RU2753035C1 - Propeller with changing blades - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the fields of aviation and shipbuilding, in particular to structures of ship and air propulsion systems. The propeller contains distribution housing, a shaft with a gear for receiving rotation from a power take-off shaft or from an internal combustion engine. In the housing, on the axis, the central conical wheel sits freely, relative to the axis of which the distribution housing together with the blades can rotate. From the central wheel, the movement is transmitted along the intermediate shafts in tapered pairs to the shaft, which is installed in a bearing housing rigidly mounted on the distribution housing. The rotor rigidly sits on the shaft with pairwise located lugs directed inward, in the holes of which the axles are rigidly seated, in the middle of which the central sections are rigidly installed, and along the edges the remaining sections are free. The end sections are equipped with levers with a roller, a disk rigidly sits on the shaft housing, on which cams are rigidly mounted with the ability of adjustment. The rollers, together with the levers, rolling on the cams, turn the extreme sections by a certain angle, and they, in turn, pull the rest of the sections. The blades consist of separate sections and work like a fan - they open in the working phase and rake in water or air with an increased area.

EFFECT: provided is improvement of the object's maneuverability.

9 cl, 13 dwg

Description

State of the art

The author is not aware of the sources of scientific, technical and patent information containing information about similar technical solutions that have signs similar to those, as well as properties that coincide with the properties of the proposed solution, therefore, it can be considered that it has significant differences that make it possible to create new ones in practical implementation. variable blade propellers for the aircraft and shipbuilding industries.

The prototype of this solution is patent RU 2667670. C2, 06.07.2016.

The disadvantage of the prototype, in comparison with the proposed solution, is that there is no possibility of turning the distributor housing together with the blades by 360 ° or more, and in the proposed one there is, which contributes to an increase in the maneuverability of water transport and aircraft.

During the search, patents were analyzed:

RF 2117603, 25.06.1996

RU 2317225. С2, 20.02.2008

RF 2369520, 10.10.2009

RU 2516957. С2, 23.02.2010

RF 2412082, 20.02.2011

RF 2441806, 10.02.2012

RF 2469906, 20.12.2013.

Image Description

The propeller contains a distributor housing, a bracket with a shaft with a gear to obtain rotation of the blade, power take-off, for example, from an internal combustion engine, in the housing on the axis freely sits, for example, a central bevel wheel, relative to the axis of which the distributor housing together with the blades can rotate by some angle or 360 ° and more, depending on the version. From the central wheel or from the power take-off shaft, the movement is transmitted along the intermediate shafts in tapered pairs to the shaft, which sits in the bearing housing, rigidly mounted on the housing; at the end of the shaft, the rotor is rigidly seated with paired bearings directed inward, in the holes of which the axles sit rigidly , in the middle of which the central sections are rigidly installed, and along the edges the remaining sections are free, and the extreme sections are equipped with levers with rollers. A disk rigidly sits on the shaft housing, on which cams and rollers are rigidly and adjustable, rolling along the cams, running onto the protrusions and valleys of the cams, together with the levers, rotate the extreme sections by a certain angle, they, in turn, pull the rest sequentially. The blades consist of separate sections and work like a fan - in the working phase they open and rake in water or air with an increased area, as a result, the efficiency of the propeller increases.

Constant contact of the roller with the cam is ensured by a spring, but depending on the purpose of the mover, the lever can be equipped with an additional roller moving in the groove of the additional cam to prevent the main roller from coming off. In this case, there is no need for a pressure roller spring to the cam.

The propeller can be made working on a horizontal plane, when the shaft rotating the blades is located vertically and can be located on both sides, extending the shaft and on the upper part of the body, creating 4 groups of blades. In (Fig. 1), the propulsion device is shown only with the lower arrangement of the blades, with two groups of blades, and operating on a vertical plane, when the shaft rotating the blades is located horizontally.

To rotate the distribution housing together with the blades relative to the axis of the central wheel, rods are provided, and when using a worm gear for turning the housing with blades, a coupling is provided, to prevent moisture from entering the housing, a flexible sleeve is provided with a groove for rotation. Instead of a power take-off shaft, an electric motor can be used with the use of a unit for changing the speed of the output shaft, on which the blades sit, or without change, in this case the compactness of the propulsion unit increases.

When the propeller is working on a vertical plane, the rotation of the distributor body together with the blades can be carried out, for example, by a worm gear, where the worm wheel rigidly sits on an axis rigidly mounted on it by the distributor body, the body rotation is carried out through a clutch mounted on the worm shaft and connected by a remote control facility management.

Bearing housings are rigidly mounted on the distributor housing on both sides on one axis, and in them the shafts are interconnected by a coupling, receiving rotation through the central wheel, rotors are rigidly mounted at the ends of the shafts, on the axes of which there are blade sections with levers with rollers rigidly sitting on the extreme sections, and running on the cam protrusions, rigidly, with the possibility of adjustment, sitting on a disk rigidly sitting on the bearing housing, open like a fan and rake in water or air with an increased area and such propellers are very compact and can be installed on aircraft from both the sides of the wing with a drive from one source.

When the propulsion unit operates on a horizontal plane and with the possibility of turning the distributor body together with the blades by 360 ° or more, the movement is transmitted from the power take-off shaft through the coupling, the receiving shaft with the central gear, along the bevel pairs and connecting shafts-blades. The receiving shaft sits on bearings in a glass rigidly fixed to the distribution housing, in turn, the glass on sliding bearings is installed in the receiving housing and a disk rigidly mounted on it, a worm wheel rigidly sits on the glass paired with a worm connected through a clutch by a control panel. In the longitudinal direction, the glass is fixed by a ring mounted on its collar, on which the ring mounted on the body abuts, as well as a nut on the glass, abutting the adjusting ring mounted on the disk.

The propeller, made with the possibility of turning the distribution housing, together with the blades, greatly increases the maneuverability of the object on which it is installed, and also, without changing the direction of rotation of the power take-off shaft, reverse. A propulsion device with this capability is relevant for water transport and for aircraft.

A propulsion unit operating on a vertical plane and with the possibility of turning the distributor body together with blades by 360 ° or more and connecting the object along a horizontal plane, a body rigidly fixed to the receiving body is added, a bearing housing is rigidly installed in the body with a shaft sitting on it on bearings and with a gear, rigidly sitting on it and working in tandem with a bevel wheel. The longitudinal position of the nozzle relative to the body is determined by axes with a roller rigidly fixed to the nozzle; for their installation in the body, technological holes and adjusting rings installed in the body are provided.

In order to improve the reliability of the propulsion device, forks are rigidly mounted on the rotor, in the eyes of which in the middle on the axles levers swing freely at one end, in the eyes on the axle the main roller sits freely, rolling along the main cam, rigidly, with the possibility of adjustment, mounted on the disk on the axis of the main cam, for example, an additional roller is installed on the outside, if necessary, located in the groove of the additional cam in the inoperative phase.

At the other end of the lever on the axle, rigidly sitting on it, rods are freely installed, which in turn are connected to spherical hinges with levers rigidly sitting on the bushings of the outer sections, sitting on bearings on the axle, rigidly fixed, for example, by lock washers on the rotor lugs and cotter pins, blade sections are spring loaded with torsion springs. "Pulling" can be, for example, at the swing axis, pins with a shock absorber at the other end are installed in the bushings of the extreme sections from the end, which enters the groove of the next one.

In the places of contact of the sections, when they pull each other, flexible gaskets are provided and the contacts can be in different places at the bushings at the swing axis or at the periphery, from the side, from the end.

On airplanes and helicopters, the propellers can be installed on the wings from below and above, and simultaneously above and below, as well as propellers operating on a horizontal or vertical plane, or in combination, some working on a horizontal plane, some on a vertical one.

As a result of the use of propellers on aircraft - on airplanes, helicopters, airships, disk-type aircraft, and water transport, including submarines, the maneuverability and mobility increase and the efficiency of the propeller increases.

On helicopters, the blades can be installed on the central shaft, where the main lifting blades are outside, and when the propellers are installed on both sides of the wings, they should be called - MACHO HELICOPTERS.

Description of the design "Propeller with variable blades"

The propeller contains a distribution housing 1, installed in a bracket 2, where a shaft with a gear 3 is installed in the bearings, which works in tandem with a central bevel wheel 4, freely sitting on an axis 5. Wheel 4 is connected with bevel gears 6 and 7, rigidly sitting on the shafts 8 and 9, sitting on bearings 10, at the end of the shaft 8, a bevel wheel 11 rigidly sits, connected by a bevel wheel 12 rigidly sitting on the shaft 13, sitting on bearings in the bearing housing 14 rigidly mounted on the housing 1, at the second end of the shaft it rigidly sits rotor 15, with pairwise located lugs directed inward, in the holes of which the axles 16 are rigidly seated, in the middle of which the central sections 17 are rigidly installed, and at the edges the remaining sections are free, and the extreme sections are equipped with levers with rollers 18 and 19, on the body shaft rigidly sits disk 20, on which the cams 21 and 22 are rigidly and adjustable, the cams are installed on both sides of the disk and each cam p Works with its roller lever.

For ease of assembly, there are grooves at the corners of the bracket and bushings 23 and 24 are provided, fixed in the ears, to prevent moisture from entering the housing 1 and for the possibility of rotation, a flexible bushing 25 is provided, to rotate the housing 1, rods 26 are provided, the direction of rotation of the blades is indicated by the letters V and W.

When the propeller is working on the vertical plane, the rotation of the distributor housing together with the blades can be carried out, for example, with a worm gear, where the worm wheel 27 rigidly sits on the axis 28 rigidly mounted on it of the distributor housing 1, the rotation of the housing is carried out from the clutch 29 mounted on the worm gear shaft connected to the control panel. Shafts 30 and 31, transmitting rotation from the central wheel to the blades, are connected by a coupling 32 and mounted on bearings in bearing housings 33 and 34.

When the propeller is working on a horizontal plane and with the possibility of turning the distributor body by 360 ° or more, the movement is transmitted from the power take-off shaft through the coupling 35, the receiving shaft 36 of the central gear 37. The receiving shaft 36 sits on bearings in a glass 38 rigidly fixed to the distribution housing 1, in turn, the glass on sliding bearings 39 and 40 is installed in the receiving housing 41 and the disk 42 rigidly mounted on it, the worm wheel 43 rigidly sits on the glass, paired with the worm 44, connected through the clutch 45 by the control panel, in the longitudinal direction the glass is fixed by a ring 46 mounted on the collar of the glass, on which the ring 47, mounted on the body, abuts, as well as a nut 48 on the glass, abutting against the ring 49 mounted on the disk 42.

When the propulsion unit operates on a vertical plane and with the ability to rotate the distributor body together with the blades by 360 ° or more, and when connecting to the object along the horizontal plane, the following has been added: housing 50 rigidly fixed to the receiving housing 41, bearing housing 51 with a shaft is rigidly installed in the housing 50 52, sitting on it on bearings and with gear 37 rigidly sitting on it, working in tandem with a bevel wheel 53.

The longitudinal position of the nozzle 38 relative to the body 41 is determined by the axes with rollers 54 rigidly fixed to the nozzle and for their installation in the body there are technological holes and adjusting rings 55 and 56 mounted on the body.

In order to improve the reliability of the propulsion unit, the blade sections are opened due to the fork 57, rigidly mounted on the rotor 15, in the eyes of which in the middle on the axles 58 the levers 59 swing freely, at one end in the eyes on the axis 60 the main roller 61, rolling along the cam 62, freely sits. , rigidly, with the possibility of adjustment, installed on the disk 63, on the axis 60 is installed an additional roller 64, which is in the groove of the additional cam 65 in the inoperative phase. At the other end of the lever on the axle 66, rods 67 and 68 are freely installed, which in turn are connected through a spherical joint 69 with the levers 70 and 71, rigidly sitting on the bushings 72 and 73, of the extreme sections sitting on the axles 16 on bearings 74, the axle 16 locked in the rotor 15 with a lock washer 75 cottered with a cotter pin 76, the sections are spring-loaded with springs 77. Pulling the section can be, for example, at the axis 16 in the bushings in some sections pins 78 with a flexible sleeve 79 are installed, in others the grooves where the pin with the sleeve enters and drags or pulls up the blade sections, for which shock-absorbing pads 80 are provided at the contact points, if necessary, the lever can be spring-loaded with a spring 81.

Explanation of drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

FIG. 1 - shows a general view of the propulsion unit operating on a horizontal plane with a partial cut-out of the body and rotor for clarity.

FIG. 2 - the same, top view with a partial cutout of the bracket for clarity, where the direction of rotation of the blades is indicated by the letters V and W.

FIG. 3 shows a general view of a propulsion device operating on a vertical plane with a partial cut-out of the body and rotor for clarity.

Figure 4 is the same, top view.

FIG. 5 shows a general view of a propulsion device operating on a horizontal plane, capable of rotating the housing with blades by 360 ° or more, with a vertical section through the turning unit.

Fig. 6 is the same top view.

FIG. 7 - shows an incomplete vertical section of a general view of the propulsion device operating on a vertical plane, made with the possibility of rotation by 360 ° or more, with a connection with an object in a horizontal plane, for which an additional housing and a receiving shaft with a bevel gear are added, as well as a rotation of the section blades are carried out by means of the levers swinging on the axis of the fork installed in the eyes, rigidly mounted on the rotor, at one end of the lever there is a main roller rolling along the cam, the other end is connected to the rods pivotally connected to the levers mounted on the extreme sections of the blades.

FIG. 8 is the same, top view with a partial cut of the body for clarity.

FIG. 9 - the same, View A.

FIG. 10 - the same, section B-B, rotated.

FIG. 11 - the same, section Г-Г.

FIG. 12 - the same, View D.

FIG. 13 - the same, node I.

Claims (9)

1. The propeller contains a distribution housing, a shaft with a gear for receiving rotation from the power take-off shaft, or from an internal combustion engine, or from an electric motor, while in the housing on the axis a central bevel wheel sits freely, about the axis of which the distribution housing together with the blades can rotate , increasing the maneuverability of the object, from the central wheel the movement is transmitted along the intermediate shafts in tapered pairs to the shaft, which is installed in the bearing housing, rigidly mounted on the distribution housing, characterized in that the rotor is rigidly mounted on the shaft with pairwise located lugs directed inward, in the holes of which the axles sit rigidly, in the middle of which the central sections are rigidly mounted, and along the edges the remaining sections are free, and the extreme sections are equipped with levers with a roller, a disk rigidly sits on the shaft housing, on which cams and rollers are rigidly installed with the possibility of adjustment, together with levers, rolling on fists , turn the extreme sections by a certain angle, they, in turn, drag the rest in sequence, the blades consist of separate sections and work like a fan - they open in the working phase and rake in water or air with an increased area. 2. The propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to rotate the distribution housing together with the blades by 360 ° or more relative to the axis of the shaft with the central bevel gear. 3. The propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with additional forks rigidly mounted on the rotor, in the eyes of which the levers are freely installed in the middle on the axles, at one end on the axle the main rollers are freely installed, which, rolling along the cam, lead to an oscillating movement of the levers, at the other end of the levers on the axles, rigidly sitting on it, rods are freely installed, which, in turn, are connected by spherical hinges with levers rigidly mounted on the extreme sections of the blades. 4. A mover according to claim 3, characterized in that the levers mounted on the end sections are located on different sides of the swing axis. 5. The mover of claim. 3, characterized in that the levers are bent. 6. The mover of claim. 3, characterized in that the lever is equipped with an additional roller moving in the groove of the additional cam to prevent separation of the main roller from the cam. 7. The propulsion device according to claim 1, characterized in that a flexible bushing is provided in the housing to prevent moisture from entering the housing, and a groove for the drive shaft is made in the housing for rotation. 8. The mover according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to operate on a horizontal or vertical plane. 9. The propulsion unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to receive rotation from the electric motor with the use of a unit for changing the speed of the output shaft or without changing, on which the blades sit.

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