RU2679275C1 - Truck tractor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: truck tractor contains a welded frame formed by side members and crossmembers, equipped in front of the towing device, suspension, steering, clutch, gearbox, transfer case, cardan transmission, braking system, batteries, cab, engine, engine cooling system, fuel tanks, tractor fifth wheel coupling. Frame contains gusset-crossmembers and L-shaped structural reinforcement plates, axle gearboxes, and wheel drive gears. Frame side members have a zee beam, which together with crossmembers and gussets form a common zee beam of a ladder-type frame and are made with windows to accommodate steering and wheel drive gears. Crossmembers are made with holes for accommodating cardan shafts, which are connected to the side members by means of a welded joint for the front and rear crossmembers and a welded-bolt joint for crossmembers located in the central part of the frame.EFFECT: technical result is to improve the performance of the car and its reliability.6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of engineering, namely to vehicles, and can be used for transportation of tracked and wheeled vehicles, as well as other bulky goods on the terrain and roads of all kinds at any time of the year.

State of the art

A known truck tractor, selected as the closest analogue (prototype), containing a welded frame formed by side members and cross members, equipped with a towing device in the front part, suspensions, steering, clutch, gearbox, transfer case, cardan gear, brake system, battery batteries, a cabin, an engine, an engine cooling system, fuel tanks, a fifth wheel tractor (see RU 145283 U1, publ. 09/20/2014, B62D 61/10).

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the claimed invention is to increase the operational characteristics of the car and its reliability.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the truck tractor contains a welded frame formed by side members and cross members, equipped with a towing device in the front part, suspensions, steering, clutch, gearbox, transfer case, cardan gear, brake system, batteries, cab, the engine, the engine cooling system, fuel tanks, the fifth wheel coupling of the tractor, the frame additionally contains crossbars, gussets and L-shaped design amplifiers, axle gearboxes, wheel wheels gearboxes with drives, while frame spars have a zeta-shaped profile, which, together with crossbars and scarves, form a common zeta-shaped profile of a ladder-type frame, and are made with windows for steering and drive gears, the crossbars are made with holes for accommodating cardan shafts, which connected to the side members by means of a welded joint for the front and rear cross members, and a welded-bolted joint for the cross members located in the central part of the frame, bridge gears are installed between the side member the frame and fixed on it to three fulcrum - two of which are located on the side members, and the third on the cross member, the cardan drive consists of five cardan shafts and eight interchangeable semi-axle cardan shafts, the brake system consists of open-type wheel brakes mounted on wheel gears , an auxiliary brake and a parking brake with a pneumatic control drive, the suspension of each wheel consists of a guide device, a torsion shaft, a spring and a shock absorber, a transfer case installed in the middle part of the frame, on brackets with covers that are attached to the frame side members, and in the lower part the transfer case is connected by a jet rod to the right frame side member, the cab is located in front of the engine and has a front hinged support mounted on brackets welded to the front cross member of the frame , and two rear supports mounted on brackets that are welded to the frame side members, the fifth wheel coupling is mounted on the rear cross member and has a saddle for supporting the hitching semi-trailer, made with spine of rolling in the longitudinal and transverse planes, which are placed under the clutch mechanism.

The claimed truck tractor may also further comprise a power take-off mounted on the frame after the transfer case, which is a single-stage three-shaft gearbox serving as a generator drive.

The claimed truck tractor may also further comprise a heating and ventilation system of the cab.

The claimed truck tractor may also further comprise a cabin ventilation system

The claimed truck tractor may also further comprise a windshield cleaning system.

The claimed truck tractor may also have three fuel tanks.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by the drawings:

Brief Description of the Drawings

FIG. 1 - design of a truck tractor, side view; FIG. 2 - design of a truck tractor, top view; FIG. 3 - design of a truck tractor, front view.

The implementation of the invention

The claimed truck tractor contains a welded frame (1) formed by side members and cross members, equipped with a towing device (2) in front, suspensions, steering, clutch, gearbox, transfer case, cardan gear, brake system, batteries, cab (3 ), the engine, the engine cooling system, fuel tanks (4), the fifth wheel coupling of the tractor (5), the frame additionally contains cross-braces and L-shaped design amplifiers, axle gearboxes, wheel gearboxes with drives (6), In this case, the frame spars have a zeta-shaped profile, which, together with the crossbars and scarves, form a common zeta-shaped profile of the ladder frame, and are made with windows for placing the steering gear and wheel gears; welded joint for front and rear cross-members, and welded-bolted joints for cross-members located in the central part of the frame, bridge gears are installed between the frame side members and mounted on it to three fulcrum - two of which are located on the side members, and the third on the cross member, the cardan drive consists of five cardan shafts and eight interchangeable semi-axle cardan shafts, the brake system consists of open-type wheel brakes mounted on wheel gears, an auxiliary brakes and parking brakes with pneumatic control, each wheel suspension consists of a guide device, a torsion shaft, a spring and a shock absorber, a transfer case is installed in the middle part of the frame, on brackets with covers that are attached to the frame side members, and in the lower part the transfer case is connected by a jet rod to the right frame side member, the cabin (3) is located in front of the engine and has a front hinged support mounted on brackets welded to the front the cross member of the frame, and two rear supports mounted on brackets that are welded to the side members of the frame (1), the fifth wheel coupling (5) is mounted on the rear cross member and has a saddle for supporting the hitching semi-trailer, made with the possibility of rolling in the longitudinal and transverse planes, under which the coupling mechanism is located.

The frame (1) is designed to accommodate aggregates and units of the tractor. The frame (1) of the tractor is welded, ladder-type, consists of two spars connected by welded cross-beams and scarves. Spars with a z-shaped profile have windows for placing steering and driving wheel gears. The cross members of the frame (1) are welded and have openings for cardan shafts. The front cross member serves as a bumper at the same time. The front frame (1) is equipped with two towing fingers. The force on each front towing pin during evacuation and towing should be no more than 400 kN (40 tf). A towbar is attached to the rear cross member. The towing device hook must not exceed 400 kN (40 tf) when towing. To fasten the tractor during transportation, mooring brackets are welded on the frame.

The suspension of the wheels of the first and second axles is independent, torsion, on the wishbones. The suspension of each wheel consists of a guiding device, elastic elements (a torsion shaft and a spring) and a shock absorber.

The tractor transmission consists of a clutch, gearbox, transfer case, four axle gearboxes, eight wheel gearboxes and a cardan gear. Torque from the engine through the clutch, gearbox, driveshaft, transfer case is transmitted through two cardan shafts to two through-drive gearboxes of bridges, and through two other cardan shafts to two other gearboxes of bridges. From axle gearboxes to drive gears of wheel gearboxes, torque is transmitted through semi-axial driveshafts. The torque from the driven gears of the wheel gears is transmitted directly to the wheels.

The transfer case is used to transmit torque from the gearbox to the gearboxes of the axles, to provide power take-off and to increase the torque when driving in difficult road conditions. The transfer case is installed in the middle part of the frame on brackets with covers that are attached to the frame side members and cover the transfer case suspension brackets with rubber cushions. In the lower part, the transfer case is connected by a jet draft to the right frame side member.

Cardan transmission is designed to transmit torque from the engine to the wheel gears. The cardan transmission of the tractor consists of a cardan shaft from the gearbox to the transfer case, cardan shafts from the transfer box to the axle gearboxes, eight interchangeable semi-axial cardan shafts. To transmit torque from the transfer case to the power take-off, there is a corresponding cardan shaft.

Bridge reducers are installed between the frame side members and are attached to the frame at three support points. The side brackets with the covers of the bearings of the bridge gears are attached to the frame side members and cover the glasses through the rubber bushings. The third gear support is bearing cups or covers, which are attached to the cross members of the frame via rubber pads with bolts, washers and nuts.

Wheel gearboxes are used to transmit torque from axle gearboxes to wheels and to increase the overall gear ratio of the power train. Gearboxes of unmanaged wheels are interchangeable on each side. The wheel gearbox is a pair of helical gears mounted in a cast steel casing.

The steering system of the tractor consists of a steering column with a cardan shaft, a cardan shaft that passes through the cab floor (3), the tightness of the cardan shaft and the cab floor is ensured by a sealing device, an angular gearbox, steering gear, steering gear to the steered wheels and a hydraulic power steering system. Steered are the wheels of the first and second axles. The driver can set the steering column in a position convenient for him in height and angle using the handwheel of the adjustment mechanism. The steering gear is mounted on a support under the cab on the left side member of the frame. The average gear ratio of the steering gear.

The brake system serves to stop the tractor and reduce the speed when approaching an obstacle, on descents, etc. The brake system consists of wheel brakes mounted on all wheels, a pneumohydraulic drive of the wheel brakes, an auxiliary (motor) brake and a parking brake with a pneumatic control drive.

Rechargeable batteries are designed to start the tractor engine with an electric starter and to supply electric energy to consumers of the tractor with the generator (engine) idle. The battery consists of six series-connected batteries.

Cabin (3) is designed to accommodate the crew, controls and installation of consumer equipment. The front hinge support of the cab (axis - rubber sleeve) is mounted on brackets welded to the front cross member of the frame (1), and the two rear supports (two rubber pads - tie bolt) are mounted on brackets that are welded to the frame side members (1). Rubber bushings and cushions provide external insulation of the cab from the effects of the road when the chassis moves. The cabin (3) consists of an all-metal frame welded from the base, the walls of the cabin and the roof. The cab (3) of the increased tractor has two doors and is equipped with thermal noise insulation, adjustable seats, a heating and ventilation system. In the windshield of the cabin there are two dull windows, the cleaning of which is carried out by electric wipers and washers. Outside, the cabin (3) is equipped with a headlight - spotlight, rear-view mirrors and a road train sign. For the convenience of landing, handrails and steps are installed in the cab. Units and assembly units mounted on the front outer wall of the cab are covered with a lid.

The fifth wheel coupling (5) is designed to swivel the tractor with a semi-trailer having a standard fifth wheel coupling. A fifth wheel coupling device with a lock hole in grips with a diameter of 89 mm or 101 mm according to GOST 12017-81 is installed on the tractor, which is attached to the tractor frame (1). The saddle on which the semi-trailer rests sways in the longitudinal and transverse planes. The coupling mechanism, located under the saddle support plate, consists of two grippers mounted on the axles, a locking fist with a rod and spring, a latch with an axis and spring, and a gripper lock handle. The saddle locking device automatically locks the semi-trailer king pin when driving in reverse under the braked semi-trailer (hitch), and also automatically releases the semi-trailer king pin when the tractor leaves the braked semi-trailer (uncoupling).

The heating system is designed to heat the cab and blow the cab windows to prevent them from freezing and fogging. The heating system is made dependent. It consists of a radiator, two fans, a control valve, inlet and outlet pipes and hoses. A radiator and two heater fans are installed in the cab in the middle of the front wall. Heated fluid enters the radiator from a faucet wrapped in an engine thermostat box, passes through an adjustment valve located under the radiator of the heating system, and enters the lower part of the heater radiator through a supply hose. From the radiator, the coolant is returned to the engine cooling system through the drain pipe and hose. Heated air is supplied by fans to the distributors, from which it can come: through two left air ducts to the left windshield and side windows; along two right air ducts to the right windshield and side windows; through the window of the dispenser to the legs of the crew. Air to the heater radiator enters through the outer hatch on the front wall of the cab. The front hatch cover is connected to the control handle, with the help of which it opens, and the outside air enters the radiator through the hatch. With the outer hatch closed, air enters the radiator from the cabin through the windows (slots) at the front wall of the cabin.

To improve the cleaning of the windshields, two washers are installed on the tractor. The washer consists of a tank with an internal pump and an electric motor, two nozzles located in front of the windshield, and pipelines. Washer tanks are installed on the front outer wall of the cab. The driver’s glass is washed from the left tank, and the right windshield from the right.

At the lower end of the suction tube in the tank there is a filter mesh that protects the jets from contamination. The washers are driven by a switch that is mounted on the steering column.

The filter ventilation unit is designed to clean the air entering the cabin at an ambient temperature of 50 ° C to minus 50 ° C. The filter-ventilation installation consists of a unit, an outlet duct, a control panel and mounting parts. The filter ventilation unit is mounted on the motor compartment behind the cab and consists of a frame, a filter-absorber and a housing in which an electric fan, a radio noise filter and a block of dust cartridges are located.

The power take-off is used to drive the customer’s generators. The power take-off torque is received from the transfer case through the driveshaft. The power take-off is a single-stage three-shaft gearbox with a gear ratio of 4. The drive shaft receives rotation from the driveshaft through the flange. A drive gear is mounted on the splines on the drive shaft. The drive shaft rotates on bearings. The pinion gear is engaged with two pinion shafts. Gear shafts are mounted on appropriate bearings. Couplings are mounted on the pinion shaft for connecting to the generators. All shafts with bearing assemblies are installed in a crankcase covered by a cover. To lubricate the nodes in the power take-off, oil is poured through the filler hole, the used oil is drained through the drain device. For better lubrication of the components, an oil pump is installed on the drive shaft. The oil pump draws oil from the crankcase through the oil intake 8.

Claims (6)

1. A tractor unit containing a welded frame formed by side members and cross members, equipped with a towing device in front, suspensions, steering, clutch, gearbox, transfer case, cardan gear, brake system, batteries, cab, engine, engine cooling system , fuel tanks, fifth wheel coupling device, characterized in that the frame further comprises a cross-brace and L-shaped design amplifiers, axle gearboxes, wheel gearboxes with drives, while the frame spars have a zeta profile, together with the crossbars and scarves form a common zeta profile of the ladder frame and are made with windows for steering and driving wheel gears, the crossbars are made with holes for accommodating cardan shafts that are connected to the spars by means of a welded joint front and rear cross-members and welded-bolt joints for cross-members located in the central part of the frame, bridge gears are installed between the frame side members and flaps on it at three fulcrum, two of which are located on the side members, and the third on the cross member, the cardan drive consists of five cardan shafts and eight interchangeable semi-axial cardan shafts, the brake system consists of open-type wheel brakes mounted on wheel gears, an auxiliary brake and parking brake with pneumatic control, the suspension of each wheel consists of a guide device, a torsion shaft, a spring and a shock absorber, the transfer case is installed in the middle it has parts of the frame on brackets with covers that are attached to the frame side members, and in the lower part the transfer case is connected by a jet link to the right frame side member, the cabin is located in front of the engine and has a front hinged support mounted on brackets welded to the front cross member of the frame, and two rear supports mounted on brackets that are welded to the frame side members, the fifth wheel coupling is mounted on the rear cross member and has a saddle for supporting the hitching semi-trailer, made with the possibility of rolling in Flax and transverse planes, which are placed under the clutch mechanism. 2. A truck tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a power take-off box mounted on the frame after the transfer case, which is a single-stage three-shaft gearbox serving as a generator drive. 3. The truck tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a cab heating and ventilation system. 4. The truck tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a cabin ventilation system. 5. The truck tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a windshield cleaning system. 6. The truck tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that it has three fuel tanks.

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