RU2691693C1 - Method of producing liquid humic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: method of producing liquid humic fertilizer involves stirring repeatedly the humic-containing material, which is a waste of production of a liquid-phase biological agent for plant growing and farming, obtained by fermentation during 5 days of a peat-and-worm mixture at a component ratio of 50:50 with addition of wood ash in amount of 3 wt. % with subsequent extraction of 1 % potassium phosphate solid-phase fermentation product and filtration of extracted mass, as a result of which precipitate is obtained, with 1.5–2.0 % aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, settling suspension and separating and combining liquid fraction, wherein first time humic-containing material is mixed with preheated to 60 °C 1.5–2.0 % aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide in ratio 1:5 by weight of dry substance at rate of 20 rpm, second time mixing obtained after first mixing suspension with preheated to 60 °C 1.5–2.0 % aqueous solution of caustic potassium taken in initial volume, and third time – sediment after supernatant separation after second mixing.EFFECT: invention enables to obtain effective liquid humic fertilizer.1 cl, 1 dwg, 6 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to waste-free production of environmentally friendly liquid humic fertilizers for agriculture on the basis of peat containing humic acids, macro - and microelements and can be used to improve the growth and development of plants, feeding of various crops, improve soil fertility.

Many technical solutions are known that reveal methods for producing liquid humic fertilizers by treating a humified material (water-peat suspension, peat, sapropel, composts, humus horizons of different soil types, etc.) with an alkaline reagent, settling the suspension and separating the liquid fraction, adding the source substance elements of mineral nutrition of plants (AS USSR №442180, IPC C05F 11/02, 1972; Pat. RF №2071459, IPC C05F 11/02, 1993; Pat.RF №2015949, IPC C05F 3/00, C05F 11 / 02, 1991; Pat. RF № 2178777, IPC C05F 11/02, 2000; Pat. RF № 2181710, IPC C05F 11/02, C05F 3/00, 2000).

A disadvantage of the known technical solutions is the need to enrich the obtained liquid humic fertilizer with elements of mineral nutrition of plants in order to obtain effective humic fertilizer, which leads to an increase in the cost and complexity of the production process of liquid humic fertilizers for agriculture, which increases the cost of the fertilizers, directly affecting the cost of agricultural products.

A method of obtaining a liquid humic fertilizer (RF patent №2520144, IPC C05F 3/00, C05F 11/02, 2014, prototype), which includes mixing three times the humic-containing material, which is a waste of production of liquid-phase biologic for crop production and agriculture, obtained by conducting a fermentation process for 5 days peat mixture at a ratio of 50:50 with the addition of wood ash in the amount of 3 wt. %, Followed by extraction with a 1% solution of potassium phosphate of the solid phase of the fermentation product by filtration and extracted mass, whereby a precipitate is obtained, which is the active principle of the organic carbon material C _org - 30,0-40,0 wt. %, and, in addition, includes macronutrients: nitrogen N _obsch. - 1.15-1.80, wt. %; phosphorus P ₂ O ₅ - 1.4-2.2, wt. %; potassium K ₂ O - 1.0-2.3, wt. %; calcium CaO - 1.1-1.6, wt. %; magnesium MgO - 0.2-0.8, wt. % and trace elements, at least, boron, copper, cobalt, manganese, selenium, silicon, with 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of caustic potassium each time in a ratio of 1:10 at a speed of 20 rpm, with temperature of 60 ° C for at least 1 hour, settling of the suspension after each stirring at 60 ° C for 2 hours, followed by separation and consolidation of the supernatant.

A disadvantage of the known liquid humic fertilizer is its low efficiency, due to the low content of the active principle, humic acids and potassium humates, which determine the effectiveness of this fertilizer. A high pH value (pH 13-14) also reduces the effectiveness of this fertilizer on plant growth and development. In addition, there is no strict approach to the moisture content of the source humic material, while the moisture content of the humic material has a significant impact on the amount of humic substances extracted from it, which also affects the efficiency of the finished humic fertilizer.

The problem solved by this invention is to increase the efficiency of liquid humic fertilizer for crop production and agriculture.

The technical result obtained from the solution of the task, is to obtain an effective liquid humic fertilizer used in crop production and agriculture, providing high yields of crops and expanding the range of known liquid humic fertilizers.

The task of the invention is solved in that in the method of producing liquid humic fertilizer, including mixing repeatedly the humic-containing material, which is a waste product of the production of liquid-phase biological means for crop production and agriculture, obtained by carrying out a fermentation process for 5 days with a ratio of 50:50 with the addition of wood ash in the amount of 3 wt. %, Followed by extraction with a 1% solution of potassium phosphate of the solid phase of the fermentation product by filtration and extracted mass, whereby a precipitate is obtained, which is the active principle of the organic carbon material C _org - 30,0-40,0 wt. %, and, in addition, includes macronutrients: nitrogen N _obsch. - 1.15-1.80, wt. %; phosphorus P ₂ O ₅ - 1.4-2.2, wt. %; potassium K ₂ O - 1.0-2.3, wt. %; calcium CaO - 1.1-1.6, wt. %; magnesium MgO - 0.2-0.8, wt. % and trace elements, at least, boron, copper, cobalt, manganese, selenium, silicon, with a 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of caustic potassium, settling the suspension and separating and combining the liquid fraction, the first time the humic material is mixed with a pre-heated to 60 ° C 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of caustic potassium in the ratio of 1: 5 on a dry basis at a speed of 20 rpm. in intermittent mode: stirred four times for 5 minutes each time followed by settling for 30 minutes, the second time the humic-containing material obtained after the first mixing is mixed with a 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of caustic potassium suspension preheated to 60 ° C and preheated to 60 ° C 1 heated , 5-2.0% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, taken in the original volume, and the third time, the precipitates after separating the supernatant after the second mixing, while mixing is carried out in intermittent mode, and the separation and combining of the supernatant STI is performed after the second and third mixings in which phosphoric acid is introduced at room temperature at the rate of 5 ml to 1 liter of supernatant combined with small portions while stirring the combined supernatant at 60 rev / min. within 10 min. and subsequent upholding it for 30 minutes. and mixing at a speed of 20 rpm. for 5 minutes

During the development of a new method for producing liquid humic fertilizer, ways of increasing the efficiency of humic fertilizer were investigated, resulting in the choice of the quantitative ratio of the extractant and the initial humic material, taking into account its humidity, the mode of extraction of humic acids and potassium humates from the original humic material, a decrease in the pH value.

It is possible to increase the content of active humic acid and potassium humates in a liquid humic fertilizer, possibly by selecting the quantitative ratio of the extractant and the initial humic material, taking into account the moisture content of the latter. The different proportions of the humic waste from the production of liquid-phase biologic for crop production and farming to a 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of caustic potassium on a dry matter affect the content of active substances (humic acids and potassium humates) in the final fertilizer and the final product yield ( Tables 1, 2).

The ratio of humic-containing waste from the production of liquid-phase biological means for crop production and farming to a 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of caustic potassium, equal to 1: 5 for dry matter, provides a liquid humic fertilizer with the most optimal combination of the content of active substances (humic acids and potassium humates) and the volume of the final product. A lower ratio of humic material to a 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of caustic potassium, equal to 1: 3 on dry matter, contributes to a significant reduction in the yield of the finished humic fertilizer, which is not economically feasible. At high ratios of humic-containing waste from the production of liquid-phase biological means for crop production and agriculture to a 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of caustic potassium, equal to 1: 7 and 1:10 in dry matter, lower-quality humic fertilizer is obtained.

In addition, the determination and consideration of the moisture content of the humic material in each case helps to obtain a humic fertilizer of constant composition.

The mode of mixing the humic material with a 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, consisting in four-fold stirring at a speed of 20 rpm. within 5 min. followed by settling each time for 30 minutes, helps to obtain a supernatant that is more saturated with humic substances. The humic material, which is a waste product of liquid-phase biological media for crop production and agriculture, is a mass of 65-70% moisture, mixing which intermittently with an aqueous solution of caustic potassium is aimed at maximizing the extraction of humic substances from it, as a result of the interaction of the maximum surface of solid particles with the extractant, excluding their caking and the formation of stagnant zones. Subsequent settling contributes to a smaller removal of solid particles during the separation of the liquid fraction. Conducting these operations, ultimately, allows to extract humic substances as much as possible and reduce the loss of humic material in the production of liquid humic fertilizer.

To reduce the pH value (pH) of the finished liquid humic fertilizer, orthophosphoric acid is used at the rate of 5 ml per 1 liter of the combined supernatant, which reduces the pH value from 12.0-14.0 to 7.0-9.0. At the same time, the pH of the working solution of humic fertilizer acquires a neutral value, which favorably affects both vegetative plants in the case of foliar nutrition and seeds in the case of their treatment before sowing. In addition, phosphoric acid additionally enriches humic fertilizer with phosphorus, which is the main plant nutrient.

The mode of introduction of orthophosphoric acid into the combined supernatant is aimed at completing the chemical interaction of the combined supernatant and orthophosphoric acid and obtaining a homogeneous liquid humic fertilizer.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings.

FIG. shows a diagram explaining the method of obtaining liquid humic fertilizer; Table 1 shows the content of active ingredients in humic fertilizer and the yield of the final product, depending on the ratio of humic material to 1.5% aqueous solution of caustic potassium on a dry matter; Table 2 - the content of active substances in humic fertilizer and the yield of the final product, depending on the ratio of humic material to a 2.0% aqueous solution of caustic potassium on a dry matter; table 3 shows the characteristics declared liquid humic fertilizer in comparison with humic fertilizer prototype; Table 4 shows the effect of the declared liquid humic fertilizer on the growth and development of spring wheat of the “Irgin” variety in comparison with the humic fertilizer-prototype; table 4 explains the effect of the claimed liquid humic fertilizer on the yield of potato varieties "Vineta" in comparison with humic fertilizer prototype; Table 5 shows the effect of the claimed liquid humic fertilizer on the development of soil microorganisms under the Vineta potato variety.

The claimed method includes the following operations:

- mixing of the initial humic-containing material, which is a waste product of the production of liquid-phase biological means for crop production and agriculture, with a pre-heated to 60 ° C 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of caustic potassium with a ratio of components of 1: 5 on a dry matter in an intermittent mode: four times with a speed of 20 rpm. within 5 min. followed by settling the suspension each time for 30 minutes;

- introduction to the resulting suspension heated to 60 ° C 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide in the original volume and mixing it in an intermittent mode: four times at a speed of 20 rpm. within 5 min. followed by settling the suspension each time for 30 minutes;

- separation of the liquid fraction by draining the supernatant through a filter septum in the storage tank;

- introduction to the solid fraction - precipitate, heated to 60 ° C 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide in the original volume and mixing the suspension in intermittent mode: four times at a speed of 20 rpm. within 5 min. followed by settling the suspension each time for 30 minutes;

- separation of the liquid fraction by draining the supernatant through a filter septum in the storage tank;

- pooling supernatant;

- introduction into the combined supernatant in small portions of orthophosphoric acid at the rate of 5 ml per 1 liter of the combined supernatant with simultaneous stirring at a speed of 60 rpm. within 10 min .;

- settling the mixture of supernatant with phosphoric acid for 30 minutes and subsequent mixing at a speed of 20 rpm. for 5 minutes with receiving liquid humic fertilizer.

The technical result of the invention is shown in the examples of specific performance of the claimed method for producing liquid humic fertilizer.

Examples of specific performance of the claimed method.

Example 1

A container of 70 l is loaded with 10 kg of sediment, which is a humic-containing material — waste from the production of liquid-phase biological means for crop production and agriculture, with a humidity of 65%, into which 17.5 l of a 1.5% aqueous solution of caustic potassium heated to 60 ° C is introduced. The initial humic-containing material is mixed with a 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide preheated to 60 ° C at a ratio of components of 1: 5 on a dry matter basis in intermittent mode: four times at a speed of 20 rpm. within 5 min. followed by settling the suspension each time for 30 minutes. The sediment substance with its entire surface of solid particles interacts with an aqueous solution of caustic potassium, excluding their caking, the formation of stagnant zones and contributes to the activation of the humic complex, expressed in an increased content of mobile humic substances, which in the form of potassium humates and humic acids containing the largest number of active functional groups , are plant growth stimulants.

17.5 l of a 1.5% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide heated to 60 ° C are added to the resulting suspension (in the same container) and the components are mixed in intermittent mode: four times at a speed of 20 rpm. within 5 min. followed by settling the suspension each time for 30 minutes. After that, the liquid fraction is separated by draining the supernatant through a filter septum into an accumulation tank, and 17.5 liters of a 1.5% aqueous solution of caustic potassium heated to 60 ° C are added to the tank with sediment and the components are mixed in discontinuous mode: four times with a speed of 20 rpm. within 5 min. followed by settling the suspension each time for 30 minutes.

The liquid fraction is separated by draining the supernatant through a filter septum into a storage tank and combine with the previously obtained supernatant.

As a result of the selected mode of mixing of the humic material with a 1.5% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, consisting in four-fold mixing at a speed of 20 rpm. within 5 min. followed by settling each time for 30 minutes, the supernatant is more saturated with humic substances and the most complete extraction of humic substances from the humic material (Table 3).

Into the combined supernatant in small portions enter and simultaneously mix with a speed of 60 rpm. within 10 min. phosphoric acid at the rate of 5 ml per 1 liter of the combined supernatant. When this occurs, the pH value of the finished liquid fertilizer decreases from 12.0–13.0 to 8.0–9.0, which is beneficial for vegetative plants in the case of foliar feeding, as well as for seeds during their presowing treatment. In addition, phosphoric acid additionally enriches humic fertilizer with phosphorus, which is the main plant nutrient.

To complete the chemical interaction of the supernatant with phosphoric acid, the resulting liquid humic fertilizer is infused for 30 minutes. and finally stirred at a speed of 20 rpm. for 5 minutes to obtain a homogeneous composition.

The dark-brown concentrated supernatant obtained in the accumulator is a liquid humic fertilizer, the characteristics of which are presented in Table 3. The residue remaining after receiving the liquid humic fertilizer is recommended to be used in a diluted form as a top dressing of agricultural crops, green lawns, houseplants, and also as deoxidizing acid soils.

Example 2. Similar to example 1, but in the capacity of 70 l serves 17.5 l of a 2.0% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide heated to 60 ° C. The dark-brown concentrated supernatant obtained in the accumulator is a liquid humic fertilizer, the characteristics of which are also presented in Table 3.

Analyzing the data of table 3, we can conclude that the claimed method actually obtained an effective liquid humic fertilizer, which is characterized by a high content of the active principle - humic acids and potassium humates, as well as a favorable pH value of the finished fertilizer, which can be recommended for use in crop production to accelerate the germination of seeds, improve the growth and development of plants, as well as in agriculture to enhance soil microbiological processes.

The effectiveness of the liquid humic fertilizer obtained, which ensures high yields of agricultural crops and has an activating effect on soil-microbiological processes, is confirmed by the results of the experiments given in Tables 4-6.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing a liquid humic fertilizer, which includes mixing repeatedly the humic-containing material, which is a waste product of liquid-phase bioscience production for plant growing and agriculture, obtained by carrying out a 5-day-long peat-mix mixture during the fermentation process with the ratio of wood ash in an amount of 3 wt. %, Followed by extraction with a 1% solution of potassium phosphate of the solid phase of the fermentation product by filtration and extracted mass, whereby a precipitate is obtained, which is the active principle of the organic carbon material C _org - 30,0-40,0 wt. %, and, in addition, includes macronutrients: nitrogen N _total. - 1.15-1.80, wt. %; phosphorus Р ₂ O ₅ - 1.4-2.2, wt. %; potassium K ₂ O - 1.0-2.3, wt. %; calcium CaO - 1.1-1.6, wt. %; magnesium MgO - 0.2-0.8, wt. % and trace elements, at least, boron, copper, cobalt, manganese, selenium, silicon, with a 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of caustic potassium, settling the suspension and separating and combining the liquid fraction, characterized in that the first once the humic-containing material is mixed with a 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide in a 1: 5 ratio of dry matter preheated to 60 ° C at a speed of 20 rpm in a discontinuous mode: it is stirred four times for 5 minutes each time followed by settling for 30 minutes; the resulting mixture is mixed a second time. the first mixing of the humic-containing material with a pre-warmed to 60 ° C 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide a suspension with a pre-heated to 60 ° C 1.5-2.0% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide taken in the original volume, and the third time - the precipitate after separation of the supernatant after the second mixing, while mixing is carried out in intermittent mode, and the separation and consolidation of the supernatant is performed after the second and third mixing, in which phosphoric acid is introduced at room temperature at the rate of 5 ml per 1 liter of the combined supernatant in small portions with simultaneous stirring of the combined supernatant at a speed of 60 rpm for 10 minutes and subsequent sedimentation for 30 minutes and stirring at a speed of 20 rpm for 5 min 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the filtration of the extracted mass is carried out under a pressure of up to 3 atm.

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