SU1681333A1 - Wooden wind instrument, particularly flute - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a set of woodwind musical instrument and allows you to expand the technical and performance capabilities through the presence of longitudinal and transverse cylindrical mouthpieces and a major knee with a cylindrical internal sound channel. 8 il.

Description

The invention relates to the manufacture of woodwind musical instruments of the labial method of extraction, in particular, longitudinal and transverse flutes and flutes of double-sided and not open type.

Famous flutes are known: longitudinal, transverse and bilaterally open type, occurring among many peoples of our country, as well as peoples of the world, for example in Egypt - seby, in Hungary - wagon, in Bulgaria - Kaval, in Russia - pipe, in Ukraine - sopilka, flora, in Belarus - pipe, in Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan - nay, in Bashkiria - kurai, in Bur tia - limba, sur. in Moldova - fluer and

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The aim of the invention is to expand the technical and performance capabilities by combining three types of instruments into one timbre-harmony universal.

1 With various combinations of two knees and three mouthpieces, six types of fret instruments are achieved; a tonal plan and three different timbre stains: a major longitudinal flute; major transverse flute; open type major flute; open minor flute; minor longitudinal flute; Minor transverse flute.

The fingering in all types of instruments is identical and depends on the required mode (major or minor), the order is chromatic, the range is more than two 1/2 octaves.

The need to change the knees from the main major to the knee with the minor is due to the inconveniences of the major scale when performing old works of Hungarian, Moldovan, Gypsy, Hutsul folk instrumental music and music of the peoples of the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Central Asia and other peoples.

In the instruments with the main minor fret there are a large number of over-the-operotonic pereduvnyh sounds that are included in the main fingering system, mainly creating technical and performing comforts (especially at fast tempos). for example

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Overtones pereduvnye sounds indicated by the shaded notes.

Fig. 1 shows the mouthpiece (a) by which sound is extracted with the timbre of the flute of a bilaterally open type; Fig. 2 shows a minor knee (b) with sound holes; FIG. 3 shows the mouthpiece (c) of a longitudinal flute; Fig. 4 shows a mouthpiece (d) of a transverse type flute with a tuning rod and a tubule with additional sound holes; Fig. 5 shows the major knee (e) with sound holes; figure 6 - tuning ring; Fig. 7 shows a tubule with additional sponge holes; Fig. 8 is a vertical section of a tuning ring and a tube with sponge holes.

A wooden wind instrument set, mainly a flute, consists of a mouthpiece 1 (a) with a cylindrical internal sound channel and an oval-conic cut 2 (in the upper playing section), joined with an internal bore 3, made in its lower end, into which tightly fitting (periodically sliding) connecting metal tubule 4 tightly fixed in a bore notch 5, with a minor bend 6, which has sound holes 7-14 (upper) and 15 and 16 (lower), outer metal rings 17 and 1 8 (for durability), sleeves 19 and 20 for removal of moisture, a longitudinal cylindrical mouthpiece 21 for replacing the mouthpiece 1 in order to achieve sound with the timbre of a longitudinal flute at the same knee 6 (with a minor key), a slit 23 (formed by a conical cut of the plug 22 and the wall of the mouthpiece 21J for blowing air, which falls on the sharp tooth 24, is cut in half and as a result of the part coming out of it through the whistle hole 25 a whistle is formed, a tuning ring 26 (with a vertical one-sided cut for radial rotation), a shoulder 27 for ring 2 6, the bores 28 for joining the knee 6 with the help of a tube 4, a metal ring 29 for reinforcing the outer part of the mouthpiece 21, a transverse cylindrical mouthpiece 30 with an insertable metal tube 31, in the middle of the outer part of which is usa;

the wife vibrating tube 32 (of smaller diameter) with whistling oval holes 33 and 34 with the possibility of radial rotation for alternating sponge holes. A tuning rod 35 is inserted into the upper part of the mouthpiece 30, the lower end of which is mounted with the screw 36 by a sleeve 37 which rotates freely on the axis of the sleeve. Pushing 0 in the direction of the whistle holes 33 and 34 of the tuning rod 35 as it rotates (on the thread ) in the connecting part 38, the correction is made in the quar-quint and octave ratios. In the bottom 5 of the mouthpiece 30, there is an inner bore 39, connected to the major knee 40 by means of a metal tube 41. also tightly fixed in the bore groove 42 of the major knee 40. 0 Major knee 40 has holes 43-52, outer metal rings 53 and 54 sleeves 55 and 56 for removal of moisture.

The outer diameters of the connecting tubes 4 and 41 of the minor and major columns are equal to the inner diameters of the channels of the mouthpieces 1, 21 and 30.

Before starting the game, on one of the flute types, pre-select the desired knee with a minor or major Lad, and one of the three mouthpieces is joined to 0 depending on the required timbre. For example, if you need a two-sided open-type flute, dock the mouthpiece (a) with the knee (o). The pre-setting is made by the 5-way sliding parts (mouthpiece and bend).

In the longitudinal flute, the tuning is also performed by the sliding method of the component parts and additionally with the help of the tuning ring with its radial rotation, the available slots of different configurations are available for adjusting the tone and changing the timbre. In a transverse-type flute, a pre-adjustment is made by turning the upper part of the tuning rod to the right or left, which at the same time shifts the side of the sieve hole, and vice versa. In addition, the tube with additional sponge holes for selection (necessary) whistling hole and fitting it to the ear cushion (lip) performer. In the combination of the docking of three mouthpieces and two knees, six kinds of flutes are formed (alternately).

Depending on the complexity of sound treatment, training on this flute is recommended according to the following sequence of docking combinations: c + e, c + b, a + e, d + b, d + e, a + b, where a is a double-sided flute mouthpiece (open); B- minor knee; with -mouthpiece flute; d - transverse flute mouthpiece; e - major knee.

This flute is used as follows.

Before the start of the game, various docking combinations of mouthpieces (a, c, d) with knees (b, c) are performed (depending on the desired timbre of the color). Then adjust the flute:

a) by longitudinal movement of the mouthpieces 1, 21 and 30 relative to the knees (b, e);

b) by longitudinal displacement

toward the whistle hole 33 of the adjusting rod 35;

c) by radial rotation of the tube with additional sponge holes and adjusting bend 26.

After adjusting the instrument settings, they proceed to the game. Depending on the selection of the mouthpiece with a specific timbre, a certain method of sound extraction is also used. For example, to extract sound in flutes with a mouthpiece of a two-sided open type (cut under the bevel), the upper end of the barrel contacts the jaws at a 45 ° angle. When air is blown, the edge of the trunk cuts the air column in half, resulting in sound. If there is a longitudinal mouthpiece in the flute, sound is extracted by blowing air through the slit 23 (formed by a conical cut

plugs 22 and the wall of the mouthpiece 21), subsequently falling on the sharp tooth of the 24th aperture and cutting in half. In flutes with a transverse mouthpiece, sound is extracted by applying a mouthpiece with a certain whistle hole to the lower lip at an angle of 90 ° and blowing air into the semi-compressed lips (imitating a slight smile).

With various docking combinations of mouthpieces (a, c, d) with playing knees (c, e), six kinds of timbre-mod instruments are formed: a minor flute of two-sided open type (a + b); minor longitudinal flute (c + b); minor transverse flute (d + b); major transverse flute (d + e); major longitudinal flute (c + e); The major flute is of a double-sided type (a + e).

Claims (1)

Claim set of wood wind musical instrument, mainly flute, containing a cylindrical mouthpiece of two-sided open execution, a minor knee with a cylindrical internal sound channel, sound holes and a connecting tube, which, in order to expand the technical capabilities of the instrument It has longitudinal and transverse cylindrical mouthpieces and a major knee with a cylindrical internal sound channel, sound holes and connects The outer diameter of the connecting tubes of the minor and major knees is equal to the inner diameters of the channels of the mouthpieces of the two-sided open version, longitudinal and transverse, to ensure their interconnection. FIG. five // 2 39 Fm.4 Fm.5 Fi.6 Fy Fm.8