RU2613012C1 - Rotary piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: in the rotor-piston internal combustion engine, in cross-section, rotor 2 is a Reuleaux triangle and located eccentrically in a cylindrical cavity of stator 1. In the tops of rotor 2 in the grooves, U-shaped rectangular pistons 3, 4, 5 are placed. Pistons 3, 4, 5 are made with longitudinal slots. Wear resistant inserts are placed in the tops of pistons 3, 4, 5, 6. The volumes between the inner surface of pistons 3, 4, 5, rotor 2 and side covers form unchanged total oil volume where constant pressure is maintained by oil pumping. Nozzle 17 is placed in stator 1 in the second half of the third quarter of stator 1 if we start counting from the vertical symmetry axis of the working hole of stator 1 clockwise. Plugs 8, 9 are placed in the first and the fourth quarters of stator 1. Exhaust holes are placed in the second half of the second quarter of stator 1. Holes for injecting compressed air are placed in the first half of the third quarter or on the vertical symmetry axis of stator 1. The hole for oil injection into the internal volumes of the pistons is made in the end cap and placed in the first half of the third quarter of stator 1.

EFFECT: increased technological design of the rotary-piston engine, increased engine reliability and durability.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to engine building and can be used in all industries where internal combustion engines are used.

State of the art

Known rotary piston internal combustion engine (see patent RU 2091596, F02B 53/00, 1997). The engine comprises a housing with a cylindrical working cavity, a cylindrical monolithic rotor with three pistons mounted in the cavity of the housing so that their axes are parallel and not aligned, end caps of the housing with bearings for the rotor shaft from which power is removed, two pairs of intake and exhaust valves and rotor cooling and lubrication system with pistons. A channel is made along the axis of the rotor, and three slots through the channel are made through the radii parallel to the axis at an angle of 120 degrees to each other. Pistons are made in the form of free ends of rectangular plates, which with minimal gaps are placed in the slots of the rotor with the possibility of movement. Pistons, ends of the rotor and plates with minimal gaps are adjacent to the inner surface of the working cavity of the housing. Channels for cooling and lubricating fluid are made inside the shaft and bearings, which form a through channel with the rotor channel, the input of which is connected to the valve output of the liquid cooling and lubrication system, and the output is the input of another valve of this system.

However, this engine design is complex because it contains a camshaft, gears, pushers, intake and exhaust valves, rocker arms, in addition, there is no supply of lubricating fluid to the ends of the rotor and pistons. All this reduces the reliability and performance of the engine.

Known rotary internal combustion engine (see patent RU 2431751, IPC F02B 55/02, F01C 1/46, F01C 19/04, 2011). The engine comprises a housing with a cylindrical cavity, a housing cover, a shaft rotatably mounted in the housing in the center of the cavity, the cavity in the housing is divided into two closed working cavities, each of which contains a cylindrical rotor mounted eccentrically on the shaft. The engine contains three movable shutters, constantly pressed against the rotor, dividing the volume of the concentric space into three working chambers with a changing volume during rotation of the shaft. Each of the working chambers is a combustion chamber with a suction valve and a channel for displacing the exhaust gas. The engine also contains radial and mechanical seals for sealing the chambers, a device for supplying fuel to the combustion chambers, a gas distribution system, an electronic ignition system, and a cooling system.

The disadvantages of this engine are: design complexity with insufficient efficiency due to the fact that in the closed working cavity all the working chambers are combustion chambers, in each of them the rotor travels in two rotations of the shaft, since only one revolution of the shaft in each combustion chamber is realized two cycles - “suction” and “compression”, and for the full cycle of the combustion chamber of the engine it is necessary to repeat them, which is due to the presence of a second closed working cavity with a rotor, this, in turn, clo for a complication of the design due to its content of complex valve systems with kinematic mechanism. Known rotary piston engine (see patent RU 2564175 C1, IPC F02B 55/02, F01C 1/344, F01C 19/04, 2015). The rotary piston internal combustion engine contains an outer casing — a stator, side covers, a rotor, an ignition system, a nozzle, a compressor or a turbocharging system, an oil pump, a cooling system, and sealing elements.

The inner surface of the stator is made in cross section in the form of an ellipse. In cross section, the rotor is made in the form of a triangle of Relo. At the tops of the rotor in the grooves are placed U-shaped blades in the form of rectangular pistons. The volumes between the inner surface of the pistons, the rotor and the side caps form a constant total oil volume. In the total volume, constant pressure is maintained by pumping oil from the oil pump through a non-return valve. At the tops of the pistons are wear-resistant inserts made of porous material. The nozzle is placed in the stator on the vertical axis of symmetry of the working hole of the stator. The ignition system in the form of two candles is placed in the first and second quarters of the stator (if counted from the vertical axis of symmetry of the working hole of the stator clockwise). The exhaust hole is made in the second half of the third quarter of the stator. A hole for injecting compressed air is made in the second half of the fourth quarter of the stator.

This engine design is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this engine is the following: a) the stator has a working hole in the cross section in the form of an ellipse, and this reduces the manufacturability in its manufacture; b) the wear-resistant inserts located at the tops of the pistons are made of porous material, which leads to gradual clogging of the pores with microparticles contained in the oil, which makes it difficult to supply oil to rubbing surfaces and leads to increased wear, which reduces the durability and reliability of the engine; c) the injection channel for compressed air and the exhaust channel for exhaust gases have one hole in the stator, which is not enough for normal engine operation, especially at high speeds, when one chamber does not have time to fill with compressed air and the other chamber does not have time to get rid of exhaust gases .

The objective of the invention is to increase the manufacturability of the design of a rotary piston engine, increasing its reliability and durability.

The problem is achieved in that the proposed rotary piston internal combustion engine contains an outer stator housing with an inner working surface made in cross section in the form of a circle, side stator covers, discharge and exhaust holes on the stator for gas exchange in the combustion chambers, a rotor, when the help of the shaft located eccentrically in the cylindrical working cavity of the stator and made in cross section in the form of a triangle. Relo, mounted on a fixed fit on a cylindrical shaft, ory mounted on support bearings disposed in the side covers of the stator. Three grooves are made uniformly from each other at 120 degrees at the tops of the rotor, and U-shaped blades in the form of rectangular pistons or rectangular spring-loaded pistons are placed in the grooves. Rectangular pistons are made with longitudinal slots located in the middle of the pistons.

The volumes between the inner surface of the pistons, the rotor and the side covers of the stator are filled with oil under pressure, and these internal volumes of the three pistons are interconnected by channels for the flow of oil and form the total volume of oil, which remains unchanged in any position of the rotor during its rotation in the stator and radial reciprocating movement of the pistons in the rotor. An oil channel is made in the side cover of the stator to maintain constant pressure in the total volume by pumping oil through a check valve into the internal volumes of the pistons from the oil pump.

At the tops of the pistons there are wear-resistant inserts made in the cross section in the form of trapezoids, which, like the tops of the pistons, come into contact with the rotation of the rotor with the cylindrical working surface of the stator. Wear-resistant inserts are made of pore-free material and are embedded in the pistons along a sliding fit with a gap for oil to leak through it to the rubbing surfaces of the piston and stator tops. The surface of the top of each piston and the insert inserted into it in cross section is made according to a second-order curve. At the top of each piston, channels are made that are connected to the surface of the wear-resistant insert for seeping under a certain oil pressure through the micro-gaps along the side surface of the insert to lubricate the sliding surfaces of the pistons and the cylindrical working surface of the stator.

The engine also contains an ignition system in the form of two candles for igniting the air-fuel mixture, an injector for injecting fuel into the chambers, a compressor or a turbocharging system for injecting compressed air into the chambers, an oil pump for lubricating and operating the engine, an engine cooling system, and sealing elements integrated into the rotor and pistons for sealing chambers of variable volume. The nozzle is placed in the stator in the second half of the third quarter of the stator (counting from the vertical axis of symmetry of the stator working hole clockwise), the ignition system in the form of two candles is placed in the first and fourth quarters of the stator, the exhaust holes are made along the generatrix of the cylindrical working surface of the stator and placed in the second half of the second quarter of the stator, the holes for injecting compressed air into the chambers are made along the generatrix of the cylindrical working surface of the stator and placed in ervoy third quarter or half of the vertical axis of symmetry of the stator, a hole for injecting oil into the inner volume of the piston formed in the side cover and taken in the first half of the third quarter of the stator.

It is possible to perform the proposed engine in such a way that the housing of each piston and the wear-resistant insert are made of the same material with the aim of uniform wear during operation.

It is known that the sum of the values of three radii, the center of which is eccentric relative to the center of the circle and they are located at an angle of 120 degrees to each other, is a constant value for a given circle for any arrangement of this configuration of radii in a circle. In the proposed engine, this means that the total volume between the inner surfaces of the pistons, the rotor and the side covers of the stator, which is filled with oil fluid, remains unchanged in any position of the rotor when it rotates in a cylindrical stator. When the rotor rotates, the pistons radially reciprocate along the sides of the rotor grooves, and the oil flows through the channels from the piston to the piston, thereby preserving the oil pressure in the pistons and in the total volume.

Since the liquid in the form of oil in the closed total volume and due to the non-return valve is incompressible, no shock forces during the explosion of the air-fuel mixture in the chamber can form a gap between the piston tip and the working cylindrical surface of the stator, therefore the piston tops move along the cylindrical surface of the stator without gaps, at This breakthrough of burning gases into neighboring chambers is impossible. All this improves dynamics and increases engine reliability. Pistons in the rotor can, as an option, be spring-loaded, however, with some springs in the pistons, the engine will be difficult to operate, since burning gases from the explosion of the air-fuel mixture can break into neighboring chambers. Therefore, the pistons must also be filled with oil liquid to exclude the possibility of a breakthrough of burning gases in neighboring chambers due to the incompressibility of the liquid.

The inner working surface of the stator is made in cross section in the form of a circle and the working surface of the stator is a straight circular cylinder, which increases the manufacturability of the stator design, since it is much easier to bore and grind the circular cylinder with great accuracy than to process the ellipse specified in the prototype.

Rectangular pistons are made with longitudinal slots located in the middle of the pistons. This is necessary for lubricating the end surfaces of the rotor, pistons and side covers, as well as for elastic deformation of the pistons in width, as a result of which, under the influence of oil pressure, the side surfaces of the pistons are constantly pressed against the side surfaces of the rotor grooves and, thereby, sliding of the rubbing parts without gaps is ensured . The surface of the top of each piston and the insert inserted into it in cross section is made according to a second-order curve, as a result of which the surfaces of the tops of the pistons also come into contact with the surface of the stator working cylinder during rotation of the rotor, as are the inserts built into the pistons. This reduces piston wear and increases engine durability.

An injection hole for compressed air and an exhaust outlet for exhaust gases, each is additionally equipped with several holes located along the generatrix of the cylindrical working surface of the stator. This is necessary for accelerated gas exchange in the chambers, especially at increased rotor speeds.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view (cross section) of an engine; in FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section AA in FIG. one; in FIG. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 - general views explaining the principle of engine operation. The engine consists of a stator 1 (outer casing), a rotor 2 (see Fig. 1) mounted on the shaft 18 (see Fig. 2) and fixed on it with a key 11. The shaft 18 is mounted on thrust bearings 19 located in the side covers 21, 24. In the rotor 2 are U-shaped rectangular pistons 3, 4, 5 (see Fig. 1), made with the possibility of radial reciprocating movement in the rotor 2.

Pistons 3, 4, 5 and channels 12 are filled with oil fluid 7. Wear resistant inserts are placed at the tops of the pistons 3, 4, 5 6. Stator 1 contains fittings 14 for injecting compressed air into the chambers. The stator 1 also contains fittings 13 for exhaust exhaust. Spark plugs 8, 9 are placed in the stator 1. A hole 16 is made in the side cover 24 for injecting oil into the internal volumes of the pistons through the fitting 15 with a non-return valve built into it. In the stator 1 there is a nozzle 17 for spraying fuel into the chambers. The stator contains cavities 10 for pumping coolant through them.

The stator 1 and the side covers 21, 24 are interconnected by bolts and pins 22 (see Fig. 2). Side covers 21, 24 include covers 20 to protect bearings 19 from dust and dirt. The side covers 21, 24 contain pads 23 that serve to prevent the pins 22 from falling out of vibration.

In FIG. 3 shows a general view of the engine and the chamber 25 formed between the pistons 3 and 5, at the time of injection of compressed air into it from the channels 26 through the fittings 14. The rotor with the pistons rotates clockwise. In FIG. 4 shows a general view and a chamber 27 located between the pistons 3, 5, at the time of injection of fuel into the nozzle 17. In FIG. 5 shows a general view of the engine at the time of ignition of the compressed air-fuel mixture in the chamber 28 from the operation of the spark plugs 8 and 9. FIG. 6 shows a general view and a chamber 29 located between the pistons 3, 5 with the spent working mixture, which is then removed from the chamber into the exhaust channels 30 through the fittings 13. FIG. 7 shows a general view of the engine and the chamber 31 located between the pistons 3, 5 at the moment at which it is purged from the residues of the exhaust mixture with compressed air from the channels 26 into the exhaust channels 30. A longitudinal slot 32 is made on each piston.

The principle of operation of a rotary piston engine.

We consider the operation of the engine as an example of a cycle of the working chamber 25 formed between the pistons 3 and 5, the surface of the rotor 2, the side covers 21, 24 and the inner cylindrical surface of the stator 1 (see Fig. 3). When the rotor 2 is rotated clockwise and the pistons 3, 5 are located, as shown in FIG. 3, compressed air is pumped into the chamber 25 from the openings 26 to a pressure above atmospheric pressure, which has compressed air. Further rotation of the rotor 2 moves the working chamber into the third and fourth quarters of the stator 1, pos. 27 (see Fig. 4), and the holes 26 for injecting compressed air are blocked by the piston 5. At this point, fuel is injected into the chamber 27 in atomized form by the nozzle 17, thereby, the cycle of formation of the air-fuel mixture in the chamber is performed.

Further rotation of the rotor 2 moves the working chamber into the first and fourth quarters of the stator 1, pos. 28 (see Fig. 5), while the air-fuel mixture in the chamber 28 is finally compressed, and its pressure and temperature increase, a compression stroke is performed. At this moment, a high voltage is supplied to the electrodes of the spark plugs 8, 9 and the resulting sparks ignite the air-fuel mixture compressed in the combustion chamber 28, while the gas pressure from their combustion is transferred to the pistons 3 and 5. At this moment, the top of the piston 3 is more distant from the axis of rotation rotor than the top of the piston 5, i.e. the working area of the piston 3 is greater than the working area of the piston 5 and the gas pressure on the working area of the piston 3 is converted into torque and into the rotational movement of the rotor 2 with the shaft 18, the stroke begins.

Further rotation of the rotor 2 moves the working chamber into the first and second quarters of the stator 1 pos. 29 (see Fig. 6), a beat is made - a working stroke. The working chamber 29 reaches the maximum expansion volume, and when the piston 3 crosses the exhaust holes 30, the exhaust gas cycle is performed. The pressure in the working chamber 29 decreases and reaches atmospheric values. In addition, there is a saturation of the adjacent chamber between the pistons 3 and 4 with fresh air from the discharge holes 26.

Further rotation of the rotor 2 moves the working chamber into the first and second quarters of the stator 1, pos. 31 (see Fig. 7). At the same time, the top of the piston 3 crosses the injection holes 26 and the compressed air from the holes 26 rushes into the chamber 31, it is purged from the residual exhaust gases into the exhaust holes 30, and the chamber, pistons and rotor are also cooled. Thus, the working chamber is cleaned of exhaust gases.

In each piston, a longitudinal slot 32 is made (see FIG. 7) located in the middle of the piston. This is necessary for lubricating the end surfaces of the rotor, pistons and side covers, as well as for elastic deformation of the pistons in width, as a result of which, under the influence of oil pressure, the side surfaces of the pistons are constantly pressed against the side surfaces of the rotor grooves, ensuring friction parts to slip without gaps.

Further rotation of the rotor 2 moves the working chamber located between the pistons 3 and 5 to its original position, pos. 25 (see FIG. 3), then the duty cycle is repeated. Similarly, a working cycle occurs in the remaining chambers between the pistons 3, 4 and 4, 5. In each chamber, from the moment of injection of fuel into it and injection of compressed air per revolution of rotor 2, a four-stroke duty cycle is performed, and rotor 2 and shaft 18 from each chamber loaded with a torque, which rotates the rotor 2 with the shaft 18.

The stator is cooled by pumping coolant through cavities made in the outer casing and in its side covers. The rotor and pistons are cooled by blowing and forcing the chambers with compressed air, as well as by heat removal through the oil fluid to the cooled side covers of the stator.

The proposed engine design allows you to increase its power by increasing the size of the engine in diameter and length, as well as by building sections of the engines.

Thus, the rotary piston engine allows you to perform all the tasks of the invention.

The proposed rotary piston internal combustion engine will find application in the automotive, aircraft and other industries that require compact and reliable engines.

Claims (2)

1. A rotary piston internal combustion engine comprising an outer casing — a stator with an inner working surface, side stator covers, a discharge and exhaust openings on a stator for gas exchange in combustion chambers, a rotor located in the stator and made in cross-section in the form of a Röhlo triangle, mounted on a fixed fit on a cylindrical shaft, which is mounted on bearings located in the side covers of the stator, three grooves are made uniformly apart from each other at 120 degrees in the rotor tops, and in the grooves of the ra U-shaped blades are placed in the form of rectangular pistons or rectangular spring-loaded pistons, the volumes between the inner surface of the pistons, the rotor and the side covers of the stator are filled with oil under pressure, and these internal volumes of the three pistons are interconnected by channels for oil flow and form the total oil volume, which remains unchanged in any position of the rotor during its rotation in the stator and the radial reciprocating motion of the pistons in the rotor, in the side cover of the stator is made An open channel for maintaining constant pressure in the total volume by pumping oil through a non-return valve into the internal volumes of the pistons from the oil pump; wear-resistant inserts are placed at the tops of the pistons, made in the cross section in the form of trapezoidal contacts that rotate with the rotor working surface at the apex channels of each piston are made, which are connected to the surface of the wear-resistant insert for seeping under a certain oil pressure through micro-gaps along the side surface of the insert for I lubricate the sliding surfaces of the pistons and the inner working surface of the stator, the engine also contains an ignition system in the form of two candles for igniting the air-fuel mixture, an injector for injecting fuel into the chambers, a compressor or a turbocharging system for injecting compressed air into the chambers, an oil pump for lubricating and operating the engine , engine cooling system, sealing elements integrated in the rotor and pistons for sealing chambers of variable volume, characterized in that the internal working surface of the stato The cross section is made in the form of a circle and the working surface of the stator is a straight circular cylinder, and the rotor is eccentrically located in the cylindrical working cavity of the stator, the rectangular pistons are made with longitudinal slots located in the middle of the pistons, the wear-resistant inserts are made of pore-free material and are integrated into the pistons along a sliding fit with a gap for oil to leak through it under oil pressure to the rubbing surfaces of the piston and stator tops, the top surface of each piston and The wear-resistant inserts in it in cross section are made according to a second-order curve, an injection hole for compressed air and an exhaust hole for exhaust gases, each equipped with an additional several holes located along the generatrix of the cylindrical working surface of the stator, the nozzle is placed in the stator in the second half of the third quarter stator, if you count from the vertical axis of symmetry of the working hole of the stator clockwise, the ignition system in the form of two candles is placed in the first the fourth and fourth quarters of the stator, the exhaust holes are made along the generatrix of the cylindrical working surface of the stator and placed in the second half of the second quarter of the stator, the holes for injecting compressed air into the chambers are made along the generatrix of the cylindrical working surface of the stator and placed in the first half of the third quarter or on the vertical axis of symmetry the stator, and the hole for pumping oil into the internal volumes of the pistons is made in the side cover and placed in the first half of the third quarter of the stator. 2. The rotary piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of each piston and the wear-resistant insert are made of the same material with the aim of uniform wear during operation.

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