RU2749064C1 - Forage harvesting device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device includes a frame 1 with a lower beam 2 and an upper beam 3, sidewalls 4, attachments 39 of the linkage mechanism 40 to the vehicle 41 and a screen 35, in front of which are installed rollers 6 with disks 8 having projections 15 with curved sections 16 and straight sections 17, separated by intermediate rings 9, additional intermediate rings 10, located in pairs on adjacent rollers 6, made with equal height between each other and provided with pins 27. Screen 35 is installed at an angle to rolls 6 and is equipped with an unloading hole 36 with a loader 37 installed between the screen 35 and vehicle 41. On the frame 1 there are cleaners 34 of the rollers 6, made in the form of vertical plates installed at an angle to the intermediate rings 9. Additional intermediate rings 10 are made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch and a height equal to the height of the discs 8 and intermediate rings 9. Discs 8 are made composite with the formation of a cavity inside the disc 8 and are equipped with replaceable rims 21, copying their shape. The sections of the replaceable rim 21 corresponding to the straight sections 17 of the projections 15 of the disc 8 have notches 23.

EFFECT: invention improves efficiency of the forage harvesting device.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for cutting, grinding long-stemmed fodder crops and preparing fodder.

Known combine harvester for harvesting amaranth, containing a housing, cutting devices, in the form of vertical drive shafts with discs and blades, a transport device, a stalk chopper, removable spacers (Patent for utility model RU No. 147550, class A01D 45/30, 2014 ).

The disadvantage of the known header is the lack of efficiency when harvesting forage directly in the field.

This disadvantage is due to the following. The known header is intended for harvesting the grain part of the plant, and the crushing of the leafy mass is an accompanying process that ensures the separation of the panicles of the plant from the stem, and simplifies the process of harvesting the non-grain part of the plant. The use of the cutter device of the known header for harvesting forage directly in the field will lead to a violation of the quality of the harvested forage due to non-compliance with the requirements for the 20-30 mm chopping module.

Known rotary mineral crusher (Rotating mineral breaker), containing parallel drums with protrusions (US No. 7644882 B2).

The disadvantage of the known crusher of minerals is its inoperability during the operation of harvesting feed directly in the field.

This disadvantage is due to the following. The known device is a stationary grinder and its use for grinding long-stemmed feed directly in the field without making structural changes is not possible. In addition, the working surface of the device is represented not only by one pair of drums, but by their chain, since the crushed material passes from the first drum to the extreme one, it is impossible to consider a pair of drums separately.

Known feed grinder containing a frame parallel to each other screws, the screws are made of discs, the edges of the discs are made with protrusions (Patent for utility model RU No. 172239, class A01F 29/00, 2017).

The disadvantage of the known grinder is its inoperability during the operation of harvesting feed directly in the field.

This disadvantage is due to the following. The known device is a stationary grinder and its use for grinding long-stemmed feed directly in the field without making structural changes is not possible.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a shredder containing a frame including the lower and upper beams, fastening the hitching mechanism to the vehicle and the screen, rollers having disks with protrusions that have curved and straight sections separated by intermediate rings, additional intermediate rings located in pairs on adjacent rollers with pins (Patent for utility model RU No. 144351, class В02С 4/02, 2014 - prototype).

The disadvantages of the known shredder, taken as a prototype, are high weight, wear of discs, insufficient unreliability of the design of additional intermediate rings with pins, insufficient tightening ability, inability of the device to collect crushed plant matter for the purpose of harvesting feed, lack of elements for cleaning the rollers.

These disadvantages are due to the following.

The screen of the known device is installed vertically, which, when the plant mass sticks, can make it difficult to move it to the bottom of the screen.

The known device is adapted for utilization of the crushed plant mass by mixing with the upper soil layer and does not have the ability to collect or transport the crushed plant mass.

The chopped crop can stick to the drums and make it difficult for the crop that has not yet been chopped to pass through.

Additional intermediate rings of the known device are rigidly fixed on the roller shaft, while the stem is not chopped to the entire thickness of the stem in one pass of the protrusion, the pins are unable to release the stem and try to push it further. Such impact can lead to breakage of pins or seizure of the installation.

The discs of the known shredder are made of solid metal, which significantly increases the mass of the rollers and the energy consumption for unwinding the rollers and moving the device across the field.

The protrusions of the discs are subject to wear, as they are in the most severe working conditions in relation to other parts of the disc. The wear of the disc protrusion requires replacing the entire disc regardless of the condition of the other protrusions on the disc and parts of the disc.

The straight part of the disc protrusion is made smooth, which reduces the tightening ability.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the forage harvesting device, a decrease in material consumption, an increase in the resource and an increase in the reliability of the work of parts, the collection of crushed plant mass for the preparation of forage.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a forage device containing a frame with lower and upper beams, sidewalls, mountings of the hitching mechanism for the vehicle and a screen, in front of which there are rollers with disks having protrusions with curved and rectilinear sections, separated by intermediate rings, additional intermediate rings arranged in pairs on adjacent rollers, made with equal height between each other and equipped with pins, according to the invention, the screen is installed at an angle to the rollers, which reflects the chopped plant mass down, and is equipped with an unloading opening with a loader installed between the screen and the vehicle, while on the frame there are roller cleaners made in the form of vertical plates installed at an angle to the intermediate rings to ensure the removal of the crushed plant mass from the roller zone, and additional intermediate rings are made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch and a height then, equal to the height of the discs and intermediate rings, and the discs are made composite with the formation of a cavity inside the disc and are equipped with replaceable rims that copy their shape, and the sections of the replaceable rim corresponding to the rectilinear sections of the disc protrusions have notches.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is due to the fact that due to a new set of features, namely:

- installation of roll cleaners in the form of vertical plates at an angle to the intermediate rings, which ensure the withdrawal of adhering crushed plant mass from the roll zone and direct it to the exit, to the lower part of the grinder;

- performing the intermediate ring as a ratchet overrunning clutch that allows the pins to rotate relative to the drum shaft under a certain load in such a way that the stem captured by the pins remains constantly pressed against the working surface until it is crushed without undue effort;

- making the discs composite with the formation of a cavity inside, allowing to reduce the mass of the roller, energy costs for unwinding the roller and moving the grinder across the field;

- installation of the screen at an angle that ensures the reflection of the crushed plant mass downward, facilitates the descent of the crushed mass and prevents excessive adhesion to the screen;

- supply of the screen with an unloading opening with a loader, allowing to collect and unload the crushed mass;

- installation of a replaceable rim, copying the shape of the disc, to prevent wear of the protrusions on the disc itself;

- execution of sections of the removable rim corresponding to the straight sections of the disc protrusions, with notches, allowing to increase the tightening ability of the grinder due to the penetration of the notches into the upper layer of the plant stem,

the achievement of the technical result is ensured, which consists in increasing the efficiency of the grinder, reducing the consumption of materials, increasing the resource and increasing the reliability of the parts, collecting the crushed plant mass for harvesting feed.

Analysis of the properties of a new set of features of the claimed technical solution in comparison with the prototype and analogues showed that it is unknown from the prior art and provides new properties that are not inherent in each feature separately, which corresponds to the inventive step.

Industrial applicability is due to the fact that the fodder harvesting device is efficient and can be used for the preparation of fodder.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a feed preparation device, side view; in fig. 2 shows the forage device, in a stepped section, in perspective, in view A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 shows a composite disc with a replaceable rim, in perspective; in fig. 4 shows a diagram of an additional intermediate ring, in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch.

The fodder harvesting device includes a frame 1 containing a lower beam 2, an upper beam 3, sidewalls 4 and partitions 5. In the lower beam 2 and upper beam 3, rollers 6 are installed, consisting of a shaft 7, discs 8, intermediate rings 9 and additional intermediate rings 10 (Fig. 1).

Discs 8, intermediate rings 9 and additional intermediate rings 10 are made of equal height and are installed on the shaft 7. Discs 8 on each roller 6 are installed through intermediate rings 9 so that the discs 8 of the adjacent roller 6 enter the gap between the discs 8 of the other roller 6. Additional intermediate rings 10 are installed in pairs on each of the rollers 6 involved in grinding.

The disks 8 are made up of a base 11 with an outer bead 12, an inner bead 13 and a cover 14 with the formation of a cavity inside the disks 8. On the outer bead 12 there are projections 15 with curved sections 16 and rectilinear sections 17. The inner bead 13 forms a bore 18 of the disk 8 on the shaft 7. The outer bead 12 and the inner bead 13 have grooves 19 for mounting the cover 14. The cover 14 is installed in the grooves 19 and forms a sealed cavity inside the disk 8 (Fig. 3). The curved portions 16 of the projections 15 have threaded holes 20.

The discs 8 are equipped with replaceable rims 21 that copy their shape. Moreover, the sections of the replaceable rim 21 corresponding to the curved sections 16 of the projections 15 of the disc 8 have through holes 22, and the sections of the replaceable rim 21 corresponding to the straight sections 17 of the projections 15 of the disc 8 have notches 23. The replaceable rim 21 is installed on the disc 8 and is fixed with bolts 24 , through the through holes 22, in the threaded holes 20 on the curved sections 16 of the projections 15 of the disc 8.

Additional intermediate rings 10 are made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch and consist of an outer cage 25 and an inner cage 26. Outside the outer cage 25, pins 27 are fixed, and inside there are toothed grooves 28. The inner cage 26 has a hole 29 for landing on the shaft 7, pressure plates 30, connected to the inner cage 26 by an elastic element 31 working in compression, mounted on the axles 32 with the possibility of rotation. The shape of the end face 33 of the pressure plate 30 copies the shape of the toothed groove 28 of the outer casing 25 (Fig. 4).

The rollers 6 are equipped with cleaners 34 in the form of vertical plates installed on the sidewalls 4 and partitions 5 at an angle to the intermediate rings 9, providing the output of the crushed plant mass from the zone of the rollers 6. The partitions 5 separate the pairs of rollers 6 participating in the grinding.

The frame 1 is equipped with a screen 35 installed behind the rollers 6 at an angle, providing a reflection of the chopped plant mass downward. The screen 35 in its lower part has an unloading opening 36 connected to a loader 37 installed behind a screen 35 with an unloading sleeve 38 (the loader can be made with a structure, for example, as a grain thrower (https://aktivpromplus.ru/produkciya/zernometateli). 1 has fasteners 39 of the linkage mechanism 40 on the vehicle 41. On the upper beam 3 are mounted hydraulic motors 42, which drive the rollers 6 into operation (Fig. 2).

The forage device works as follows. Preliminarily, the frame 1 of the device is frontally hung onto the vehicle 41 using the fasteners 39 on it using the linkage mechanism 40 (Fig. 1). When entering the field, the hydraulic motors 42 drive the rollers 6 into operation. Since the discs 8 are made composite with the formation of a cavity inside the disc 8, this significantly reduces their weight, as a result, the energy consumption for unwinding the rollers 6 is reduced, and the efficiency of the hydraulic motors 42 increases. The pairs of rollers 6 rotate towards each other.

The vehicle 41 with the device starts to move and the rollers 6 with pins 27 grab the plants that are near the surface, standing vertically or with an inclination, and press them against the surface of the discs 8. The notches 23 on the replaceable rim 21 of the disc 8 are introduced into the surface of the plant stem and the sections of the replaceable rim 21 corresponding to the straight sections 17 of the projections 15 of the disc 8 begin to grind it along its entire length, pinching off its parts and pulling it into the gaps between the discs 8 (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).

At the moment of pressing the pins 27 of the plant stem to the discs 8, a force is generated on the additional intermediate ring 10, made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch. When the clamping force of the pin 27 reaches a maximum, the pressure plates 30 compress the elastic elements 31 and the pins 27 are turned off (the rotation of the inner cage 26 relative to the outer cage 25). When the pressing force decreases, the elastic element 31 is released and the pins 27 are put into operation (the end face 33 of the pressure plate 30 wedges in the next toothed groove 28, while the plant stem is crushed and does not interfere with the pins 27 to rotate to grip and press the next stem) (Fig. four).

The crushed plant mass due to the rotation of the rollers 6 is fed to the screen 35, which reflects it down to the discharge opening 36. The cleaners 34 in the form of vertical plates clean the crushed mass from the intermediate rings 9 and remove it from the zone of the rollers 6 (Fig. 2). The crushed plant mass through the unloading opening 36 enters the loader 37. The loader 37 through the unloading arm 38 feeds the crushed plant mass, for example, into a trolley running in parallel (not shown in the figures). After that, the crushed plant mass is transported to the place of harvesting juicy forage / silage without additional crushing.

During maintenance of the device, as wear occurs, the replaceable rims 21 are replaced, which prevent wear of the projections 15 on the disks 8 themselves.

The use of the invention will increase the tightening ability of the feed preparation device, reduce material consumption, increase the resource and increase the reliability of the parts, clean the rollers and collect the crushed plant mass for the preparation of feed.

Claims (1)

A fodder harvesting device containing a frame with lower and upper beams, sidewalls, attachments of the hitching mechanism to the vehicle and a screen, in front of which there are rollers with disks having protrusions with curved and straight sections, separated by intermediate rings, additional intermediate rings located in pairs on adjacent rollers , made with equal height between themselves and equipped with pins, characterized in that the screen is installed at an angle to the rollers, which reflects the chopped plant mass down, and is equipped with an unloading hole with a loader installed between the screen and the vehicle, while the frame cleaners are located , made in the form of vertical plates installed at an angle to the intermediate rings to ensure the output of the crushed plant mass from the zone of the rollers, and additional intermediate rings are made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch and a height equal to the height of the discs and intermediate to rings, and the discs are made composite with the formation of a cavity inside the disc and are equipped with replaceable rims that copy their shape, and the sections of the replaceable rim corresponding to the straight sections of the disc protrusions have notches.

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