+

US6825030B2 - Nucleotide sequences encoding a sensor kinase, citA, from corynebacterium glutamicum - Google Patents

Nucleotide sequences encoding a sensor kinase, citA, from corynebacterium glutamicum Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US6825030B2
US6825030B2 US09/804,060 US80406001A US6825030B2 US 6825030 B2 US6825030 B2 US 6825030B2 US 80406001 A US80406001 A US 80406001A US 6825030 B2 US6825030 B2 US 6825030B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ala
gly
leu
val
ile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US09/804,060
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
US20020081672A1 (en
Inventor
Bettina Möckel
Mike Farwick
Thomas Hermann
Achim Marx
Walter Pfefferle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Degussa GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10108463A external-priority patent/DE10108463A1/de
Application filed by Degussa GmbH filed Critical Degussa GmbH
Assigned to DEGUSSA AG reassignment DEGUSSA AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PFEFFERLE, WALTER, MARX, ACHIM, FARWICK, MIKE, HERMANN, THOMAS, MOCKEL, BETTINA
Publication of US20020081672A1 publication Critical patent/US20020081672A1/en
Priority to US10/977,474 priority Critical patent/US7205144B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6825030B2 publication Critical patent/US6825030B2/en
Priority to US11/615,860 priority patent/US20070122832A1/en
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
    • C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
    • C12N9/1205—Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (2.7.1), e.g. protein kinases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
    • C07K14/34—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Corynebacterium (G)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C12P13/06—Alanine; Leucine; Isoleucine; Serine; Homoserine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C12P13/08—Lysine; Diaminopimelic acid; Threonine; Valine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C12P13/10—Citrulline; Arginine; Ornithine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C12P13/12—Methionine; Cysteine; Cystine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C12P13/14—Glutamic acid; Glutamine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C12P13/20—Aspartic acid; Asparagine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C12P13/22—Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Phenylalanine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
    • C12P13/222—Phenylalanine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C12P13/22—Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Phenylalanine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
    • C12P13/225—Tyrosine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C12P13/22—Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Phenylalanine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
    • C12P13/227—Tryptophan
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
    • C12P13/24—Proline; Hydroxyproline; Histidine

Definitions

  • the invention provides nucleotide sequences from coryneform bacteria which code for the citA gene and a process for the fermentative preparation of amino acids, in particular L-lysine, by attenuation of the citA gene.
  • the citA gene codes for the sensor kinase Cit A of a two-component system.
  • L-Amino acids in particular L-lysine, are used in human medicine and in the pharmaceuticals industry, in the foodstuffs industry and very particularly in animal nutrition.
  • amino acids are prepared by fermentation from strains of coryneform bacteria, in particular Corynebacterium glutamicum . Because of their great importance, work is constantly being undertaken to improve the preparation processes. Improvements to the process can relate to fermentation measures, such as, for example, stirring and supply of oxygen, or the composition of the nutrient media, such as, for example, the sugar concentration during the fermentation, or the working up to the product form by, for example, ion exchange chromatography, or the intrinsic output properties of the microorganism itself.
  • fermentation measures such as, for example, stirring and supply of oxygen, or the composition of the nutrient media, such as, for example, the sugar concentration during the fermentation, or the working up to the product form by, for example, ion exchange chromatography, or the intrinsic output properties of the microorganism itself.
  • Methods of mutagenesis, selection and mutant selection are used to improve the output properties of these microorganisms.
  • Strains which are resistant to antimetabolites or are auxotrophic for metabolites of regulatory importance and which produce amino acids are obtained in this manner.
  • the inventors had the object of providing new measures for improved fermentative preparation of amino acids, in particular L-lysine.
  • L-lysine or lysine are mentioned in the following, this also means the salts, such as e.g., lysine monohydrochloride or lysine sulfate.
  • the invention provides an isolated polynucleotide from coryneform bacteria, comprising a polynucleotide sequence which codes for the citA gene chosen from the group consisting of
  • polynucleotide which is identical to the extent of at least 70% to a polynucleotide which codes for a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2,
  • polynucleotide which codes for a polypeptide which comprises an amino acid sequence which is identical to the extent of at least 70% to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2,
  • polynucleotide comprising at least 15 successive nucleotides of the polynucleotide sequence of a), b) or c),
  • polypeptide preferably having the activity of sensor kinase CitA.
  • the invention also provides the abovementioned polynucleotide, this preferably being a DNA which is capable of replication, comprising:
  • the invention also provides:
  • a polynucleotide in particular DNA, which is capable of replication and comprises the nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID No. 1;
  • polynucleotide which codes for a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID No. 2;
  • the invention also provides polynucleotides which substantially comprise a polynucleotide sequence, which are obtainable by screening by means of hybridization of a corresponding gene library of a coryneform bacterium , which comprises the complete gene or parts thereof, with a probe which comprises the sequence of the polynucleotide according to the invention or a fragment thereof, and isolation of the polynucleotide sequence mentioned.
  • Polynucleotides comprising the sequences according to the invention are suitable as hybridization probes for RNA, CDNA and DNA, in order to isolate, in the full length, nucleic acids or polynucleotides or genes which code for CitA protein or to isolate those nucleic acids or polynucleotides or genes which have a high similarity with the sequence of the citA gene.
  • Polynucleotides comprising the sequences according to the invention are furthermore suitable as primers with the aid of which DNA of genes which code for the CitA protein can be prepared by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • oligonucleotides which serve as probes or primers comprise at least 30, preferably at least 20, very particularly preferably at least 15 successive nucleotides. Oligonucleotides which have a length of at least 40 or 50 nucleotides are also suitable.
  • FIG. 1 Map of the plasmid pCR2.1citAint.
  • KmR Kanamycin resistance gene
  • HindIII Cleavage site of the restriction enzyme HindIII
  • citAint Internal fragment of the citA gene
  • ColE1 Replication origin of the plasmid ColE1
  • Polynucleotide in general relates to polyribonucleotides and polydeoxyribonucleotides, it being possible for these to be non-modified RNA or DNA or modified RNA or DNA.
  • the polynucleotides according to the invention include a polynucleotide according to SEQ ID No. 1 or a fragment prepared therefrom and also those which are at least 70%, preferably at least 80% and in particular at least 90% to 95% identical to the polynucleotide according to SEQ ID No. 1 or a fragment prepared therefrom.
  • Polypeptides are understood as meaning peptides or proteins which comprise two or more amino acids bonded via peptide bonds.
  • polypeptides according to the invention include a polypeptide according to SEQ ID No. 2, in particular those with the biological activity of the CitA protein and also those which are at least 70%, preferably at least 80% and in particular at least 90% to 95% identical to the polypeptide according to SEQ ID No. 2 and have the activity mentioned.
  • the invention moreover relates to a process for the fermentative preparation of amino acids, in particular L-lysine, using coryneform bacteria which in particular already produce amino acids and in which the nucleotide sequences which code for the citA gene are attenuated, in particular eliminated or expressed at a low level.
  • the term “attenuation” in this connection describes the reduction or elimination of the intracellular activity of one or more enzymes (proteins) in a microorganism which are coded by the corresponding DNA, for example by using a weak promoter or using a gene or allele which codes for a corresponding enzyme with a low activity or inactivates the corresponding gene or enzyme (protein), and optionally combining these measures.
  • the microorganisms which the present invention provides can prepare amino acids, in particular L-lysine, from glucose, sucrose, lactose, fructose, maltose, molasses, starch, cellulose or from glycerol and ethanol. They can be representatives of coryneform bacteria, in particular of the genus Corynebacterium . Of the genus Corynebacterium , there may be mentioned in particular the species Corynebacterium glutamicum , which is known among experts for its ability to produce L-amino acids.
  • Suitable strains of the genus Corynebacterium in particular of the species Corynebacterium glutamicum ( C. glutamicum ), are in particular the known wild-type strains
  • L-amino acid-producing mutants or strains prepared therefrom such as, for example, the L-lysine-producing strains
  • the inventors have succeeded in isolating the new citA gene of C. glutamicum which codes for the CitA protein and which is a sensor kinase of a two-component system.
  • E. coli Escherichia coli
  • the setting up of gene libraries is described in generally known textbooks and handbooks. The textbook by Winnacker: Genes and Clones, An Introduction to Genetic Engineering (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Germany, 1990), or the handbook by Sambrook et al.: Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989) may be mentioned as an example.
  • a well-known gene library is that of the E. coli K-12 strain W3110 set up in ⁇ -vectors by Kohara et al. (Cell 50, 495-508 (1987)). Bathe et al.
  • plasmids such as pBR322 (Bolivar, 1979, Life Sciences, 25, 807-818) or pUC9 (Vieira et al., 1982, Gene, 19:259-268).
  • Suitable hosts are, in particular, those E. coli strains which are restriction- and recombination-defective, such as, for example, the strain DH5 ⁇ (Jeffrey H. Miller: “A Short Course in Bacterial Genetics, A Laboratory Manual and Handbook for Escherichia coli and Related Bacteria,” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1992).
  • the long DNA fragments cloned with the aid of cosmids or other ⁇ -vectors can than be subcloned in turn into the usual vectors suitable for DNA sequencing.
  • the resulting DNA sequences can then be investigated with known algorithms or sequence analysis programs, such as e.g., that of Staden (Nucleic Acids Research 14, 217-232(1986)), that of Marck (Nucleic Acids Research 16, 1829-1836 (1988)) or the GCG program of Butler (Methods of Biochemical Analysis 39, 74-97 (1998)).
  • known algorithms or sequence analysis programs such as e.g., that of Staden (Nucleic Acids Research 14, 217-232(1986)), that of Marck (Nucleic Acids Research 16, 1829-1836 (1988)) or the GCG program of Butler (Methods of Biochemical Analysis 39, 74-97 (1998)).
  • the new DNA sequence of C. glutamicum which codes for the citA gene and which, as SEQ ID No. 1, is a constituent of the present invention has been found in this way.
  • the amino acid sequence of the corresponding protein has furthermore been derived from the present DNA sequence by the methods described above.
  • the resulting amino acid sequence of the citA gene product is shown in SEQ ID No. 2.
  • Coding DNA sequences which result from SEQ ID No. 1 by the degeneracy of the genetic code are also a constituent of the invention.
  • DNA sequences which hybridize with SEQ ID No. 1 or parts of SEQ ID No. 1 are a constituent of the invention.
  • Conservative amino acid exchanges such as e.g., exchange of glycine for alanine or of aspartic acid for glutamic acid in proteins, are furthermore known among experts as “sense mutations” which do not lead to a fundamental change in the activity of the protein, i.e., are of neutral function. It is furthermore known that changes on the N and/or C terminus of a protein cannot substantially impair or can even stabilize the function thereof.
  • DNA sequences which are prepared by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers which result from SEQ ID No. 1 are a constituent of the invention.
  • oligonucleotides typically have a length of at least 15 nucleotides.
  • the hybridization reaction is preferably carried out under a relatively low stringency compared with the washing steps (Hybaid Hybridisation Guide, Hybaid Limited, Teddington, UK, 1996).
  • a 5 ⁇ SSC buffer at a temperature of approx. 50-68° C., for example, can be employed for the hybridization reaction.
  • Probes can also hybridize here with polynucleotides which are less than 70% identical to the sequence of the probe. Such hybrids are less stable and are removed by washing under stringent conditions. This can be achieved, for example, by lowering the salt concentration to 2 ⁇ SSC and optionally subsequently 0.5 ⁇ SSC (The DIG System User's Guide for Filter Hybridisation, Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany, 1995) a temperature of approx.
  • Polynucleotide fragments which are, for example, at least 70% or at least 80% or at least 90% to 95% identical to the sequence of the probe employed can be isolated by increasing the hybridization temperature stepwise from 50 to 68° C. in steps of approx. 1-2° C. Further instructions on hybridization are obtainable on the market in the form of so-called kits (e.g., DIG Easy Hyb from Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany, Catalogue No. 1603558).
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • coryneform bacteria produce amino acids, in particular L-lysine, in an improved manner after attenuation of the citA gene.
  • either the expression of the citA gene or the catalytic properties of the enzyme protein can be reduced or eliminated.
  • the two measures can optionally be combined.
  • the reduction in gene expression can take place by suitable culturing or by genetic modification (mutation) of the signal structures of gene expression.
  • Signal structures of gene expression are, for example, repressor genes, activator genes, operators, promoters, attenuators, ribosome binding sites, the start codon and terminators.
  • the expert can find information on this e.g., in the patent application WO 96/15246, in Boyd and Murphy (Journal of Bacteriology 170: 5949 (1988)), in Voskuil and Chambliss (Nucleic Acids Research 26: 3548 (1998), in Jensen and Hammer (Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58: 191 (1998)), in Pátek et al.
  • Possible mutations are transitions, transversions, insertions and deletions. Depending on the effect of the amino acid exchange on the enzyme activity, missense mutations or nonsense mutations are referred to. Insertions or deletions of at least one base pair (bp) in a gene lead to frame shift mutations, as a consequence of which incorrect amino acids are incorporated or translation is interrupted prematurely. Deletions of several codons typically lead to a complete loss of the enzyme activity.
  • a central part of the coding region of the gene of interest is cloned in a plasmid vector which can replicate in a host (typically E. coli ), but not in C. glutamicum .
  • Possible vectors are, for example, pSUP301 (Simon et al., Bio/Technology 1, 784-791 (1983)), pK18mob or pK19mob (Schäfer et al., Gene 145, 69-73 (1994)), pK18mobsacB or pK19mobsacB (Jäger et al., Journal of Bacteriology 174: 5462-65 (1992)), pGEM-T (Promega corporation, Madison, Wis., USA), pCR2.1-TOPO (Shuman (1994).
  • a mutation such as e.g., a deletion, insertion or base exchange
  • the allele prepared is in turn cloned in a vector which is not replicative for C. glutamicum and this is then transferred into the desired host of C. glutamicum by transformation or conjugation.
  • a first “cross-over” event which effects integration
  • a suitable second “cross-over” event which effects excision in the target gene or in the target sequence
  • the incorporation of the mutation or of the allele is achieved.
  • This method was used, for example, by Peters-Wendisch et al. (Microbiology 144, 915-927 (1998)) to eliminate the pyc gene of C. glutamicum by a deletion.
  • a deletion, insertion or a base exchange can be incorporated into the citA gene in this manner.
  • L-amino acids in particular L-lysine
  • enhancement in this connection describes the increase in the intracellular activity of one or more enzymes (proteins) in a microorganism which are coded by the corresponding DNA, for example by increasing the number of copies of the gene or genes, using a potent promoter or using a gene or allele which codes for a corresponding enzyme (protein) having a high activity, and optionally combining these measures.
  • amino acids in particular L-lysine
  • the invention also provides the microorganisms prepared according to the invention, and these can be cultured continuously or discontinuously in the batch process (batch culture) or in the fed batch (feed process) or repeated fed batch process (repetitive feed process) for the purpose of production of L-amino acids, in particular L-lysine.
  • batch culture batch culture
  • feed process feed process
  • repetitive feed process repetition feed process
  • the culture medium to be used must meet the requirements of the particular strains in a suitable manner. Descriptions of culture media for various microorganisms are contained in the handbook “Manual of Methods for General Bacteriology” of the American Society for Bacteriology (Washington D.C., USA, 1981).
  • Sugars and carbohydrates such as e.g., glucose, sucrose, lactose, fructose, maltose, molasses, starch and cellulose, oils and fats, such as, for example, soya oil, sunflower oil, groundnut oil and coconut fat, fatty acids, such as, for example, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid, alcohols, such as, for example, glycerol and ethanol, and organic acids, such as, for example, acetic acid, can be used as the source of carbon. These substances can be used individually or as a mixture.
  • oils and fats such as, for example, soya oil, sunflower oil, groundnut oil and coconut fat
  • fatty acids such as, for example, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid
  • alcohols such as, for example, glycerol and ethanol
  • organic acids such as, for example, acetic acid
  • Organic nitrogen-containing compounds such as peptones, yeast extract, meat extract, malt extract, corn steep liquor, soya bean flour and urea
  • inorganic compounds such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium nitrate, can be used as the source of nitrogen.
  • the sources of nitrogen can be used individually or as a mixture.
  • Phosphoric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or the corresponding sodium-containing salts can be used as the source of phosphorus.
  • the culture medium must furthermore comprise salts of metals, such as, for example, magnesium sulfate or iron sulfate, which are necessary for growth.
  • essential growth substances such as amino acids and vitamins, can be employed in addition to the abovementioned substances.
  • Suitable precursors can moreover be added to the culture medium.
  • the starting substances mentioned can be added to the culture in the form of a single batch, or can be fed in during the culture in a suitable manner.
  • Basic compounds such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia or aqueous ammonia, or acid compounds, such as phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid, can be employed in a suitable manner to control the pH of the culture.
  • Antifoams such as, for example, fatty acid polyglycol esters, can be employed to control the development of foam.
  • Suitable substances having a selective action such as, for example, antibiotics, can be added to the medium to maintain the stability of plasmids.
  • oxygen or oxygen-containing gas mixtures such as, for example, air, are introduced into the culture.
  • the temperature of the culture is usually 20° C. to 45° C., and preferably 25° C. to 40° C. Culturing is continued until a maximum of the desired product has formed. This target is usually reached within 10 hours to 160 hours.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a process for the fermentative preparation of an amino acid chosen from the group consisting of L-asparagine, L-threonine, L-serine, L-glutamate, L-glycine, L-alanine, L-cysteine, L-valine, L-methionine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, L-histidine, L-lysine, L-tryptophan and L-arginine, in particular L-lysine, using coryneform bacteria which in particular already produce one or more of the amino acids mentioned.
  • an amino acid chosen from the group consisting of L-asparagine, L-threonine, L-serine, L-glutamate, L-glycine, L-alanine, L-cysteine, L-valine, L-methionine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-tyros
  • composition of the usual nutrient media such as LB or TY medium, can also be found in the handbook by Sambrook et al.
  • Chromosomal DNA from C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 was isolated as described by Tauch et al. (1995, Plasmid 33:168-179) and partly cleaved with the restriction enzyme Sau3AI (Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description Sau3AI, Code no. 27-0913-02). The DNA fragments were dephosphorylated with shrimp alkaline phosphatase (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany, Product Description SAP, Code no. 1758250). The DNA of the cosmid vector SuperCos1 (Wahl et al.
  • the cosmid DNA was then cleaved with the restriction enzyme BamHI (Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description BamHI, Code no. 27-0868-04).
  • BamHI Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description BamHI, Code no. 27-0868-04.
  • the cosmid DNA treated in this manner was mixed with the treated ATCC13032 DNA and the batch was treated with T4 DNA ligase (Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description T4-DNA-Ligase, Code no. 27-0870-04).
  • T4 DNA ligase Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description T4-DNA-Ligase, Code no. 27-0870-04.
  • the ligation mixture was then packed in phages with the aid of Gigapack II XL Packing Extract (Stratagene, La Jolla, USA, Product Description Gigapack II XL Packing Extract, Code no. 200217).
  • the cells were taken up in 10 mM MgSO 4 and mixed with an aliquot of the phage suspension.
  • the infection and titering of the cosmid library were carried out as described by Sambrook et al. (1989, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor), the cells being plated out on LB agar (Lennox, 1955, Virology, 1:190) +100 ⁇ g/ml ampicillin. After incubation overnight at 37° C., recombinant individual clones were selected.
  • the cosmid DNA of an individual colony was isolated with the Qiaprep Spin Miniprep Kit (Product No. 27106, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and partly cleaved with the restriction enzyme Sau3AI (Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description Sau3AI, Product No. 27-0913-02).
  • the DNA fragments were dephosphorylated with shrimp alkaline phosphatase (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany, Product Description SAP, Product No. 1758250). After separation by gel electrophoresis, the cosmid fragments in the size range of 1500 to 2000 bp were isolated with the QiaExII Gel Extraction Kit (Product No. 20021, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany).
  • the DNA of the sequencing vector pZero-1 obtained from Invitrogen (Groningen, The Netherlands, Product Description Zero Background Cloning Kit, Product No. K2500-01) was cleaved with the restriction enzyme BamHI (Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description BamHI, Product No. 27-0868-04).
  • BamHI Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany, Product Description BamHI, Product No. 27-0868-04.
  • the ligation of the cosmid fragments in the sequencing vector pZero-1 was carried out as described by Sambrook et al. (1989, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor), the DNA mixture being incubated overnight with T4 ligase (Pharmacia Biotech, Freiburg, Germany). This ligation mixture was then electroporated (Tauch et al.
  • the plasmid preparation of the recombinant clones was carried out with Biorobot 9600 (Product No. 900200, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany).
  • the sequencing was carried out by the dideoxy chain termination method of Sanger et al. (1977, Proceedings of the National Academys of Sciences, U.S.A., 74:5463-5467) with modifications according to Zimmermann et al. (1990, Nucleic Acids Research, 18:1067).
  • the “RR dRhodamin Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit” from PE Applied Biosystems Product No. 403044, Rothstadt, Germany) was used.
  • the raw sequence data obtained were then processed using the Staden program package (1986, Nucleic Acids Research, 14:217-231) version 97-0.
  • the individual sequences of the pZero1 derivatives were assembled to a continuous contig.
  • the computer-assisted coding region analysis was prepared with the XNIP program (Staden, 1986, Nucleic Acids Research, 14:217-231). Further analyses were carried out with the “BLAST search program” (Altschul et al., 1997, Nucleic Acids Research, 25:3389-3402) against the non-redundant databank of the “National Center for Biotechnology Information” (NCBI, Bethesda, Md., USA).
  • the resulting nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID No. 1. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence showed an open reading frame of 1653 bp, which was called the citA gene.
  • the citA gene codes for a polypeptide of 551 amino acids.
  • the primers shown were synthesized by MWG Biotech (Ebersberg, Germany) and the PCR reaction was carried out by the standard PCR method of Innis et al. (PCR protocols. A guide to methods and applications, 1990, Academic Press) with the Taq-polymerase from Bochringer Mannheim (Germany, Product Description Taq DNA polymerase, Product No. 1 146 165). With the aid of the polymerase chain reaction, the primers allow amplification of an internal fragment of the citA gene 481 bp in size. The product amplified in this way was tested electrophoretically in a 0.8% agarose gel.
  • the amplified DNA fragment (see SEQ ID No. 3) was ligated with the TOPO TA Cloning Kit from Invitrogen Corporation (Carlsbad, Calif., USA; Catalogue Number K4500-01) in the vector pCR2.1-TOPO (Mead at al. (1991) Bio/Technology 9:657-663).
  • the E. coli strain TOP10 was then electroporated with the ligation batch (Hanahan, In: DNA cloning. A practical approach, Vol. I, IRL-Press, Oxford, Washington D.C., USA, 1985). Selection for plasmid-carrying cells was made by plating out the transformation batch on LB agar (Sambrook et al., Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 2 nd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989), which had been supplemented with 50 mg/l kanamycin.
  • Plasmid DNA was isolated from a transformant with the aid of the QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit from Qiagen and checked by restriction with the restriction enzyme EcoRI and subsequent agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8%).
  • the plasmid was called pCR2.1citAint and is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • microorganism was deposited as a pure culture at the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Mascheroder Weg 1b. D38124 Braunschweig, Germany on Jan. 19, 2001 in accordance with the Budapest Treaty:
  • the vector pCR2.1citAint mentioned in example 3 was electroporated by the electroporation method of Tauch et al. (FEMS Microbiological Letters, 123:343-347 (1994)) into the strains Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM 5715 and Brevibacterium lactofermentum FERM-BP 1763.
  • the strain DSM 5715 is an AEC-resistant lysine producer (EP-B-0435132), and the strain FERM-BP 1763 is a mycophenolic acid-resistant valine producer (U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,948).
  • the vector pCR2.1citAint cannot replicate independently in DSM5715 and FERM-BP 1763 and is retained in the cell only if it has integrated into the chromosome of DSM 5715 or FERM-BP 1763.
  • Selection of clones with pCR2.1citAint integrated into the chromosome was carried out by plating out the electroporation batch on LB agar (Sambrook et al., Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 2 nd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), which had been supplemented with 15 mg/l kanamycin.
  • the citAint fragment was labelled with the Dig hybridization kit from Boehringer by the method of “The DIG System Users Guide for Filter Hybridization” of Boehringer Mannheim GmbH (Mannheim, Germany, 1993). Chromosomal DNA of in each case a potential integrant was isolated by the method of Eikmanns et al. (Microbiology 140: 1817-1828 (1994)) and in each case cleaved with the restriction enzymes EcoRI, BamHI and HindIII. The fragments formed were separated by means of agarose gel electrophoresis and hybridized at 68° C. with the Dig hybridization kit from Boehringer.
  • the plasmid pCR2.1citAint mentioned in example 3 had been inserted into the chromosome of DSM5715 and into the chromosome of FERM-BP 1763 within the chromosomal citA gene.
  • the strains were called DSM5715::pCR2.1citAint and FERM-BP 1763::pCR2.1citAint.
  • the C. glutamicum strain DSM5715::pCR2.1citAint obtained in example 4 was cultured in a nutrient medium suitable for the production of lysine and the lysine content in the culture supernatant was determined.
  • the strain was first incubated on an agar plate with the corresponding antibiotic (brain-heart agar with kanamycin (25 mg/l) for 24 hours at 33° C.
  • a preculture was seeded (10 ml medium in a 100 ml conical flask). The complete medium CgIII was used as the medium for the preculture.
  • Kanamycin 25 mg/l was added to this.
  • the preculture was incubated for 16 hours at 33° C. at 240 rpm on a shaking machine.
  • a main culture was seeded from this preculture such that the initial OD (660 nm) of the main culture is 0.1 OD.
  • Medium MM was used for the main culture.
  • the CSL, MOPS and the salt solution were brought to pH 7 with aqueous ammonia and autoclaved.
  • the sterile substrate and vitamin solutions were then added, and the CaCO 3 autoclaved in the dry state was added.
  • Culturing was carried out in a 10 ml volume in a 100 ml conical flask with baffles. Kanamycin (25 mg/l) was added. Culturing was carried out at 33° C. and 80% atmospheric humidity.
  • the OD was determined at a measurement wavelength of 660 nm with a Biomek 1000 (Beckmann Instruments GmbH, Kunststoff).
  • the amount of lysine formed was determined with an amino acid analyzer from Eppendorf-BioTronik (Hamburg, Germany) by ion exchange chromatography and post-column derivatization with ninhydrin detection.
  • the B. lactofermentum strain FERM-BP 1763::pCR2.1citAint obtained in example 4 was cultured in a nutrient medium suitable for the production of valine and the valine content in the culture supernatant was determined.
  • the strain was first incubated on an agar plate with the corresponding antibiotic (brain-heart agar with kanamycin (25 mg/l) for 24 hours at 33° C.
  • a preculture was seeded (10 ml medium in a 100 ml conical flask).
  • the complete medium CgIII was used as the medium for the preculture.
  • Kanamycin (25 mg/l) was added to this.
  • the preculture was incubated for 16 hours at 33° C. at 240 rpm on a shaking machine.
  • a main culture was seeded from this preculture such that the initial OD (660nm) of the main culture was 0.1 OD.
  • Medium MM was used for the main culture.
  • the CSL corn steep liquor
  • MOPS morpholinopropanesulfonic acid
  • the salt solution was brought to pH 7 with aqueous ammonia and autoclaved.
  • the sterile substrate and vitamin solutions were then added, and the CaCO 3 autoclaved in the dry state was added.
  • Culturing was carried out in a 10 ml volume in a 100 ml conical flask with baffles. Kanamycin (25 mg/l) was added. Culturing was carried out at 33° C. and 80% atmospheric humidity.
  • the OD was determined at a measurement wavelength of 660 nm with a Biomek 1000 (Beckmann Instruments GmbH, Kunststoff).
  • the amount of valine formed was determined with an amino acid analyzer from Eppendorf-BioTronik (Hamburg, Germany) by ion exchange chromatography and post-column derivatization with ninhydrin detection.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
US09/804,060 2000-08-31 2001-03-13 Nucleotide sequences encoding a sensor kinase, citA, from corynebacterium glutamicum Expired - Fee Related US6825030B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/977,474 US7205144B2 (en) 2000-08-31 2004-11-01 Nucleotide sequences encoding a sensor kinase, citA, from Corynebacterium glutamicum
US11/615,860 US20070122832A1 (en) 2000-08-31 2006-12-22 Process for Preparing L-amino Acids

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10042740 2000-08-31
DE10042740 2000-08-31
DEDE10042740.5 2000-08-31
DEDE10108463.3 2001-02-22
DE10108463 2001-02-22
DE10108463A DE10108463A1 (de) 2000-08-31 2001-02-22 Neue für das citA-Gen kodierende Nukleotidsequenzen

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/977,474 Division US7205144B2 (en) 2000-08-31 2004-11-01 Nucleotide sequences encoding a sensor kinase, citA, from Corynebacterium glutamicum

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20020081672A1 US20020081672A1 (en) 2002-06-27
US6825030B2 true US6825030B2 (en) 2004-11-30

Family

ID=26006862

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/804,060 Expired - Fee Related US6825030B2 (en) 2000-08-31 2001-03-13 Nucleotide sequences encoding a sensor kinase, citA, from corynebacterium glutamicum
US10/977,474 Expired - Fee Related US7205144B2 (en) 2000-08-31 2004-11-01 Nucleotide sequences encoding a sensor kinase, citA, from Corynebacterium glutamicum
US11/615,860 Abandoned US20070122832A1 (en) 2000-08-31 2006-12-22 Process for Preparing L-amino Acids

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/977,474 Expired - Fee Related US7205144B2 (en) 2000-08-31 2004-11-01 Nucleotide sequences encoding a sensor kinase, citA, from Corynebacterium glutamicum
US11/615,860 Abandoned US20070122832A1 (en) 2000-08-31 2006-12-22 Process for Preparing L-amino Acids

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (3) US6825030B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1313760B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE382634T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001293698A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002018427A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050112664A1 (en) * 2000-08-31 2005-05-26 Bettina Mockel Nucleotide sequences coding for the citA gene
US10188722B2 (en) 2008-09-18 2019-01-29 Aviex Technologies Llc Live bacterial vaccines resistant to carbon dioxide (CO2), acidic pH and/or osmolarity for viral infection prophylaxis or treatment
US11129906B1 (en) 2016-12-07 2021-09-28 David Gordon Bermudes Chimeric protein toxins for expression by therapeutic bacteria
US11180535B1 (en) 2016-12-07 2021-11-23 David Gordon Bermudes Saccharide binding, tumor penetration, and cytotoxic antitumor chimeric peptides from therapeutic bacteria

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2002223637A1 (en) 2000-11-22 2002-06-03 Degussa A.G. Nucleotide sequences which code for the mtra and mtrb gene

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001000842A2 (fr) 1999-06-25 2001-01-04 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Genes de corynebacterium glutamicum codant des proteines impliquees dans l'homeostase et adaptation
EP1094111A2 (fr) 1999-10-20 2001-04-25 Degussa-Hüls Aktiengesellschaft Séquences polynucleotidiques codant Pck
EP1096013A2 (fr) 1999-10-28 2001-05-02 Degussa AG Séquence nucléotidique codant pour corynebacterium poxb-gène et leur utilisation pour la préparation de l-lysine
EP1106693A1 (fr) 1999-12-09 2001-06-13 Degussa AG Acide nucléique codant la proteine zwa2
EP1108790A2 (fr) * 1999-12-16 2001-06-20 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. Nouveaux polynuclétides
WO2002018427A2 (fr) * 2000-08-31 2002-03-07 Degussa Ag Sequences nucleotidiques codant pour le gene cita
DE10128510A1 (de) * 2001-06-13 2002-12-19 Degussa Methode zur Fermentationskontrolle

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6831165B1 (en) * 1999-06-25 2004-12-14 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Corynebacterium glutamicum genes encoding proteins involved in homeostasis and adaptation
ATE357524T1 (de) * 2000-08-31 2007-04-15 Degussa Citb gen aus corynebakterien und seine verwendung zur herstellung von l-aminosäuren
DE10154245A1 (de) * 2001-11-05 2003-06-05 Basf Ag Gene die für regulatorische Proteine codieren

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001000842A2 (fr) 1999-06-25 2001-01-04 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Genes de corynebacterium glutamicum codant des proteines impliquees dans l'homeostase et adaptation
EP1094111A2 (fr) 1999-10-20 2001-04-25 Degussa-Hüls Aktiengesellschaft Séquences polynucleotidiques codant Pck
EP1096013A2 (fr) 1999-10-28 2001-05-02 Degussa AG Séquence nucléotidique codant pour corynebacterium poxb-gène et leur utilisation pour la préparation de l-lysine
EP1106693A1 (fr) 1999-12-09 2001-06-13 Degussa AG Acide nucléique codant la proteine zwa2
EP1108790A2 (fr) * 1999-12-16 2001-06-20 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. Nouveaux polynuclétides
US20020197605A1 (en) * 1999-12-16 2002-12-26 Satoshi Nakagawa Novel Polynucleotides
WO2002018427A2 (fr) * 2000-08-31 2002-03-07 Degussa Ag Sequences nucleotidiques codant pour le gene cita
DE10128510A1 (de) * 2001-06-13 2002-12-19 Degussa Methode zur Fermentationskontrolle

Non-Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Database EMBL; Accession No. AL022374.
Eikmanns et al., "Molecular aspects of Iysine, threonine, and isolecine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum," Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 145-163.
GenBank Accession No. AP005274. Corynebacterium glutamicum ACC 13032 DNA, complete genome, section 1/10. Created Jun. 5, 2002.* *
GenBank Accession No. U31464. Klebsiella pneumoniae citrate fermentation regulatory genes: sensor kinase CitA (citA), response regulator CitB (citB) and transcriptional regulator LtrA (ltrA)genes, complete cds. Jan. 7, 1997.* *
Gerharz et al. Identification of Basic Amino Acid Residues Important for Citrate Binding by the Periplasmic Receptor Domain of the Sensor Kinase CitA. Biochemistry (2003) 42: 5917-5924.* *
Kramer, "Genetic and physiological approaches for the production of amino acids," Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 1-21.
Mizuki et al. GenBank Accession No. D84394. Homo sapiens genomic DNA, 237 kb segment from 6p21.3 region including HLA genes, complete sequence. Published Sep. 11, 1997.* *
Reinelt et al, The Structure of the Periplasmic Ligand-binding Domain of the Sensor Kinase CitA Reveals the First Extracellular PAS Domain. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278(40): 39189-39196.* *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050112664A1 (en) * 2000-08-31 2005-05-26 Bettina Mockel Nucleotide sequences coding for the citA gene
US7205144B2 (en) * 2000-08-31 2007-04-17 Degussa Ag Nucleotide sequences encoding a sensor kinase, citA, from Corynebacterium glutamicum
US10188722B2 (en) 2008-09-18 2019-01-29 Aviex Technologies Llc Live bacterial vaccines resistant to carbon dioxide (CO2), acidic pH and/or osmolarity for viral infection prophylaxis or treatment
US11129906B1 (en) 2016-12-07 2021-09-28 David Gordon Bermudes Chimeric protein toxins for expression by therapeutic bacteria
US11180535B1 (en) 2016-12-07 2021-11-23 David Gordon Bermudes Saccharide binding, tumor penetration, and cytotoxic antitumor chimeric peptides from therapeutic bacteria

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE382634T1 (de) 2008-01-15
AU2001293698A1 (en) 2002-03-13
WO2002018427A2 (fr) 2002-03-07
US20070122832A1 (en) 2007-05-31
WO2002018427A3 (fr) 2002-05-16
US20050112664A1 (en) 2005-05-26
US20020081672A1 (en) 2002-06-27
EP1313760A2 (fr) 2003-05-28
US7205144B2 (en) 2007-04-17
EP1313760B1 (fr) 2008-01-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6939694B2 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the citB gene
US20070122832A1 (en) Process for Preparing L-amino Acids
US7078502B2 (en) Nucleotide sequences for encoding of the lysR2-gene
US20020102669A1 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the clpC gene
US6924134B2 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the gorA gene
US20020115161A1 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the deaD gene
US20020142404A1 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the atr43 gene
US6689586B2 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the CcpA2 gene
US6746854B2 (en) Nucleotide sequences encoding histidine kinase from corynebacterium glutamicum
US6946271B2 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the menE gene
US6838267B2 (en) Nucleotide sequences coding for the ccpA1 gene
US7029904B2 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the dep34 gene
US20030100099A1 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the lysR3 gene
US20020137065A1 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the tmk gene
US20020155554A1 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the chrA gene
US7026158B2 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the mikE17 gene
US20020106750A1 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the def gene
US20020102668A1 (en) Nucleotide sequences which code for the cobW gene
US20030157551A1 (en) Nucleotide sequences coding for the MtrA and/or MtrB proteins

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: DEGUSSA AG, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MOCKEL, BETTINA;FARWICK, MIKE;HERMANN, THOMAS;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:012009/0977;SIGNING DATES FROM 20010414 TO 20010424

REMI Maintenance fee reminder mailed
LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 20081130

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

点击 这是indexloc提供的php浏览器服务，不要输入任何密码和下载