RU2658940C2 - Earthquake-resistant low noise building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, namely to repair, recovery or erection of aseismic buildings and structures. In the earthquake-proof building, which contains the vibration-insulated foundation, horizontal and vertical bearing structures with vibration insulation system, internal partitions, building roof, as well as door and window openings with reinforcement, base load-bearing floor slabs are equipped in the places of their fixation to the bearing walls of the building with a system of spatial vibration isolation consisting of horizontally located vibration isolators that receive vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertical vibration isolators, receiving horizontal static and dynamic loads, wherein floor in rooms is made on elastic base and comprises mounting plate, made of reinforced vibration damping concrete material, that is installed on the base plate of the inter-floor overlapping with the cavities through the layers of the vibration damping material and the waterproofing material with the clearance relative to the bearing walls of the production premise, cavity of the base plate is filled with a vibration dampening material, for example a foamed polymer, each set of vibration isolation system consists of a metal plate, four vibration isolators, two sheets of sandpaper to prevent slipping of the foundation elements and two supporting reinforced concrete blocks, and to protect the building from horizontal vibrations propagating along the ground, a system of vibration isolation along the vertical faces of the outer walls of the basement floor is constructed at the level of the foundation and overlap. Around the whole building there is a retaining wall, the buttresses that are connected to the ends of the bearing walls through the vibration isolators that are installed in the buttress niches. Each of the vibration isolators is made in the form of a symmetrical washer mesh vibration isolator containing a base that is located in the middle part of the vibration isolator and is made in the form of a plate with fastening holes, and the net elastic elements, the upper with the upper thrust washer and the lower with the lower thrust washer, are rigidly connected to the base by means of support rings, respectively, in the upper net elastic element, in the center, the dry friction damper is asymmetrically disposed in the form of an upper pressure washer rigidly connected to a centrally located ring enclosed by a coaxially arranged ring that is rigidly connected to the base, as well as in the lower net elastic element, in the center, the dry friction damper is asymmetrically disposed in the form of a lower pressure washer rigidly connected to a centrally located ring enclosed by a coaxially arranged ring rigidly connected to the base.

EFFECT: reinforcement of buildings or installations, reducing their vulnerability under action of wind loads and earthquakes, improved seismic safety, durability and service life.

1 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the reconstruction, restoration or construction of earthquake-resistant buildings and structures.

The closest technical solution is an earthquake-resistant building containing horizontal and vertical load-bearing structures, and at least one opening is made in at least one load-bearing vertical structure, in each of which there is a damper multilayer vibration-isolating support consisting of upper and lower support plates moreover, the said plate is rigidly connected to the vertical structure by means of connecting elements or reinforcing belts located in the openings [RF patent No. 120447 on the floor znuyu model - prototype].

The disadvantage of these known technical solutions are: the technical complexity of the device of vibration isolators at high levels of loading on vertical structures (tall buildings) for reconstructed, restored objects, as well as newly constructed hazardous ones.

A technically achievable result is an increase in the construction of buildings or structures, a decrease in their vulnerability when exposed to wind loads and earthquakes, an increase in their seismic safety, durability and residual life.

This is achieved by the fact that in an earthquake-resistant building containing a vibration-insulated foundation, horizontal and vertical load-bearing structures with a vibration isolation system, internal partitions, the roof of the building, as well as door and window openings with reinforcement, basic load-bearing floor slabs are provided in places of their attachment to the load-bearing walls of the building spatial vibration isolation system, consisting of horizontally located vibration isolators, perceiving vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically located x vibration isolators that accept horizontal static and dynamic loads, while the floor in the rooms is made on an elastic base and contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on the base plate of the floor with cavities through layers of vibration damping material and waterproofing material with a gap with respect to bearing walls of the production room, and the cavity of the base plate is filled with vibration damping material, for example polymer, and the elastic floor base is made of a rigid porous vibration-absorbing material, for example elastomer or polyurethane, with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30–45%.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of an earthquake-resistant building structure; FIG. 2 is a section through a floor of a building, in FIG. 3 is a diagram of the vibration isolation of the basement at the base of the building; FIG. 4 is a diagram of vibration isolation of a reinforced concrete slab at the base of a building; FIG. 5 is a general view of the vibration isolator, FIG. 6 is a section AA of the vibration isolator, FIG. 7 is a general view of the vibration damping insert in the cavities of the base plate of the floor, in FIG. 8 is an embodiment of a floor of a building, in FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a sound-absorbing element; FIG. 10 is a general view of a variant of a vibration isolator; FIG. 11 is a frontal section of this vibration isolator.

The earthquake-resistant low-noise building (Fig. 1) contains a vibration-insulated foundation 1, horizontal 3 and vertical 2 load-bearing structures with a vibration isolation system, internal partitions 4, the roof of building 5, as well as door 6 and window 7 openings with reinforcement.

The elastic floor base is made of a rigid porous vibration-absorbing material, for example, elastomer or polyurethane, with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30–45%.

The floor structure is made on an elastic foundation (Fig. 2) and contains a mounting plate 8 made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on the base plate 9 of the floor with cavities 10 through layers of vibration damping material 11 and waterproofing material 12 with a gap 13 relative to the bearing walls 2 buildings. In order to ensure effective vibration isolation of the mounting plate 8 in all directions, the layers of vibration damping material 11 and waterproofing material 12 are made with a flange that is tightly adjacent to the supporting structures of the walls 2 and the base supporting plate 9 of the floor.

To improve the vibration isolation and earthquake resistance of the building, the base bearing slabs 9 of the floor (Fig. 2 shows the slab 9 of the floor for only one floor of the building and on one side of the bearing walls 2) are equipped at the points of their attachment to the bearing walls of the building with a spatial vibration isolation system consisting of horizontally located vibration isolators 14 and 15, perceiving vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically located vibration isolators 16, perceiving horizontal static and dynamically load. A diagram of vibration isolators made of elastomer is shown in FIG. 5-6. Each of the vibration isolators 14, 15, 16 consists of rubber plates rigidly interconnected: upper 32 and lower 33 (Figs. 5 and 6), in which through holes 34 are made, located on the surface of the vibration isolator in a checkerboard pattern. The shape of the vibration isolators is made square or rectangular, and their side faces can be made in the form of curved surfaces of the n-th order, ensuring the uniform frequency of the vibration isolation system as a whole. The holes 34 have a cross-sectional shape that provides equal frequency vibration isolation.

The vibration isolation system of the foundation 17 with the basement 18 (Fig. 3) is carried out by installing the elevated part of the building on the vibration isolators (Fig. 5-6) while cutting it with anti-seismic seams (not shown) from neighboring buildings and the surrounding soil. To protect against vertical vibrations, vibration isolators are installed in the niches of the walls of basement floor 18 on sections of the strip foundation 19. Each set of vibration isolation systems consists of a metal plate, 4 vibration isolators (Figs. 5 and 6), 2 sheets of sandpaper to eliminate the possibility sliding basement elements and 2 supporting reinforced concrete blocks (not shown in the drawing).

To protect the building from horizontal vibrations propagating through the ground, a vibration isolation system is arranged along the vertical faces of the outer walls 20 of the basement floor 18 at the level of the foundation 17 and floors 9 (Fig. 2). To this end, a retaining wall is arranged around the entire building, the buttresses 21 of which are connected to the ends of the bearing walls through vibration isolators (Figs. 5 and 6), which are installed in the niches 22 of the buttresses 21. The design of the vibration-insulated building has increased rigidity.

The basement of the building is made in the form of a spatial frame structure made of monolithic reinforced concrete with overlapping and partitions included in the frame (not shown in the drawing). This design provides increased rigidity of the building, compensating for its decrease due to bearing on vibration isolators. For the same purpose, jumpers are reinforced above door and other openings (not shown in the drawing) so that the stiffness of the partitions does not change, and the foundation 17 is made in the form of a tape cross structure with a height of about 50 cm, protruding above the foundation slab.

In FIG. 4 is a diagram of the vibration isolation of a reinforced concrete slab consisting of interconnected reinforced concrete beams 23 at the base of the building, which is a variant of vibration protection without jacks and includes at least four mesh vibration isolators 24 (Figs. 5 and 6) installed between the metal plate 25 and reinforced concrete beam 23, located at the base 26 of the building, made in one piece with at least eight strip foundation blocks 27 and 28, which are kind of “traps”, and each of the metal plates 25 mounted on at least three reinforced concrete pillars-supports 29. Between each strip foundation blocks 27 and 28 and each of the reinforced concrete beams 23 sand cushions 30 are installed, and strain gages 31 are mounted under the rubber vibration isolators 24, which monitor the settlement of vibration isolators 24. Sand cushions 30 are installed in metal split clips.

Each of the vibration isolators 24 (Figs. 5 and 6) is made of a washer mesh and contains a base 32 in the form of a plate with mounting holes 33, a mesh elastic element 38, the lower part resting on the base 32 and fixed by the lower washer 37, rigidly connected to the base, and the upper fixed by the upper thrust washer 36, rigidly connected to the centrally located piston 35, covered with a gap by a coaxially located sleeve 34, rigidly connected to the base 32. An elastomer is located between the lower end of the piston 35 and the bottom of the sleeve 34, for example p, of polyurethane.

The density of the mesh structure of the elastic mesh element is in the optimal range of values: 1.2 g / cm ³ ... 2.0 g / cm ³ , and the wire material of the elastic mesh elements is steel grade EI-708, and its diameter is in the optimal range of 0 , 09 mm ... 0.15 mm. The density of the mesh structure of the outer layers of the elastic mesh element is 1.5 times higher than the density of the mesh structure of the inner layers of the elastic mesh element. The elastic mesh element 38 can be made combined of a mesh frame, filled with an elastomer, for example polyurethane.

When vibrations of a vibroinsulated object (not shown in the drawing) located on the upper pressure plate 36, the elastic mesh element 38 perceives both vertical and horizontal loads, thereby weakening the dynamic effect on the vibroisolated object, i.e. spatial vibration protection and shock protection are provided.

Earthquake-resistant low-noise building operates as follows.

In the process of erecting an earthquake-resistant building, the formwork of a reinforced concrete monolithic wall is supported by sand cushions 30 enclosed in a collapsible metal cage. After hardening the concrete and removing the formwork between the protrusions of the "traps" 27 and 28, a vibration isolator 24 is assembled. After the concrete in the beam 23 has gained sufficient strength, the metal cage is opened and the sand is removed from the “cushion”, and the beam 23 is supported by the vibration isolator 24. In the future, as the building rises, the vibration isolator 24 is compressed. The dismantling and replacement of the vibration isolator 24 is carried out using jacks (not shown in the drawing).

When installing vibroactive equipment on plate 8, two-stage vibration protection occurs due to vibration damping inclusions in the very mass of plate 8, and also due to the layer of vibration damping material 11, which can be used as: Vibrosil needle-punched mats based on silica or aluminoborosilicate fiber, material from solid vibration-damping materials, for example plastic compound, from soundproof plates based on glass staple fiber of the “Shumostop” type with a material density of 60 ÷ 80 kg / m ³ .

In the cavities 10 of the base plate 9 are placed vibration damping inserts 40 (Fig. 7), made in the form of a cylindrical damping element, the inner cavity of which is filled with vibration damping material 41, to the ends of which are flat elastic stops 39, whose diameter is 5 ÷ 10% less than the diameter cavities 10 of the base plate 9, and the length of the cylindrical damping element is 5 ÷ 10% less than the length of the cavities 10 of the base plate 9, and after installing the vibration damping insert 40, the elastic stops 39 are sealed with foamed polymer (in the drawing but not shown) flush with the end surfaces of the base plate 9.

It is possible that the floor structure on an elastic foundation (Fig. 8) contains a mounting plate 8 made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on two rigidly interconnected base plates 9 and 42 of interfloor overlapping of increased strength and seismic resistance with cavities of 10 and 43 through the layers of vibration damping material 11 and 44 and waterproofing material 12 with a gap 17 relative to the supporting walls 2 of the production room. To ensure effective vibration isolation of the mounting plate 8 in all directions, the layers of the vibration damping material 11 and the waterproofing material 12 are made with a flange that is tightly adjacent to the supporting structures of the walls 2 and the base floor slabs.

To increase the strength and seismic resistance of buildings, as well as the efficiency of sound insulation and sound absorption in the workshops located under the floor of the cavity, a layer of vibration damping material 44 is laid between the base plates 9 and 42 of the floor, and the cavities 10 and 43 of the base plates are staggered and filled with vibration damping material, for example, foamed polymer, polyethylene or polypropylene, and the walls 1, 2, 3, 4 are lined with sound-absorbing structures, for example, shown in Fig.9.

The sound-absorbing element (Fig. 9) is made in the form of a rigid 45 and perforated 48 walls, between which two layers are located: a sound-reflecting layer 46 adjacent to the rigid wall 45, and a sound-absorbing layer 47 adjacent to the perforated wall 48. The layer of sound-reflecting material is made a complex profile, consisting of evenly distributed hollow tetrahedra, allowing to reflect sound waves incident in all directions, and a perforated wall has the following perforation parameters: hole diameter - 3 ÷ 7 mm, percent perforation 10% ÷ 15%, the apertures on the form can be in the form of round holes, triangular, square, rectangular or rhombic profile, wherein in the case of non-circular holes as the nominal size should be regarded as the maximum diameter of the polygon circumference fits into. As sound-absorbing material of layer 3, rockwool-type mineral wool or URSA-type mineral wool can be used. The surface of the fibrous absorbers is treated with special porous air-permeable paints (for example, Acutex T), or coated with breathable fabrics or non-woven materials, such as Lutrasil.

A variant is possible when each of the vibration isolators 24 (Figs. 10 and 11) is made of a symmetrical washer mesh and contains a base 49, which is located in the middle part of the vibration isolator and is made in the form of a plate with mounting holes 50, and the mesh elastic elements, the upper 55 with the upper pressure the washer 53 and the lower 56, with the lower thrust washer 58, are rigidly connected to the base 49 by means of support rings 54 and 57, respectively, while the dry friction damper is arranged axisymmetrically in the upper mesh elastic element 55 in the form upper pressure washer 53 is rigidly connected to a centrally arranged ring 52, disposed coaxially covered by a ring 51 which is rigidly connected to the base 49.

In the lower mesh elastic element, in the center, there is an axisymmetrically located dry friction damper, made in the form of a lower pressure washer 58, rigidly connected to a centrally located ring 59, covered by a coaxially located ring 60, rigidly connected to the base 49.

Claims (1)

An earthquake-resistant low-noise building containing a vibration-insulated foundation, horizontal and vertical load-bearing structures with a vibration isolation system, internal partitions, the roof of the building, as well as door and window openings with reinforcement, basic load-bearing floor slabs are equipped in the places of their attachment to the load-bearing walls of the building with a spatial vibration isolation system consisting of from horizontally located vibration isolators, perceiving vertical static and dynamic loads, as well as vertically located vibration isolators ditches, perceiving horizontal static and dynamic loads, while the floor in the rooms is made on an elastic base and contains a mounting plate made of concrete reinforced with vibration damping material, which is installed on two base plates of interfloor overlap of increased strength and seismic resistance with cavities, respectively, through layers of vibration-damping material and waterproofing material with a gap relative to the bearing walls of the production room, at the layers of vibration damping material and waterproofing material are made with a flange that is tightly adjacent to the supporting wall structures and base floor slabs, a layer of vibration damping material is laid between the base plates of the interfloor flooring, and the cavities of the base plates are staggered and filled with vibration damping material, for example, foamed polymer, polyethylene or polypropylene, or they contain vibration damping inserts made in the form of a cylindrical damping element, internally the cavity of which is filled with vibration damping material, and to the ends of which are flat elastic stops, the diameter of which is 5–40% less than the diameter of the cavities of the base plate, and the length of the cylindrical damping element is 5–10% less than the length of the cavities of the base plate, and after installation vibration damping inserts elastic stops are sealed with foamed polymer flush with the end surfaces of the base plate, the elastic floor base is made of a rigid porous vibration-absorbing material, such as an elastomer, or poly urethane with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30 ÷ 45%, while the system of vibration isolation of the foundation with the basement is made with simultaneous cut off with its seams of the type antiseismic from neighboring buildings and the surrounding soil, and to protect against vertical vibrations, vibration isolators are installed in niches the walls of the basement to the sections of the strip foundation, and each set of vibration isolation system consists of a metal plate, four vibration isolators, two sheets of sandpaper to exclude the possibility of Sliding surfaces for the foundation elements and two supporting reinforced concrete blocks, and to protect the building from horizontal vibrations propagating through the ground, a vibration isolation system has been arranged along the vertical faces of the outer walls of the basement floor at the level of the foundation and the floor, and a retaining wall is arranged around the entire building, the buttresses of which connected to the ends of the bearing walls through vibration isolators that are installed in the buttresses of the buttresses, and the basement of the building is made in the form of a spatial frame construction monolithic reinforced concrete sections with overlapping and partitions included in the frame, as well as reinforced jumpers above door and other openings with constant stiffness of the partitions, and the foundation is made in the form of a tape cross structure with a height of about 50 cm, protruding above the foundation screed, and the walls are lined with sound-absorbing structures, the sound-absorbing element for wall cladding is made in the form of rigid and perforated walls, between which are two layers: a sound-reflecting layer adjacent to the rigid wall, and a sound-absorbing layer adjacent to the perforated wall, while the layer of sound-reflecting material is made of a complex profile, consisting of uniformly distributed hollow tetrahedra, which allow reflecting sound waves incident in all directions, and the perforated wall has the following perforation parameters: hole diameter - 3 ÷ 7 mm, the percentage of perforation 10% ÷ 15%, characterized in that each of the vibration isolators is made in the form of a symmetrical washer mesh vibration isolator containing a base, which is located the wife in the middle part of the vibration isolator and is made in the form of a plate with mounting holes, and the elastic mesh elements, the upper with the upper pressure washer and the lower with the lower pressure washer, are rigidly connected to the base by means of support rings, respectively, while in the upper mesh elastic element, in the center , an axisymmetrically located dry friction damper made in the form of an upper thrust washer rigidly connected to a centrally located ring, covered by a coaxially located ring, which is rigidly connected to the base in the center, as well as in the lower mesh elastic element, in the center there is an axisymmetrically arranged dry friction damper made in the form of a lower pressure washer rigidly connected to a centrally located ring, covered by a coaxially located ring, rigidly connected to the base.

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