RU2616944C2 - Sound barrier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: sound barrier contains a foundation, plinth part, bearing base in the form of transverse struts and longitudinal profiles, a sound-reflecting back panel, sound-transparent front panel and sound-absorbing panels. The sound-absorbing panels are designed as separate blocked container-type modules container type structural modules presented by body cavitary containers of automobile storage batteries with dismantled covers and elastic sound-absorbing membranes mounted on the battery necks. The cavitary bodies are filled with a porous sound-absorbing material presented in the form of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements shaped in monolithic porous sound-absorbing structures using respective adhesive agents and/or sound-transparent shells to form sound tablet absorbers. The separate body modules are mounted in separate compartments of the bearing base. The sound-absorbing elements are made of recyclable sound-absorbing porous aerated fibrous and/or open-pore foamed sound-absorbing materials, and/or nonairated nonporous dense fibrous materials and/or foamed close-pore polymeric materials, and/or other types of nonaerated nonporous dense polymer materials presented by solid recyclable wastes. The necks of the modules are covered with an elastic sound-absorbing membrane.

EFFECT: increased acoustic efficiency.

15 cl, 46 dwg

Description

The invention relates to noise reduction structures and, in particular, to noise-proofing screen elements designed to protect residential areas of settlements from negative noise exposure generated by vehicles, power and industrial equipment installed along roads and railways, airfields, open sections of subway lines, near test sites, noise-active construction and production sites, or any other sources of increased noise emissions qualified as technical objects producing negative acoustic pollution of the environment. In these cases, both people and animals living in residential areas (forests, fields) adjacent to the marked noise-active objects are negatively affected by noise radiation, causing, inter alia, disruption of the processes of their pairing and productive reproduction.

Due to the fact that the direct functional purpose of the claimed technical device is to protect residential areas from negative noise pollution, the terminological name is adopted as a noise shield (hereinafter - SHZ). This type of technical device, as a rule, is installed on appropriate foundation foundations in the immediate vicinity of the source (sources) of noise radiation and contains power supporting elements in the form of vertical posts and horizontal profiles, on which are mounted flat or curved soundproof and sound-absorbing panels made of various structural materials.

Descriptions of some of the typical designs of SCEs used to reduce acoustic pollution are given, in particular, in [1,2].

[1] Transport noise. Translation from English K.G. Bomstein edited by V.E. Tolsky, G.N. Butakova and B.N. Melnikova, Transport, 1995, 368 pp.

[2] Tyurina N.V. Calculation and design of acoustic screens. Materials of the international acoustic conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of E.Ya. Yudina, October 30, 2014 - Ed. A.I. Komkina. - Moscow: MSTU. N.E. Bauman, 2014, p. 289 ... 304.

According to the above descriptions, with the diagrams and photos given in them, it follows that they can be represented as monolithic or collapsible structures made of metal (aluminum, stainless steel, galvanized steel), reinforced with chip-cement (dyurisol, veloks), wooden (impregnated wood), polymethimethacrylate (PMMA). Along with sound-reflecting panel elements, the structure of SHZEs can include sound-absorbing panel elements, as well as various types of translucent panels made of polycarbonate plastic, or gaps are made for free passages with counter-screens to overlap, and / or applied opening soundproof doors, the corresponding load-bearing power and fastening elements, the bearing base of the ShZE, decorative elements are included. The geometric shape of the BZE can be represented by both flat vertical and L-shaped structures, as well as curved and sail-like non-planar forms. Along with the required (specified agreed design requirements) acoustic (noise-reducing) characteristics, the design of the BZE must have acceptable (sufficient) durability strength and stiffness characteristics in order to withstand the negative effects of climatic conditions (atmospheric precipitation, wind and snow loads, seismic effects) possess the required corrosion resistance, fire resistance and aesthetic appearance. According to the source [1], some technical versions of the structural elements of the ШЗЭ are shown in the presented photos on pages 302 ... 304 (Fig. 13 ... 17). The computational schemes used to determine the acoustic (noise-reducing) characteristics of typical designs of SHZ, according to the cited source [2], are given on pages 291 ... 294 (Fig. 2 ... 6). The main and most important drawback of this type of known typical technical solutions is the lack of effective sound-absorbing elements in the structure of the BECs that do not provide an acceptable high irreversible dissipative conversion (dissipation) of the energy of the incident low-frequency sound waves into thermal energy. In many cases, it is precisely a significant fraction of the low-frequency sound energy that is distributed that is re-emitted (in some cases, amplified) by the translucent and / or dynamically excited composite structural elements of the BEC. At the same time, a significant proportion of sound energy is freely distributed through the upper part (upper edge) of the ShZE to the inhabited (residential) territories adjacent to the ShZE. To the greatest extent, the design flaws of the known SHZ technical devices are manifested precisely in the low-frequency sound range, the energy absorption efficiency in which, for known typical SHZ designs, is quite low, and this type of SHZ design is essentially sound-transparent and ineffective.

According to the source [2], the acoustic efficiency (noise-reducing efficiency) of the BEC increases by 3 dB with an increase in the frequency of sound per octave (ie 2 times) and, accordingly, decreases by 3 dB - with a decrease in the frequency of sound per octave (t .e. 2 times). In this case, the dependence of acoustic efficiency on the overall height of the SCE is non-linear. With an increase in the height of the BZE from 1 m to 2 m, the acoustic efficiency increases by 3 dB, from 2 m to 3 m by 2 dB, from 5 m to 6 m by 1 dB and, thus, significantly slows down. The installation on the front surface of the ShZE plane-sheet layer of a porous sound-absorbing material with a sound absorption coefficient of 0.4 ... 0.8 - allows you to increase the acoustic efficiency of the ShZE by 2 ... 7 dB. L-shaped structures of the BEC of identical height and structure of materials in comparison with the BEC of a flat vertical design provide an additional increase in acoustic efficiency up to 3 dB (see [2]).

From the US patent for the invention US 4007919 (published 02.15.1977), the European patent for the invention EP 0213521 (published 08.16.1986), the French patent for the invention FR 2780074 (published 19.06.1998), the German patent for the invention DE 10159160 (published 26.06. 2003), the international application for the invention WO 2007/120061 (published January 25, 2007) it is known to use various types and technical designs of this type of shielding structures, qualified in the form of the declared soundproofing, sound absorbing, soundproofing, acoustic soundproofing screens - SHZE.

From the German patent for the invention DE 19804862 (published on 10.10.1998), the German patent for the invention DE 10251506 (published on July 22, 2004), the European patent on the invention EP 1031671 (published on 08.30.2000), the British patent on the invention GB 2251256 (published on 01.07. 1992), US patent for the invention US 5942736 (published on 08.24.1999), the typical designs of the SHZ are known, comprising vertical racks and horizontal profiles, a rear sound-reflecting panel made of a dense structural material and perforated sk oznymi or holes appropriately shaped bezel (e.g., zigzag profile limb or slotted perforation holes) arranged with a predetermined air gap with respect to a reflecting rear panel. As a result, these designs of this type of SHE form both sound-reflecting and resonant noise-reducing structures formed by the sets of formed open resonator necks and closed chambers (Helmholtz acoustic resonators), which make it possible to achieve a certain degree of absorption of the energy of incident sound waves tuned to a relatively narrow frequency range. . The narrow-band frequency range of sound absorption of this type of technical device is their significant drawback for the options for the necessary broadband damping of typical broadband (characterized by a wide frequency band of sound radiation) sources - as follows from [1]. There are also possible structural variants of the SHZ with the arrangement in the cavity formed between two panels (rear sound-reflecting and sound-transparent front) of families of oversized acoustic resonator chambers, each of which provides a different tuned noise reduction effect, recorded in separate different frequency ranges of sound (noise) ) spectrum. However, of this type, the indicated types of SHZE designs, for possible dimensional and layout reasons that are practicable in practice, have not enough broadband effects of sound energy absorption in the required frequency range. In particular, there are very limited possibilities for expanding them due to the practical use of a small number of such types of small dimensions that differ in the frequency tuning of narrow-band acoustic resonator cameras. In most cases, this does not sufficiently reduce negative noise radiation, in particular, from vehicles and / or noise-related industrial and energy equipment generated in a fairly wide and, first of all, allocated in the spectrum, low-frequency sound range, perceived the human ear.

For a possible extension of the frequency range of effective damping of sound energy in the descriptions of a German patent for invention DE 3012514 (published on 10.10.1981), European patent for invention EP 1077446 (published on 02.21.2001), US application for invention US 2003/0006090 (published on 01.01.2003 ), the international application for the invention WO 2007/140728 (published December 13, 2007), proposes for use various combined designs of BZEs, in which in the cavity formed by the rear sound-reflecting panel and the front sound-transparent (perforated) p Anel, is placed a monolithic flat-sheet sound-absorbing panel made mainly of porous sound-absorbing fibrous material based on natural, synthetic or mineral fibers. At the same time, the indicated sound-absorbing panel can be mounted on the upper horizontal profile of the screen, using the appropriate mechanical fasteners, with the subsequent formation of a predetermined air gap relative to the front sound-transparent and rear sound-reflecting panels, which allows to increase the absorption efficiency of low-frequency sound. There are also options for backlash-free mounting of flat sound-absorbing panels on the surface of the rear sound-reflecting panel using sticky adhesive adhesive coating. To exclude possible contamination and getting into the porous structure of a flat-sheet sound-absorbing panel of atmospheric precipitation, small amorphous particles, moisture, operating fluids, its front surface (in some cases, end surfaces) is lined with an external protective sound-transparent layer of a gas-impermeable film or fabric.

The disadvantage of the technical solutions discussed above is, first of all, the insufficiently high acoustic (noise-reducing) efficiency of using this type of monolithic, single-layer, flat-sheet sound-absorbing panel as a part of SHZE designs. This is due to the well-known unsatisfactory sound-absorbing properties of plane-sheet panel structures, characterized by a pronounced abrupt change (sharp mismatch) in the wave resistance of the physical process of propagation of sound waves at the dividing boundary of the plane-surface face layer of the plane-sheet sound-absorbing panel and the adjacent elastic air environment. As a result, this causes a corresponding spasmodic sound-reflecting and, accordingly, reduced sound-absorbing effect, worsening the noise-reducing qualities of the SHE.

The RF patent for the invention RU 2155252, published on 08.27.2000, describes the design of the BZE, which contains load-bearing vertical posts and horizontal profiles, on which noise-reducing modules isolated from each other are mounted. Each of these noise-reducing modules contains a rear sound-reflecting panel, a front sound-transparent panel perforated through holes, a monolithic flat-sheet sound-absorbing panel of fibrous non-woven material (mineral wool). At the same time, a monolithic flat-sheet sound-absorbing panel is mounted on the inner surface of the lower horizontal profile, completely filling the air gap between the rear sound-reflecting and front sound-transparent panels. To exclude structural vibrational excitation and, as a result of this, re-emission of spurious sound energy in the form of a structural sound, the rear sound-reflecting and front sound-transparent panels communicate with the attached SHE elements through the corresponding vibration-damping clamps of a trough-like cross section. Despite the fact that the indicated technical solution to some extent solves the problem of reducing the structural vibrational excitation of the components of the SCE and the subsequent attenuation of the parasitic structural noise emitted by them, the acoustic modules used are not sufficiently effective from the point of view of absorption of medium and high frequency noise transmitted by air through the SHZ from a source (sources) of radiation of sound energy (noise sources) This is due to both the insufficiently high acoustic (noise-reducing) effectiveness of the used porous structure of the material, presented in the form of monolithic flat-sheet sound-absorbing panels, and the weakening of possible realizations of increasing potentials for more effective absorption of sound energy, due to their irrational placement. Also, in the design of the technical device under consideration, diffractive dissipative mechanisms of absorption of sound energy are not sufficiently implemented, arising from the propagation of sound waves at the boundaries of free end peripheral parts (ribs) of noise-reducing modules (perimeter edge zones of the rear sound-reflecting and monolithic flat-sound-absorbing panels). The considered technical solution is also characterized by a relatively high cost and unsatisfactory environmental performance.

, где S_эл - площадь проекции на лицевую поверхность несущей основы меньшей по площади из близлежащих обособленных звукопоглощающих панелей, закрепленных на ней. При этом, ширина воздушного зазора, образованного между лицевыми поверхностями обособленных звукопоглощающих элементов и поверхностью лицевой перфорированной панели, лицевыми поверхностями обособленных звукопоглощающих элементов и поверхностью тыльной звукоотражающей панели находится в диапазоне z=2…20h_зп, где h_зп - толщина обособленных звукопоглощающих панелей, определяемая размерностью сечения перпендикулярного лицевой поверхности несущей основы. Со стороны размещения обособленных звукопоглощающих панелей поверхность шумопонижающего элемента футерована защитным слоем звукопрозрачной газовлагонепроницаемой пленки или ткани.As a prototype, the RF patent for the invention RU 2465390, published on 10.27.2012, which describes the design of a BZE containing load-bearing elements made in the form of transverse struts and longitudinal profiles, a sound-absorbing element located with a given air gap in the cavity between the back sound-reflecting panel and perforated through-holes front soundproof panel. The sound-absorbing element contains a load-bearing base of sheet perforated or mesh type, fixed to horizontal profiles and / or the base of SHE with mechanical fasteners, lined with at least one of its sides, separated by sound-absorbing panels. Separate sound-absorbing panels are represented by a combination of crushed fragments of porous fibrous or foamed open-cell materials, which are surface-distributed in a certain way and fixedly mounted on the surface of the carrier base, with the formation of corresponding air gaps between them. The value of the equivalent air gap formed between the adjacent end (face) surfaces of the separate sound-absorbing panels does not exceed

, where S _el - the projection area on the front surface of the carrier base is smaller in area from the nearby separate sound-absorbing panels mounted on it. Moreover, the width of the air gap formed between the front surfaces of the separate sound-absorbing elements and the surface of the front perforated panel, the front surfaces of the separate sound-absorbing elements and the surface of the rear sound-reflecting panel is in the range z = 2 ... 20h _zp , where h _zp is the thickness of the separate sound-absorbing panels, determined by the dimension of the cross section perpendicular to the front surface of the supporting base. From the side of the placement of the separate sound-absorbing panels, the surface of the noise-reducing element is lined with a protective layer of a soundproof gas-impermeable film or fabric.

The technical result achieved by the indicated design solution presented in the prototype is to increase the acoustic (noise-reducing) efficiency of the technical device, with the resulting resource-saving effect, realized by reducing the consumption of porous material of sound-absorbing panels, to reduce environmental pollution due to the use of sound-absorbing as the original substances of recyclable technological waste and defective production, as well as recycled products oh utilization processing of acoustic materials (parts and assemblies made of acoustical material), particularly from dismantled technical objects, e.g., vehicles have completed their life cycle, providing ultimately reduce the cost of manufacturing this type of design SHZE. The technical noise-reducing result in these cases is achieved by creating physical conditions for the intensification of dynamic deformation processes of the formed more compliant porous skeleton of small-sized fragmented fragmented structures of porous sound-absorbing panels used in the structure of the SEC from the arising force action of sound waves incident on them, with the accompanying irreversible dissipative scattering energy. There is also an emerging enhancement of the edge diffractive dissipative mechanism of energy absorption of sound waves, which is realized on the free end perimetric parts of the structures of separate isolated fragmented porous sound-absorbing panels. At the same time, the total active surface area of the sound absorption surface of this type of surface-distributed crushed structures increases, due to the additional inclusion in the physical process of sound absorption of the numerous formed end parts of porous sound-absorbing panels.

The disadvantage of the technical solution presented in the prototype is the indicated use as a sound-absorbing substance of separate sound-absorbing panels made exclusively of porous air-blown sound-absorbing materials, in the absence of their dense air-blown structures, which are also forced in large volumes to be disposed of and / or energetically “environmentally dirty” »The combustion process. In addition, in the indicated planar surface-distributed, in the form of a corresponding layer of a noise-reducing structural element formed, the possibility of increasing the sound-absorbing efficiency of the SCE is insufficiently used, as this can be realized, for example, due to their potentially possible random chaotic distribution, characterized by the formation of numerous extensive branched interconnecting sinuous channels formed between randomly multilayer placed with contact ranyami crushed sound-absorbing elements. It should also be noted the complexity of the technological process of manufacturing this type of sound-absorbing element according to the prototype, caused by the need to comply with a given spatial-gap arrangement of each of the individual sound-absorbing panels (crushed sound-absorbing elements) relative to each other, as reflected in the description and formula of the considered invention (prototype) . The disadvantage of the considered technical device according to the prototype may also be the lack of potential for the use of utilized large-sized case parts of various technical objects that do not require (requiring limited) additional technological energy-intensive recycled recycling, for example, how this can be attributed to the use of existing non-destroyed cavity capacities of cases with dismantled covers of automobile batteries ( AB) made of polymeric material (preferably polypropylene) have completed their life cycle and to be in connection with the disposal (recycled utilization processing, energy recycling, disposal in cemeteries). The use of sound-transparent structures of the lining protective layer of a gas-impermeable material does not make it possible for the structure to absorb the energy of incident secondary sound waves and the energy of sound waves reflected from the rear sound-reflecting panel. Thus, the potential reserves of increasing the noise-reducing efficiency of the SHE presented in the prototype are not fully realized.

As you know, most of the methods used for separate separation of AAB composite components to be disposed of are based, in particular, on sequential technological procedures for the preliminary destruction of their polymer bodies, followed by the implementation of hydrodynamic separation technologies using a washing chamber with nozzles, a sieve vibrating conveyor, rotating saw blades, separation devices heavy and light fractions (see patent RU 2276622, priority date 07/15/2003) or based on selective mechanical crushing AAB cases pre-heated to a temperature of 35 ... 50 ° C with mechanical shock pulses of a given repetition rate, sieving crushed AAB fragments through a sieve of a given cell size, after which flotation separation of non-metallic components from metal in an aqueous suspension with a density of 1.1 ... 2 times higher density non-metallic components (see patent SU 272912, priority date 11/11/1968). One of the known recycling methods for processing AAB includes the steps of carrying out a technological procedure for mechanical crushing of bodies into individual fragments, subsequent dimensional sorting of crushed particles using an original screw device (see patent RU 2444096, priority date 12/20/2007). There is also a method that implements the technological procedure for the utilization of AAB by means of operations of mechanical crushing, drying and pneumatic separation into metal and nonmetallic fractions using the corresponding gaseous heat carrier heated to a temperature of 150 ... 200 ° C (see patent SU 552650, priority date 01/22/1976 )

Along with the implementation of typical technological processes for crushing AAB polymer cases, when they are separately separated into separate components - lead-containing (zinc-containing) scrap, electrolyte liquid and AAB case polymer material (polypropylene), AAB components can be separated separately by cutting the AAB case cover by appropriate type of cutting tool with the subsequent dismantling of metal and liquid components from the cavity of the AAB housing. Thus formed housing AAB with a dismantled cover can be considered as a suitable prefabricated element for recycling AAB, which can be further used as a component of the inventive technical device of the SHZ.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the claimed invention, in comparison with the prototype, provides the following:

- reduction of environmental pollution by solid wastes, including those generated from non-porous dense structures of polymeric materials, excluding the use of “environmentally dirty” typical technologies for their thermochemical transformations, with the production of granular substances, for their possible secondary recycled use in structures of compounds of the same type of polymer materials as secondary dosed additives, and / or by excluding processes of their environmentally dirty and inefficient energy recovery by burning, and / or burying them in repositories as unused solid polymer waste;

- use in the design of the inventive device SHZ of sound-absorbing panels composed of interlocked detached container-type housing modules, represented by cavity tanks of already available serial (manufactured by industry) cases with dismantled AAA covers that have completed their life cycle and must be disposed of in connection with this processing;

- increasing the acoustic (noise-reducing) efficiency of the claimed technical device by increasing the sound absorption realized on the additionally formed porous surfaces of crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements and the intensification of the emerging edge (rib) diffraction mechanisms of energy absorption of incident (propagated) sound waves, achieved by random chaotic volume distribution fragmented sound-absorbing elements, with the formation between them numerous extended branched communicating nonsmooth tortuous channels in the porous structure of the crushed sound-absorbing substance in the composition of the tablet sound absorbers, placed in the cavities of the blocked detached container-type housing modules;

- increasing the acoustic (noise-reducing) effectiveness of the claimed technical device due to the additional absorption of the high-frequency energy of the incident (primary) sound waves from the side of the noise source and reflected (secondary) sound waves from the surface of the back sound-reflecting panel, as well as the absorption of low-frequency sound energy, by the porous structure of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane. waves - due to the implementation of the effect of low-frequency resonance of mechanical viscoelastic vibrations, porous elastic sound absorbing s membrane, carried out with high values of the amplitudes of its oscillation and, therefore, increased energy losses in the implementation of these oscillations;

- increase the acoustic (noise-reducing) effectiveness of the claimed technical device due to the implementation of additional absorption of sound energy by the porous structures of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, as part of the formed individual structural elements of the tablet sound absorbers, in particular, in the form of their side and / or internal jumpers, and / or bottom walls, including when placing the latter with the corresponding values of the air gaps relative to the opposite their surfaces of the bottom walls of the separate container-type housing modules, represented by AAB cases with dismantled AAB covers, as well as through the introduction of perforation in individual elements of the claimed technical device — the side and bottom walls of the tablet sound absorbers, their internal partitions in the walls of the AAB cases, in the wall of an elastic sound-absorbing membranes;

- simplification, in comparison with the prototype, the implementation of the manufacturing processes of the inventive device BZE, implemented by eliminating (as is the case in the prototype) of individual technological operations of the forced predetermined surface distribution and corresponding fixing, providing the specified values of the air gaps between the individual crushed fragmented sound absorbing panels, as part of a prefabricated sound-absorbing element;

- the cost reduction of the technical device ShZE.

The stated technical problem is solved due to the fact that, in contrast to the well-known technical device of the ShZE according to the prototype, which contains a foundation base, a bearing base, transverse struts, longitudinal profiles, a rear sound-reflecting panel, a front soundproof panel perforated through holes, and sound-absorbing panels in in the form of a sound-absorbing element containing a supporting base of a perforated sheet or mesh type with sound-absorbing panels fixed to it, represented by aggregates of crushed fragments of porous fibrous or foamed open-cell materials distributed in a certain way and fixed on the surface of the carrier base, with the formation of air gaps between them - in the inventive design of SHE, sound-absorbing panels are made in the form of multi-cell interlocked detached container-type housing modules, represented by cavity containers with dismantled bodies AAB caps, which have completed their life cycle and are subject to (subject to), in connection with them, the utilization processing. In this case, separate container-type housing modules, represented by cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAA covers, are mounted in separate cells of the supporting base, represented by a sheet or rod supporting matrix structure, fixed to the transverse struts, and / or longitudinal profiles, and / or to the base of the ШЗЭ. The cavity containers separate housing modules canister type represented cavitary container body AAB, has separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements made of sound absorbing porous vozduhoproduvaemyh fibrous and / or open-cell foam and / or non-porous vozduhoneproduvaemyh fibrous and / or foamed closed cell polymeric material, and / or dense non-porous polymeric materials represented by solid disposable waste subject to recycling Cleared utilization processing, formed with appropriate adhesive substances or bearing shells sound transmission and / or sound transmission of the reinforcing elements in the tableted absorbers. On the perimeter flanging throat parts of the cavity containers of the separate container-type housing modules, represented by cases with dismantled AAA covers, gaplessly using adhesive bonds and / or mechanical joints the wall surface of an elastic sound-absorbing membrane is mated. The regular internal partitions contained in the standard structures of the AAB cases can be removed or left with their subsequent cutting and perforation. The formed tabletted sound absorbers are predominantly in the form of a parallelepiped in the form of a single continuous monolithic porous structure or several separate continuous monolithic porous structures and may contain through or blind openings in their monolithic porous structure (several monolithic porous structures).

ShZE components, including foundation base, basement, pedestal, transverse struts, longitudinal profiles, upper and lower protective ribs, supporting base "in the form of a sheet or rod bearing matrix structure, soundproofing gaskets, elastic elements of the supporting base, mechanical and adhesive connections, a rear sound-reflecting panel, a front sound-transparent panel, sound-absorbing panels in the form of interlocked separate container-type housing modules, are presented cavity containers AAB, isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements formed into tablet sound absorbers, an elastic sound-absorbing membrane, form sound-absorbing devices that are broadband in frequency composition. The soundproofing gaskets used in the construction of the SHE, at least in separate mating zones in contact with the mating components of the ShZE, can also be fastened into monolithic structural modular elements with the use of certain adhesive compounds (sticky adhesive, thermoactive).

Used sound-transparent adhesive joints ("technological stitching") of the components forming the sound-transparent and / or sound-absorbing structural elements of the SHE can be, in particular, represented:

- sets of spaced thin continuous lines or broken lines of sticky adhesive;

- hot-melt perforated film or fibrous fabric layers of thermoactive adhesives (for example, using polypropylene fibers);

- continuous sticky adhesive layers with a specific surface weight of ≤100 g / m ² ;

- continuous layers of thermosetting fusible substances characterized by a specific surface weight of ≤50 g / m ² .

The basis of the organic adhesives used are mainly synthetic oligomers and polymers (phenol-formaldehyde, epoxy, polyester resins, polyamides, polyurethanes, silicon-organic polymers, rubbers, etc.) that form the adhesive film as a result of hardening upon cooling (thermoplastic adhesives), curing (thermoactive adhesives) or vulcanization (rubber adhesives). Inorganic adhesives, in particular aluminophosphate, ceramic, silicate, metal, can also be used.

Separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements forming tablet sound-absorbers can be made of identical or different types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials, characterized by identical or different physical characteristics, chemical composition, porosity, quantity and combination of used types of structures of porous layers in the composition of one and / or their multilayer combinations, identical or different geometric shapes and dimensions, tries dressing mainly in a linear size range of 5 ... 50 mm, having the volume of each of the separate crushed sound-absorbing elements should be in the range of values of V _f = 1.2 × (10 ^-7 ... 10 ^-4 ) m ³ , and the density of the porous structures formed by them tabletted sound absorbers ρ _f = 10 ... 800 kg / m ³ . Separated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements can be produced mainly from solid polymer recyclable waste, represented mainly in the form of technologically processed by the method of crushing porous sound-absorbing structures of parts dismantled from recyclable technical objects, mainly parts of noise insulation packages of vehicles that have completed their life cycle, and / or from technological waste and marriage production of porous sound-absorbing materials in and details of them.

The claimed range of changes in the values of volumes V _f used isolated crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements in the "technologically crosslinked" tablet sound absorbers, on the one hand (the lower limit value is equal to 1.2 × 10 ^-7 m ³ ), is limited mainly by technological capabilities manufacture. On the other hand (the upper limit value is 1.2 × 10 ^-4 m ³ ), the values of the volumes V _{f of} isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements are limited mainly by layout considerations and the need to achieve acceptable acoustic (sound-absorbing) efficiency as part of the SHZ technical device .

In the cavities of the aforementioned isolated container-type housing modules, tabletted sound absorbers can also be placed containing the aforementioned separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made not only of their porous sound-absorbing structures of materials, but also of dense (non-porous) polymeric air-non-blowing materials.

The porous structures of tabletted sound absorbers may contain through or blind blind channels (holes) made in their bottom and / or side walls. Also, tablet sound absorbers can be placed in the cavities of separate container-type case modules, represented by AAB cases with predetermined gaps between their opposite surfaces of the bottom walls.

Through or blind blind channels made in the porous structures of tabletted sound absorbers can have sections of a circle, a rectangle, a triangle, while forming internal partitions corresponding to the geometry, which can also contain perforation holes. To inform the structures of tabletted sound absorbers of the required strength and stiffness characteristics (frame), they may additionally contain the corresponding type of sound-transparent reinforcing elements of the internal embedded or surface lining type (rod, plate-perforated, mesh) made of the corresponding polymer or metal materials.

Separate container-type housing modules, represented by cavity tank containers with dismantled AAA covers that have completed their life cycle and are subject to recycling in this regard, can be fixed in separate structural cells of the supporting base using appropriate adhesive substances or mechanical fasteners such as locks connections, remote fasteners, profiles, mounting frames.

The walls of the separate container-type housing modules, represented by the cavity tanks of the housings with dismantled AAB covers, as well as their internal partitions can be additionally perforated in at least some limited zones, giving these perforated zones soundproofing properties.

Established internal partitions contained in separate container-type housing modules can be completely removed or appropriately modified - partially cut off and / or partially perforated, in order to properly ensure mutual unimpeded communication of air cavities limited by these partitions (to prevent crushing of the air cavity by these partitions on several separate autonomous closed cavities of smaller overall dimensions, ensuring unhindered distribution neniya between sound waves and eliminate the influence on the stiffness characteristics of the elasto-air voids).

Comparison of scientific, technical and patent documentation on the priority date in the main and related sections of the MKI shows that the set of essential features of the claimed technical solution was not previously known, therefore, it meets the patentability condition of “novelty”.

The analysis of known technical solutions in this technical field showed that the inventive device ШЗЭ has features that are absent in the known technical solutions, and their use in the claimed combination of features makes it possible to obtain a new technical result, therefore, the proposed technical solution has an inventive step compared to the existing one. prior art.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, because can be manufactured industrially, efficiently, feasibly and reproducibly, therefore, meets the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

Other features and advantages of the claimed invention will become apparent from the drawings and the following detailed description of the device, where:

- in FIG. 1 presents a General view of the inventive device SHZ installed in the immediate vicinity of the railway with a passing sound-generating train;

- in FIG. 2 shows a General view of the inventive device SHZE installed in the immediate vicinity of the highway with passing technical facilities of a noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles;

- in FIG. Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a ШЗЭ with a curved upper part, installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical facilities of a noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked separate housing modules container type, represented by cavity containers of cases with dismantled AAB covers, in which blasted sound absorbers formed by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of structures and brands of utilized sound-absorbing materials, the neck parts of cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAB caps which are overlapped by a mounted mounted elastic sound-absorbing membrane and a perforated face plate;

- in FIG. Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a ШЗЭ with a curved upper part, installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical objects of a noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked detached casing modules container type, represented by cavity containers of cases with dismantled AAB covers, in each cavity mkostey tableted absorbers which has formed distinct crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements of different types and grades of differing structures utilizable sound absorptive materials, the neck portion of the container body cavity with dismantled lids AAB which overlapped mounted acoustic elastic membrane and a perforated front panel SHZE;

- in FIG. Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a ШЗЭ with a curved upper part, installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical facilities of a noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked detached casing modules container type, the side and bottom walls of which are perforated; the presented cavity containers of the housings with dismantled AAA covers, in which tablet sound absorbers are placed, formed by separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements made of identical types of structures and grades of utilized sound absorbing materials, are covered by mounted elastic sound-absorbing membrane and the front perforated SHZ panel;

- in FIG. Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a ШЗЭ with a curved upper part, installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical facilities of a noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked separate housing modules container type, placed on both sides of the rear sound-reflecting panel, are represented by cavity containers in with dismantled AAB caps, in which tablet sound absorbers with through channels are located, containing separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials, the throat parts of cavity containers of AAB housings with dismantled AAB covers are covered by sound-absorbed and mounted elastic perforated panel ШЗЭ;

- in FIG. 7 is a diagram of the cross-section of the SHZE of a vertical rectilinear shape installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical objects of a noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked separate container-type housing modules represented by cavity tanks of cases with dismantled covers AAB, in which the tablet is placed oval sound absorbers with blind channels, containing isolated crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements made of identical types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials, the neck parts of cavity tanks of AAB cases with dismantled AAB covers are covered with mounted elastic sound-absorbing membrane and face plate;

- in FIG. Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a SHZE of a vertical rectilinear shape installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical facilities of a noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked separate container-type housing modules , the side and bottom walls of which are perforated, represented by the cavity tanks of buildings with dismantled AAB covers, which contain tabletted sound absorbers with dead ends, containing dosed mixtures of separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements of identical or different types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials, the neck parts of cavity tanks of AAB housings with dismantled AAB covers are covered by a soundproofed and mounted elastic membrane ShZE panel;

- in FIG. Figure 9 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a SHZE of a vertical rectilinear shape installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical objects of a sound-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked separate container-type housing modules , the side and bottom walls of which are perforated, and the presented cavity tanks of the housings with dismantled AAB lids, which contain tabletted sound absorbers with blind channels, containing separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials, the throat parts of the cavity tanks of AAB housings with dismantled AAB lids are covered by a mounted, perforated membrane and soundproof ShZE;

- in FIG. 10 is a diagram of the cross-section of the SHZE of a vertical rectilinear shape installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical objects of a noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked separate container-type housing modules , the outer walls of which contain perforation holes, represented by the cavity tanks of the demo cases AAB coated lids, in which separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements are placed, made of identical types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials, formed into tablet sound absorbers with through channels, each of the cavity tanks with dismantled AAB covers is covered by a separate, separate, elastic sound-absorbing membrane ShZE panel;

- in FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a ShZE with a curved upper part and a pedestal part of a ShZE installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical objects of noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked separate container-type housing modules, represented by cavity tanks with dismounted covers AB, which has tableted absorbers with clearance and dead-end channels having separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements made of identical structure types and grades of recyclable sound absorptive materials, the neck part of the cavity of the container body with dismantled lids AAB blocked mounted elastic acoustic membrane and the front perforated plate;

- in FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a SHZ with a curved upper part, a pedestal part of a ShZE installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical objects of noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked isolated container modules of container type, represented by cavity containers of cases with dismantled covers A B, in which tableted sound absorbers are placed with the formation of air gaps between their bottom walls and the bottom walls of separate container-type housing modules, and containing separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials that are covered by an elastic sound-absorbing membrane and front perforated panel;

- in FIG. Figure 13 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a ShZE with a curved upper part and a pedestal part of a ShZE installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical objects of noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, sound-absorbing panels are made in the form of interlocked detached case modules of container type, represented by cavity containers of cases with dismantled covers AAB, externally the walls of the cases of which are perforated and in which tabletted sound absorbers are placed, containing separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials, the neck parts of the cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAA covers are covered by mounted elastic sound-absorbing membrane;

- in FIG. Figure 14 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a ШЗЭ with a curved upper part, installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical objects of a noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, sound-absorbing panels are made in the form of interlocked separate container-type housing modules represented by cavity containers of cases with dismantled caps AAB, in which tablets are placed nnye absorbers containing crushed fragmented separate absorbing elements made of identical structure types and grades of recyclable sound absorptive materials, the neck portion of the container body cavity with dismantled lids closed AAB acoustic elastic membrane and a perforated front panel, wherein the upper part is mounted SHZE translucent panel;

- in FIG. Figure 15 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a ШЗЭ with a curved upper part, installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical objects of a noise-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, sound-absorbing panels are made in the form of interlocked separate container-type housing modules represented by cavity containers of cases with dismantled caps AAB, in which tablets are placed sound absorbers, in cases of absence and presence of air gaps between their bottom walls and bottom walls of separate container-type housing modules, containing separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials, which are covered by an elastic sound-absorbing membrane and a perforated face plate while a translucent panel is mounted in the upper spatial zone of the ShZE;

- in FIG. Figure 16 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a ШЗЭ with a curved upper part, installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical objects of a sound-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, sound-absorbing panels are made in the form of interlocked separate container-type housing modules , the outer walls of the buildings (bottom and side) which are perforated, and the presented cavity tanks of the buildings dismantled AAB caps, which contain tabletted sound absorbers containing separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials, the throat parts of cavity tanks with dismantled AAB caps are covered by mounted elastic sound-absorbing perforated membrane and this membrane a translucent panel is mounted to the upper spatial zone of the ShZE;

- in FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a ShZE with a curved upper part installed in the immediate vicinity of a highway with passing technical objects of a sound-generating passenger-and-freight automobile (cars and trucks) and public automobile (buses) vehicles, the sound-absorbing panels of which are located in the upper and lower spatial zones of the ShZE and are made in the form of interlocked detached container-type housing modules represented by cavity capacities of the building whiskers with disassembled AAB covers, in which tablet sound absorbers with through channels are located, containing separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements made of identical types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials, the throat parts of cavity containers with disassembled AAB covers are covered with mounted insulated membrane and soundproof panel, while in the middle spatial zone of the ShZE mounted translucent I am a panel;

- in FIG. 18 is a diagram of a fragment of a SHZ device, the sound-absorbing panels of which have overall dimensions B × L × H and are represented by interlocked cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAA covers, in the form of interlocked detached container-type housing modules, in whose cavity cavities are arranged tablet sound absorbers containing isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, and the throat parts of container-type housing modules are blocked by individual mounted on them (auto ohm) elastic sound-absorbing perforated membrane structures;

- in FIG. 19 is a diagram of a fragment of a SHZ device, the sound-absorbing panels of which have overall dimensions B × L × H and are represented by interlocked cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAA covers in the form of interlocked separate container-type housing modules, in whose cavity cavities are arranged tablet sound absorbers containing isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, and the throat parts of container-type housing modules are overlapped by the mounted integral monolithic oversized elastic sound-absorbing membrane perforated design;

- in FIG. 20 is a diagram of a fragment of a SHZ device, the sound-absorbing panels of which have overall dimensions B × L × H and are represented by interlocked cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAA covers mounted with the formation of narrow-gap air gaps between the opposite surfaces of the side walls of cavity containers in separate cells of the carrier base represented by the core a supporting matrix structure fixed to the wall of the rear sound-reflecting panel, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of blocked isolated container-type housing modules with open throat parts, in whose volumetric cavities there are tabletted sound absorbers containing isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, while the elastic sound-absorbing membrane and the perforated front panel are not mounted (not shown);

- in FIG. 21 is a diagram of a fragment of a SHZ device, the sound-absorbing panels of which have overall dimensions B × L × H and are represented by interlocked cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAA covers mounted in separate cells of the carrier base, represented by a rod carrier matrix structure fixed to the rear sound-reflecting panel, sound-absorbing panels which is made in the form of interlocked detached container-type housing modules with open neck parts, in the volumetric cavities of which tablet sound absorbers are placed containing separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, while the elastic sound-absorbing membrane and the perforated front panel are not mounted (not shown), soundproofing gaskets are additionally installed on the outer end surfaces of the separate container-type housing modules;

- in FIG. 22 is a diagram of a fragment of a SHZ device, the sound-absorbing panels of which have overall dimensions B × L × H and are represented by interlocked cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAA covers mounted with the formation of narrow-gap air gaps between the opposite surfaces of the side walls of cavity containers in separate cells of the carrier base, represented by a combination sheet and rod bearing matrix structures fixed to the wall of the rear sound-reflecting panel, sound-absorbing panels of which It is in the form of interlocked separate container-type housing modules in volumetric cavities which are arranged tableted absorbers containing separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements, wherein the elastic membrane and the absorbing perforated front panel - is not mounted (not shown);

- in FIG. 23 is a diagram of a fragment of a SHZ device, the sound-absorbing panels of which have overall dimensions B × L × H and are represented by interlocked cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAA covers mounted with the formation of narrow-gap air gaps between the opposite surfaces of the side walls of cavity containers in separate cells of the carrier base represented by the core a supporting matrix structure fixed to the wall of the rear sound-reflecting panel, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of blocked detached container-type enclosure modules with open neck parts, forming families of identical identical detached case-type enclosed modules alternating in a checkerboard pattern, including pre-absorbed sound absorbers containing different isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of various types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials, the elastic sound-absorbing membrane and the perforated front panel are not th e (not shown);

- in FIG. 24 is a diagram of a fragment of a SHZ device, the sound-absorbing panels of which have overall dimensions B × L × H and are represented by interlocked cavity tanks of bodies with dismantled AAA covers mounted in separate cells of the carrier base, represented by a rod carrier matrix structure, fixed to the wall of the rear sound-reflecting panel, sound-absorbing the panels of which are made in the form of interlocking detached housing modules of the container type, forming alternating vertical rows of seven CTBA interlocked identical type separate housing modules comprising absorbers tablets containing different separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements manufactured from various types and brands of structures utilized absorbing materials, the sound absorbing elastic membrane and the perforated front panel - is not mounted (not shown);

- in FIG. 25 is a diagram of a fragment of a SHZ device, the sound-absorbing panels of which have overall dimensions B × L × H and are represented by interlocked cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAA covers mounted with the formation of narrow-gap air gaps between the opposite surfaces of the side walls of cavity containers in separate cells of the carrier base represented by the core a supporting matrix structure fixed to the wall of the rear sound-reflecting panel, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of blocked detached container-type enclosed modules with open throat parts, including tabletted sound absorbers, containing different isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements from various types of structures and grades of utilized sound-absorbing materials, while the elastic sound-absorbing membrane and the perforated front panel are not mounted (not shown);

- in FIG. 26 is a diagram of a fragment of a SHZ device, the sound-absorbing panels of which have overall dimensions B × L × H and are represented by the cavity tanks of the housings with dismantled AAA covers mounted in separate cells of the carrier base, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked separate container-type housing modules, in which tablet-shaped sound absorbers are placed, containing differing isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, while the throat portions of the cavity s containers dismantled buildings with closed lids AAB integrated monolithic large elastic acoustic diaphragm imperforate structure;

- in FIG. 27 is a diagram of a detached container module of a container type, represented by the cavity capacity of the housing with a dismantled AAA cover, containing standard internal dividing walls, the outer side walls of which are perforated over the entire surface;

- in FIG. 28 is a diagram of a detached container module of a container type, represented by the cavity capacity of the housing with a disassembled cover AAB, containing regular internal dividing walls, on the limited zones of the external walls of which perforations are made;

- in FIG. 29 is a diagram of a fragment of a SHZ device with its cross-section, sound-absorbing panels of which have overall dimensions B × L × H and are made in the form of interlocked detached container modules of the container type, represented by cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAA covers, mounted with the formation of narrow-gap air gaps between opposite the surfaces of the side walls of the cavity tanks in individual cells of the bearing base, represented by a rod bearing matrix structure, fixed To the wall of the rear sound-reflecting panel, the sound-absorbing panels are represented by the cavity tanks of the housings with disassembled AAA covers and open throat parts, in which there are tablet sound absorbers with through channels containing separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, an elastic sound-absorbing membrane and a non-perforated front panel - perforated shown), on the outer end surfaces of the detached container modules of the container type - additionally mount soundproofed gaskets are sealed;

- in FIG. 30 is a diagram of a fragment of a BZE device with its cross section, sound-absorbing panels of which have overall dimensions B × L × H and are represented by cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAA covers and open neck parts mounted in separate cells of the carrier base, represented by a rod bearing matrix structure, fixed to the wall of the rear sound-reflecting panel using mechanical fasteners, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked detached container-type housing modules, represented by the cavity tanks of the housings with disassembled AAA covers and open throat parts, which contain tabletted sound absorbers containing separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, an elastic sound-absorbing membrane and a perforated front panel - not mounted (not shown), on the external surface separate container modules of container type additionally mounted soundproofing gaskets ;

- in FIG. 31 is a diagram of a fragment of a SHZ device with its cross section, sound-absorbing panels of which have overall dimensions B × L × H and are represented by cavity containers of bodies with dismantled AAA covers mounted in separate cells of the carrier base, represented by a sheet carrier matrix structure, the elastic fastening elements of which are equipped wedge-shaped holding hooks fixed to the wall of the rear sound-reflecting panel, in which tablet sound absorbers with dead ends are placed alam containing separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, an elastic sound-absorbing membrane and a perforated front panel - not mounted (not shown);

- in FIG. 32 is a diagram of a fragment of a ShZE device with its cross-section, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked detached housing modules of container type with overall dimensions B × L × H installed on both sides of the wall of the rear sound-reflecting panel, which are represented by cavity tanks of the housings with dismantled AAA covers and open throat parts, are mounted in separate cells of the bearing base, represented by a sheet bearing matrix structure, in the cavity containers of buildings with dismantled AAB covers placed tabletted sound absorbers with dead ends, containing separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, an elastic sound-absorbing membrane and a perforated front panel - not mounted (not shown);

- in FIG. 33 is a diagram of a fragment of individual constituent elements of a ShZE, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked detached container modules of the container type, represented by cavity containers of the housings with dismantled AAA covers, while the bearing base of the ShZE is represented by a box-shaped sheet matrix supporting structure containing the corresponding number of cells to accommodate in them, with the formation of narrow-gap air gaps between the opposite surfaces of the side walls of the cavity tanks AAB cases, an elastic sound-absorbing membrane and a perforated front panel - not mounted (not shown);

- in FIG. 34 is a diagram of a structural embodiment of a load-bearing base made of combined combinations of the rod and sheet (box-type) load-bearing matrix structures providing specified values of narrow-gap air gaps formed between the opposite external side walls of the separate container-type housing modules represented by AAB cases;

- in FIG. 35 is a diagram of a structural embodiment of a carrier base made of a sheet box-type carrier matrix structure, the outer peripheral walls of the outer cells of which are perforated;

- in FIG. 36 is a diagram of a structural embodiment of a carrier base made of a sheet (box type) perforated carrier matrix structure;

- in FIG. 37 is a diagram of a fragment of a SHZ device, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocked detached container-type housing modules with overall dimensions B × L × H and mounted in separate cells of the carrier base, represented by a sheet carrier matrix structure, fixed to the wall of the rear sound-reflecting panel, sound-absorbing panels represented by cavity tanks of bodies with dismantled AAA covers, in which separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements are placed Options, the neck portions of which are overlapped integrated monolithic large elastic sound absorbing membrane through holes perforated in zones neck portions of the container body cavity with dismantled lids AAB;

- in FIG. 38 shows longitudinal and cross-sectional diagrams of a structural embodiment of a single container-type housing module, represented by a cavity capacity of the housing with a dismantled AAA cover, with a three-part tablet sound absorber placed in it with three through channels formed by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, each of which contains three through channels and a mortgage reinforcing element, along the perimeter flanging part of the volume of the throat part of the cavity capacity, using the appropriate adhesive substance, the sound-absorbing elastic membrane of the perforated structure is seamlessly mated;

- in FIG. 39 shows longitudinal and cross-sectional diagrams of a structural embodiment of a single container-type housing module, represented by a cavity capacity of the housing with a dismantled AAA cover, with a tablet sound absorber placed therein with a large dead end channel, and containing a translucent sound-absorbing reinforcing element, the porous structure of the tablet sound absorber is formed by separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements; an elastic sound-absorbing membrane of a perforated design is seamlessly mated along the perimeter flanging part of the opening of the throat part of the cavity capacity, using the appropriate adhesive substance;

- in FIG. 40 shows diagrams of longitudinal and cross sections of a structural embodiment of a single container-type housing module, represented by a cavity capacity of the housing with a dismantled AAA cover, with a tablet sound absorber of a composite structure placed in it with nine coaxial through channels of identical shape, the porous structure of the tablet sound absorber is formed by separate crushed fragmented sound absorbers elements along the perimeter flanging part of the opening and the throat part of the cavity capacity, using the appropriate adhesive substance, seamlessly absorbs an elastic sound-absorbing membrane of a perforated design;

- in FIG. 41 shows diagrams of longitudinal and cross sections of a structural embodiment of a single housing module of a container type, represented by a cavity capacity of a housing with a dismantled AAA cover, with a tablet sound absorber in it of a composite (three parts) design with five coaxial through channels of different geometric shapes; the porous structure of the tabletted sound absorber is formed by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, along the perimeter flanging part of the opening of the throat part of the cavity capacity, using an appropriate adhesive substance, the sound-absorbing elastic membrane of a convex geometric shape and a monolithic non-perforated design is seamlessly mated;

- in FIG. 42 shows diagrams of longitudinal and cross sections of a structural embodiment of a single container-type housing module, represented by a cavity capacity of the housing with a dismantled AAA cover, with a thin-walled tablet sound absorber placed therein, lining the bottom and side walls of the container-type housing module; the porous structure of the tabletted sound absorber is formed by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, contains a translucent mortgage reinforcing element, along the perimeter flanging part of the opening of the throat part of the cavity capacity, using an appropriate adhesive substance, the sound-absorbing elastic membrane of a monolithic non-perforated design is seamlessly mated;

- in FIG. 43 shows diagrams of longitudinal and cross sections of a structural embodiment of a single container-type housing module, represented by a cavity capacity of the housing with a dismantled AAA cover, with a thin-walled tablet sound absorber located in it, the bottom wall of which is placed to form a predetermined amount of air gap relative to the opposite surface of the bottom wall of the separate case container type module; a tablet sound absorber is formed by separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements and contains 25 through channels in its bottom wall; an elastic sound-absorbing membrane of a perforated design is seamlessly mated along the perimeter flanging part of the opening of the throat part of the cavity capacity, using the appropriate adhesive substance;

- in FIG. 44 is a sectional diagram of a structural embodiment of container-type housing modules represented by cavity containers of bodies with disassembled AAA covers and covered by separate (stand-alone) elastic sound-absorbing membranes, with tablet sound absorbers placed in them (cavity tanks) formed by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, perimetric parts of the openings of the throat parts of the cavity containers of which elastic ukopogloschayuschie membrane; container-type housing modules are fixed in the cells with the formation of narrow-gap air gaps between the opposite surfaces of the side walls of the cavity tanks of the AAB housings with dismantled AAB covers and the supporting base, which is represented by a sheet bearing matrix structure, which, in turn, is mounted on the surface with the corresponding mechanical fasteners walls of the rear sound-reflecting panel;

- in FIG. 45 is a diagram of a structural embodiment of a ShZE fragment, the sound-absorbing panels of which are made in the form of interlocking detached container modules of the container type, fixed in the cells of the carrier base in the form of a sheet carrier matrix structure, represented by the cavity tanks of the housings with dismantled AAA covers, the throat parts of which are covered by perforated elastic sound-absorbing membranes constructions; limited parts of the side walls of container-type housing modules, represented by cases with dismantled AAB covers, in the areas of their throat parts, are perforated;

- in FIG. 46 presents the experimental results of determining the estimated acoustic indicator "equivalent sound absorption area" on the example of the studied prototype test samples of 42 container-type housing modules, mating their rear surfaces with the installation surface of the floor 41 of the measuring (research) reverberation chamber "Cabin Alpha", which can be considered (modeled) ) as the back sound-reflecting panel of ShZE:

structural composition A of the prototype test sample 42 - contains a porous sound-absorbing substance formed as a result of fragmented crushing of a monolithic flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam with overall dimensions of 1000 × 1200 mm (1.2 m ² ), for the subsequent formation of small-sized fragments from it, corresponding to the description and claims filling the closed cavity of the used simulated prototype container-type test sample formed by the bounding walls p otnogo a reflecting sheet of polymeric material of thickness 2.5 mm, with the mounting mating surface 41 of the floor measurement (research) of the reverberation room "Cab Alpha" overlapped on the upper neck portion of the front panel 11, sound transmission, perforated with holes 19 k _{trans-individual} = 0.25, made from a similar type of polymer structural material;

structural composition B of the prototype test sample 42 — contains porous crushed sound-absorbing material 40 converted from structural composition A, formed by small-sized separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9, made within the framework of the dimensional restrictions specified in the description and claims of the invention, filling closed cavities of separate container case modules of a container type represented by AAB 6 cases with dismantled AAB covers as part of a prototype test body sample of container type 42, with narrow-gap air gaps 32 installed between opposite surfaces of the side walls 50 of the cavity containers of the separate container-type housing modules represented by AAB 6 cases with dismantled AAB covers; the number of container container cavities represented by AAB 6 cases with dismantled AAB covers is 30; the side walls of 50 AAB cases are completely (evenly over the entire surface) perforated and are characterized by a perforation coefficient k _per-stn = 0.25; their throat parts 30 are covered by an integral monolithic large-sized elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22 mounted on them with a non-perforated structure made of flat-pressed pressed whole-molded fibrous sound-absorbing material with a wall thickness of 5 mm and a specific surface weight of 2.1 kg / m ² ; a soundproof panel 11 mounted on top is perforated with holes 19 and is characterized by a perforation coefficient k _per-faces = 0.25;

structural composition B of the prototype test sample 42 - contains a porous sound-absorbing substance 40 converted from structural composition A, formed by small-sized separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9, made within the framework of the dimensional restrictions specified in the description and claims of the invention, filling closed cavities of separate container-type housing modules represented by AAB 6 cases with dismantled AAB covers as part of a prototype test container type 42, with narrow-gap air gaps 32 installed between opposite surfaces of the side walls 50 of the cavity containers of the separate container-type housing modules represented by AAB 6 cases with dismantled AAB covers; the number of container container cavities represented by AAB 6 cases with dismantled AAB covers is 30; the side walls of 50 AAB cases are completely (over their entire surface) perforated and are characterized by a perforation coefficient k _per-stn = 0.25; their throat parts 30 are covered by an integral monolithic large-sized elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22 fixed on them, the walls of which are perforated through holes with a perforation coefficient k _per-mb = 0.07; the elastic sound-absorbing membrane is made of a flat-pressed pressed whole-molded fibrous sound-absorbing material similar to the version of the prototype test sample 42 of structural composition B, wall thickness 5 mm and specific surface weight 2.1 kg / m ² ; the installed soundproof front panel 11 is perforated with holes 19 and is characterized by a perforation coefficient k _per-faces = 0.25 (similar to the variant of the structural prototype test sample 42 of composition B);

The following designations are used in the figures presented in the application:

1 - SHZ;

2 - a source of noise radiation (moving motor vehicle, train, etc.);

3 - transverse strut ShZE 1 (not shown in the figures);

4 - longitudinal profiles of ShZE 1 (not shown in the figures);

5 - rear sound-reflecting panel ШЗЭ 1;

6 - isolated container-type housing modules, represented by AAB cases with dismantled AAB covers;

7 - bearing base SHZ 1, represented by a sheet and / or rod bearing matrix structure;

8 - bearing base ШЗЭ 1, including transverse struts 3 and longitudinal profiles 4 (the position is not shown in the figures);

9 - isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements;

10 - sound-absorbing panels SHZE 1 (contain in their composition elements 6, 7, 9, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49);

11 - front translucent panel perforated with holes 19;

12 - upper protective rib ShZE 1;

13 - lower protective rib ShZE 1;

14 - adhesive substance;

15 - mechanical connection;

16 - soundproofing gaskets;

17 - regular internal dividing partitions of separate container modules of container type 6;

18 - perforation holes made in the standard internal dividing partitions 17 of the separate container modules of the container type 6, represented by AAB cases (not shown in the figures);

19 - hole perforation of the front translucent panel 11;

20 - fastening elements of separate container modules of container type 6, represented by AAB cases;

21 - elastic elements of the carrier base 7 SHZE 1, containing holding hooks;

22 - elastic sound-absorbing membrane;

23 - external lateral 50 and bottom 31 walls of the separate container modules of the container type 6, represented by the AAB;

24 - railway tracks;

25 - road surface;

26 - foundation foundation of ШЗЭ 1;

27 - translucent panel;

28 - mounting frame for mounting a translucent panel 27;

29 - perforation holes made in the walls of the carrier base 7, represented by a sheet matrix structure;

30 - the throat portion of the container module case module 6 represented by the housing with the dismantled cover AAB;

31 - bottom wall of a separate container module of a container type, represented by AAB cases with dismantled AAB covers;

32 - narrow-gap air gaps formed between the outer walls of 23 separate container modules of the container type 6, represented by the AAB;

33 - base part of the ShZE 1;

34 - pedestal part of the ShZE 1;

35 - perforation holes made in the outer walls 23 (31, 50) of the separate container modules of the container type 6, represented by AAB cases;

36 - perforation holes made in an elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22;

37 - tablet sound absorbers installed in the cavity tanks of the separate container modules of container type 6;

38 - end-to-end 51 or dead-end 52 channels made in a tablet sound absorber 37;

39 - walls of a prototype test sample installed on the floor of the measuring (research) installation “Cabin Alpha” (item 37);

40 - a sound-absorbing substance, represented by crushed porous sound-absorbing substance of a flat-sheet porous sound-absorbing panel, used as part of a prototype test sample 42;

41 - installation surface of the floor measuring (research) reverberation chamber "Cabin Alpha";

42 - prototype test sample;

43 - sound-absorbing substance, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 in the composition of the prototype test sample 42;

44 - side wall of a tablet sound absorber 37;

45 - bottom wall of a tablet sound absorber 37;

46 - internal partitions of a tablet sound absorber 37;

47 - reinforcing element preformed sound absorber 37;

48 - hole perforation of the walls of the tablet sound absorber 37;

49 is a predetermined air gap formed between the opposite surfaces of the bottom wall of the tabletted sound absorber 37 and the bottom wall 31 of the separate container module type housing 6, represented by the AAB body with the AAB cover removed;

50 - side walls of the detached housing modules of the container type 6, represented by the cavity tanks of the AAB cases with dismantled AAB covers;

51 - through channels of a preformed sound absorber 37;

52 - deadlock channels of a preformed sound absorber 37;

53 - supporting translucent sheath;

k _per-faces - the perforation coefficient of the front translucent panel 11;

k _lane-stn - coefficient of perforation of the wall of the housing module of the container type 6;

k _per-mb - perforation coefficient of an elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22;

k _per-lms - the coefficient of perforation of the walls of the carrier base 7, represented by a sheet matrix structure;

k _per-tz - the coefficient of perforation of the walls and / or internal partitions of the tablet sound absorber 37.

The terms used in the text of the description of the application for the invention are given below (in italics).

Sound absorption is a physical process of an irreversible dissipative transition of wave vibrational mechanical (gas-dynamic, hydraulic) energy propagated in an elastic medium in the form of a sound wave into thermal energy. It is estimated in arbitrary units by the sound absorption coefficient (normal - α _n and / or reverberation - α _r ), and / or the equivalent sound absorption area (A), in m ² .

Soundproofing. The term “sound insulation” is used to denote three technical (physical) characteristics and refers directly to the acoustic (noise-reducing) structure itself, to the complex physical process of absorption and reflection of sound waves by the acoustic structure, and to the quantitative assessment of the change (attenuation) in the transmission of acoustic radiation (numerical change of parameters) physical process of energy transfer of acoustic radiation) introduced by the used acoustic structure. It is a measure of sound insulation by a screen partition, wall or panel, expressed in dB.

Perforated hole (perforation holes) - one or more through holes of a given (usually identical) geometric shape and overall dimensions (given passage area) located relative to each other and / or relative to another closely spaced structural element of the part (assembly) at a given distance. Perforation - from the Latin perforate - punch, puncture - the technological process of making through holes of a given size, located accordingly in the wall structure of the manufactured part (assembly).

Perforation coefficient is the ratio of the total area of perforation holes to the total area of the front surface of the wall (part structure) that has been subjected to the perforation procedure (until it is perforated).

Sound transparency is the physical property of structures or individual structural elements (plates, shells, films) to transmit a sound wave without significantly attenuating its energy (without having a significant process of its reflection in the direction opposite to the propagation from the radiation source and / or without significant absorption). Quantitatively, opacity is characterized by the transmission coefficient of sound. A structure is considered to be translucent if the attenuation of the transmission of sound energy introduced by it does not exceed 10%.

Sound diffraction is a physical property that characterizes the deviation of the behavior of sound propagation from the laws of geometric acoustics, due to the wave nature of sound propagation, in particular, causing the propagation of propagated sound waves into the region of the sound shadow behind an enveloped sound reflecting obstacle that is larger than the length of the propagated sound wave.

The equivalent sound absorption area is the estimated technical parameter of the sound-absorbing properties of flat-sheet samples of materials or full-scale non-planar volumetric sound-absorbing parts, determined under the influence of a diffuse sound field on them, which is compared with the corresponding equivalent area of an abstract flat sound-absorbing surface with 100% sound energy absorption. Reverberation coefficient of sound absorption α _r = 1,0 srvc quantitatively estimated in m ^{2 the} area of a flat-sheet sample having 100% absorption of sound energy.

Laboratory-bench installation “Cabin Alpha” is a small-sized reverberation chamber designed to determine the estimated parameter “reverberation sound absorption coefficient” and “equivalent sound absorption area” of samples of flat-sheet sound-absorbing materials or full-sized large-sized molded parts (upholstery, panels) under simulated conditions of exposure to diffuse sound field.

The inventive device SHZE 1 contains a foundation base 26, a base part 33, a supporting base 8 in the form of transverse struts 3, longitudinal profiles 4, a rear sound-reflecting panel 5, sound-absorbing panels 10, made in the form of interlocked separate container modules of the container type 6, represented by cavity containers of the cases with dismantled AAB covers and mounted on their throat parts 30 elastic sound-absorbing membranes 22, front sound-proof panels 11 containing perforation holes 19. The containers are filled with a porous sound-absorbing substance in the form of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9, formed using appropriate adhesive substances and / or supporting sound-transparent shells 53 into tablet sound absorbers 37. The separate container-type enclosed modules 6, which are represented by cavity containers AAB dismantled mounted in separate cells of the carrier base 7, represented by a sheet or rod carrier matrix structure attached to the transverse struts 3, and / or longitudinal profiles 4, and / or the rear sound-reflecting panel 5, and / or the supporting base 8 of the SHE 1. Formed by the translucent adhesive compounds used adhesives 14 contacting each other faces and edges of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 and / or supporting sound-transparent shells 53, tablet sound absorbers 37 may additionally contain through 51 or dead-end 52 holes 38 made in the side 44 and / or 45 walls and / or internal partitions 46. Separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 are mainly made from recycled sound-absorbing porous air-blown fibrous and / or open-celled foamed sound-absorbing materials, with a possible dosage that does not exceed 30% of the total absorbent structure of the tableted material in their composition 37 separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 made of non-porous dense air eproduvaemyh fibrous materials, closed cell foamed polymeric materials, and / or other types of dense, non-porous polymer materials, also preferably represented recyclable solid waste is subjected to a forced recycled utilization processing.

The upper protective rib 12 and the lower protective rib 13 of the ШЗЭ 1 can be connected to the mating contacting parts of the components of the ШЗЭ 1 - the bearing base 8, the transverse struts 3, the longitudinal profiles 4, the rear sound-reflecting panel 5, the soundproofing gaskets 16, the front translucent soundproof panel 11, elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22 using appropriate mechanical compounds 15 and / or adhesive substances 14, ensuring the performance of the specified bearing, strength, stiffness and aesthetic functions of the SHE 1.

As part of the design of the device ШЗЭ 1, corresponding soundproofing gaskets 16, elastic elements 21 of the carrier base 7, translucent panels 27 and mounting frames 28 for their fastening can be used, which ensure the design of the device ШЗЭ 1 to fulfill the necessary multifunctional requirements (characteristics) with respect to acoustics ( silencing), reliability, durability and aesthetic design of ShZE 1.

Separate housing modules of container type 6 can be represented by identical or differing in size cavity tanks with disassembled covers of serial AAB cases made of various construction materials (mainly polypropylene).

The rear sound-reflecting panel 5 of ShZE 1 can be fixed both on the supporting base 8, as part of the longitudinal 4 and transverse 3 profiles, and can be mated (fixed) with the supporting base 7, represented by a sheet or rod supporting matrix structure.

The upper protective rib 12 and the lower protective rib 13 of the ШЗЭ 1 can have a U-shaped cross section, giving an additional sealing effect to the mating elements of the ШЗЭ 1 design, providing the accompanying additional fastening of the upper and lower end parts of the separate container-type housing modules 6.

The elastic elements 21 of the bearing base 7 included in the structure of the SHZE 1 are endowed with multifunctional properties. In particular:

- provide elastic fastening and reliable retention of the separate container modules of container type 6, represented by AAB cases with dismantled AAB covers;

- provide a decrease in the effect of reflection of sound waves from the surfaces of the ShZE 1 (due to the wedge-shaped shape of the hooks), contributing to a more efficient implementation of the physical process of sound absorption;

- provide the function of shielding elements ("peaks") that protect the attached elements of the ShZE 1 from negative atmospheric influences.

In order to exclude the possible crushing of the air volume of the cavity of the container-type module 6, represented by the AAB serial utilized body with the AAB cover removed, and to improve the sound-damping properties of the tablet sound absorbers 37 contained in the cavity of the AAB housing, the standard internal separation walls 17 can be removed or shortened accordingly, and / or perforation holes 18 may be further formed therein.

Separated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9, forming the basic porous sound-absorbing substance in the composition of tablet sound absorbers 37, placed in the cavity containers of the separate container modules of container type 6, according to their overall dimensions should be in a linear size range of 5 ... 50 mm. Moreover, the volume of each of the isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 should be in the range of values of V _f = 1.2 × (10 ^-7 ... 10 ^-4 ) m ³ . The density formed by the crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 of the porous structure of the tablet sound absorbers 37 should be in the range ρ _f = 10 ... 800 kg / m ³ . The claimed range of values of the volumes V _{f of the} used isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9, on the one hand (the lower limit value is equal to 1.2 × 10 ^-7 m ³ ), is limited mainly by the technological capabilities of manufacturing tablet sound absorbers 37. On the other hand, the upper limit value of volumes V _{f of} separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9, equal to 1.2 × 10 ^-4 m ³ , is determined mainly by the need to achieve an acceptable acoustic (sound general) effectiveness.

Separated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 can be presented mainly in the form of semi-finished products of recycled recycling utilization of solid technological waste, and / or technological marriage of the production of porous fibrous, foamed open-cell sound-absorbing materials, and / or parts from sound-absorbing materials, and / or made of appropriate materials of parts and assemblies selected for secondary recycled recycling processing of noise insulation packages of various technical objects, mainly dismantled from vehicles, having completed their life cycle and subject to disposal processes, and / or parts and assemblies of utilized standard noise-reducing packages used from other types of noise-absorbing devices selected from a similar type transport, aggregates and systems of power plants, various construction sites. Separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 can also be produced from the original "new" semi-finished raw materials, mainly flat-sheet, presented in the form of monolithic sheets or rolls of sound-absorbing materials intended for subsequent technological fragmented crushing. Separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 can also be presented in the form of mixtures defined in certain proportions of dosage combinations of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9, obtained both from recycled recycled materials and parts, which contains a certain number of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9, so and made from the original "new", mainly from a monolithic plane-sheet semi-finished raw materials for the production of typical porous sound-absorbing materials.

The composition of the porous sound-absorbing substance of the tabletted sound absorber 37, consisting of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 made of porous air-blown material structures, can be additionally introduced a certain number of isolated crushed fragmented elements made of dense non-porous air-blown materials occupying no more than 30% of the volume them crushed porous structure of tabletted sound absorbers 37. About collected crushed fragmented elements 9 from dense non-porous non-porous non-porous structures can be made, for example, from industrial and technological waste and rejects from the production of materials and products from rubber, rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene (foamed polyethylene), polystyrene and other types of polymeric materials and products (including those that have completed their life cycle).

Tableted sound absorbers 37, placed in the cavity tanks of the separate container modules of container type 6, can be represented as single monolithic porous sound-absorbing structures formed by “adhesive technological cross-linking” with the adhesive substance 14 of the faces and edges of the separate crushed fragmented sound elements 9 in contact with each other components (consisting of several monolithic porous sound-absorbing structures) monolithic sound absorbing structures placed in the indicated cavity containers of the separate container modules of container type 6, represented by AAB cases with dismantled AAB covers. At the same time, the components of the tabletted sound absorber 37 can be placed in these containers both in a free contact state without mutual adhesion between the opposite contacting surfaces of the porous sound-absorbing structures of the individual components and with the introduced sound-transparent adhesive bonds of the adhesive substances used 14 (see Fig. 29 ... 32, 38, 40, 41, 44). The composite structural and technological concept of the implementation of the tablet sound absorber 37 is mainly used for the variants of the necessary layout of its components that differ from each other in their structural composition of the used isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9, for intentional communication of the given sound-absorbing characteristics to the sound-absorbing panels 10 used in the SHZ 1. In addition to the options for the technological design of the tablet sound absorber 37, in the form of several composite porous monolithic portions placed in the hollow cavity of a separate container-type housing module 6 represented the housing cover dismantled with AAB ABA and dismantled with regular internal partition walls 17 AAB housings, FIG. 27, 28 are options for the technological design of the tablet

sound absorber 37, in the form of several composite porous monolithic parts placed in separate sections of the housing AAB, containing regular internal dividing walls 17 with a shortened height, both containing perforation holes 18, and performed without perforation holes.

The used elastic sound-absorbing membranes 22 can be made in the form of whole-molded structures from pressed fibrous sound-absorbing material based on natural (plant - cotton, silk, jute, sisal, linen, hemp and others, or animal fibers), synthetic fibers (acrylic, polyester, polyoxadiazole, polyimide, carbon, aramid, polypropylene, nylon and others) or mineral fibers (basalt, ceramic, glass). The wall thickness of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane is in the range of 3 ... 40 mm, the specific surface weight of its porous structure is 0.5 ... 6 kg / m ² . The walls of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22 can be additionally perforated through holes of the perforation 36, characterized by a perforation coefficient k _per-mb ≥0.05. The reverberation coefficient of sound absorption α _{rev of the} material of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22 in the frequency range 500 ... 8000 Hz is in the range of 0.40 ... 0.99. The external contours of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22 can be given a geometric planar shape or in the form of a convex shape of truncated geometric shapes such as a pyramid, prism, segment of a sphere, cone.

Front soundproof panel 11 and / or rear soundproof panel 5 - can be made of appropriate dense structural materials, for example, metal (aluminum, stainless steel, galvanized steel). The rear sound-reflecting panel 5 can also be made of reinforced chip-cement (dyurisol, veloks), wood (impregnated wood), polymethimethacrylate (PMMA). The perforation holes 19 of the front translucent panel 11 can be made round or in the form of inclined slotted grooves, and the perforation coefficient, characterizing the degree of its translucency, should be k _per-faces ≥0.25. Perforation holes 18, made in the standard internal partitions of the separate container modules of container type 6, perforation holes 29, made in the walls of the carrier base 7, represented by a sheet matrix structure, perforation holes 38, made in the outer walls 23 of the separate container module type 6 - are mainly performed round geometric shape, as the most technologically advanced and are characterized by values of wall perforation coefficients equal to or greater than 0.25.

Outer walls 23 (bottom walls - 31, side walls - 50) of container modules of container type 6, represented by cavity containers of cases with dismantled AAB covers, can be fully or partially perforated. In this case, the perforation coefficient of the wall surfaces 23 (31, 50) should be k _per-stn ≥0.25, which thereby ensures a sufficient degree of their sound transparency, and also intensifies the mechanism of dissipative dissipation of sound energy during its propagation through these perforation holes 35 .

Similarly, communication of the properties of sound transparency and / or dissipative damping of mechanical vibrations and / or diffraction scattering of propagated sound waves by means of their respective perforation to the restrictive walls of structural elements also applies to perforation holes 19, 29 and 48 in structural elements 7, 11, 44 , 45, 46 ШЗЭ 1, for which the value of the perforation coefficient is taken k _per-faces ≥0.25; k _per-lms ≥0.25; k _per-tz ≥0.05.

If necessary (according to the requirements of the technical specifications for design), the adjacent detached detached housing modules of container type 6 may contain sealing elements mounted on their external end surfaces of the side walls 50 of the corresponding size, such as soundproofing gaskets 16 made of dense polymeric materials (rubber, polyamide , polyvinyl chloride). Separate housing modules of the container type 6 can be mounted in separate cells of the carrier base with the formation of narrow-gap air gaps 32 formed between the opposite surfaces of their side walls 50.

The outer surfaces of the tabletted sound absorber 37 can be additionally placed in the supporting soundproof shells 53, represented by a soundproof protective layer of a film, fabric or non-woven fabric represented, for example, polyester aluminized, urethane, polyvinyl chloride or sound-transparent types of non-woven materials such as "maliflis", "filtis. At the same time, the thickness of the sound-transparent film material is 0.025 ... 0.1 mm, and its specific surface weight is 20 ... 70 g / m ² . The thickness of the nonwoven fabric layer is in the range of 0.025 ... 0.25 mm, the specific surface weight is 20 ... 300 g / m ² , and its specific resistance to blowing through the air stream is 20 ... 50 N × s × m ^-3 . The use of these types of protective sound-transparent layers of bearing sound-transparent shells 53 allows you to save the sound-absorbing properties of the porous crushed structures of tablet sound absorbers mating with them 37, to prevent dust, moisture, amorphous particles from getting into their porous structures, to prevent (slow down) the biological decomposition of structural particles of the material with the possible occurrence of unpleasant odors.

The back side of the bottom wall 45 of the tabletted sound absorber 37 may be located with a predetermined amount of air gap 49 relative to the inner side of the bottom wall 31 of the separate container module type 6.

Inside the porous crushed structure of the tabletted sound absorber 37, an embedded reinforcing element 47 may be mounted in the form of a mesh or bar or plate-perforated structure made of appropriate types of structural metal (steel, aluminum) or polymeric materials such as polyamide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or similar type of intended use of structural material,

Compounds consisting of several adhesive-conjugated separate parts formed into monolithic porous structures of different structural and overall composition of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 of the tablet sound absorbers 37, as shown in FIG. 29, 30, 31, 32. Also, the composite structural and technological embodiment of the tablet sound absorbers 37 in the form of separate isolated monolithic parts can be freely placed in the cavity of the separate container modules of the container type 6 without introducing additional adhesive bonds between their mating opposite surfaces, as shown in particular in FIG. 38, 40, 41, 44.

In the operation processes of noise-generating vehicles, as well as other various types of noise-active technological and / or production equipment located near motorways, or in residential areas and adjacent open areas, spurious sound energy is generated and distributed, polluting the environment, which is qualified by external noise-generating technical objects. When using the inventive technical device, presented by ШЗЭ 1, located in the immediate vicinity of the source (family of sources) of noise radiation 2 (for example, vehicles, trains, etc.), sound waves emitted by them (them) propagating in a hemispherical open space of the surrounding medium (limited by the earth's surface reflecting sound waves), fall on the composite blocking elements of the ШЗЭ 1, partially reflected from them in the opposite direction of their direct propagation They are absorbed by porous elastic sound-absorbing membranes 22, and partially penetrate into the sound-absorbing porous dissipative structures of the components of the SHZ 1 located in the cavities of the separate container modules of the container type 6, and partially envelop the composite barrier elements of the upper part of the ShZE 1, spreading to residential areas located beyond the back side of the ShZE 1. Passing straight lines (penetrating inside the composite porous sound-absorbing structures of ShZE 1) and reflected from the constituent elements (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 22) SHZE 1, propagated sound waves, fall on their front surfaces and penetrate into their composite porous sound-absorbing structures. In particular, they penetrate and propagate in the cavities of interlocked detached container-type body modules 6 filled with sound-absorbing material represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 formed into monolithic porous sound-absorbing structures using adhesive substances 14 and / or supporting sound-transparent shells 53, in formed tablet sound absorbers 37, as well as partially reflected from them, spreading in the opposite direction , with the formation of one or another resulting noise-reducing (sound-insulating, sound-absorbing) effect. The energy of sound waves transmitted and propagating in the cavities of detached container modules of container type 6, penetrating and propagating both directly in the porous structures of the detached crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements 9 of the tablet sound absorbers 37, and in the surface zones of the communicating extended tortuous inter-facet (intercostal) air channels formed between adhesively bonded gap-contacting faces (ribs) of separate crushed fragmented s sound absorbing elements 9 tableted absorbers 37, further absorbed due to its irreversible dissipative (with appropriate energy losses) converting (dispersion) to mechanical work and heat expended both in dynamic deformation of the porous skeleton, and the realization of a dissipative process intracanal viscoelastic friction. Part of the sound energy not absorbed by the sound-absorbing panels 10 reflected from the dense (hard) sound-reflecting surfaces of the components of the SZE 1, in particular, from the wall surface of the rear sound-reflecting panel 5, propagates in the direction of the considered noise source 2. In the final result, the residential ones adjacent to the SZE 1 territories (located behind its back side), already significantly weakened sound energy is distributed (thereby, reducing the level of transport noise by residential area of harassing population).

In the claimed technical device SHZE 1, the conditions and mechanisms for effectively increasing (intensifying) the absorption of sound energy and correspondingly reducing the level of external noise of traffic flows moving in residential areas are implemented. The alternating sound pressure of the propagated sound waves in the air, incident and passing (penetrating) through the structure of the front acoustic panel 11 perforated by the openings 19, has a corresponding variable force effect on the components of the sound-absorbing panel 10, in particular, on the elastic sound-absorbing membranes 22, forcing their bending mechanical vibrations taking into account their own stiff, dimensional-geometric, mass (specific surface mass), damping (porosity b, tortuosity of pores, resistance to blowing through by the air flow, internal friction of the material of the porous structure) characteristics, including those determined by the dynamic stiffnesses of closed elastic air cavities formed by separate container modules of the container type 6 with cavity containers of the AAB cases with dismantled AAB covers overlapped by mounted elastic sound-absorbing membranes 22. In these cases, there are intrinsic low-frequency mechanical resonances of the elastic sound-absorbing membranes 22, suschestvlyaemye with high values of the amplitudes of the oscillations and consequently, increased dissipative losses arising of oscillations energy (increased manufactured "work"). The considered dynamic (vibroacoustic) process is characterized, in this regard, not only by the effective absorption of high-frequency sound energy determined by the porous structure of the material of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22, but also by the low-frequency sound energy generated by it by low-frequency mechanical resonance. As a result, the use of this type of elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22 as part of the SZE 1 silencing device allows to increase the noise-reducing efficiency of the claimed SZE 1 both in the low and medium and high-frequency ranges of the generated noise radiation sources 2. The use of randomly distributed separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 formed into monolithic porous crushed structures of tabletted sound absorbers 37 installed in cavity containers separately of enclosed container modules of type 6, provides multiple expansion of the active (perceiving incident sound waves) surface area of the used crushed sound-absorbing substance, presented in the form of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9 (in comparison with their typically used monolithic non-fragmented version). Sound waves, during their passage (propagation) in the closed cavity volumes of the separate container-type enclosure modules 6 through the numerous interconnected extended meandering air channels formed between the contacting faces and the edges of the separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 9, implement mechanisms of additional energy losses of sound energy with such conditions of their passage (distribution) due to the expressed conditions and mechanisms of their dissipative scattering Ania.

Perforation of the side 44 and / or bottom 45 walls and / or internal partitions 46 of the pre-absorbed sound absorbers 37, respectively, with the throat parts 30 overlapped by the porous structures of the elastic sound-absorbing membranes 22 and the porous structures of the pre-absorbed sound absorbers 37, can further increase the dissipative losses of sound energy localized in air cavities containers of separate container modules of container type 6, represented by AAB cases with dismantled AAB covers. A similar type of amplification effects of dissipative losses of sound energy are also realized when sound waves propagate through additionally perforated porous structures of elastic sound-absorbing membranes 22. In some cases, the implementation of the corresponding perforation holes 36 contributes to an increase in the amplitudes of bending vibrations of elastic sound-absorbing membranes 22 and to an increase in dissipative losses of sound energy , as well as the implementation of the mechanism of resonant absorption of sound energy due to the formation of the corresponding s chamber and a neck portion of a Helmholtz resonator. It is also necessary to point out the implementation of the concomitant diffraction mechanism for the absorption of sound energy in the zones of passage of sound waves through perforations 48 and 36 made in porous sound-absorbing structures of the side 44 and / or bottom 45 walls and / or internal partitions of 46 pre-absorbed sound absorbers 37 and / or porous sound-absorbing structures of elastic sound-absorbing membranes 22. The perforation holes 35 are made in the outer walls 23 (side 50, bottom 31) of the separate container modules of the container type 6, represented by AAB enclosures, also enhances the dissipative dissipation of the energy of sound waves propagated during their passage both from the outside of said walls 23 (31, 50), and from the side of the internal cavities of separate container modules of type 6 represented by AAB enclosures . The implementation of the slot arrangement of relative to each other separate container modules of the container type 6, represented by AAB cases, the side walls 50 of which are perforated, with the formation of narrow-gap air gaps 32, also enhances the effect of diffractive dissipative absorption of sound energy.

The mechanisms of enhanced dissipation of sound energy of a similar type are realized when the perforation holes 18 are made in standard internal separation walls 17 of separate container-type housing modules 6 represented by AAB cases (with structural and technological versions without completely removing them from the cavities of standard AAB cases).

Control (regulation) of the frequency response of the damping of traffic noise by the used SZE 1, with an increase in the fraction of absorbed low-frequency sound energy, with some weakening of the fraction of absorbed high-frequency sound energy, can also be carried out by changing the gap arrangement (air gap 49) of the bottom wall 45 of the tablet sound absorber 37 relative to the opposite surface of the bottom wall 31 of the separate housing module of the container type 6, represented by the housing AAB with d AAB installed cover, as in particular shown in Figures 12, 15, 43.

The performed spatial arrangement of sound-absorbing panels 10, including separate container-type housing modules 6, represented by AAB housings with dismantled AAA covers and elastic sound-absorbing membranes 22 installed on their throats 30, installed as part of ШЗЭ 1, with sound-proof front panels 11, implements sheet-mounted front panel elements or rod bearing matrix structure of the bearing base 7 of the SHZ 1, the formation of the corresponding narrow-gap air gaps 32 between opposite erhnostyami external lateral walls 50 separate container-type housing modules 6 (see. FIG. 20 ... 25, 29 ... 31, 33 ... 36, 44, 45). This allows you to implement the physical conditions for the intensification of the mechanism of diffraction absorption of sound energy in the process of circulating the propagated sound waves of the free end perimetric (peripheral) zones of the throat parts 30 of container-type housing modules 6. Additional strengthening of the noted mechanism of diffraction absorption of sound energy, with a concomitant increase in the effect of reducing noise levels generated by the transport stream (sources of noise radiation 2) used by SZE 1, is perforated by the applied structures of the end elements located in the immediate areas around them by propagating sound waves (the outer side walls 50 of the separate container modules of the container type 6 and the supporting base 7, represented by a sheet matrix structure), see Fig. 27, 28, 35, 36, 45. In these cases, the presence of additionally expressed dissipative absorbers of sound energy, represented by perforation holes 29, 35, 38 through 51 or dead-end 52 channels, made in a tablet sound absorber 37, communicated by formed through communicating communication channels with porous dissipative sound energy absorbers, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements 9, formed into tablet sound absorbers 37, allows to increase the amount ny dissipative effect absorption (dissipation) of the sound energy associated with its irreversible conversion to thermal energy, thereby reducing acoustic pollution in residential areas.

In order to confirm the effectiveness of the use of the proposed technical device SHZ 1, in FIG. 46 presents the results of determining the estimated acoustic indicator "equivalent sound absorption area" - A, in m ² , using the examples of the studied prototype test samples of 42 different structural compositions. In the breadboard test sample 42 of structural composition A, the outer side walls 23 of the large-sized detached housing module studied are made of a thin-walled plane-sheet polymer material 2.5 mm thick, the open neck portion 30 of which is covered by a fixed soundproof transparent panel 11, perforated by holes 19 made of a similar polymer structural material perforated through holes with k _per-faces = 0.25; the cavity of the prototype test sample 42 of the separate housing module is filled with a porous sound-absorbing substance, represented by 960 separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, each of which has a front surface area of 0.0025 m ² (excluding the area of the end surfaces). In structural compositions B and C, closed cavities of prototype test samples 42 are formed by families of used separate container-type housing modules 6, represented by thirty standard AAB cases with dismantled standard AAB covers and dismantled (removed) regular internal dividing walls 17. Their spatial location on the installation floor surface 41 measuring (research) reverberation cameras “Cabin Alpha” implemented with the appropriate education m uzkoshchelevyh clearances 32 between the opposite surfaces of the outer walls 23 (side walls 50) of the container body cavity AAB; the outer side walls 50 of the AAB 6 cases are perforated with perforation holes 35 with k _per-stn = 0.25, and their throat parts 30 are blocked by an integral monolithic large-sized flat-sheeted elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22 fixed on them, made of an integrally molded compressed fibrous sound-absorbing material with a thickness of 5 mm and a specific surface weight of 2.1 kg / m ² . In the breadboard test sample 42 of structural composition B, the integral monolithic large-sized plane-sheet elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22 is presented in a monolithic non-perforated design, while in the sample of structural composition B - perforated through holes, characterized by a wall perforation coefficient k _per-mb = 0.07. The results of experimental acoustic studies of prototypes of structural compositions B and C indicate the achievement of an additional increase in sound-absorbing properties from the implementation of the claimed essential features according to the presented technical solution. In particular, according to the test results of a prototype test sample 42 of structural composition B, an increase to 0.75 m ^{2 of} "equivalent sound absorption area A" was recorded (relative to the results achieved on a prototype of structural composition A) in the entire controlled frequency range 400 ... 10000 Hz. Additional perforation of the wall structure of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane 22 of the prototype test sample 42 in accordance with structural composition B, provides an additional (relative to the prototype test sample 42 of structural composition B) increase to 0.27 m ^{2 of} “equivalent sound absorption area” in the frequency range 400 ... 10000 Hz

Of course, the claimed invention is not limited to the specific constructive examples of its implementation described in the text and shown in the accompanying figures. Some minor changes in the various structural elements or materials from which these structural elements are made, or their replacement with technically equivalent ones that do not go beyond the scope of the claims indicated by the claims, remain possible.

Claims (15)

1. A soundproofing screen containing a foundation base, a basement, a bearing base, transverse struts, longitudinal profiles, a rear soundproof panel, a front soundproof panel perforated through holes, soundproof panels, characterized in that the soundproof panels are made in the form of interlocked separate container housing modules of the type represented by cavity tanks with dismantled covers of car battery housings that have completed their life cycle and subject to recycling, which are mounted in separate cells of the carrier base, represented by a sheet or rod carrier matrix structure, fixed to the transverse struts, and / or to longitudinal profiles, and / or to the rear sound-reflecting panel, and / or to the base of the soundproofing screen, in the cavity containers of separate container-type housing modules, represented by cavity containers of automobile battery housings with disassembled covers, tableted sound absorbers are placed and formed by adhesive compounds into monolithic porous sound-absorbing structures composed of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made from sound-absorbing porous air-blown fibrous polymeric materials and / or open-cell foamed and / or non-porous air-blown fibrous or polymeric and / or dense non-porous non-porous, airborne polymeric materials represented by solid recyclable materials rows prone recycled processing, wherein the neck portion of cavity containers separate container-type housing modules, housings provided with lids dismantled automobile battery, covered the mounted sound-absorbing elastic membrane to form families of closed containers acoustical cavity. 2. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane is in the range t _mb = 3 ... 40 mm, and its specific surface weight is m _mb = 0.5 ... 6 kg / m ² . 3. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the volumes of individual isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements are in the range of V _f = 1.2 × (10 ^-7 ... 10 ^-4 ) m ³ and the density of the monolithic porous structure formed by them in the composition of tableted sound absorbers is ρ _f = 10 ... 800 kg / m ³ . 4. The noise screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane is additionally perforated through holes and is characterized by a perforation coefficient k _{per mb} ≥0.05. 5. Noise protection screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface contours of the elastic sound-absorbing membrane are given a flat-sheeted or convex geometric shape in the form of truncated geometric figures of a pyramid, a segment of a sphere, and a cone. 6. Noise protection screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforation coefficient of the outer walls of the separate container-type housing modules, represented by the cavity capacities of the cases with dismantled covers of automobile batteries, is characterized by a range of values of k _per-stn ≥0.25. 7. The noise screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforation coefficient of the walls of the supporting base k _per-lms , represented by a perforated sheet matrix structure, is characterized by a range of values of k _per-lms ≥0.25. 8. Noise protection screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforation coefficient of the wall of the front soundproof panel k _per-faces is k _per-faces ≥0.25. 9. The noise shield according to claim 1, characterized in that the sound-absorbing panels are mounted on both sides of the wall surface of the rear sound-reflecting panel. 10. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous structure of the tabletted sound absorber contains at least one end-to-end OR one dead-end channel. 11. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the side and / or bottom walls and / or internal partitions of the tabletted sound absorber are additionally perforated through holes and are characterized by a perforation coefficient k _per-tz ≥0.05. 12. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear side of the bottom wall of the tabletted sound absorber is located with a predetermined amount of air gap relative to the opposite surface of the inner side of the bottom wall of the separate container housing of the container type. 13. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the separate container-type housing modules are mounted in separate cells of the carrier base with the formation of narrow-gap air gaps between the opposite external surfaces of their side walls. 14. The soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surfaces of the tabletted sound absorber are lined with supporting soundproof shells, represented by a soundproof protective and decorative layer of a nonwoven fabric, or a soundproof film, or soundproof fabric material. 15. Soundproofing screen according to claim 1, characterized in that a mortar soundproof reinforcing element is mounted inside the porous structure of the tablet sound absorber, presented in the form of a corresponding mesh or rod or plate-perforated structure.

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