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US6372174B1 - Method and device for heating foils and arrangement for measuring foil temperatures - Google Patents

Method and device for heating foils and arrangement for measuring foil temperatures Download PDF

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Publication number
US6372174B1
US6372174B1 US09/319,734 US31973499A US6372174B1 US 6372174 B1 US6372174 B1 US 6372174B1 US 31973499 A US31973499 A US 31973499A US 6372174 B1 US6372174 B1 US 6372174B1
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United States
Prior art keywords
film
temperature
heating
edge
hot
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Expired - Lifetime
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US09/319,734
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English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen Breil
Torsten Tomaschko
Johannes Sänze
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Brueckner Maschinenbau GmbH and Co KG
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Brueckner Maschinenbau GmbH and Co KG
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Assigned to BRUCKNER MASCHINENBAU GMBH reassignment BRUCKNER MASCHINENBAU GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BREIL, JURGEN, SANZE, JOHANNES, TOMASCHKO, TORSTEN
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
    • B29C55/12—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
    • B29C55/16—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
    • B29C55/12—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
    • B29C55/16—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial simultaneously
    • B29C55/165—Apparatus therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/0022—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation of moving bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
    • B29C2037/90—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for film heating and to an associated measuring device for measuring the film temperature.
  • the invention thus refers to thermoplastic films which are preferably produced, for example, on the basis of polyester, polypropylene or polyamide, the preferred materials, namely polyester, polypropylene or, for example, polyamide, not having to be in pure form, but the films also being capable of being produced, using modifications of these materials and/or, moreover, using further admixtures and/or additives.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,785 describes a simultaneous stretching plant having a plurality of preheating and intermediate heating devices. These heating devices consist of hot-air heating devices or of infrared radiators. However, a combination of both may also be used for the heating and thermal control of the film.
  • the abovementioned heating devices can be provided at a plurality of locations in the stretching operation: they are in each case arranged transversely to the drawoff direction of the film web so as to cover the entire film width.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,071,601 discloses a method of producing a thermoplastic film.
  • the film is guided via a plurality of rollers slightly tapering conically, in order, via these, ultimately to produce a curved final film which is used, for example, as an intermediate film for multilayered glazing for motor vehicles.
  • the heating device required for the process of producing the plastic film consists of a plurality of heating zones of an infrared heating device which are arranged, offset relative to one another, transversely to the drawoff path of the plastic film, the heating zones generating increasingly higher temperatures from one edge region of the film to the opposite edge region. This is necessary in order to achieve the desired curved film web profile mentioned. In this case, however, due to the different material stretching, the thickness of the film web has different values, although this is of only minor importance in the specific use and specific service of the plastic film web for the production of motor vehicle glazing.
  • the object of the present invention is, therefore, to provide a method, as well as an apparatus for carrying out the method, and a suitable film temperature measuring device, which makes it possible to produce plastic film webs of improved quality in a stretching process.
  • edges which are thicker, as compared with the middle of the film must be thermally controlled separately before and during the stretching process, since, because of the greater thickness and the poorer heat transmission at the edge, the desired temperature cannot be achieved solely by blowing with standard nozzles.
  • Another reason for the necessary different thermal control of the film edge and of the middle region of the film web is that the stretching behavior is different in each case.
  • the film edge gripped by the tenterhooks is stretched essentially longitudinally, whereas the remaining film web material is stretched biaxially.
  • the film edge performs the essential function of the introduction and distribution of force. Since the rigidity of the edge can be influenced within wide ranges by means of the temperature, a defined setting and control of the edge strip temperature assumes appreciable importance.
  • the film edge has not been thermally controlled separately. Moreover, hitherto, there have also been no solutions for subjecting this edge to special heating in a controlled manner. At the same time, the partitioning off of the film edge by the transport system, that is, above all, the tenterhooks engaging on the film edge at discrete intervals, presents a particular problem, since directional heating of the film edge is thereby impaired even further.
  • WO 94/047 WO has disclosed an apparatus using injector nozzles to blow textile cloth webs transported on, spread out, said apparatus comprising a blowing or nozzle box facing the top side and the underside of the cloth web.
  • This textile drier is arranged transversely to the cross web.
  • nozzles may also be directed only onto the edge regions of the cloth web or be subjected only there to treatment gas.
  • this is a nongeneric prior art, since the subject of the present application relates to an apparatus for the thermal control of plastic film webs during simultaneous stretching processes, and, in this case, specific temperature distributions must be achieved in the plastic material cross section.
  • DE 25 42 507 A1 has disclosed an apparatus for the zonal regulation of the thickness of a stretchable thermoplastic film web.
  • this known apparatus separate film edge heating is not provided, but it is merely proposed to arrange above and, if appropriate, also below the film web parallelepipedic air wells which each have an inlet and an outlet for the hot air capable of being supplied, the throughflow quantity of the hot air supplied being variable in the individual wells by means of blind-like individually moveable slats.
  • This known apparatus does not allow any actual separate film edge heating, however, since hot air having one temperature level can be made available only uniformly for the thermal treatment of the entire plastic film web. The temperature cannot be regulated zonally, only the hot air quantity.
  • heating is to take place solely by means of hot air, without the recognition that optimal film edge heating, and therefore temperature regulation for the film edge, can be achieved precisely by combined heat treatment by means of hot air and infrared irradiation.
  • the present invention affords numerous advantages.
  • the quality of the plastic film webs to be produced is markedly improved, as compared with conventional films produced.
  • the material edges of a plastic film web which are thicker as a consequence of production, can now be thermally controlled and heated directionally, in such a way that, in a simultaneous stretching process, this edge region of a plastic film web can also be optimally stretched.
  • an optimal stretching condition for the film in terms of the running stability of the latter, on the one hand, and of the introduction of force from the film edge to the film web to be stretched, on the other hand, it is necessary for the film edge and the rest of the film material to be heated to the same temperature, despite the different thickness.
  • infrared radiation for the heating and thermal control of the film edge is particularly suitable. This is because the film material can absorb the energy or output of the infrared irradiation over a substantially shorter distance, and therefore within a substantially shorter time, than hot air on account of the higher heat transmission. Particularly because short-wave rays (1.1. ⁇ m) are used, the radiation penetrates more deeply into the film edge material. At the same time, a high output can be generated in a small space and be introduced into the film. Preferably concentrated radiation results not only in a high output, but also in heating over an exact area.
  • the solution therefore lies in the simultaneous concentrated action of air at high velocity on the film edge.
  • the hot air is set to a specific desired temperature, in such a way that the process is controlled via this so that rapid heating, which is uniform over the film thickness, is achieved (equalization of the heat introduced as a result of the infrared radiation).
  • the additional air is helpful and is important in order to prevent the thinner regions of the edge profile from being overheated by the infrared radiator and destroyed.
  • the factor essential for the introduction of energy is due to the infrared radiator.
  • the absorption behavior is therefore dependent on the film thickness. This can be utilized particularly effectively in so-called bright radiators (radiator temperature above 2000° C.). This means, for the heating operation, that the thinner film material transmits more radiation than the comparatively thicker film edge, so that the thinner film material portions adjacent to the edge therefore cannot be overheated, which would lead to tears during stretching.
  • the adjustable lateral blowing nozzles preferably provided specially for film edge heating
  • process temperature a temperature set slightly lower for the hot air is preferably used in the edge region.
  • a reduction in the air temperature for the lateral blowing nozzles to, for example, 90° C. makes it possible for the temperature between the edge and the remaining film material to be set very accurately to an almost constant desired temperature level.
  • a measuring device for the appropriate setting of the desired temperature profile even in the film edge region is distinguished by the use of a pyrometer, the setting time of which is such that the interchange between tenterhooks moving past and film does not lead to a signal fluctuation. If, furthermore, measurement, determination or presetting of the temperature of the tenterhook is taken into account, the edge strip temperature can ultimately be ascertained comparatively accurately from these data and may then serve again as an initial control variable for activating the heating device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic top view of a simultaneous stretching plant
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectional illustration through a tentered web at a location adjacent to a film edge
  • FIG. 3 a shows a graph to make clear the temperature profile in the film edge
  • FIG. 3 b shows a diagrammatic cross section through a plastic film in the edge region
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagrammatic illustration for measuring the temperature in the film edge region
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagrammatic optical reproduction for determining the film temperature in the edge region
  • FIGS. 6.1 to 6 . 4 show various temperature profiles in the film, and in the film edge.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simultaneous stretching plant for producing plastic film webs, in which, as is known, a plastic web of comparatively small width, coming from an extruder not illustrated in any more detail, is gripped at its two edges by means of so-called tenterhooks, via an intermediate cooling drum arrangement likewise not illustrated, in the entry region of the simultaneous stretching plant.
  • tenterhooks, or tenterhook carriage 1 shown in FIG. 2 are moved on the two laterally rotating tracks 3 , for example by means of a linear motor drive.
  • the plastic web 9 is appropriately thermally controlled or heated, for example in a so-called infeed zone 4 , a subsequent preheating zone 5 , with the plastic film web width still remaining the same, and a subsequent simultaneous stretching zone 7 as well as a further subsequent restretching zone 8 , corresponding film edge heating devices being represented in FIG. 1 by the reference symbol 6 .
  • the so-called thermally controlled zone may also be followed by another restretching zone and a so-called relaxation and/or cooling zone, in which zones the plastic film width can be kept essentially constant or be set slightly narrower, as compared with the maximum plastic film web width at the end of the simultaneous stretching zone 7 .
  • the plastic film web 9 is then released by the opening of the tenterhooks and is conveyed further via various draw rollers.
  • FIG. 2 shows, for example, a diagrammatic cross section along the line II—II in FIG. 1, which illustrates diagrammatically that tenterhooks, or tenterhook carriages 1 , are driven, for example via a linear motor drive, on a rotary track 3 of rectangular cross section, the tenterhook carriages being capable of running, and being held, via a multiplicity of running rollers 11 on the opposite horizontal and vertical running surfaces 13 on the rails 3 .
  • the magnet coils 10 for the linear motor drive may, for example, be arranged in each case at a fixed location along the rail track 3 , plates with permanent magnets 12 being designed on the tenterhooks, and being separated from said rail track by a small clearance.
  • the film edge 9 ′ of the plastic film web 9 is clamped on the tenterhook table 15 in a known way, specifically by means of a pivotably held tenterhook lever 17 which is brought into the closing position and which is illustrated merely by dashed and dotted lines in FIG. 2 .
  • infrared radiators 21 are accommodated above the film edge 9 ′ in the cross-sectional illustration and, at the same time, also above the upper end of the pivotable tenterhook levers 17 themselves, in each case in the heating zones of the plastic film web.
  • the radiator source 23 is equipped on the side facing away from the film, that is to say overhead in the exemplary embodiment shown, with a reflector 25 which is of concave design, that is to say is shaped with a preferably parabola-like cross section, as a result of which concentration and focusing of the infrared rays in the direction of the film edge 9 ′ can be achieved.
  • the underside of the infrared radiator 21 thus formed may also be covered with a protective plate, for example a glass plate 27 .
  • a protective plate for example a glass plate 27 .
  • lenses 27 or diaphragms may also be used.
  • mirror reflectors may be arranged on the underside of the film edge.
  • a hot-air heating or thermal control device is also provided for heating the film edge 9 ′.
  • This device comprises a hot-air supply duct 31 which is laid above the respective rail 3 and merges into a vertical hot-air duct 33 and of which the slit nozzle 35 running parallel to the tenterhook rail track 3 in the heating region is likewise aligned with the film edge 9 ′.
  • FIG. 3 b reproduces diagrammatically, in an enlarged cross-sectional illustration, a different film thickness profile, above all in the edge region, which, according to FIGS. 3 a and 3 b , reaches about as far as F RB .
  • the distance A from the outermost film edge F R is reproduced on the X-axis.
  • FIG. 3 a reproduces the achievable temperature profile T, also in the film edge region, dots indicating which temperature profile T A would be achievable if only a hot-air heating device were used, and dashes illustrating which temperature profile TB would be achievable if only an infrared radiator were used.
  • the unbroken line T C reproduces the temperature profile actually capable of being set when both an infrared radiator and convection heating, using a hot-air heating device, are employed.
  • hot air to which the film edge is subjected, is set at a temperature slightly lower than the actual process temperature.
  • the process temperature of, for example, 93° C. is meant that temperature at which the plastic film web is to be set overall, particularly during the simultaneous stretching operation.
  • the temperature selected slightly lower for the action of hot air compensates for the infrared irradiation setting, per se, a temperature in the film edge region which is somewhat above the process temperature T P .
  • the temperature profile range in the film edge region can be set differently, depending on the desired conditions, for example in such a way that the desired temperature profile T C in the film edge region moves within the temperature band ⁇ T C1 or within the temperature range ⁇ T C2 . That is to say, the temperature range ⁇ T may be set to rise slightly toward the outermost film edge F R , for example to remain constant horizontally or even to fall slightly. Slight temperature fluctuations within the temperature bands ⁇ T drawn in FIG. 3 a are insignificant, since these fluctuations are only extremely small and do not have any adverse effects.
  • the temperature ratios which are set have been simulated and are illustrated with reference to FIGS. 6.1 to 6 . 4 .
  • the graph according to FIG. 6.1 reproduces the ratios when the film enters the heating zone. If the film has a starting temperature of approximately 80° C., for example before it reaches the heating device, the temperature rises in short time intervals of, for example 0.1 seconds. In other words, the temperature rises to a value of about 95° C. (the temperature values are indicated on the X-axis), this temperature value being set virtually over the entire thickness of the film.
  • FIG. 6.1 reproduces the film thickness in cross section, the film top side being illustrated at the top with 0.0 ⁇ m and the film underside at the bottom with 0.012 ⁇ m. This film thickness occurs next to the thickened edge region at the transition to the thin film cross section (for example, at the location F RB in FIG. 3 b )
  • FIG. 6.2 reproduces the temperature profile in the thickened film edge (here too, the film top side being illustrated at the top with 0.0 ⁇ m and the film underside at the bottom with 0.25 ⁇ m).
  • a slightly higher temperature is set, here, on the film top side, whereas the temperature is below 93° C. on the film underside.
  • the ratios according to FIGS. 6.1 and 6 . 2 occur when, in addition to infrared irradiation, air with a process temperature of, for example, 93° C. is blown onto the film edge.
  • the film edge is blown at a process temperature of, for example, 90° C.
  • the desired process temperature of 93° C. is set virtually constantly, over the entire film thickness, both on the thickened portion of the film edge (FIG. 6.4) and at the region of transition to the thinner film portion in the middle film region.
  • the wavelength of the infrared radiator may be selected accordingly within wide ranges.
  • the advantage of short-wave radiators with a wavelength of about 1.1 ⁇ m is that they allow energy to be introduced into deeper film edge layers, since air heats, above all, the surface of the film edge.
  • the edge regions can be irradiated and heated directionally with a predetermined energy cross section.
  • the infrared radiators may, furthermore, also be cooled by means of integrated water cooling, in order to generate and radiate a high output in a small space (an integrated cooling line in the infrared radiator is designated by 37 in the drawing).
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 by means of which a temperature measuring device is explained, in order, on the basis of the film edge temperature determined, to activate and operate directionally the film edge heating devices explained above.
  • Film edge temperature measurement and a film edge temperature measuring arrangement using at least two pyrometer arrangements 41 , 43 , are therefore proposed.
  • first pyrometer arrangement 41 By means of a first pyrometer arrangement 41 , only the tenterhook temperature is measured by means of a wide-band slow pyrometer (that is to say with a long response time), in such a way that at least one tenterhook 1 is continually detected. According to the diagrammatic illustration shown in FIG. 4, this can be ensured by orienting the detection direction 45 of the first pyrometer arrangement 41 with a tangential component to the film edge 9 ′ and, consequently, to the respective rail portion 3 , on which the tenterhooks 1 are moved along.
  • a mixed temperature is measured by means of a narrow-band pyrometer which is designed for the respective type of film and has a long response time and the setting time of which is such that the interchange between tenterhooks 1 moving past and the film 9 or film edge 9 ′ does not lead to signal fluctuation.
  • the second pyrometer arrangement 43 is oriented at right angles to the film edge 9 ′, that is to say, as a rule, essentially transversely or at right angles to the film web plane, the detection direction 47 being aligned with the film edge 9 ′ moved past in each case, and the tenterhooks 1 also being moved through here in the induction region.
  • a signal S C for the tenterhook temperature (measured by the first pyrometer arrangement 41 ) and a mixed signal S F+C for the mixed temperature consisting of the film temperature and of the tenterhook temperature are reproduced diagrammatically in FIG. 5 .
  • the actual film temperature S F can be determined continuously and contactlessly during production, as illustrated graphically in FIG. 5 (the film edge temperature always falling to the tenterhook temperature in the region of the tenterhook and rising rapidly to the actual film temperature S F again in between).
  • the signal magnitudes S determined are plotted against the time axis t and the formulas for the dependence of the film temperature T F are reproduced.
  • the actual film temperature or film edge temperature can be determined in the evaluation and control system, taking into account the current geometric ratios (tenterhook size, tenterhook interval a, tenterhook sequence b, etc.) and a correcting factor, and can be converted to the temperature of the edge strip.
  • a calibrating plate 51 illustrated in FIG. 4, having an automatic calibrating sequence can be heated, a measuring sensor 51 ′ being integrated in the plate and the measured temperature being monitored.
  • the calibrating plate 51 is located in the detector range 47 of the second pyrometer arrangement 43 .
  • the temperature measured by the pyrometer 43 is compared with the temperature measured by the measuring sensor 51 ′ assigned to the calibrating plate 51 , and a correcting factor correspondingly included later in the evaluation is determined.
  • the infrared radiators and/or the hot-air heating device can then be controlled.
  • the accuracy of the measurement may be increased by providing a defined background in the form of a black radiator which, during measurement, leads to a defined background with a constant temperature, that is to say defines the transmitted background radiation, and, on the other hand, can be utilized for calibrating the system during idling phases of the machine (black plates).
  • the combination of the directional influence exerted via radiation and hot air with the edge strip temperature measurement may be utilized as a closed control loop for an exact setting of the edge strip temperature.
  • the edge strip heating explained for simultaneous stretching plants can be installed, and used, on different sections of the plant, thus, for example, in the infeed zone 4 , in the preheating zone 5 , in the simultaneous stretching zone 7 , but also in the restretching zone 8 , as illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 1 by the reference symbol 6 .
  • the double heating explained takes place in an at least partially staggered manner in the longitudinal direction of the plant, so that the plant zone for infrared heating and the plant zone for hot-air action overlap only in portions, so that, in these overlapping portions, said infrared irradiation and hot-air action take place simultaneously and, in the portions which do not overlap, only infrared irradiation or only hot-air action takes place.
  • air refers to any suitable gas mixture which may be used for this purpose.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
US09/319,734 1996-12-11 1997-11-20 Method and device for heating foils and arrangement for measuring foil temperatures Expired - Lifetime US6372174B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19651515A DE19651515C1 (de) 1996-12-11 1996-12-11 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Folienaufheizung sowie Meßeinrichtung zur Messung der Folientemperatur
DE19651515 1996-12-11
PCT/EP1997/006499 WO1998025753A2 (fr) 1996-12-11 1997-11-20 Procede et dispositif pour chauffer des films et dispositif de mesure pour mesurer la temperature de films

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US6372174B1 true US6372174B1 (en) 2002-04-16

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US09/319,734 Expired - Lifetime US6372174B1 (en) 1996-12-11 1997-11-20 Method and device for heating foils and arrangement for measuring foil temperatures

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US (1) US6372174B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0944467B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4115536B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20000057434A (fr)
DE (2) DE19651515C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998025753A2 (fr)

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US20030205850A1 (en) * 2000-09-25 2003-11-06 Zwettler Christopher J. Manufacture of magnetic tape under heat treatment and tension
US20080157423A1 (en) * 2005-05-10 2008-07-03 Treofan Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and Device for the Transverse Drawing of a Material Web
CN100420567C (zh) * 2003-08-07 2008-09-24 佛山塑料集团股份有限公司 薄膜同步拉伸机的链条恒温系统
US20150048548A1 (en) * 2012-03-19 2015-02-19 Konica Minolta, Inc. Method, apparatus, and system for production of a stretched film

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JP4753449B2 (ja) * 1999-08-17 2011-08-24 日本合成化学工業株式会社 エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体ケン化物系二軸延伸フィルムおよびその製造法
US7037461B1 (en) * 1999-12-21 2006-05-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of stretching film
JP2003019748A (ja) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-21 Toray Ind Inc 熱可塑性樹脂フィルムの製造方法
AU2002365374A1 (en) 2001-11-28 2003-06-10 Angiogenetics Sweden Ab Regulation of hypoxia-inducible gene expression with antisense inhibitory pas domain protein
US7132065B2 (en) 2003-02-12 2006-11-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Process for manufacturing polymeric optical film
US7405784B2 (en) 2003-02-12 2008-07-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Compensators for liquid crystal displays with biaxially stretched single film with crystallization modifier
US6965474B2 (en) 2003-02-12 2005-11-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Polymeric optical film
DE102013011965A1 (de) * 2013-07-18 2015-01-22 Brückner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG Linearmotorgetriebene Transportanlage, insbesondere Reckanlage

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KR20000057434A (ko) 2000-09-15
WO1998025753A3 (fr) 1999-03-04
EP0944467A2 (fr) 1999-09-29
DE59709167D1 (de) 2003-02-20
EP0944467B1 (fr) 2003-01-15
DE19651515C1 (de) 1998-04-23
JP2001505832A (ja) 2001-05-08
WO1998025753A2 (fr) 1998-06-18
JP4115536B2 (ja) 2008-07-09

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