RU2765995C1 - Line for preparation of seeds for sowing into soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building. Proposed line comprises in-series primary cleaning unit; main cleaning unit; calibration unit; pneumatic sorting unit; pickling unit with low-speed buckets providing non-traumatic transportation of seeds. Line also includes drum separators with non-traumatic wire screens, which represent a rectangular structure curved transversely in the shape of the drum, and consist of multiple transverse and longitudinal rods welded along the perimeter to the wire of the same cross-section and to each other at the points of intersection. Transverse rods function as a base, and longitudinal rods are welded to them from below so that transverse rods rise above longitudinal rods to provide for turning of seeds and direction of their movement along the drum. Bars are made from steel wire with diameter within 2 mm, distance between transverse bars is not more than 30 mm, and between longitudinal bars from 1.7 mm to 12 mm.EFFECT: line ensures reduction of injuring seeds with simultaneous improvement of cleaning quality.3 cl, 10 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to grain and seed cleaning lines, and can be used for post-harvest treatment of seeds and preparation of seeds for sowing into the soil, mainly cereals, legumes, cereals, corn, sunflower and other oilseeds.

State of the art

A known method of separating grain mixtures according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2191639 (Application: 2000130408; IPC A01F 12/44. Published: 10/27/2002) [1], including preliminary cleaning of a wet heap with the release of light, large and small weed impurities, separation into four fractions in an air screen machine with a perforated cylindrical working body, primary cleaning in an air screen machine with two camps with two tiers of sieves, separation of the oversize products of the lower tiers of sieves in parallel lines of series-connected trier blocks and secondary cleaning machines, final cleaning on vibration-pneumatic separators.

The disadvantage of this method is the duration of the technological process and, as a result, low productivity, high labor intensity and energy consumption, a high level of seed injury, a long time spent on complete and, most importantly, high-quality cleaning of equipment when switching from one crop (variety) to another. Injure the seeds of vibration present in multi-tiered air screen machines and trieres, and balls, brushes, scrapers and screws used in this equipment. To clean the equipment when switching from one crop (variety) to another, it is necessary to completely disassemble the equipment due to the presence of hard-to-reach places where seeds and debris accumulate.

A seed-cleaning line is known according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2609248 (application 2014149791; IPC A01F 12/44. Published: 01/31/2017) [2], including a fractional two-aspiration air-sieve machine with systems for pre-sieve cleaning of a pile of light impurities and after-sieve - for isolation of biologically defective grains. The line is equipped with sieves with a two-tier arrangement of sieves and devices for removing small weeds of the forage fraction and full-fledged seeds. The line also contains a screening block for separating long impurities in the oatmeal and short - in the puppet screens, as well as bucket elevators for supplying a heap to the air-sieve machine, the screening block and the pneumatic table.

The disadvantage of this method is the duration of the technological process and, as a result, low productivity, high labor intensity and energy consumption, a high level of seed injury, a long time spent on complete and, most importantly, high-quality cleaning of equipment when switching from one crop (variety) to another. Injure the seeds of vibration present in multi-tiered air screen machines and trieres, and balls, brushes, scrapers and screws used in this equipment. To clean the equipment when switching from one crop (variety) to another, it is necessary to completely disassemble the equipment due to the presence of hard-to-reach places where seeds and debris accumulate.

Known seed cleaning line according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2340410 (application No. 2006143511; IPC A01F 12/44. Published 10.12.2008) [3], consisting of two sequentially installed two-tier air-sieve machines for primary and secondary cleaning of a heap, a trier block for cleaning from short and long impurities and pneumosorting table.

The disadvantage of this seed-cleaning line is the high level of seed microtrauma and the long time spent on complete and most importantly high-quality cleaning of equipment when switching from one crop (variety) to another. Injure the seeds of vibration present in multi-tiered air screen machines and trieres, and balls, brushes, scrapers and screws used in this equipment. To clean the equipment when switching from one crop (variety) to another, it is necessary to completely disassemble the equipment due to the presence of hard-to-reach places where seeds and debris accumulate.

High quality of seeds is an obligatory component of modern farming culture.

The quality of seeds is affected by the degree of injury. Injuries include abrasions, shell tears, internal cracks, dents and bruises.

A decrease in the level of macro- and, most importantly, micro-injury of seeds with a simultaneous increase in the quality of their cleaning during post-harvest processing makes it possible to obtain high-potential seeds for seed material, which makes it possible to double or more yield, and reduce the seeding rate on individual crops.

Obtaining high quality seeds is possible using non-traumatic seed production technology.

Machines for non-traumatic seed preparation technology are known from open sources.

From the source https://klen-agro.rf/kompleks-podgotovki-semyan.html (published on 08/30/2019) [6], a complex for the preparation, cleaning and sorting of KLEN-KOSS-10 seeds with a capacity of 10 t/h, designed for cleaning seeds of various crops from hard-to-separate impurities and bringing the seeds to standard quality, an important distinguishing feature of which is the manufacture of equipment designed for non-traumatic seeds. In the well-known complex, a modular-sectional principle is used, which ensures quick installation of equipment.

Composition of the KLEN-KOSS-10 seed preparation complex:

01 - section of the Klen-SV air separator;

02 - section of a cellular trier;

03 - section of the Klen-BSZ drum separator;

04 - section of pneumatic sorting tables Klen-PS;

05 - section of the Klen-PSB seed incruster-treater.

Modular-sectional principle of operation of the seed preparation complex:

section of the Klen-SV-10 air separator provides separation of the flow of grain raw materials with the release of dust, light, fine and mineral impurities by the method of separating fractions in the air flow. The separator is completed with a pneumatic cyclone. The loading of raw materials into the separator and the unloading of the cleaned seeds into the trier are provided by the low-speed bucket elevator Klen-NZ-10. Cyclone waste unloading is provided by Klen-PT pneumatic transport;

the cellular trier section ensures the separation of small, short, broken grains and long and strawy impurities from the grain flow. The section is completed with a fenced service platform with a frame. The unloading of the cleaned grain flow from the trier into the drum separator is provided by the Klen-NZ-10 bucket elevator. Trier waste unloading is provided by Klen-PT pneumatic transport;

section of drum separator Klen-BSZ-100 provides sorting and calibration of seed material by thickness with separation of the main fraction of seeds. The drum is completed with standard sieve cloths 790×990 mm (used in OVS, SM machines, etc.). The drum is equipped with appropriate sieves, depending on the contamination of the source material and the required quality of the fractions. The angle of the drum to the horizon varies within 0-8°. The section is completed with a fenced service platform with a frame. Unloading of the main fractions and their reloading to the section of pneumosorting tables is provided by Klen-NZ-10 bucket elevators. Separator waste unloading is provided by Klen-PT pneumatic transport;

section pneumosorting tables Klen-PS-5,0 provides final sorting of the main fractions by density and bringing them to high quality standards. Unloading of purified fractions and their loading into containers or big-bags is provided by Klen-NZ-10 bucket elevators. Unloading of table waste is provided by trolleys with manual overturning;

the section of the Klen-PSB-10 seed treater-incruster is an additional option of the technological process.

The disadvantage of this complex is a high level of seed microtrauma, a long time spent on cleaning equipment when switching from one crop (variety) to another, and low productivity. Injure the seeds used in trier augers. To clean the trimmers when switching from one crop (variety) to another, it is necessary to completely disassemble the equipment due to the presence of hard-to-reach places where seeds and debris accumulate, and additional time is required to replace the drums. Seeds are injured and the productivity of the complex is reduced by the use of standard sieves in the drum separator, used in OBC, SM, etc. machines. This sieve is a perforated plate. When sieving, the sharp edges of the holes formed during perforation injure the seeds, and the smooth surface of the sieve causes the seeds to slip past the holes, which reduces the speed of sifting seeds and, accordingly, the productivity of the entire complex.

The closest in terms of the results achieved and eliminating the shortcomings of the above standard sieve is the Fadeev sieve according to the utility model patent No. a frame with transverse jumpers welded to it from a strip or a round bar. From above, a plurality of parallel rods of circular cross section are welded to a part of the frame and transverse bridges. The diameter of the bars is from 2 to 4 mm. The overall dimensions of the frame are 490 mm by 990 mm. The distance between the transverse jumpers is from 100 mm to 150 mm. The width of the gap between the bars is from 1 mm to 15 mm.

The Fadeev sieve is designed to work in the calibrator. The sieve is brought into an oscillatory state and loose particles, such as sunflower seeds, are fed onto the bars. The width of the longitudinal slots is selected in such a way that loose particles of the required caliber are sifted through the longitudinal slots of the sieve, the other part of loose particles with the wrong caliber moves along the bars to leave the sieve. Between the bars there is an intensive rotation of loose particles of seeds, which increases the rate of division of loose particles of seeds into fractions and allows you to significantly reduce the length of the sieve, which improves the technical and economic performance of the devices for which the sieves are intended.

However, this sieve is intended for use in horizontal air sieve machines. The presence of a welded rectangular frame and the very design of the sieve does not allow it to be used in a drum separator.

It also injures seeds and increases the time for cleaning equipment when switching from one crop (variety) to another, used in the KLEN-KOSS-10 complex, Klen-NZ elevators /NZ_1.jpg (Published on 09/07/2019).

In the well-known Klen-NZ bucket elevator, scooping metal buckets are used. The seeds are injured by the hard edge of the front wall of the bucket at the moment it is scooped up by the bucket. In addition, the bucket in the Klen-NZ elevator is attached closely to the belt of the elevator. When turning the bucket elevator, a gap is formed between the rear wall of the bucket and the elevator belt, into which accidentally dropped seeds fall. Further, as the elevator belt moves, the gap closes, the seeds get stuck and injured, and when switching from variety to variety, the elevator has to be cleaned, otherwise variety mixing may occur.

The closest in terms of the achieved results is the bucket elevator according to the utility model patent No. 91059 (application 2009136130, IPC B65G 17/00. Patentee Fadeev Leonid Vasilyevich (UA). Published: 27.01.2010. Status: not valid) [5], containing a traction body with buckets evenly attached to it, a receiving scoop of gravitational unloading with side boards on the front wall of each bucket, a rear wall with a part of the rear wall bent away from the traction body. The receiving scoop is limited by an additional side on the side of the traction body, the free edge of the additional side is separated from the next bucket with a gap, the free end of the bent part of the rear wall on each bucket is additionally bent towards the receiving scoop of the gravitational unloading of the next bucket. The free end of the bent part of the rear wall, additionally bent towards the receiving scoop of the next bucket, together with the additional side of the receiving scoop of the next bucket, moving with a gap relative to each other, form a locking joint that is transformed when the buckets move, which eliminates the spillage of individual loose particles, seeds, seeds between the buckets towards the traction unit.

However, as practice shows, when using this bucket elevator, it is not possible to achieve complete elimination of spillage of individual particles of seeds, seeds between buckets towards the draft body. When turning the bucket elevator, a gap is formed between the rear wall of the bucket and the elevator belt, into which accidentally dropped seeds fall. Further, as the elevator belt moves, the gap closes, the seeds get stuck and injured, and when switching from variety to variety, the elevator has to be cleaned, otherwise variety mixing may occur.

From the source https://klen-agro.rf/img/posleuborochnaya-texnika/BSZ/BSZ_1.png (Published on 10/31/2018), the KLEN-BSZ drum separator is known.

The operation of the machine is based on the separation of the feedstock into fractions, using sieves of the required caliber, on a rotating drum.

The device of the sieve-drum separator does not have a central drive shaft and a gearbox. This ensures the simplicity and reliability of the machine. The sieves are cleaned by a roller mechanism. This cleaning method minimizes seed damage.

The accuracy of the Klen-BSZ separator is ensured due to the absence of vibrations of the operating machine, thanks to which the seeds easily fall into the openings of the drum sieves.

Depending on the sieves used, due to the possibility of changing the drum angle settings, the Klen-BSZ separator can be used in the following conditions:

- preliminary cleaning;

- preliminary cleaning and separation of seeds, with high throughput using all sieves for separation;

- high-precision calibration, using all sieves as calibration ones.

The disadvantage of the drum separator described above is that during the rotation of the drum, the drive belts arbitrarily shift along the surface of the drum, run into the sieves and sieve fasteners, which leads to their rapid wear, frequent replacement, which in turn leads to a stop of the entire line and a decrease in productivity. . In addition, the design of the release of cleaned seeds is made in the form of a four-slope funnel with a rectangular hole, which does not allow unloading grain in the right direction and regulating its flow without additional devices (valves, gutters). Also, the use of perforated sieves in the drum separator injures the seeds and reduces the performance of the drum. When sifting, the sharp edges of the holes formed during perforation injure the seeds, and the smooth surface of the sieve causes the seeds to slip past the holes, which reduces the speed of sifting the seeds.

There are three openings on the separator body, which are closed with double flaps, as a result of which access is provided to each section of the drum, which makes it possible to easily and quickly replace the sieves. However, at the same time open shutters take up a lot of space, require a large area for maintenance of the drum, limit access to the inside of the drum, which reduces the quality of equipment maintenance.

According to the combination of features, the complex for preparing, cleaning and sorting seeds KLEN-KOSS-10 (https://klen-agro.rf/kompleks-podgotovki-semyan.html (published on 30.08.2019) was selected as the closest analogue of the claimed line) [6].

Through the use of a complex for the preparation, cleaning and sorting of seeds KLEN-KOSS-10 (https://klen-agro.rf/kompleks-podgotovki-semyan.html (Published on August 30, 2019) [6], a method of non-traumatic seed treatment technology is implemented, including separation air separator of the flow of grain raw materials with the separation of dust, light, fine and mineral impurities by the method of separating fractions in the air flow, the separation of small, short, broken grains and long and straw impurities from the grain flow by a cellular trier, sorting and calibrating the seed material with a drum separator according to the thickness separation of the main fractions of seeds, the final sorting of the main fractions by density on a pneumosorting table and dressing the seeds with a treater-encruster. etc.

The disadvantage of this method is that the receiving equipment of the complex is not adapted for unloading seeds directly from under the combine, and due to the low productivity of the line, the supply of raw materials is carried out by road in small portions, so the grain for processing comes after preliminary storage. Preliminary storage of raw grain raw materials leads to infection of seeds with fungal and bacterial diseases, a decrease in its quality and, accordingly, the strength and energy of growth. The use of only an air separator at the first stage does not allow separating heavy litter and most of the broken seeds from the grain raw material; as a result, heavily contaminated grain enters the next stage of the main cleaning, which worsens the quality of further cleaning. In addition, the disadvantage of this method is a high level of seed microtrauma, a large amount of time spent on cleaning equipment when switching from one crop (variety) to another, and low productivity. Injure the grain used in trier augers. To clean the trimmers when switching from one crop (variety) to another, it is necessary to completely disassemble the equipment due to the presence of hard-to-reach places where seeds and debris accumulate, and additional time is required to replace the drums. Injure the grain, and reduces the productivity of the complex, the use of sieves in the drum separator used in OBC, SM, etc. machines. This sieve is a perforated plate. When sifting, the sharp edges of the holes formed during perforation injure the grain, and the smooth surface of the sieve causes the seeds to slip past the holes, which reduces the speed of sifting seeds and, accordingly, the productivity of the entire complex.

It also injures grain and increases the time for cleaning equipment when switching from one crop (variety) to another, used in the KLEN-KOSS-10 complex, Klen-NZ bucket elevators (https://klen-agro.rf/imp/posleuborochnaya-texnika/NZ /NZ_1.jpg (Published on 09/07/2019)).

In the well-known Klen-NZ bucket elevator, scooping metal buckets are used. The grain is injured by the hard edge of the front wall of the bucket at the moment it is scooped up by the bucket. In addition, the bucket in the Klen-NZ elevator is attached closely to the belt of the elevator. When turning the bucket elevator, a gap is formed between the rear wall of the bucket and the elevator belt, into which accidentally dropped seeds fall. Further, as the elevator belt moves, the gap closes, the seeds get stuck and injured, and when switching from variety to variety, the elevator has to be cleaned, otherwise variety mixing may occur.

An essential feature of the proposed method, coinciding with analogues, is the implementation of post-harvest seed preparation, which includes the operations of primary and main seed cleaning from non-grain fractions, separation of seeds into fractions according to completion and density.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to reduce the level of macro- and, most importantly, micro-injury of seeds with a simultaneous increase in their cleaning quality.

In the proposed technical solution:

1) completely excluded from the equipment used in this invention are scoop-and-throw bucket elevators, augers, scrapers, pneumatic conveyors, grain throwers, auger dressers, damaging seeds;

2) floor storage of seed material is excluded without its preliminary cleaning from weed impurities and broken (injured) seeds;

instead of multi-tiered air-sieve machines and trieres at the stages of primary, main cleaning and calibration, drum separators of the same type with large-diameter drums, with a different set of wire sieves depending on the crop, processing stage and required quality, as well as low-speed bucket elevators with a belt speed of up to 1 m / s, with buckets with a capacity of not more than 30 t / h (hereinafter referred to as non-traumatic elevator), which provide non-traumatic transportation of seeds (scooping, throwing elevators with iron and even plastic crusts are excluded). The use of large-diameter drum separators makes it possible to lengthen the path of seeds with a minimum set of equipment.

Disclosure of the invention.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that in the line for preparing seeds for sowing in the soil, containing sequentially located primary cleaning unit; main cleaning unit; calibration block; pneumosorting unit; dressing unit, with low-speed elevators, providing non-traumatic transportation of seeds, according to the invention, each of the primary cleaning, main cleaning, calibration units contain drum separators with drums with a diameter of more than 1.0 m and with non-traumatic wire sieves; wherein the primary cleaning unit includes sequentially located receiving device, non-traumatic elevator, aspirator and drum separator with non-traumatic sieves; the main cleaning unit includes a non-traumatic elevator and a drum separator with non-traumatic sieves; calibration unit, including a non-traumatic elevator and a drum-type calibrator with non-traumatic sieves; the pneumatic sorting unit is equipped with a non-traumatic elevator and a device for separating seeds by density; the dressing unit is equipped with a non-traumatic bucket elevator and a drum-type dresser;

at the same time, the non-traumatic wire sieve is a rectangular structure, curved transversely according to the shape of the drum, and consists of multiple transverse and longitudinal bars welded around the perimeter to a wire of the same section and to each other at the intersections, while the transverse bars act as a base, and from below longitudinal bars are welded to them, so that the transverse bars rise above the longitudinal bars to ensure the tedding of seeds and the direction of its movement along the drum, while the bars are made of steel wire with a diameter of 2 mm, the distance between the transverse bars is no more than 30 mm, and between longitudinal bars from 1.7 mm to 12 mm;

at the same time, the separator drum contains sections consisting of a set of non-traumatic wire sieves, with parameters corresponding to a certain degree of seed cleaning, and the drum itself, to eliminate vibrations, is placed on belts passed through drive bearing rollers connected to the drum rotation electric drive, moreover, from the outside of the drum two sides are installed around the circumference to limit the lateral displacement of the drive belts;

at the same time, the release of the cleaned seeds is equipped with a curved outlet of circular cross section with a rotary device;

at the same time, there are openings on the drum, closed by roller shutters, for servicing the inner part of the drum;

at the same time, the bucket of a low-speed non-traumatic elevator is a rectangular container, divided along the sloping bottom into two parts: the upper one, consisting of the back wall, bottom, side walls, stiffeners, and the lower one, consisting of side walls and the reverse side of the bottom,

while on the back wall there are supporting elements that form a gap between the bucket and the belt of the elevator, and the back wall is made with a bend away from the traction body of the bucket elevator; while the lower part of the bucket is made wider than the upper.

The claimed technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method of preparing seeds for sowing in the ground, including the steps: primary cleaning; basic cleaning; calibration; pneumatic sorting; pickling; and with the transportation of the original and processed seed material by low-speed non-traumatic elevators, according to the invention, each of the stages of primary cleaning, main cleaning, calibration is carried out on drum separators with drums with a diameter of more than 1.0 m and with non-traumatic wire sieves; at the same time, the primary cleaning stage is carried out through a sequentially located receiving device, a non-traumatic elevator, an aspirator and a drum separator with non-traumatic sieves; the main cleaning stage is carried out through a non-traumatic elevator and a drum separator with non-traumatic sieves; the calibration stage is carried out through a non-traumatic elevator and a drum separator with non-traumatic sieves with separation of seeds according to performance; the stage of pneumatic sorting is carried out through a non-traumatic elevator and a device for separating seeds by density; the dressing stage is carried out through a non-traumatic elevator and a drum-type dresser;

at the same time, the stages of primary cleaning, main cleaning, calibration are carried out using non-traumatic wire sieves, which are a rectangular structure, curved transversely according to the shape of the drum, consisting of multiple transverse and longitudinal bars welded around the perimeter to a wire of the same cross section and to each other at the intersections , while the transverse bars perform the function of the base, and the longitudinal bars are welded to them from below, so that the transverse bars rise above the longitudinal bars to ensure the tedding of the seeds and the direction of its movement along the drum, while the bars are made of steel wire with a diameter of 2 mm, the distance between transverse bars is no more than 30 mm, and between longitudinal bars from 1.7 mm to 12 mm;

at the same time, the stages of primary cleaning, main cleaning, calibration are carried out using a drum separator containing sections consisting of a set of non-traumatic wire sieves, with parameters corresponding to a certain degree of seed cleaning, and the drum itself is placed on belts passed through drive carrier rollers to eliminate vibrations connected to the drum rotation electric drive, and on the outer side of the drum, two sides are installed around the circumference to limit the lateral displacement of the drive belts;

at the same time, the release of the cleaned seeds from the drum is carried out through a curved branch of circular cross section with a rotary device;

at the same time, the method is carried out using a low-speed non-traumatic elevator, during which the seed heap from the outlet of the hopper is poured into the upper part of the bucket, when the bucket moves up, the bend on the back wall of the bucket away from the traction element of the bucket elevator protects against spilling of individual seeds from the bucket, and on when the elevator is turned, the bucket overturns and the seed heap is smoothly poured onto the lower part of the previous bucket, sliding along the reverse side of the bottom, without hitting, it enters the block of the next stage of seed processing, and thanks to the support elements on the rear wall of the bucket, which forms a gap between the bucket and the elevator belt when By turning the elevator, accidentally spilled seeds, falling into the space between the bucket and the belt of the elevator, without being injured, freely fall down into the conveyor, from where they are easily removed and sent back to the bucket elevator.

In this case, the seed heap after direct combining by a combine prepared for harvesting seed plots is unloaded into a dump truck or storage hopper designed for cleaning seed plots, and the heap is unloaded directly above the receiving device.

List of figures.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a line for non-traumatic seed cleaning.

Fig. 2 - diagram of the separator drum.

Fig. 3 - scheme of the sieve cloth (sweep).

Fig. 4 - view A of the sieve in figure 2.

Fig. 5 - bucket elevator - general view.

Fig. 6 - bucket bucket - View B in figure 5 (top view).

Fig. 7 - bucket elevator - View B in figure 5 (side view).

Fig. 8 is a diagram of the formation of a gap on a bucket elevator with known buckets;

Fig. 9 is a diagram of a bucket elevator with the inventive buckets.

Fig. 10 - algorithm of the method of non-traumatic seed cleaning.

List of positions

100 - primary treatment unit;

1 - receiving device;

2 - non-traumatic bucket elevator;

3 - the direction of movement of the heap;

4 - aspiration chamber;

5 - direction of air flow;

6 - light rubbish;

7 - drum separator;

8 - small rubbish;

9 - small rubbish;

10 - cleaned seed heap;

11 - large rubbish;

12 - bunker for cleaned seeds;

200 - main cleaning unit

10 - the direction of movement of the heap after rough cleaning;

13 - non-traumatic bucket elevator;

14 - drum separator;

15, 16, 18 - broken, chopped, feeble and non-standard seeds, weed seeds;

17 - seeds after the main cleaning;

19 - bunker of cleaned seeds;

20 - non-traumatic bucket elevator;

21 - conveyor type dryer;

22 - non-traumatic bucket elevators;

300 - calibration block;

17 - the direction of movement of the seeds after the main cleaning;

23 - drum separator calibrator;

24, 25, 26, 27 - bunkers or big-bags of fractions by completion, fraction numbers 1, 2, 3, 4;

400 - pneumatic sorting unit;

28 - non-traumatic bucket elevator;

29 - device for separating seeds by density (pneumatic vibrating table or jet separator);

30 - heavy fractions;

31 - medium fractions;

32 - light fractions;

500 - etching block;

33 - non-traumatic bucket elevator;

34 - drum-type treater;

35 - nozzles for making a disinfectant;

36 - direction of movement of finished seeds;

37 - non-traumatic bucket elevator;

38 - mini dryer.

Separator drum device (Fig. 2):

39 - drive carrier rollers;

40 - drive belts;

41 - direction of rotation of the drive belts;

42 - cleaning rollers;

43 - separator drum with sieves;

44 - sieve;

45 - transverse bar;

46 - longitudinal bar.

Elevator bucket device:

47 - noria bucket;

48 - stiffeners;

49 - supporting element on the elevator belt;

50 - rear wall;

51 - bottom;

52 - side walls of the upper part;

53 - side walls of the lower part;

54 - the reverse side of the bottom 51;

55 - bent part of the rear wall 50;

56 - gap between the rear wall of the bucket and the elevator belt in the prototype;

57 - the space between the back wall 50 of the bucket and the belt 58 of the bucket elevator;

58 - noria tape;

59 - holes for fastening the bucket to the elevator belt.

Terms.

To designate the product being processed, the description uses the general term "seeds", which refers to the seeds of cereals, legumes, cereals, corn, sunflower and other oilseeds.

Further in the text, the term "heap" is used to refer to seeds or grains of various agricultural crops obtained after threshing, containing seeds of the main crop, light large and small weeds, weed seeds, broken, chopped and non-standard seed or grain.

Implementation of a line for preparing seeds for sowing in the ground.

The inventive line for preparing seeds for sowing in the ground (Fig. 1) has a block structure and contains blocks: 100 - primary cleaning; 200 - basic cleaning; 300 - calibrations, 400 - pneumatic sorting; 500 - dressing, with transportation of the initial and processed seed material by low-speed non-traumatic bucket elevators.

The block structure allows, depending on the required quality of seed preparation, to interrupt processing either after the main cleaning unit, or after calibration, or pneumatic sorting without turning off unused blocks.

As shown in FIG. 1 block 100 of primary treatment includes sequentially located receiving device 1, non-traumatic elevator 2, aspirator 4 and drum separator 7 with non-traumatic sieves.

The receiving device 1, such as a pit, is designed to unload seeds directly from under the combine to maintain their integrity, excluding collisions with seeds by vehicles and falling seeds from a great height.

As a non-traumatic elevator 2, a low-speed elevator with a belt speed of up to 1 m/sec, buckets with a capacity of not more than 30 t/h was used, which ensures non-traumatic transportation of heaps.

Non-traumatic bucket elevator (Fig. 5, 6, 7) according to the invention contains an endless traction body with buckets attached to it. The ladle is made of polymeric frost-resistant material. The bucket is a rectangular container, divided along the sloping bottom 51 into two parts: the upper and lower parts. The upper part consists of a rear wall 50, a bottom 51, side walls 52, stiffeners 48 to ensure the strength of the bucket due to its large volume, the number of ribs is preferably equal to two, and the rear wall is made with a bend 55 away from the elevator traction body - tapes, bend 55 are designed to direct the flow of seeds and protect against spillage of seeds from the bucket into the conveyor.

The lower part of the bucket is made in the form of a tray and allows you to take on a heap, seeds and direct it directly to the unloading area. The lower part of the bucket consists of side walls 53 and the reverse side 54 of the bottom 51, while the lower part is made wider than the upper one, because when tipping the bucket, the seeds from the narrower upper part of the bucket are poured onto the wider lower part (the reverse side of the bottom), which prevents the seeds from waking up into the conveyor. In contrast to the known buckets, which are designed for a snug fit to the belt 58 (Fig. 8) of the bucket elevator, as a result of which, when the belt 58 is turned on a bend, a gap 56 is formed between the belt 58 and the rear wall of the bucket 50, in which accidentally spilled seeds get stuck and injured equipment, on the back wall 50 (Fig. 9) of the inventive bucket there are supporting elements 49, forming a space 57 between the bucket and the belt 58 of the bucket elevator, which ensures free spillage of seeds. The bucket is fastened to the bucket elevator through holes 59 (Fig. 6, 7) with elevator bolts. During the operation of the elevator, the seeds from the outlet of the hopper are poured into the upper part of the bucket, then the bucket moves up, the bend 55 on the back wall of the bucket away from the traction body of the elevator directs the flow of seeds and protects individual seeds from spilling out of the bucket; at the turn of the elevator, the bucket overturns, the seeds are smoothly poured onto the lower part of the previous bucket, and, sliding along the reverse side of the bottom, without hitting, they enter the block of the next stage of seed processing. At the same time, at the turn of the bucket elevator, accidentally waking up seeds, falling into the space 57 (Fig. 9) between the bucket and the belt 58 of the bucket elevator, formed due to the supporting elements 49 on the back wall of the bucket 50, without being injured, freely fall down into the elevator shoe, from where they easily removed and sent back to the elevator. Thus, thanks to the proposed design of the bucket, the possibility of damage to the seed shells by the elements of the device when they are moved along the path of the elevator is reduced, the level of macro- and micro-injury of the seeds is reduced, and the need for complete disassembly of the elevator to clean it when switching from one grade to another is eliminated.

Noria 2 (Fig. 1) feeds a heap into the aspiration chamber. The aspiration chamber 4 with a closed cycle ensures the selection of light weeds and the removal of light debris 6 with the help of air flow 5.

As an aspiration chamber 4, for example, a cyclone-type aspiration chamber can be used for the KLEN-BSZ drum separator (http://separator-klen.ru/posleuboroc separator. Published on September 19, 2017).

From the aspiration chamber 4, the seeds enter by gravity into the rotating sieve drums, where they are divided into fractions, depending on the installed sieves.

As a primary cleaning drum separator 7, a large-diameter drum separator, over 1.0 m, is used, which makes it possible to lengthen the path for cleaning the heap in order to improve the quality of cleaning.

A drum separator without a central drive shaft and drive beams that injure seeds can be used, such as the KLEN-BSZ drum separator provides separation of the flow of seed material into fractions using sieves of the required caliber on rotating drums. The drum separator consists of several sections, each of which is equipped with a sorted product outlet. The drum separator is made with the possibility of inclination to the horizontal at an angle of 0 to 8 degrees.

Unlike the well-known drum separator (https://klen-agro.rf/barabannyij-separator-klen-bsz.html. Published on 10/31/2018), sieves 44 are installed in the inventive separator drum 43 (Fig. 2) (Fig. 3, 4), made of thin rods - wire. As shown in FIG. 3, the sieve 44 is a rectangular structure, preferably measuring 790 mm by 990 mm along the perimeter, curved transversely in the shape of the drum. The sieve consists of multiple transverse 45 and longitudinal 46 bars made of galvanized steel wire with a section diameter of 2.0 mm, welded around the perimeter to a wire of the same section and to each other at the intersections. Cross rods 45 perform the function of the base. From below, longitudinal bars 46 are welded to them, so that the transverse bars 45 rise above the longitudinal bars 46. The distance l ₁ between the transverse bars is 30 mm, the distance l ₂ between the longitudinal bars is from 1.7 mm to 12 mm, these distances determine the size of the sieve cell .

The size of the wire diameter - within 2.0 mm was chosen by experiments, the smaller diameter of the wire makes the sieve fragile, deformable under load. Larger wire diameters make the sieve heavier and also impair its performance, such as permeability, which in turn reduces the performance of the sieve.

The separator drum contains sections consisting of a set of non-traumatic wire sieves with parameters corresponding to a certain degree of heap cleaning.

The sieves are assembled in sections, mainly three sections, forming the inner cylindrical surface of the drum. In each section, mainly five sieves. In the preferred embodiment, five sieves are installed along the circumference of the drum, three sieves are installed along the length of the drum, in total there are fifteen sieves in the drum. The cells of the sieves of one section have the same size. The size of the sieve cell is selected depending on the processing stage of the next cultivated crop and on a certain degree of cleaning the heap. For example, for wheat, the distance l ₂ between the longitudinal bars is from 2.4 mm to 3.0 mm, and for soybeans from 5.0 mm to 6.0 mm.

The transverse base 45 of the sieves, protruding above the surface of the sieve in the drum, performs the functions of turning and guiding the heap.

During operation, the sieve is driven into rotational motion. A heap enters the inner surface of the sieve and, under the influence of gravity, due to the inclination of the drum, begins to move along the transverse base. As the heap moves, falling between the bars 45 of the transverse base, it is subjected to intensive tedding. Particles of a heap of seeds of a smaller caliber are sieved into the cells of the sieve, and particles of a larger caliber continue to move to the bottom of the drum. In the drum, the cross bars 45 are positioned along the drum and guide the material towards the bottom of the drum.

Wire sieves reduce the level of macro- and micro-injury of seeds compared to perforated sieves of the prototype, since the wire does not have sharp edges, and the seeds, in contact with the wire, do not get scratches and other injuries along the entire path through the drum, unlike the prototype, where sharp edges the holes formed during perforation injure the seeds during sieving, and the smooth surface of the perforated sieve causes the seeds to slip past the holes, which reduces the speed of sifting seeds, and hence the productivity of the drum.

As shown in FIG. 2, the drum to eliminate vibrations is placed on belts passed through the drive carrier rollers 39, connected to the electric drive of rotation of the drum. On the outer side of the drum around the circumference there are two sides with a height of, for example, 30-35 mm at a distance of 80-100 mm from each other to limit the lateral displacement of the drive belts. The absence of sides leads to arbitrary displacement of the belts, their collision with the sieves and sieve mounts, and their rapid wear.

The release of cleaned seeds is equipped with a curved branch of circular cross section with a rotary device (not shown). The drum is equipped with rubber rollers 42 for cleaning the openings of the sieves, located on the outer side of the sieves. In addition, the drum is made with the possibility of adjusting the angle of its inclination, for example, a hydraulic lift, which allows you to quickly and with the least physical effort to adjust the angle of inclination.

In each section, a pile of seeds undergoes a certain degree of purification. The absence of vibrations in the drum allows the seeds to easily fall into the cells of the sieves of the drum. At the same time, the cells of the sieves are cleaned with rubber rollers 42 located on the outer side of the sieves, which minimizes injury to the seeds. There are three openings on the separator body, which are closed with roller shutters, as a result of which access is provided to each section of the drum, which makes it possible to easily and quickly replace the screens. There are no places of accumulation of separated material in the separator.

As shown in FIG. 1 as the heap 3 moves along the inner surface of the drum, large litter 11 and small litter 8.9 are separated and removed from the machine.

The cleaned heap 10 enters the hopper 12 and then to the non-traumatic elevator 13 for supply to the main cleaning unit 200. The non-traumatic elevator 13 has a device similar to the non-traumatic elevator 2 of the primary cleaning unit 100 described above.

In the main cleaning unit 200, the heap is processed using a drum separator 14. The arrangement of the drum separator 14 of the main cleaning unit 200 is similar to the scheme of the drum separator 7 of the primary cleaning unit 100.

Drum separators 14 are equipped with non-traumatic wire screens, the design of which is similar to that described above. In each section, the heap undergoes a certain degree of cleaning. With the help of these sieves at this stage of cleaning, broken, chopped, feeble and non-standard seeds, weed seeds (pos. 15, 16, 18) are easily separated and taken out of the machine. The cleaned seeds 17 enter the hopper 19 to be fed either to the elevator 20 of the dryer 21 or to the bucket elevator 22 of the calibration unit. The non-traumatic elevators 20 and 22 have a device similar to the non-traumatic elevator 2 of the primary cleaning unit 100 described above.

Dryer 21 conveyor type is designed to remove excess moisture (above 14%). An ALVAN BLANCH dryer can be used as a dryer (https://alvanblanchgroup.com/en/continuous-double-flow-grain-driers. Published 10/9/2024).

After the main cleaning in the block 200 or, if necessary, after drying in the dryer 21, the seeds 17 are fed to the non-traumatic elevator 22 of the calibration unit 300. The non-traumatic elevator 22 has a device similar to the non-traumatic elevator 2 of the primary cleaning unit 100 described above.

The calibration unit 300 is designed to calibrate seeds by size, for example, by completion, and fractionation.

The scheme of the device of the calibrator 23 is similar to the scheme of the drum separator 7. The number of fractions depends on the culture being processed. For example, two fractions are enough for wheat, three fractions for soybeans, and four fractions for corn. For each size-aligned fraction, a corresponding bunker or big-bag 24, 25, 26, 27 is designed to feed it to the non-traumatic elevator 28 of the pneumatic sorting unit 400. The non-traumatic elevator 28 has a device similar to the non-traumatic elevator 2 of the primary cleaning unit 100 described above.

The pneumatic sorting unit 400 is equipped with a device 29 for separating seeds by density, such as a pneumatic vibrating table, for example, of the KLEN-PS type (https://klen-agro.rf/pnevmostol-klen.html. Published on November 6, 2018).

The seed material is fed to the device 29 for separating seeds by density by a non-traumatic elevator 28. Each of the fractions (30, 31, 32) is poured into the corresponding big bag. The average density fraction 31, if necessary, is re-passed through the device 29 for separating seeds by density in order to isolate high-quality seeds from it. Heavy seeds 30 are placed in big bags for storage for the upcoming pre-sowing treatment.

The seed treatment unit 500 is equipped with a drum-type treater 34, for example, the KLEN-PSB seed treater-incruster (https://klen-agro.rf/protravlivatel-klen-psb-0.1.html. the principle of continuous dressing of the starting material in a rotating drum with water-based preparations, as well as pre-treatment of seeds with a dry inoculant.

On the inner surface of the drum along its length, four ribs from the corner are installed, due to which the seeds are mixed. Two nozzles 35 are provided for making the disinfectant. The supply of seeds 30 to the treatment unit is carried out by means of a low-speed non-traumatic elevator 33. The non-traumatic elevator 33 has a device similar to the non-traumatic elevator 2 described above of the primary cleaning unit 100.

Mixing is performed smoothly when the seeds 30 move along the length of the drum (more than 1 m). At the exit from the machine, seeds 36 are ready for sowing.

After dressing, if necessary, the surface moisture is removed by a mini-dryer 38. In this case, after dressing, the seeds 36 are poured into the elevator bin of the non-traumatic elevator 37, made similarly to the non-traumatic elevator 2 of the primary cleaning unit 100, and fed into the mini-dryer 38. - run or bags. Big bags or bags with a fixed weight are sent to the formation of batches for further storage.

Job.

After direct combining with a combine prepared for harvesting seed plots, the heap is unloaded into a dump truck or storage hopper designed for harvesting seed plots. Floor storage after harvesting (heap piles) is excluded, since storage of unprocessed heap leads to infection of seeds with fungal and bacterial diseases, a decrease in its quality and, accordingly, the strength and energy of growth. It is allowed to store seeds only after preliminary cleaning. Storage is carried out in big bags mounted on euro pallets.

The unloading of the heap is carried out directly above the receiving device, which excludes the collision with the seeds by vehicles and the fall of seeds from a great height. The heap from the dam pit enters the non-traumatic elevator.

During the operation of a non-traumatic elevator, the heap from the outlet of the hopper is poured into the upper part of the bucket, then the bucket moves up, the bend on the rear wall of the bucket away from the traction element of the elevator protects against spilling of individual seeds from the bucket; at the turn of the elevator, the bucket overturns, the heap smoothly pours onto the lower part of the previous bucket, and, sliding along the reverse side of the bottom, without hitting, enters the block of the next stage of seed processing. At the same time, at the turn of the elevator, accidentally spilled seeds, falling into the space between the bucket and the belt of the elevator, formed due to the supporting elements on the rear wall of the bucket, without injury, freely fall down into the shoe of the elevator, from where they are easily removed and sent again to the bucket elevator.

Further, the heap through the aspiration chamber, where the light litter is removed by the air flow, enters the primary drum separator.

The sieve is driven in rotation. A heap enters the inner surface of the sieve and, under the influence of gravity, due to the inclination of the drum, begins to move along the transverse base. As the heap moves, falling between the bars of the transverse base, it is subjected to intensive tedding. Particles of a heap of smaller caliber are sieved into the cells of the sieve, and particles of a larger caliber continue to move to the bottom of the drum. In the drum, the cross bars are placed along the drum and guide the material towards the bottom of the drum.

Wire sieves reduce the level of macro- and micro-injury of seeds compared to perforated sieves of the prototype, since the wire does not have sharp edges, and the seeds, in contact with the wire, do not get scratches and other injuries along the entire path through the drum, unlike the prototype, where sharp edges the holes formed during perforation injure the seeds during sieving, and the smooth surface of the perforated sieve causes the seeds to slip past the holes, which reduces the speed of sifting seeds, and hence the productivity of the drum.

As the heap moves along the inner surface of the drum, large and small litter is separated and removed from the machine.

The cells are cleaned from stuck heap particles by rubber rollers located on the outer side of the sieves, which minimizes injury to the seeds.

The incoming seeds, without being injured, slide along the rotating inner surface of the sieves, smoothly moving from one section to another. As a result, the path of the heap along the surface of the sieve is at least doubled, which results in an increase in the quality of cleaning. The absence of vibrations in the drum allows the heap particles to easily enter the openings of the drum sieves. At the same time, the openings of the sieves are cleaned with rubber rollers located on the outside of the sieves, which minimizes injury to the seeds. An individual approach is provided to each section of the drum, which makes it easy and quick to replace sieves. There are no places of accumulation of separated material in the separator. Therefore, when changing varieties (crops), there is no need to dismantle the equipment for stripping.

The cleaned heap goes to a non-traumatic elevator to be fed to the main cleaning.

The main cleaning of the heap is carried out using drum separators equipped with wire non-traumatic sieves. With the help of these sieves at this stage of cleaning, broken, chopped, feeble and non-standard seeds, weed seeds are easily separated and removed from the line. The cleaned seeds enter the bunker to be fed either to the dryer elevator or to the elevator of the calibration block.

Excess moisture is removed from the seeds by a conveyor-type dryer. After the main cleaning and, if necessary, drying, the seeds are fed to a non-traumatic elevator for transportation to the calibration.

Calibration is performed by a drum-type calibrator. The number of fractions depends on the crop being processed. For most crops, two fractions are sufficient for seed production, with the exception of crops such as sunflower, soybeans and corn. Each size-adjusted fraction is poured into the appropriate bunker or big-bag to be fed for pneumatic sorting.

Separation of seeds by density is carried out using a pneumatic vibrating table. The seed material is fed to it by a non-traumatic elevator. The pneumatic vibrating table divides the seeds by density into three fractions: heavy, medium and light. Each of the fractions is poured into the corresponding big bag. The medium-density fraction, if necessary, is repeatedly passed through a pneumatic vibrating table to isolate high-quality seeds from it. Heavy seeds are placed in big bags for storage for the upcoming pre-sowing treatment, while light seeds are used at the discretion of specialists.

Before sowing, the seeds are treated in a drum-type treater. Due to the ribs installed on the inner surface of the drum along its length, the seeds are mixed. The introduction of the disinfectant is carried out by two nozzles. Mixing is performed smoothly when the seeds move along the length of the drum (more than 1 m). At the exit from the machine, seeds are ready for sowing.

After pickling, if necessary, the surface moisture is removed with a mini-dryer. Seeds are sacked into big bags or bags. Big bags or bags with a fixed weight are sent to the formation of batches for further storage.

The implementation of the method of preparing seeds for sowing in the ground.

The proposed method is illustrated in Fig. 1 and FIG. 10.

The method is implemented as follows.

After direct combining with a combine prepared for harvesting seed plots, the heap is unloaded into a dump truck or storage hopper designed for harvesting seed plots.

Floor storage after harvesting (heap piles) is excluded, since storage of unprocessed heap leads to infection of seeds with fungal and bacterial diseases, a decrease in their quality and, accordingly, the strength and energy of growth. Storage of seeds is allowed only after their preliminary cleaning. Seeds are stored in big bags mounted on euro pallets.

The unloading of the heap is carried out directly above the receiving device 1 (Fig. 1), which prevents vehicles from hitting the seeds and dropping the seeds from a great height. The heap from the dam pit enters the non-traumatic elevator 2.

During the operation of a non-traumatic elevator, the heap from the outlet of the hopper is poured into the upper part of the bucket, then the bucket moves up, the bend on the rear wall of the bucket away from the traction element of the elevator protects against spilling of individual seeds from the bucket; at the turn of the elevator, the bucket overturns, the heap smoothly pours onto the lower part of the previous bucket, and, sliding along the reverse side of the bottom, without hitting, enters the block of the next stage of seed processing. At the same time, at the turn of the elevator, accidentally spilled seeds, falling into the space between the bucket and the belt of the elevator, formed due to the supporting elements on the rear wall of the bucket, without injury, freely fall down into the shoe of the elevator, from where they are easily removed and sent again to the bucket elevator.

Further, the heap 3 through the aspiration chamber 4, where the light litter 6 is removed by the air flow 5, enters the primary drum separator 7.

The drum separator with wire sieves installed in it is driven in rotational motion. A heap enters the inner surface of the sieve and, under the influence of gravity, due to the inclination of the drum, begins to move along the transverse base. The heap, without being injured, slides along the rotating inner surface of the sieves, smoothly moving from one section to another. As a result, the path of the heap along the surface of the sieve increases at least 2 times, which improves the quality of cleaning. As the heap moves, falling between the bars of the transverse base, it is subjected to intensive tedding. Particles of a heap of smaller caliber are sieved into the cells of the sieve, and particles of a larger caliber continue to move to the bottom of the drum. In the drum, the cross bars are placed along the drum and guide the material towards the bottom of the drum. The absence of vibrations in the drum allows the heap particles to easily enter the openings of the drum sieves.

Wire sieves reduce the level of macro- and micro-injury of seeds compared to perforated sieves of the prototype, since the wire does not have sharp edges, and the seeds, in contact with the wire, do not get scratches and other injuries along the entire path through the drum, unlike the prototype, where sharp edges the holes formed during perforation injure the seeds during sieving, and the smooth surface of the perforated sieve causes the seeds to slip past the holes, which reduces the speed of sifting seeds, and hence the productivity of the drum.

Cleaning of the sieve cells from stuck heap particles is carried out by rubber rollers located on the outer side of the sieves, which minimizes injury to the seeds.

As the heap 3 moves along the inner surface of the drum, large litter 11 and small litter 8, 9 are separated and removed from the machine.

An individual approach is provided to each section of the drum, which makes it easy and quick to replace sieves. There are no places of accumulation of separated material in the separator. Therefore, when changing varieties (crops), there is no need to dismantle the equipment for stripping.

The cleaned heap 10 enters the non-traumatic elevator 13 to be fed to the main cleaning 200.

The main cleaning of the heap is carried out using drum separators 14, equipped with wire non-traumatic sieves. With the help of these sieves at this stage of cleaning, broken, chopped, feeble and non-standard seeds, weed seeds are easily separated and removed from the line. The cleaned seeds 17 enter the hopper 19 to be fed either to the elevator 20 of the dryer, or to the bucket elevator 22 of the calibration unit.

Seeds with high humidity (more than 14%) are sent to the conveyor-type dryer 21. After the main cleaning or after drying, the seeds 17 are fed to the non-traumatic elevator 22 to be sent to the calibration 300.

Calibration 300 is performed by drum type calibrator 23 with segregation of seeds according to performance. The number of fractions depends on the crop being processed. For most crops, two fractions are sufficient for seed production, with the exception of crops such as sunflower, soybeans and corn. Each size-aligned fraction is poured into the appropriate bunker or big-bag 24, 25, 26, 27 to feed it for pneumatic sorting.

Separation of seeds by density is carried out using a pneumatic vibrating table 29. The seed material is fed to it by a non-traumatic elevator 28. The pneumatic vibrating table divides the seeds by density into three fractions: heavy 30, medium 31 and light 32. Each of the fractions is poured into the corresponding big bag. The medium-density fraction 31, if necessary, is repeatedly passed through a pneumovibrating table to isolate high-quality seeds from it. Heavy seeds 30 are placed in big bags for storage for the upcoming pre-sowing treatment, and light 32 are used at the discretion of specialists.

Before sowing, the seeds are treated (step 500) in a drum-type treater 34. Due to the ribs installed on the inner surface of the drum along its length, the seeds are mixed. The introduction of the disinfectant is carried out by two nozzles 35. Mixing is performed smoothly when the seeds 30 move along the length of the drum (more than 1 m). At the exit from the machine, seeds are ready for sowing.

After dressing, if necessary, the surface moisture is removed with a mini-dryer 38. Seeds are bagged into big bags or bags. Big bags or bags with a fixed weight are sent to the formation of batches for further storage.

The table below shows the results of X-ray analysis and morphophysiological state of seedlings (growth strength) of wheat seeds obtained by the proposed method (samples 1 and 2) and by the known method using multi-tiered air screen machines and trieres (samples 3, 4, 5).

As can be seen from the table, samples 1 and 2 are characterized by a minimum number of microcracks in the range from 0.04 to 0.86 pcs. per 100 seeds. The same samples have the best morphophysiological characteristics of seedlings: the length of the seedlings is in the range from 36.6 to 40.1 mm, and the percentage of strong seedlings is in the range of 78-79%. Samples 3, 4, 5, on the contrary, are characterized by the maximum number of microcracks in the range from 2.73 to 4.98 pcs. per 100 seeds, they are also characterized by reduced sprout length (from 17.5 to 23.8 mm) and a reduced proportion of strong seedlings (from 44 to 65%).

As a result of a decrease in microtrauma, the yield of sown crops increases, the seeding rate per unit area decreases by two to three times. For example: for wheat and barley at the existing seeding rate of 4.5 million units. 0.6-1.5 million pieces are required per 1 ha. seeds prepared by this method, taking into account the degree of their tillering. In this regard, the consumption of pesticides for pre-sowing seed treatment is reduced to the same extent.

Industrial applicability.

The advantage of the proposed line and method is to reduce the level of seed injury, increase the productivity of the technological line and the quality of seed preparation.

The increase in the productivity of the line and method occurs due to a reduction in the time for equipment changeover when switching from one variety (crop) to another, with simultaneous cleaning of the line (complex), which excludes variety mixing, as well as the use of wire sieves instead of perforated ones.

The inventive method and line will find application in agriculture for post-harvest processing and preparation for sowing in the soil of seeds mainly of cereals, legumes, cereals, corn, sunflower and other oilseeds.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION.

1. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2191639 Method for separating grain mixtures (Application: 2000130408; IPC A01F 12/44. Published: 27.10.2002).

2. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2609248. Seed cleaning line (application 2014149791; IPC A01F 12/44. Published: 01/31/2017).

3. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2340410 Seed-cleaning line (application No. 2006143511; IPC A01F 12/44. Published on 10.12.2008).

4. Utility model patent No. 81660 Resheto Fadeev (application 2008131521/22, IPC B07B 1/46. Published: 03/07/2009. Status: not valid).

5. Utility model patent No. 91059 Noriya (application 2009136130, IPC B65G 17/00. Published: 01/27/2010. Status: not valid).

6. Internet resource https://klen-agro.rf/kompleks-podgotovki-semyan.html (Published on 08/30/2019) - the closest analogue.

Claims (13)

1. A line for preparing seeds for sowing into the soil, containing in series: a primary cleaning unit; main cleaning unit; calibration block; pneumosorting unit; dressing block with low-speed elevators providing non-traumatic transportation of seeds, characterized in that each of the primary cleaning, main cleaning, calibration blocks contain drum separators with drums with a diameter of more than 1.0 m and with non-traumatic wire sieves; wherein the primary cleaning unit includes sequentially located receiving device, non-traumatic elevator, aspirator and drum separator with non-traumatic sieves; the main cleaning unit includes a non-traumatic elevator and a drum separator with non-traumatic sieves; calibration unit, which includes a non-traumatic elevator and a drum separator with non-traumatic sieves; the pneumatic sorting unit is equipped with a non-traumatic elevator and a device for separating seeds by density; the dressing unit is equipped with a non-traumatic bucket elevator and a drum-type dresser; at the same time, the non-traumatic wire sieve is a rectangular structure, curved transversely according to the shape of the drum, and consists of multiple transverse and longitudinal bars welded around the perimeter to a wire of the same section and to each other at the intersections, while the transverse bars act as a base, and from below longitudinal bars are welded to them, so that the transverse bars rise above the longitudinal bars to ensure the tedding of seeds and the direction of its movement along the drum, while the bars are made of steel wire with a diameter of 2 mm, the distance between the transverse bars is no more than 30 mm, and between longitudinal bars from 1.7 mm to 12 mm; at the same time, the separator drum contains sections consisting of a set of non-traumatic wire sieves, with parameters corresponding to a certain degree of cleaning of the seed heap, and the drum itself, to eliminate vibrations, is placed on belts passed through drive bearing rollers connected to the drum rotation electric drive, and from the outside drum around the circumference, two sides are installed to limit the lateral displacement of the drive belts; at the same time, the release of cleaned seeds is equipped with a curved outlet of circular cross section with a rotary device; at the same time, there are openings on the drum, closed by roller shutters, for servicing the inner part of the drum; at the same time, the bucket of a low-speed non-traumatic elevator is a rectangular container, divided along the sloping bottom into two parts: the upper one, consisting of the back wall, bottom, side walls, stiffeners, and the lower one, consisting of side walls and the reverse side of the bottom, while on the back wall there are supporting elements that form a gap between the bucket and the belt of the elevator, and the back wall is made with a bend away from the traction body of the bucket elevator; while the lower part of the bucket is made wider than the upper. 2. A method of preparing seeds for sowing in the soil, including the following steps: primary cleaning; basic cleaning; calibration; pneumatic sorting; dressing, providing non-traumatic transportation of seeds, characterized in that each of the stages of primary cleaning, main cleaning, calibration is carried out on drum separators with drums with a diameter of more than 1.0 m and with non-traumatic wire sieves; at the same time, the primary cleaning stage is carried out through a sequentially located receiving device, a non-traumatic elevator, an aspirator and a drum separator with non-traumatic sieves; the main cleaning stage is carried out through a non-traumatic elevator and a drum separator with non-traumatic sieves; the calibration stage is carried out through a non-traumatic elevator and a drum separator with non-traumatic sieves with separation of seeds according to performance; the stage of pneumatic sorting is carried out through a non-traumatic elevator and a device for separating seeds by density; the dressing stage is carried out through a non-traumatic elevator and a drum-type dresser; at the same time, the stages of primary cleaning, main cleaning, calibration are carried out using non-traumatic wire sieves, which are a rectangular structure, curved transversely according to the shape of the drum, consisting of a plurality of parallel longitudinal bars of a round cross section, welded at the ends to bars of the same section and to transverse bars in the zone of their mutual intersection, and the longitudinal bars are welded from below to the transverse bars so that the transverse bars rise above the longitudinal bars, providing tedding of the grain and the direction of its movement along the drum, and the transverse bars are welded at the ends to the bars of the same section; while the bars are made of steel wire with a diameter of 2 mm, the distance between the transverse bars is not more than 30 mm, and between the longitudinal bars from 1.7 mm to 12 mm; at the same time, the stages of primary cleaning, main cleaning, calibration are carried out using a drum separator containing sections consisting of a set of non-traumatic wire sieves, with parameters corresponding to a certain degree of grain cleaning, and the drum itself is placed on belts passed through drive carrier rollers to eliminate vibrations connected to the drum rotation electric drive, and on the outer side of the drum, two sides are installed around the circumference to limit the lateral displacement of the drive belts; at the same time, the release of cleaned seeds from the drum is carried out through a curved outlet of circular cross section with a rotary device; at the same time, the method is carried out using a low-speed non-traumatic elevator, during which the seed heap from the outlet of the hopper is poured into the upper part of the bucket, when the bucket moves up, the bend on the back wall of the bucket away from the traction element of the bucket elevator protects against spilling of individual seeds from the bucket, and on when the elevator is turned, the bucket overturns and the seed heap is smoothly poured onto the lower part of the previous bucket, sliding along the reverse side of the bottom, without hitting, it enters the block of the next stage of seed processing, and thanks to the support elements on the rear wall of the bucket, which forms a gap between the bucket and the elevator belt when By turning the elevator, accidentally spilled seeds, falling into the space between the bucket and the belt of the elevator, without being injured, freely fall down into the conveyor, from where they are easily removed and sent back to the bucket elevator. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the seed heap after direct combining with a combine prepared for harvesting seed plots is unloaded into a dump truck or storage hopper designed for cleaning seed plots, and the seed heap is unloaded directly above the receiving device.

Images