRS. Another object is to implement the location service in a manner which does not needlessly duplicate existing functionality and/or increase the signalling overhead. Another object of the invention is to offer packet-based bearers for the location services in a circuit-switched network, such as GSM.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized by 4) determining a preferred type of connection for the retrieving step on the basis of a first set of predetermined criteria; and 5) performing, in the retrieving step, at least a first attempt via the preferred type of connection.
  • the first set of predetermined criteria comprises checking whether the mobile station currently has an active connection via at least one of the types of connection.
  • the checking may be based on examining the request from the requesting entity.
  • a second set of predetermined criteria may comprise the reason for the failure, and the retrieving step may comprise performing a second attempt via the remaining type of connection in response to fulfilment of the second set of predetermined criteria.
  • the second set of predetermined criteria is fulfilled if the first attempt fails but the reason for the failure is not “service not allowed”, and the second attempt via the remaining type of connection has not been unsuccessfully performed earlier.
  • the preferred type of connection is circuit-switched, otherwise it is packet-switched.
  • the method may comprise establishing circuit-switched communications for the mobile station if packet-switched communications are not established.
  • the method may comprise establishing at least one implicit Packet Data Protocol, or PDP, context.
  • Establishing the PDP context may comprise allocating a predefined Network layer Service Access Point Identifier, or NSAPI, value.
  • the implicit PDP context may be established between the mobile station and the support node and/or a support node and a Serving Mobile Location Centre currently serving the mobile station.
  • the latter PDP context may also be an explicit one.
  • a Gateway Mobile Location Centre GMLC (optionally aided by other network elements, such as the HLR and/or the VMSC), because all LCS inquiries are routed via the GMLC.
  • GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Centre
  • a GMLC is adapted to carry out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a telecommunications system where the invention can be used
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a general concept of the invention.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C are signalling diagrams depicting different scenarios in a system as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention will be described in connection with the GSM and the GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), substantially in accordance with the relevant ETSI recommendations.
  • GSM and GPRS systems have been chosen only for the purposes of illustration, and the invention is applicable in any telecommunications system supporting circuit-switched and packet-switched connections.
  • the MLCs perform location services related to mobile equipment and/or subscribers.
  • the MS is normally a mobile phone, but it can be any entity which uses the standard air interface, for example a measurement unit connected to the network through the air interface.
  • a system as shown in FIG. 1 can be implemented with interfaces as follows.
  • the L1 interface (VMSC/SGSN) can be a MAP interface over SS7 or IP, or a GPRS Gs interface.
  • the L2 interface (SGSN/SMLC) and the L7 interface (SGSN/GMLC) can be a MAP interface over SS7 or IP, or a GPRS Gn interface.
  • the L3 interface (SGSN/Home GMLC) can be a MAP interface over SS7 or IP, or a GPRS Gp interface.
  • the L4 interface (MSC/SMLC), the L5 interface (GMLC/VMSC) and the L6 interface (HLR/GMLC) can be a MAP interface over SS7 or IP.
  • the protocols and the protocol messages on the L3, L5 and L7 interfaces are the same, for example the same MAP interfaces and messages.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a general concept of the invention from the point of view of a Gateway Mobile Location Centre GMLC.
  • the GMLC receives an LCS request from a requesting entity/application.
  • the GMLC determines the preferred type of connection (circuit-switched or packet-switched), and in step 22 it makes a first attempt via the preferred type of connection (e.g. circuit-switched).
  • the GMLC tests whether the first attempt was successful, and if yes, in step 28 it sends a response to the entity/application which sent the initial request in step 20 . If the first attempt failed, the GMLC may check in step 24 whether the failure was due to barring restrictions (i.e.
  • step 29 the failure is indicated to the requesting entity.
  • step 25 wherein it is tested whether or not the remaining type of connection has already been tried. Otherwise, in step 26 a second attempt is made via the remaining type of connection.
  • the GMLC determines whether the second attempt was successful, and if yes, in step 28 it sends a response to the entity/application which sent the request in step 20 . Otherwise, it indicates the failure in step 29 .
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C are signalling diagrams depicting three different scenarios in a system as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the system comprises an SMLC element for generic location calculation and a GMLC element according to the invention.
  • an external LCS application/entity requests some LCS service from a GMLC.
  • the GMLC verifies the identity of the LCS application and its subscription to the LCS service requested.
  • the GMLC also derives an identifier (e.g. the MSISDN) of the MS to be located and the LCS QoS from either the subscription data or from the data supplied by the requesting application.
  • the GMLC checks whether or not the MS subscriber is a GSM subscriber, i.e.
  • the GMLC sends a MAP_SEND_ROUTING_INFO_FOR_LCS message to the HLR of the MS to be located.
  • the message is routed to the HLR of the HPLMN using the MSISDN number in the called party address on the SCCP layer. If the GMLC already knows the VMSC location and the IMSI for the particular MSISDN (e.g. the GMLC has stored the results from a previous location request to a cache-type memory), steps 302 and 303 may be skipped.
  • the GMLC may reuse the SGSN address and skip steps 302 and 303 altogether. However, even if the VMSC and SGSN addresses are present at the GMLC for a particular user, the GMLC may perform steps 302 and 303 in order to make sure that it has the most recent information. (In other words, if the GMLC stores the information in a cache, the information preferably has a maximum lifetime.)
  • the HLR verifies that the E. 164 address of the GMLC, contained in the SCCP calling party address, corresponds to a known GSM network element that is authorized to request MS location information. (E. 164 is an addressing system used in the SS7 signalling system.) The HLR then returns the IMSI for the particular MS, as well as the current VMSC address and the current SGSN address, if available.
  • the three scenarios differ from each other. If the GMLC knows the address of the VMSC serving the mobile station, in step 305 a the GMLC sends a MAP_PROVIDE_SUBSCRIBER_LOCATION message to the VMSC indicated by the HLR. If no VMSC address is available, in step 305 c the message is sent to the SGSN address indicated by the HLR. This message carries the MS subscriber's IMSI, LCS QoS information (e.g. accuracy, response time, preferred/required positioning method), an indication of whether the LCS application has override capability, and the current SGSN address if available.
  • LCS QoS information e.g. accuracy, response time, preferred/required positioning method
  • step 305 a If the message in step 305 a was sent to the VMSC, it verifies possible LCS barring restrictions in the MS user's subscription profile in the VLR. (In this case the PROVIDE_SUBSCRIBER_LOCATION message sent to the VMSC should include the SGSN address which will be used in step 305 b , if this step is taken.) Otherwise, the SGSN can perform these checking functions. If the LCS is barred and an LCS application in the same country does not have override capability, an error response is returned to the GMLC. If the MS is in GSM Active mode (for example, there is an ongoing call), in step 307 a the VMSC sends a MAP_PERFORM_LOCATION_SERVICE message to its associated SMLC.
  • the signalling channels of the ongoing call are used for the message exchange between the SMLC and the MS.
  • the MS is in GSM Idle mode, in step 305 b the VMSC relays the MAP_PROVIDE_SUBSCRIBER_LOCATION message it received from the GMLC to the SGSN, i.e. to the address received from the GMLC.
  • This address might be an IP address or an SS7 number, depending on the protocols used between the VMSC and the SGSN on the one hand and between the GMLC and the SGSN on the other hand.
  • the VMSC establishes a channel over the circuit-switched service for location purposes and steps 307 a – 310 a will be executed. If these steps fail, the GMLC will be informed that the LCS has failed via both packet-switched and circuit-switched services. If the SGSN receives the location request message from the VMSC, in step 307 b it sends a MAP_PERFORM_LOCATION_SERVICE message to its associated SMLC.
  • the SMLC information should be configured beforehand at the SGSNs.
  • step 303 the GMLC will try to locate the MS via the SGSN (and continue at step 305 c ). If there was no VMSC address for the MS, in step 305 c the MAP_PROVIDE_SUBSCRIBER_LOCATION message is sent directly to the SGSN. Having checked possible barring and other restrictions, in step 307 c the SGSN sends the MAP_PERFORM_LOCATION_SERVICE message to its associated SMLC. In step 308 , Generic Location Calculation is performed in or via the SMLC. For details concerning the location calculation, reference is made to the relevant ETSI specifications. However, such details are not essential for understanding the present invention.
  • step 309 the SMLC returns the location information to the requesting entity (the VMSC in step 309 a , the SGSN in steps 309 b and 309 c ).
  • step 310 the location information is returned to the GMLC.
  • the VMSC returns the location information directly to the GMLC.
  • step 310 b the SGSN returns the location information via the VMSC to the GMLC.
  • step 310 c the SGSN returns the location information directly to the GMLC.
  • step 311 the GMLC returns the MS location estimate to the requesting LCS entity/application.
  • the GMLC may first transform the universal location coordinates provided by the VMSC into some local geographic system.
  • the GMLC may record billing for both the LCS application and inter-network revenue charges from the VMSC network.
  • the subject matter of FIG. 3A substantially corresponds to the relevant ETSI specifications.
  • the GMLC may perform another HLR interrogation to get up-to-date address information. After getting the new information, the GMLC may start the operation from the beginning. Also, if it could not reach the VMSC the GMLC can try to contact the SGSN directly.
  • the VMSC could not reach the SGSN after a certain number of attempts, or if the MS is unknown in the SGSN, it may perform the location operation itself over circuit-switched services. If this location operation is unsuccessful, the VMSC should return an error response to the GMLC and indicate that the location operation has failed via both the SGSN and the VMSC. The GMLC will then not try the SGSN route.
  • the GMLC may determine on the basis of the LCS Request whether or not this request is related to an ongoing call.
  • the basis for this determination may be for example an explicit parameter, such as a called-party number in the LCS request, or an implicit indication, such as the source address of the LCS request. If in step 303 both an SGSN address and an MSC address are returned, then in step 304 the GMLC may operate as follows.
  • the GMLC sends the PROVIDE_SUBSCR_Loc to the VMSC handling the call. Normally, the signalling channel of the ongoing call will be used for message exchange between the SMLC and the MS. Possible errors will be reported to the GMLC which should then try the SGSN route, unless the error was due to barring (i.e. “service not allowed”).
  • the GMLC sends the PROVIDE_SUBSCR_Loc message to the SGSN serving the MS.
  • the SGSN attempts to locate the MS using steps 305 c to 310 c shown in FIG. 3C . If the attempt fails for any other reason than barring, the SGSN will return an error report to the GMLC.
  • the GMLC will try the VMSC route (i.e. it sends the PROVIDE_SUBSCR_Loc message to the VMSC). Then the VMSC will try to locate the MS via the VMSC (using steps 307 a to 310 a ), although the MS is in idle mode.
  • the GMLC tries this address. If the address relates to a VMSC, steps 307 a to 310 a will be used, and if the address relates to an SGSN, steps 307 c to 310 c will be used.
  • the invention allows several options to transfer information between the MS and the MLC, as well as between the SGSN and the GMLC, depending on the chosen location calculation method.
  • the GMLC-SGSN interface is preferably similar to the GMLC-VMSC interface.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C are somewhat simplified, because some routine steps (such as PDP context activation) have been omitted. It is to be expected that location services will play an increasingly important role in making mobile communication systems more competitive with wired communication systems. Thus the routine task of establishing a PDP context for the purpose of location services may cause significant overhead traffic. To eliminate this overhead traffic, there may be an implicit PDP context between the mobile station MS and the SGSN. For this purpose, one NSAPI (Network layer Service Access Point Identifier) value should be reserved and standardized for location services. In the GPRS support nodes SGSN and GGSN, the NSAPI identifies the PDP context associated with a certain PDP address.
  • NSAPI Network layer Service Access Point Identifier
  • the existence of the implicit context allows the MS and the SGSN to send a location request or a response message at any time. Thus, no explicit context activation is needed.
  • the SGSN forwards a mobile-originated message using the reserved NSAPI value to the serving MLC. Similarly, a mobile-terminated message is forwarded to the MS at any time by means of the special NSAPI value.
  • a radio link needs to be established between the MS and the SGSN for the message transmission.
  • Communication between the SGSN and the serving MLC can be established in several ways.
  • the implicit context approach can be reused between these entities as well.
  • explicit context establishment can take place on this interface (with the special NSAPI value).
  • a benefit of this approach is that the MLC knows all the users who are currently tracked, and in the case where a user is handed over to another SGSN which is served by another MLC, the context can be explicitly released.
  • the old SGSN can indicate the failure by sending an error report to the VMSC or the GMLC.
  • the VMSC may relay this error report to the GMLC, which may interrogate the HLR again to get the new SGSN address in order to be able to initiate the location process again.
  • This interface may be the same as the interface between the SMLC and the VMSC, for example a MAP interface.
  • conventional PDP context activation can be used between the MS and the SMLC, which in this case looks like a special GGSN to the MS.
  • the context activation can be performed automatically in connection with a GPRS Attach procedure or only on demand.
  • a special NSAPI can be allocated for this context, but it is not necessary with this option.
  • a special APN e.g. “MLC” indicates to the SGSN that a location context is requested.
  • the SGSN then relays the context activation to the MLC serving this SGSN (the SGSN configuration information).
  • the MLC can request that network-initiated PDP context activation takes place (e.g. with a special NSAPI indicating to the user's mobile station that a location context needs to be established).
  • Special signalling messages can be defined for the air interface (MS-SGSN) and between the SGSNs and the MLCs.
  • the SGSN relays these messages to the MS and the MLC based on the configuration information (MLC) and user's IMSI.
  • MLC configuration information
  • IMSI user's IMSI
  • APN Access Point Name
  • GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Centre
  • GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
  • HLR Home Location Register
  • HPLMN Home PLMN
  • MSC Mobile services Switching Centre
  • NSAPI Network (layer) Service Access Point Identifier
  • PLMN Public Land based Mobile Network
  • SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
  • SMLC Serving Mobile Location Centre
  • VLR Visitor Location Register

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
US09/830,816 1998-10-27 1999-10-26 Location services in a packet radio network Expired - Fee Related US7116984B1 (en)

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US11/488,003 US7469147B2 (en) 1998-10-27 2006-07-18 Location services in a packet radio network

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FI982331A FI108391B (fi) 1998-10-27 1998-10-27 Sijaintipalvelut pakettiradioverkossa
PCT/FI1999/000894 WO2000025545A1 (fr) 1998-10-27 1999-10-26 Services de localisation dans un reseau de radiocommunication a commutation par paquets

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EP (1) EP1125459B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP3719935B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1159947C (fr)
AT (1) ATE290299T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1049500A (fr)
DE (1) DE69923993T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2237172T3 (fr)
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JP2005110317A (ja) 2005-04-21
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ES2237172T3 (es) 2005-07-16
WO2000025545A1 (fr) 2000-05-04
EP1125459B1 (fr) 2005-03-02
FI108391B (fi) 2002-01-15
US7469147B2 (en) 2008-12-23
DE69923993T2 (de) 2006-02-16
US20060258373A1 (en) 2006-11-16
PT1125459E (pt) 2005-07-29
AU1049500A (en) 2000-05-15
JP2002529031A (ja) 2002-09-03
DE69923993D1 (de) 2005-04-07
JP3719935B2 (ja) 2005-11-24
CN1324553A (zh) 2001-11-28
ATE290299T1 (de) 2005-03-15
FI982331A0 (fi) 1998-10-27
CN1159947C (zh) 2004-07-28

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