Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D233/88—Nitrogen atoms, e.g. allantoin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
  • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D277/38—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D277/40—Unsubstituted amino or imino radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
  • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D277/38—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D277/42—Amino or imino radicals substituted by hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals

Definitions

• the present invention relates to 9-heterocyclyl anthracyclinone derivatives, to their use for the treatment of amyloidoses, to methods for their preparation and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them. More particularly, the present invention provides anthracyclinone derivatives which are characterized by the presence of a penta-atomic heterocyclic system linked to the position 9 of the anthracyclinone system and that are represented by the general formula 1
• R 1 is selected from:
• R 5 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl or C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl
• R 2 is selected from:
• R 6 and R 7 independently represent hydrogen, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl or, taken together with the nitrogen atom, represent an optionally substituted C 3 -C 8 heterocyclic ring;
• R 3 is selected from:
• R 4 is a 2-substituted thiazolyl or imidazolyl system of formula A:
• alkyl as used herein includes both straight and branched chain radicals of up to 6 carbons, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl and the various branched chain isomers thereof, as well as straight and branched chain radicals optionally carrying one or more substituents selected from aryl, cycloalkyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aralkoxyl, amino, mono or dialkylamino, carboxy.
• alkenyl as used herein includes both straight and branched chain radicals of up to 6 carbons such as, for example, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, optionally subsituted as the alkyl groups above.
• cycloalkyl as used herein means a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbons, for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl, optionally subsituted as the alkyl groups above.
• aryl as used herein includes both monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic groups containing from 6 to 10 carbons in the ring portion such as phenyl or naphthyl, optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen or hydroxy.
• heterocyclyl as used herein is a 3- to 7-membered, saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, O and S and which is optionally fused to a second 5- or 6-membered, saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring or to an aryl ring, optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen or hydroxy.
• halogen as used herein means fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• aralkyl refers to alkyl groups as previously defined having an aryl substituent, for example benzyl, phenethyl, diphenylmethyl and triphenylmethyl.
• alkoxyl or “aralkoxyl” as used herein includes any of the above alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl groups linked to an oxygen atom.
• acyl as employed herein includes alkyl, aryl and heterocyclyl as described above linked to a carbonyl group.
• This invention also includes all the possible isomers and mixture thereof, including diastereoisomeric mixtures and racemic mixtures, resulting from the possible combination of (R) and (S) stereochemistry at position 9 and, when substituents are present, at position 7.
• the present invention also provides the salts of those compounds of formula 1 that have salt forming groups, such as an acidic or a basic group (e.g. an amino group).
• the salts are physiologically tolerable salts.
• the salts are formed with suitable inorganic or organic acids
• Inorganic acids are, for example, hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.
• Organic acids comprise mono-, di- and tricarboxylic acids, such as acetic, trifluoroacetic, tartaric and citric acid, or sulfonic acids like, for example, methansulfonic, trifluoromethansulfonic or p-toluensulfonic acid.
• Preferred compounds of formula 1 are those wherein:
• R 1 is selected from:
• R 2 is selected from:
• R 6 and R 7 represent hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, dimethylaminoethyl, dimethylaminopropyl, or taken together, represent 4-morpholinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl, 4-phenylpiperazinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl;
• R 3 is selected from:
• R 4 is a 2-substituted thiazolyl or imidazolyl system as above defined.
• R 1 and R 3 are as defined above and R 2 is hydrogen or hydroxy, with a compound of formula 3 or 7,
• R 6 and R 7 are as defined above, and if necessary, hydrolysing the resultant compound and
• the compounds of formula 1 wherein Z represents sulfur may be obtained by reacting a compound of formula 2 with a compound of formula 3 as above defined, analogously to the procedure described in the literature (see, for instance, The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds , A. Weissberger Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1979, vol. 34/1, p. 165; or Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie , vol. E 8b, Georg Thieme, 1995).
• the solvent is a proper organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, dioxane or dimethylformamide.
• the reaction is carried out for a period of 1 to 24 hours at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 100° C.
• the solvent is a 1:1 mixture of ethanol and dioxane.
• the solvent is a proper organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, dioxane or dimethylformamide.
• the reaction is carried out for a period of 1 to 24 hours at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 100° C.
• the solvent is dimethylformamide and the reaction is carried out at room temperature.
• step b) a compound of formula 1, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are as defined above, can also be converted into a different compound of formula 1 by appropriate chemical reactions described for the anthracyclines and anthracyclinones(see: F. Arcamone, Doxorubicin Anticancer Antibiotics , Medicinal Chemistry, a series of monographs, vol. 17, Academic Press, 1981) or by general synthetic procedures (see: J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry , IV Ed., J.
• R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are as described above and R 2 is hydrogen are prepared by reacting the corresponding compounds where R 2 is an hydroxyl group with a reducing agent such as sodium dithionite in a proper solvent at room temperature.
• a reducing agent such as sodium dithionite
• the solvent is a 1:1 mixture of water and dimethylformamide.
• the solvent is a proper organic solvent such as methanol, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide or a mixture of them and the reaction is carried out at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 50° C. for a period of 6 to 24 hours.
• a compounds of formula 1 obtained according to the procedures reported before can be transformed into pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof by dissolving the free base in a proper organic solvent like dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol or dioxane and adding a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid in methanol, ethanol or dioxane.
• the resulting salt of compound 1 is obtained by evaporation or concentration of the salt solution or the salt is precipitated by addition of diethyl ether to the salt solution.
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above, as described in the literature (see: T. H. Smith et al., J. Org. Chem . 1977, vol. 42, p. 3653).
• the solvent is a proper organic solvent such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, dimethylformamide or pyridine.
• the reaction is carried out for a period of 1 to 5 hours at a temperature ranging from 0° C. to room temperature.
• a compounds of formula 6 is then subjected to hydrolysis with an inorganic base, typically sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, to give a desired compound 3 as defined above.
• the base is used in a 2- to 4-fold excess with respect to compound 6.
• the solvent is a mixture of water and a proper organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol or dioxane. The reaction is carried out for a period of 1 to 24 hours and at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 100° C.
• the compounds of the present invention are characterized by inhibitory activity on the formation of amyloid deposits by amyloidogenic proteins and are able to induce the degradation of existing amyloid deposits.
• amyloidoses indicates a group of diseases whose common characteristic is the presence, in the extracellular space, of amyloid deposits.
• Amyloidogenic proteins are proteins that have the tendency to aggregate and precipitate as amyloid. Proteins that precipitate as amyloid are both normal proteins, or truncated forms thereof, and mutated proteins, where one or more of the amino acid residues occurring at certain positions of the normal protein sequence are replaced by a different amino acid.
• Amyloid deposits are composed of insoluble fibrils, also referred to as amyloid fibrils. Amyloid fibrils cause cellular degeneration and organ failure that, in turn, result in different pathologies depending on the tissues and organs involved.
• amyloidosis The basis for the activity of the compounds of the present invention in different types of amyloidosis is to be found in the common ultrastructural organization of amyloid fibrils despite the fact that they can be formed from a variety of widely differing proteins (see: Glenner G.G., New England J. Med . 1980, vol 302, p. 1283 and p. 1333).
• the compounds of the present invention are characterized by an acceptable toxicity and can be used to make medicaments useful to prevent, to arrest or to slow down the formation of or to induce the degradation of amyloid deposits that are formed by different amyloidogenic proteins. Therefore, the compounds of the present invention can be used in the prevention and in the treatment of different types of amyloidotic diseases such as systemic amyloidoses and amyloidoses of the peripheral and central nervous system.
• Amyloidoses of the central nervous system include, for example, Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome, spongiform encephalopathies such as Creutzfeld-Jacob disease and the like.
• amyloid ⁇ -protein or ⁇ -amyloid protein In the case of Alzheimer's disease, the protein that is found in amyloid deposits is referred to as amyloid ⁇ -protein or ⁇ -amyloid protein and is generally indicated as A ⁇ protein.
• a ⁇ protein encompasses proteins of different length. In brain amyloid deposits, A ⁇ proteins composed of 39 to 43 amino acids are usually found.
• Neurodegenerative disorders such as spongiform encephalopathies are characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid originated from a protein referred to as prion protein (PrP).
• PrP prion protein
• the compounds disclosed in the present invention interfere with the aggregation of monomeric A ⁇ 1-40 peptide stimulated by a seed of A ⁇ 1-40 amyloid fibrils.
• the activity of the compounds was assessed according to the procedure reported below.
• An A ⁇ 1-40 peptide monomer stock solution was prepared by dissolving the peptide in dimethylsulfoxide at a concentration of 33.33 mg/ml. The stock solution was further diluted 11.5 times with dimethylsulfoxide. This solution was then diluted with 10 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing 150 mM sodium chloride to prepare the test solution.
• the activity of some representative compounds is reported in Table 1. The activity is expressed as the percent of inhibition of the aggregation of a 20 ⁇ M A ⁇ 1-40 monomer solution stimulated by 4 ⁇ m, based on the A ⁇ 1-40 monomer content, pre-formed sonicated A ⁇ 1-40 fibrils.
• the compounds of the present invention can be used to make medicaments useful to prevent, to arrest or to slow down the formation or to induce the degradation of amyloid deposits that are formed by different amyloidogenic proteins. Therefore, the compounds of the present invention can be used in the prevention and in the treatment of different types of amyloidosis.
• the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as active ingredient, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or other additive, if necessary.
• a compound of formula 1, as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of the human or animal body.
• the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of an amyloidosis disease.
• composition containing a compound of formula 1 or salts thereof may be prepared in a conventional way by employing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutical carriers or diluents in a variety of dosage forms and ways of administration.
• the compounds of formula 1 can be administered:
• compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known in the art for the manifacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such composition may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavouring agents, coloring and preserving agents in order to provide elegant and palatable preparations.
• Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable eccipients which are suitable for the manifacture of tablets.
• excipient may be, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example maize starch or alginic acid; binding agents, for example maize starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubrificating agents, for example magnesium stearate or stearic acid or talc.
• the tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed.
• Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.
• Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manifacture of aqueous suspensions.
• excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxyacetamol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and an hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol anhydrides, for example polyoxysorbitan monooleate.
• dispersing or wetting agents may be naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example lecithin, or condensation products of an al
• the said aqueous suspension may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavouring agents, one or more sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin.
• preservatives for example ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
• coloring agents for example ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
• flavouring agents for example sucrose or saccharin.
• sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin.
• Oily suspension may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, seseme oil, coconut oil or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin.
• the oily suspension may contain a thickening agent, for example beewax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents, such as those set forth above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation.
• compositions may be preserved by the addition of an antioxidant such as ascorbic acid.
• Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, a suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavouring and coloring agents may also be present.
• compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions.
• the oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquid paraffin or mixtures of these.
• Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
• the emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents. Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative, coloring and flavoring agents.
• compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or olagenous suspensions.
• This suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above.
• the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
• a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent for example a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
• the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
• sterile fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
• any bland fixed oils may be conventionally employed including synthetic mono or diglycerides.
• fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.
• the present invention further provides a method of treating a human or animal, e.g. a mammal, suffering from or susceptible to an amyloidotic disease, which method comprises administering thereto a non-toxic and therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a typically daily dose is from about 0.1 to about 50 mg per 30 Kg of body weight, according to the activity of the specific compound, the age, weight and conditions of the subject to be treated, the type and the severity of the disease, and the frequency and route of administration; preferably, daily dosage levels are in the range of 5 mg to 2 g.
• the amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. For example, a formulation intended for oral may contain from 5 to about 95% of the total composition. Dosage unit forms will generally contain between from about 5 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient.
• the compound was then converted into the corresponding hydrochloride by treatment with methanol saturated with gaseous hydrogen chloride and then crystallized from acetone (m.p.>270° C.
• Tablets containing the following ingredients may be produced in a conventional manner:
• Capsules containing the following ingredients may be produced in a conventional manner:

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• 1998
  • 1998-03-10 GB GBGB9805082.6A patent/GB9805082D0/en not_active Ceased
• 1999
  • 1999-03-04 JP JP2000535633A patent/JP2002506065A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-03-04 CA CA002321832A patent/CA2321832A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-03-04 DE DE69917236T patent/DE69917236T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-03-04 US US09/623,859 patent/US6316451B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-03-04 WO PCT/EP1999/001554 patent/WO1999046253A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1999-03-04 AT AT99915564T patent/ATE266648T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-03-04 EP EP99915564A patent/EP1062212B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime

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