RU2658594C1 - Sports simulator for kayak rowers and canoe rowers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: training simulators; sport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to rower-trainers for training on land. Simulator comprises a base 100 mounted on the racks 101 with athlete accommodation means 102, 103, a paddle simulator 1, flexible rods 2 connected to it at one end thereof, drive shaft 20 with two pairs of pulleys kinematically connected to means for simulating the resistance of the aqueous medium comprising a massive flywheel 26. Pulleys in the pair are rigidly connected to one another and are arranged to transmit to the torque shaft 20 in one direction of rotation and free scrolling with the other. Feature of the simulator is that each flexible rod 2 is fixed by its other end on first pulley (5.1) of one of pairs, thrown over main guide roller 11 and has in the prepared state of the simulator a winding on said pulley. On second pulley of each pair, an elastic cord (for a pulley connected to 5.1, a cord 8), which is wound on it in the direction opposite to the winding of the flexible rod on the first pulley connected to it, is fixed at its end. Both cords are either directly fixed to base 100 by their other ends 15, or they are thrown over the auxiliary guide rollers and fixed to the base by other ends thereof or connected by these ends to each other. In a particular case, the simulator contains additional pulleys, flexible rods, elastic cords, a paddle simulator, guide rollers and provides training with the ability to simulate rowing on a boat-deuce.

EFFECT: achieved technical result consists in simplifying the construction of the simulator with a reduction in the requirements for the accuracy of its assembly, ensuring greater freedom of shape of the trajectories of the ends of the paddle simulator with the simultaneous elimination of the possibility of sagging flexible traction, as well as in achieving independence of the conditions for simulating right and left strokes and the ability to simulate several rowers in a row, on the one hand, which allows to simulate rowing both in canoe and kayak.

26 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to sports equipment, and more specifically, to training devices, and in particular, to simulators for kayaking and canoeing, designed for training on land, including training simulating rowing on kayaks-twos and canoes-twos.

Known simulators of this purpose contain, as a rule, along with a base with devices for accommodating the athlete (for example, a seat and an emphasis for the athlete-kayaker), a paddle simulator with means of transmitting force to a means for simulating resistance to the aquatic environment. The differences between them are mainly due to the peculiarities of the implementation of these funds.

In the simulator, according to the USSR author's certificate No. 1018656 (publ. 05.23.1983) [1], the functions of these means are combined in two elastic rods attached to the ends of the oar simulator and to one of the parts of the base. In such a simulator, the thrust that is not involved in the simulated stroke can freely sag between the points of its attachment and interfere with the athlete, in particular, distracting his attention. At the same time, another thrust involved in the simulated stroke creates a force that increases in proportion to its extension and reaches a maximum at the end of the stroke, which is not quite adequate to the real situation. The positive aspects of this design are extreme simplicity and the fact that the trajectory of the ends of the oar simulator is completely determined by the athlete. Canoeing can also be simulated, for which only one end of the paddle simulator should be used.

In the simulator, according to the USSR author's certificate No. 1044299 (publ. 09/30/1983) [2] there are guides for the ends of the oar simulator and spring elements located on the lower parts of these guides to create resistance to the movement of the oar simulator. The latter in the parts imitating the blades has slots for the said guides. In this simulator, the ends of the oar simulator move along predefined paths, which can be a positive factor for novice athletes when they practice the stroke technique. At the same time, this does not allow experienced athletes to improve this technique, preventing them from overcoming the formed stereotypes. In addition, as in the device [1], the force that must be applied by the athlete is unstable and increases to the maximum by the end of the stroke. This simulator is designed to simulate rowing only on a kayak.

In the simulator, according to the patent application of Germany No. 2639882 (publ. 09.03.1978) [3], the inertia of a massive flywheel with a vertically oriented axis of rotation kinematically connected with a drive shaft also vertically and with means for creating an adjustable braking torque. To set the drive shaft in motion, the simulator contains a cable system, one of which, hereinafter referred to as the main one, has two points of attachment to it of flexible rods connected to the ends of the paddle simulator, which has the form of a rod. The simulator also contains two first pulleys mounted on the specified drive shaft common to them with the possibility of transmitting torque to it in one direction of rotation and free rotation relative to it with another direction of rotation of these pulleys. The latter are designed for winding / winding the main cable, the opposite ends of which are fixed on these pulleys, and this cable itself between the pulleys is supported by several guide rollers. The simulator also contains two second pulleys mounted on the drive shaft. Each of them is rigidly connected to one of the first pulleys. The second pulleys are designed for winding / reeling up two other cables, which are fixed at one of their ends on these pulleys, and the other on two other pulleys, rigidly mounted on a shaft common to them parallel to the specified drive shaft. Each simulated stroke involves the main and both other cables, each cable being wound from one pulley and wound onto the other. To the main cable at two points located in its parts, wound on the first pulleys and wound from them, flexible rods are attached at one end, which are attached at the ends to the ends of the oar simulator.

In the process of simulating the stroke, the flexible traction involved in it drives the main cable, winding it from one of the main pulleys, which transmits rotation to the drive shaft. The attachment point of this flexible rod to the main cable then moves along a path limited by the gap between said main pulley and one of the guide rollers, moving away from this first pulley. At the same time, the attachment point of the second flexible rod moves, approaching the other first pulley and moving away from the other guide roller.

In this simulator, the nature of the change in effort exerted by the athlete in the process of simulating stroke is closer to real than in simulators [1] and [2]. However, the movement of one end of a flexible rod having a fixed length along a fixed path along with its attachment point to the main cable may cause a limitation in the shape of the path of the end of the paddle simulator on the side of the simulated stroke. At the same time, on the side opposite the simulated stroke, having a fixed length and similar fastening, a second flexible rod connected at its other end to the other end of the paddle simulator can be in an unstressed state and for this reason sag.

Moreover, the design of the simulator and the process of functioning of its mechanism are complex. As you can see, the movement of all cables and pulleys connected by cables of a fixed length, in particular cables that provide alternating modes of winding and winding the main cable, must be strictly coordinated. To ensure such consistency, the laying of the cables when they are wound on pulleys in each cycle corresponding to the simulation of a pair of strokes should occur in the same way, which places high demands on the accuracy of the manufacture of the simulator units. For example, if the winding of the main cable on one of the first pulleys accidentally occurs with the formation of an additional layer, then the values of possible movements of the points of attachment of the flexible rods to the main cable may be different, and the athlete may experience a feeling of asymmetry of the right and left strokes.

In addition, the principle of operation of the simulator [3] provides for the mandatory alternation of simulating right and left strokes, since the reverse winding of the main cable onto the first pulley from which it was wound while simulating the previous stroke on one side only occurs as a result of simulating the next stroke with on the other hand, at which the main cable is rewound from the other first pulley.

Each of the devices [1], [2] is designed to train only one athlete. Supplementing them with elements similar to those described to simulate rowing in double boats leads to inadequate perception of the situation by athletes, since the efforts that each of them must exert are independent of the efforts made by the other.

However, in the application [3] it was noted that the simulator described in it in a slightly modified form can be used to simulate rowing in a canoe-two. To do this, the oar simulator should be divided into two identical parts, one of which is intended for use by the first athlete for rowing on the right, and the other for use by the second athlete for rowing on the left. At the same time, unlike hypothetically supplemented simulators according to the documents [1], [2], there are prerequisites for ensuring a more adequate perception of the situation by athletes (since their efforts are aimed at putting a common drive shaft in motion, associated with a common tool for simulating water resistance environment), however, if there is a disagreement in the actions of the athletes, the adequacy of the simulation cannot be maintained.

The well-known simulator for the patent application of Germany [3] is the closest to the proposed sports simulator for rowers and canoeists.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in simplifying the design of the simulator while reducing the requirements for the accuracy of manufacturing its assemblies, in providing greater freedom in the shape of the trajectories of the ends of the paddle simulator with the simultaneous exclusion of the possibility of sagging flexible traction, as well as in achieving independence of the conditions for simulating right and left strokes including the ability to simulate several strokes in a row on the same side, which allows the use of a simulator for carrying out tr adjustments of both rowers and canoeists. An additional technical result achieved in one of the particular cases of the device is the ability to simulate rowing by two athletes in a two-boat without violating the adequacy of their perception of the situation.

Below, when disclosing the essence of the invention, describing particular cases and considering examples of its implementation, other types of technical result achieved can be named.

The proposed sports simulator for kayaking and canoeing, as well as the closest known one [3], contains a base mounted on racks with means for placing an athlete on it, a paddle simulator in the form of a rod, two cables mounted on the base of the guide rollers as well as two flexible rods, one end of each of which is mounted on one of the ends of the oar simulator, and a drive shaft with two pairs of pulleys mounted on the base with the possibility of rotation, kinematically connected to the drive shaft thy to simulate the resistance of the aquatic environment, containing a massive flywheel and equipped with a means for regulating the magnitude of this resistance. The first and second pulleys in each of these pairs of pulleys are rigidly connected to each other and mounted on the drive shaft with the possibility of transmitting torque to it in one direction of rotation and free rotation relative to it in the opposite direction of rotation. Each of the flexible rods has a kinematic connection with the first pulley of one of these pairs of pulleys, and each of the cables is connected at one of its ends to the second pulley of one of these pairs of pulleys.

To achieve the above technical result in the simulator according to the invention, in contrast to the specified closest to it, each of these cables is made in the form of an elastic elastic cord. The first pulleys of both said pairs of pulleys have the same diameters. The kinematic connection of the flexible link with the first pulley in each pair of pulleys is made by directly attaching the other end of the flexible link to this pulley. The latter, when the end of the oar simulator is connected to which it is connected in an intermediate position between its possible extreme positions, is wound on this first pulley in the direction in which pulling it under the force exerted by the side of the oar simulator connected to it leads to the creation of torque in the direction that allows it to be transmitted to the drive shaft, and the elastic elastic cord connected to the second pulley of the same pair has a winding on this pulley in the opposite direction intermeshing direction of the flexible traction on winding rigidly connected to it a first pulley, and in a stretched state. In this case, the directions of the torque created on the first pulley by a flexible rod under the action of the force exerted by the side of the paddle simulator connected to it are the same for both flexible rods. Each flexible rod is thrown over at least one main guide roller mounted on the base, and each of the main guide rollers in contact with the part of the flexible rod thrown over it, closest to the end of the paddle simulator, is installed in front of the location of the placement means athlete and with the ability to change the orientation of the axis of rotation. Both elastic elastic cords in the form of which the mentioned cables are made are either directly fixed by their other ends on the base, or each of them is thrown through an auxiliary guide roller and fixed on the base by its other end or connected by this end to the other end of the other elastic elastic cord.

Due to the fact that both flexible rods are partially wound each on its first pulley of one of the pairs, the transmission of motion to this pulley and from it to the drive shaft and the associated means for simulating the resistance of the aqueous medium occurs as a result of unwinding the flexible rod pre-wound on the first pulley under the action of the athlete’s efforts applied to the oar simulator, the end of which is connected to the end of the part of this flexible rod that is not wound on the first pulley. Due to the fact that the diameters of the first pulleys of both pairs are the same, the efforts that the athlete must make when simulating the stroke to the right and left are also the same.

Simultaneously with the winding of the flexible rod from the first pulley, the elastic elastic cord is wrapped around the second pulley of this pair connected to it, and an additional tension of this cord occurs. Winding and unwinding flexible rods and elastic elastic cords on one side of the simulator does not limit the possibility of winding or unwinding on the other hand due to the independence of flexible rods from each other and the presence of these rods on the main pulleys, combined with the ability of elastic elastic cords to stretch. Therefore, no particularities of an athlete performing an imitation of the previous stroke affect the possibility of the oar simulator moving along one or another trajectory while simulating the next stroke, which corresponds to the actual conditions of rowing. At the same time, several strokes can be simulated in a row from the same side, which makes it possible to use the simulator by both kayaker and canoe athletes. These factors together also lead to the insensitivity of the simulator mechanism to the inaccuracies in the manufacture of its components and to the nature of the placement of winding turns on the pulleys. At the same time, the described simulator design does not limit the winding length of flexible rods on the first pulleys in any way, which allows it to be carried out with a known margin, under which the end of the paddle simulator in the hands of the athlete under no circumstances (under any height of the athlete, the length of his hands, under any movements made by him) will not experience any restrictions in terms of the shape of its trajectory.

The restriction on the shape of the trajectory of the end of the paddle simulator is also facilitated by the presence of one or more main guide rollers through which each flexible rod is thrown in its part located between the end of the paddle simulator and the first pulley of the corresponding pair, and the installation of the main guide roller in contact with the part of the flexible rod closest to the end of the paddle simulator, with the possibility of changing the orientation of its rotation axis. Such an installation gives the roller an additional degree of freedom, due to which the flexible rod thrown through it when changing its orientation during the stroke simulation does not disengage from this roller, and this ultimately prevents the flexible rod from disengaging from the first pulley of the corresponding pair on which the rest of this flexible traction is wound. In this case, the choice of the location of one (in the particular case of the only) of these rollers in front with respect to the location of the athlete allows you to provide the required freedom of the trajectories of the ends of the paddle simulator during the implementation of strokes.

The flexible traction on the side opposite to the side of the simulated stroke does not sag, as it is constantly in a state of tension: an elastic elastic cord, which, during the simulation of the previous stroke, acquired winding on the second pulley and additional tension, tends to contract and, reeling off from the second pulley, rotate it in the opposite direction and with it the first pulley of the same pair, winding on the last flexible rod and constantly supporting it in a tense state. The degree of stretching of elastic elastic cords can be controlled by the choice of their length and the size of their winding on the corresponding second pulleys.

The foregoing is true for all of the above types of fixation of the end of the elastic elastic cord, the opposite connected to the second pulley. In this case, fixing this end to the base in the case when the elastic elastic cord is thrown over the auxiliary guide roller, allows you to increase the length of this cord. Fixation, in which the free ends of both cords thrown through the auxiliary guide rollers are connected to each other, increases this length to an even greater extent, including due to the possibility of winding an elastic elastic cord from the second pulley of one pair during winding on the second pulley another pair.

The described features provide additional freedom of choice for the developer and manufacturer of the simulator, depending on their technological preferences, material properties of elastic elastic cords and other factors.

Means for accommodating an athlete may include, for example, a seat and footrest for a kayaker, or a cushion for a knee and a foot rest for a canoeist.

The installation of each pair of these first and second pulleys rigidly connected to each other on the drive shaft can be carried out, for example, using an overrunning clutch, which is a reliable means for realizing the function of transmitting the shaft torque in one direction of rotation and freely rotating relative to it in the opposite direction of rotation .

The means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment can be, for example, as in the device [3], a rotor of an electric generator mounted on a shaft with a specified massive flywheel or on a kinematically connected other shaft connected to the latter, having an adjustable electrical resistance. In the particular case, the rotor of the specified generator can act as a massive flywheel.

In another particular case, a propeller can be mounted on a shaft in common with the shaft indicated with a massive flywheel or on a kinematically connected other shaft, enclosed in a closed casing with an adjustable size in the direction of the air flow generated by said propeller. In this case, the kinematic connection of the means for simulating the resistance of an aqueous medium containing a massive flywheel with a drive shaft can be achieved both by installing a massive flywheel directly on the drive shaft, and on another shaft connected to the drive shaft, for example, by means of a belt drive. When installing the specified propeller on the shaft kinematically connected with the shaft on which the massive flywheel is mounted, and performing this kinematic connection by means of a belt drive, the massive flywheel can be made in the form of one of the pulleys of this transmission.

In another particular case, the regulation of the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment can be carried out by performing a massive flywheel of ferromagnetic material and placing it between the poles of a magnet installed with the possibility of changing the position of its poles relative to the massive flywheel.

These flexible rods and elastic elastic cords can be made using simple means. The former may be, for example, strong ropes, and the latter - rubber bands.

In any of the above particular cases of the proposed simulator, it can be supplemented in such a way that it becomes possible to use it for training both one and two athletes imitating rowing in a double boat. For this, the simulator additionally contains means for placement on the basis of the second athlete, a second paddle simulator, two additional flexible rods, one end of each of which is fixed to one of the ends of the second paddle simulator, two additional pairs of pulleys rigidly connected to each other, one of which each additional pair is the first, and the other the second, as well as two additional elastic elastic cords, each of which is connected at one of its ends to the second pulley of one of the additional pairs, and an additional nye main and additional auxiliary guide rollers. Each of the additional pairs of pulleys is mounted on the drive shaft or kinematically connected with it or with means for simulating the resistance of the aqueous medium to the additional shaft with the possibility of transmitting to the shaft on which it is mounted torque in one direction of rotation and free rotation relative to it in the opposite direction of rotation . Both additional elastic elastic cords are either directly fixed by their other ends on the base, or each of them is thrown through an additional auxiliary guide roller and fixed on the base by its other end or connected by this end to the other end of the other additional elastic elastic cord. Each of the additional flexible rods with its other end is fixed on the first pulley of one of the additional pairs of pulleys and when the end of the second simulator of the oar with which it is connected is in an intermediate position between its possible extreme positions, it is wound on this first pulley in the direction in which the tension it under the action of the force applied from the side of the end of the second simulator of the paddle connected to it, leads to the creation of torque in the direction that allows it to be transmitted to the shaft on the cat rum installed the first pulley. The directions and magnitudes of the generated torque transmitted to the massive flywheel of the means for simulating the resistance of the aquatic environment are the same for all the mentioned flexible rods when the same forces are applied to them. Each additional elastic elastic cord connected to the second pulley of one of the additional pairs of pulleys is wound on this pulley in the opposite direction to the winding of the additional flexible traction on the first pulley rigidly connected to it, and is in a stretched state. Each additional flexible rod is thrown over at least one additional main guide roller mounted on the base. Moreover, each of the additional main guide rollers in contact with the portion of the additional flexible rod thrown over it, closest to the end of the second paddle simulator, is installed in front of the location of the means for accommodating the second athlete and with the possibility of changing the orientation of its rotation axis.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, on which:

- in FIG. 1 is a simplified image of the general view of the simulator in the particular case when it is designed to simulate rowing on a single kayak and when each flexible rod is thrown through one main guide roller;

- in FIG. 2 is a kinematic diagram (top view) of the mechanism of a single-seat trainer (the same for simulating kayaking and canoeing), corresponding to those shown in FIG. 1 to one of the special cases of fixing the ends of the free (not wound on the second pulleys) parts of the elastic elastic cords and the kinematic connection of the end of the paddle simulator with the first pulley by means of a flexible rod thrown over one main guide roller;

- in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 - kinematic diagrams (top view) of a single-seat trainer mechanism (identical for simulating kayaking and canoeing), corresponding to two more special cases of fixing the ends of free (not wound on second pulleys) parts of elastic elastic cords, with the same as in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the kinematic connection of each end of the paddle simulator with the first pulley - by means of a flexible rod thrown over one main guide roller;

- in FIG. 5 is a side view (along arrows A, B) of the elements of the kinematic schemes shown in FIG. 2-4, and a guide roller mounted with the possibility of changing the orientation of the axis of rotation;

- in FIG. 6 is a simplified view of the general view of a single simulator in the particular case when it is designed to simulate kayaking and when each flexible rod is thrown over two main guide rollers;

- in FIG. 7 is a kinematic diagram (top view) of the mechanism of a single-seat trainer (the same as for simulating kayaking and canoeing), corresponding to those shown in FIG. 6 to the particular case of fixing the ends of the free (not wound on the second pulleys) parts of elastic elastic cords (the same as in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) and the kinematic connection of the ends of the paddle simulator with the first pulleys by means of flexible rods, each of which is thrown over two main roller guides;

- in FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a means for simulating the resistance of an aqueous medium configured to control the magnitude of this resistance, in the particular case when it contains a propeller mounted on a common shaft with a massive flywheel;

- in FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a means for simulating the resistance of an aqueous medium configured to control the magnitude of this resistance, in the particular case when the massive flywheel is mounted directly on the drive shaft and is made in the form of a belt drive pulley, another pulley of which is mounted on a common shaft with a propeller;

- in FIG. 10 is a simplified image of the general view of the simulator in the particular case when it is designed to simulate rowing on a double kayak and when each of the flexible rods connected to the simulator of the paddle of one athlete is thrown through one main guide roller, and each of the flexible rods connected to the simulator the paddles of another athlete thrown through two main guide rollers;

- in FIG. 11 is a kinematic diagram (top view) of the simulator mechanism (the same for simulating kayaking and canoeing), corresponding to those shown in FIG. 10 a special case of fixing the ends of free (not wound on additional pulleys) parts of elastic elastic cords and the kind of kinematic connections of the ends of the simulator paddles of the first and second athletes with the first pulleys;

- in FIG. 12 is a simplified image of the general view of the simulator in the particular case when it is designed to simulate rowing on a double kayak, when connecting flexible rods connected to a simulator of a paddle of one athlete, with pulleys mounted in front of the simulator on one vertically located drive shaft, and flexible rods connected to the simulator of the paddle of another athlete - in the rear of the simulator on a vertically located additional shaft.

A general view of the proposed simulator for one athlete is simplified in FIG. 1 in relation to the first of the above types of fixing the ends of the free parts of elastic elastic cords, and the kinematic diagrams of the moving parts of the simulator mechanism are shown in FIG. 2-4 for all three described species of said fixation. Below, the proposed simulator is described first only with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, illustrating just the first type of fixation. Other particular simulator cases illustrated in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 having differences from the simulator of FIG. 2 are described by comparison with it. Also used in this description is FIG. 5, which shows a right view and a left view for parts of the simulator mechanism shown in FIG. 2-4, the same in all three cases.

The rowing machine of FIG. 1, 2, 5 contains a base 100 mounted on racks 101 with means for placing a kayaker on it — a seat 102 and an emphasis 103 for legs. In cases not shown in these and other figures, when the simulator is intended for canoe-athletes, the means for their placement on the base 100 should include a knee cushion and an emphasis for the foot. The simulator also contains an oar simulator 1 with inextensible flexible rods 2 and 3 attached to its ends, a drive shaft 20 and a shaft 30 with a massive flywheel 26 mounted on the latter, kinematically connected to the shaft 20 by means of a transmission containing a belt 23 and pulleys 24 and 25 installed respectively, on the shafts 20 and 30. The shafts 20 and 30 are mounted on the base 100 with the help of fasteners 106, 105 rotatably. On the drive shaft 20, along with the belt pulley 24, two pairs of pulleys rigidly connected to each other are also installed: the first 5.1 and the second 6.1 pulleys of the first pair; first 5.2 and second 6.2 pulleys of the second pair. Both pulleys of each pair are mounted on the drive shaft 20 with the possibility of transmitting torque to it in one direction of rotation and free rotation relative to it in the opposite direction of rotation. For this, the connection of each of these pairs of pulleys with the shaft 20 is carried out through an overrunning clutch. The presence of such a clutch for each pair of pulleys is conditionally shown by positions 7.1, 7.2. In the particular cases shown in the drawings, the drive shaft 20 and the parallel shaft 30 are mounted horizontally.

The massive flywheel 26 mentioned above is part of a means for simulating the resistance of an aqueous medium. In the case shown in the drawings, the kinematic connection of this means with the drive shaft 20 is carried out, as already noted, by a belt drive including pulleys 24, 25 and belt 23 [in the case shown in the drawings, this gear is upward, which allows to reduce weight (more precisely - moment of inertia) of the flywheel 26]. In a simpler case, the specified kinematic connection can be realized by installing a massive flywheel directly on the drive shaft 20 (in this case, its mass should be greater than in the previous one).

Flexible rods 2 and 3 are connected to the first pulleys of the above two pairs of pulleys - respectively, with pulleys 5.1 and 5.2. A cable is made with each of the second pulleys 6.1, 6.2 of these pairs, made in the form of an elastic elastic cord and fixed on the second pulley with one end of it (respectively, elastic elastic cord 8 is fixed on the second pulley 6.1, and elastic elastic cord 9 is on the second pulley 6.2 )

Free (not wound on the first pulleys 5.1, 5.2) parts of the flexible rods 2 and 3 are thrown through the main guide rollers 11, 12 and fixed at their ends at the ends of the oar simulator 1. The main guide rollers 11, 12 are placed on the elements of their fastening to the base 100 (on the element 107 and another element symmetrically located to it, not shown in the drawings). These rollers have the ability to change within small limits of the direction of the axes of their rotation. For this, they can be installed, for example, using movable clips not shown in the drawings, having a rotation axis perpendicular to the rotation axis of the roller, similarly to an element of the device according to RF patent No. 2615946 (publ. 04/11/2017) [4] referred to in this patent swivel pulley. At different angles of deviation of any of the flexible rods 2, 3 away from the longitudinal geometric axis of the base 100, the corresponding roller “monitors” the orientation change of the flexible rod. For example, when deflecting the flexible rod 3 in FIG. 2 in the direction shown by arrow 19, the axis 21 of the roller 12 remains perpendicular to the flexible rod 3. Due to this, the ends of the flexible rod, in the particular case corresponding to FIG. 1, descending to the first pulleys 5.1, 5.2, cannot disengage with these pulleys (see Fig. 5, in the upper and middle parts of which the relative position of the main guide rollers 11, 12 and the first pulleys 5.1, 5.2 is shown - view in arrows A and B of Fig. 2-4). The expediency of such an installation is determined by the fact that these main guide rollers are located at the smallest distance (measured along the corresponding parts of the flexible rods) from the connection point of the end of the flexible rod with the end of the paddle simulator, and it is these parts of the flexible rods that change their direction during the stroke simulation.

On all the mentioned and other figures, arrows without designations indicate the directions of rotation of the pulleys, the massive flywheel and the direction of movement of the flexible rods and elastic elastic cords corresponding to the directions of movement of the ends of the oar simulator shown by the arrows.

The installation of the guide roller with the possibility of changing the orientation of the axis of its rotation is presented in more detail in the lower part of FIG. 5, in which arrow 507 shows the possible directions of rotation of the roller 502 about its axis 504. The axis 504, which is located in the horizontal plane in the case shown in the drawing, is mounted in a holder 503 having a vertical axis of rotation 505. The latter is on a straight line, the distance from the axis of rotation of the roller is approximately equal to its radius. Therefore, the vertically oriented lower part of the flexible rod 501 thrown over the roller, located on a straight line with the axis of rotation 505 of the holder 503, does not feel this rotation when the holder is rotated, shown by arrow 508. Due to this, the axis of rotation 504 of the roller 502 has the ability to change its orientation in the horizontal plane, when the roller together with the cage 503 rotates after the arrow 506 shown changes in the orientation of the upper part of the flexible rod 501, while remaining perpendicular to the vertical plane in which it is located this part is flexible traction. As a result, the conditions for the interaction of the lower part of the flexible rod 501, which does not “feel” the orientation changes of the upper part, with other rollers or a pulley located further down, do not change.

The described installation of the main guide roller refers to the examples of the layout of the moving elements of the simulator in which the axis of rotation of this roller is in the horizontal plane. At the same time, an additional degree of freedom acquired by the roller allows maintaining engagement with flexible traction during any movements of the end of the paddle simulator both in the vertical and horizontal planes. With other layout options and a different arrangement of the plane in which the axis of rotation of the roller is located, this property is preserved.

The ends of the free parts of the elastic elastic cords 8 and 9 are fixed relative to the base 100 at points 15 and 16 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) located, respectively, on the fastener 104 and symmetrically installed on the base 100 of another fastener, not shown drawings.

Another particular case illustrated in FIG. 3, differs from the one discussed above only in that the free parts of the elastic elastic cords 8, 9 are thrown over the auxiliary guide rollers 13, 14 located at approximately the same places as the fixation points 15, 16 of the cords in the particular case of FIG. 2 on fasteners similar to element 104, and are fixed relative to the base 100 in other places (points 17, 18 in Fig. 3, belonging to fasteners similar to element 104 not installed on the base 100 and not closer to the drawings), which are closer to the drive shaft 20 Due to this, the free part of the elastic elastic cords has a greater length than in the previous case.

Another particular case illustrated by FIG. 4 differs from the case considered in FIG. 3 only in that the ends of the free parts of the elastic elastic cords 8, 9, instead of being fixed relative to the base 100, are connected to each other. Such a connection produces an effect similar to the extension of these cords in the case of FIG. 3, but without an actual increase in their total length. The resulting connection between the part of the cord connected to the second pulley of one pair and a similar pulley of the other pair, rotating in the opposite direction during the simulation of the stroke, contributes to the additional tension of the elastic elastic cord.

A particular case of the proposed simulator intended for use by one athlete, illustrated in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, differs from those discussed above in that each of the flexible rods 2, 3, which is connected to the end of the paddle simulator 1 by one of its ends and mounted on the first pulley (5.1, 5.2) of one of the pairs of pulleys mounted on the drive shaft 20 , thrown over two main guide rollers - 11.1 and 11.2 for flexible traction 2 and 12.1, 12.2 - for flexible traction 3. These main guide rollers are mounted on the elements 107.1, 107.2 (Fig. 6) of their fastening to the base 100 and two symmetrically located other similar elements not shown in the drawing. The main guide rollers 11.1, 12.1, located on the path changing the direction of the parts of the flexible rods 2 and 3, which are directly connected to the ends of the paddle simulator 1, are mounted with the possibility of changing the orientation of the axes of rotation, similarly as described above for the main guides rollers 11 and 12 (Fig. 2-4). The use of not one, but two main guide rollers for each of the flexible rods creates additional opportunities for choosing the point relative to which the stretched flexible rod changes its direction during the stroke simulation (cf., for example, Fig. 6 from Fig. 1, and Fig. 7 from Fig. 2, where the points are located, respectively, on the main guide rollers 11.1, 12.1 and 11, 12).

Flexible rods 2, 3 are wound respectively on the first pulleys 5.1, 5.2, and elastic elastic cords 8, 9 on the second pulleys 6.1, 6.2. When the location of the drive shaft with pulleys mounted on it in the front of the simulator shown in the drawings, it is advisable to choose the length of the pre-wound part of the flexible rod not less than the distance from the first pulley with which this flexible rod is connected to the point of the greatest possible removal from this pulley when using the simulator the other end of this flexible rod mounted on the corresponding end of the paddle simulator. The length of each elastic elastic cord 8, 9 is selected so that it is always in a stretched state. During the assembly of the simulator, the degree of tension of the elastic elastic cord can also be controlled by the amount of preliminary winding of part of this cord (8, 9) onto the corresponding second pulley (6.1, 6.2).

The winding of the flexible rod must be maintained at any position of the end of the paddle simulator between its two possible extreme positions, and, therefore, at any position of the end of the paddle simulator, the application of force to it, which causes the tension of the flexible rod connected to it, will lead to the appearance of torque on the first pulley corresponding pair. The direction of winding the flexible traction on this pulley must be such that the mentioned torque can be transmitted to the drive shaft through an overrunning clutch. Due to this, when unwinding flexible traction from the first pulley, the drive shaft will be able to rotate and transmit torque to the massive flywheel means to simulate the resistance of the aquatic environment. The direction of winding the elastic elastic cord on the second pulley should be opposite to the direction of winding the flexible traction on the first pulley of the same pair. Due to this, when unwinding flexible traction from the first pulley, an elastic elastic cord having a preliminary tension will continue to be wound on a second pulley of the same pair, rigidly connected to the first, additionally stretching and increasing its tension. After removing the force that previously pulled the flexible rod and unwound it from the first pulley, the elastic elastic cord is able to contract and unwind from the second pulley, while rotating the first pulley in the direction that restores the winding of the flexible rod on it.

In the manufacture of the proposed simulator can be used simple and inexpensive materials. In particular, the flexible rods 2, 3 can be strong ropes, and the elastic elastic cords 8, 9 can be rubber bands.

In the cases shown in the described drawings, all the pulleys of both pairs (not only of the same name, but also of the opposite - the first and second) have the same diameters. This embodiment is more technologically advanced, but the presence of a difference between the diameters of unlike pulleys can create additional opportunities. So, for example, when the diameter of the second pulleys is larger than the diameter of the first pulleys, it is possible for the simulator mechanism to function with a lower tensile force of the cables connected to the second pulleys, made in the form of elastic elastic cords 8, 9.

The diameters of the first pulleys are equal to each other in order to have the same conditions when simulating right and left strokes, i.e. so that with the same efforts applied to the right and left flexible rods from the side of the ends of the paddle simulator, the drive shaft and then to the massive flywheel of the means for simulating the resistance of the aquatic environment are transmitted the same torques. In this regard, equality of the diameters of the second pulleys to each other is not necessary, but it is useful for providing the same conditions for the reverse winding of each of the flexible rods on the first pulley when simulating stroke from the side opposite to this flexible rod.

The intensity of the resistance of the aquatic environment can be regulated, for example, by means of artificial braking of rotation of the flywheel 26 not shown in the above drawings, which is an electric generator with a rotor located on a shaft 30 common to the flywheel 26 or on a kinematically connected other shaft; at the same time, a load with adjustable electrical resistance must be connected to the electric generator.

Another exemplary embodiment of a means of controlled artificial braking of rotation of the massive flywheel 26 is shown schematically in FIG. 8. This tool is a propeller 32 mounted on a shaft 30 in common with the massive flywheel 26 and located in the inner space 36 of the closed casing, which has a fixed 34 and a movable 38 parts. The latter can be moved in the direction shown by arrow 40, while changing the volume of the inner space 36, which determines the resistance experienced by the propeller 32 when it rotates. In another particular case not shown in the drawings, the propeller may not be mounted on the shaft 30, but on a kinematically connected other shaft.

In the aforementioned special case, when the massive flywheel is mounted directly on the drive shaft 20, this flywheel may take the form of a pulley and be a belt drive element for kinematic communication with the shaft on which the generator rotor or propeller is mounted. As shown in FIG. 9 case when, similarly to FIG. 8, a propeller is used (key 32), this propeller is mounted on a shaft 30.1 connected to the drive shaft 20, on which a massive flywheel-pulley 26.1 is mounted, with a transmission including a belt 23.1 and a pulley 25.1 mounted on a shaft 30.1 shared with the propeller 32 .

Instead of the above-described ways of regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment, a path not illustrated by the drawing can be used, which consists in using a massive flywheel (including when making it in the form of a pulley) made of ferromagnetic material and placed between the poles of a magnet. In this case, the latter should be installed with the possibility of changing the position of its poles relative to the massive flywheel.

In the above "single" implementation of the proposed simulator is used as follows.

In the initial state, the oar simulator 1 is located in front of the place for the athlete to place (in the special cases shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 6 above the main guide rollers 11, 12 or 11.1, 12.1 under the action of stretched flexible rods 2, 3) and oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the base 100.

Flexible rods 2, 3 are wound on the first pulleys 5.1, 5.2, and their unwound parts are located symmetrically on opposite sides from the longitudinal axis of the base and are in a stressed (non-sagging, i.e. stretched) state, since they are wound on the second pulleys 6.1 , 6.2 elastic elastic cords 8, 9 tend to rotate these pulleys together with the first pulleys 5.1, 5.2 in the direction in which the latter tend to wind flexible rods.

The kayak athlete is placed on the seat 102, puts his feet on a stop 103, picks up the simulator of the oar 1 and brings it closer to himself. As a result of the movements made by him, flexible rods 2, 3 begin to unwind on both first pulleys 5.1, 5.2, as a result of which a torque is transmitted through overrunning clutches 7.1, 7.2 to the drive shaft 20 and further to the massive flywheel 26. The latter begins to unwind, continuing due to its inertia, rotation also in the intervals between the movements of the athlete, imitating strokes. The free parts of the elastic elastic cords 8, 9 begin to be wound on both second pulleys 6.1, 6.2 and increase their tension.

With continued simulation of the stroke, the movement of the ends of the simulator 1, the oars relative to the longitudinal geometric axis of the base 100 of the simulator become asymmetrical. The end of the oar simulator 1, which is located below, pulls a flexible rod on its side, continuing to wind it from the corresponding first pulley, which in this direction of rotation continues to transmit torque through the overrunning clutch to the drive shaft 20, and to the second pulley connected to this first pulley the corresponding elastic elastic cord continues to be wound.

At this time, on the other side of the base 100, the stretched elastic elastic cord is allowed to unwind from the corresponding second pulley, since this is not prevented by an overrunning clutch. The second pulley rotating as a result of this unwinding rotates the first pulley rigidly connected to it, which does not transmit torque to the drive shaft 20 in the given direction of rotation through the overrunning clutch 20. The flexible rod connected to the first pulley continues to be in tension and without sagging, this first pulley acquires additional winding, preparing for the state that will be the initial one at the beginning of the next stroke simulation.

When simulating the next stroke, carried out on the other side of the base 100, the first and second pulleys of the right and left pairs and the associated flexible rods and elastic elastic cords change roles. The rest of the process proceeds as described.

In cases when the next stroke is performed on the same side as the previous one, in the interval between these two strokes, the elastic elastic cord, which received additional winding on the second pulley of the corresponding pair during the previous stroke, unwinds and rotates its second pulley in reverse direction. This second pulley rotates in the same direction the first pulley connected with it, which can rotate freely at this time relative to the drive shaft due to the presence of an overrunning clutch. When this happens, the winding back on the specified first pulley of the flexible rod, wound from this pulley during the previous stroke, thus making preparations for the next stroke.

When using the simulator to simulate canoeing on the base 100, instead of means for placing the athlete in the form of a seat and an emphasis on the legs, appropriate means specific for rowing in canoe should be located, for example, a knee pad and foot support. Due to the fact that such a replacement does not affect the simulator mechanism, it is not shown in the drawings. When simulating canoeing, all simulated strokes are carried out by only one end of the paddle simulator. When using the simulator by kayaking athletes, the paddle simulator is a simulator of a two-blade paddle, and when used by canoe athletes, it is a simulator of a one-blade paddle.

In the particular case of the proposed simulator, when it can be used by two athletes when simulating rowing in a double boat, it must be supplemented accordingly. Due to the principle of converting the movement of the paddle simulator into the movement of the drive shaft, which is the basis for the simulator’s functioning, this addition is implemented by adding means for placing the second athlete, the second paddle simulator, two pairs of pulleys, two flexible rods and two elastic elastic cords with the corresponding connections between them, including those used overrunning clutches for them, additional main and auxiliary guide rollers. It should be noted that the above principle is similar to that implemented in the simulator for simulating kayaking with simultaneous movement by land according to RF patent No. 2607309 (publ. 10.01.2017) [5], issued for the invention of the same authors as proposed in this application. The latter also has a number of other distinctive features from the formula of the patented invention [5]. The patent [5] was not named above when describing the prior art, since taking into account the provisions of paragraph 3 of Art. 1350 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the presence in it of publicly available information that may be relevant to the invention proposed in this application is not a circumstance that hinders the recognition of its patentability.

The addition of a simulator for use by two athletes is illustrated in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 for a special case when a kinematic scheme of motion transmission from a paddle simulator to a drive shaft is applied, similar to that shown in FIG. 3, i.e. elastic elastic cords are thrown through auxiliary guide rollers and fixed on the basis of the ends of their free (not wound on the second pulleys) parts. Moreover, each of the flexible rods 2 and 3 connected to the simulator 1 of the paddle of one of the athletes is thrown through one main guide roller (11 and 12), and each of the additional flexible rods 52 and 53 connected to the second simulator of the paddle 51 is thrown through two additional main guide rollers (61.1, 61.2 and 62.1, 62.2).

Shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the set of elements driven by the first athlete fully coincides with that shown in FIG. 3. These are two pairs of pulleys 5.1, 6.1 and 5.2, 6.2 with freewheels 7.1 and 7.2 on a common drive shaft 20, flexible rods 2 and 3, elastic elastic cords 8 and 9 and a simulator 1 oars. In addition, the main guide rollers 11, 12 and auxiliary guide rollers 13, 14, as well as a means for simulating the resistance of the aquatic environment in the form of a massive flywheel 26 with artificial rotation braking means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance, for example, made in accordance with FIG. 8.

The set of elements set in motion by the second athlete and participating in ensuring this movement is practically the same, differing only in the length of the flexible rods and, possibly, the length of the elastic elastic cords, as well as, as noted above, using two main guide rollers for each of the flexible rods. Elements of this population shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 - two additional pairs of pulleys 55.1, 56.1 and 55.2, 56.2 (pulleys 55.1 and 55.2 correspond to those that in the previous text were called the first pulleys of additional pairs, and pulleys 56.1 and 56.2 - the second pulleys of additional pairs) and additional overrunning clutches 57.1 and 57.2 on a common drive shaft 20, additional flexible rods 52 and 53, additional elastic elastic cords 58 and 59 and a second paddle simulator 51, as well as additional main (61.1, 61.2 and 62.1, 62.2) and additional auxiliary (63, 64) guide rollers. The latter and the auxiliary guide roller 14 are mounted on the fastening elements to the base 100, similar to the element 114 shown in FIG. 10, on which the auxiliary guide roller 13 is mounted. The additional main guide rollers 61.1, 61.2 are mounted respectively on the elements 157.1, 157.2 fixed to the base 100, and additional main guide rollers 62.1, 62.2 - on the similar named other elements. Of the two fixation points (17, 18) of the ends of the elastic elastic cords 8, 9 in FIG. 10, only one is visible - the point 17 belonging to the fastening element 124 installed on the base 100. The fixing point 18 and additional fixing elastic cords 58, 59 of the elastic fastening cords 58, 59 are located on the fastening elements installed on the base 100, similar to the element 124. Shown in FIG. 10 means for accommodating the second athlete (in this case, the kayaker) - the seat 112 and the footrest 113 - are located on the base 100 behind the same elements 102, 103 for the first athlete.

As already mentioned, FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 correspond to the particular case where the fixation of the ends of the free (not wound on the second pulleys) parts of the elastic elastic cords is similar to that shown in FIG. 3. For the two other particular cases described above of fixing these ends, there is a similar simple analogy between the schemes of FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 and irreducible diagrams illustrating the implementation of a simulator for simulating rowing in a double boat, as well as the analogy between the diagram of FIG. 3 and the circuit of FIG. eleven.

The actions performed by the second athlete with the second paddle simulator lead to the same interaction of kinematically related structural elements as the interaction described above for the corresponding elements during the actions of the first athlete with his paddle simulator. In this case, the efforts of the second athlete are converted, like the efforts of the first athlete, into the torque applied to the common drive shaft. These torques occur either synchronously and summarized, increasing the acceleration reported to the massive flywheel, or coincide in time only partially or not at all, depending on the nature of the joint actions of the athletes. As a result, the athletes' sensations associated with the resistance they experience when exposed to the oars simulators turn out to be similar to those that occur in similar situations when training on a real two-piece kayak or two-piece canoe conducted on water.

Along with the above-described implementation of the proposed simulator with a front location of the drive shaft with pulleys, it is possible to locate them in the rear of the simulator in combination with simultaneously changing the position of the fixation points of the elastic elastic cords and using a different number of main guide rollers.

In addition, along with the above-described implementation of the proposed simulator with a horizontal arrangement of the drive shaft and the shaft with a massive flywheel located on it, it is also possible to perform the vertical arrangement of these shafts. The presence of the main guide rollers through which the parts of the flexible rods are thrown between the first pulleys of all pairs and the ends of the paddle simulator (s) allows in this case to ensure reliable transfer of the efforts of the athlete (s) to the corresponding pulleys and the conversion of these efforts into torque, acting on the drive shaft.

The four pairs of pulleys described do not have to be located on the same drive shaft. It is possible to arrange pulleys driven by the first athlete, as described, on the drive shaft, and pulleys driven by the second athlete, on the additional shaft (and even the location of each pair of pulleys on its shaft). In such cases, each of these shafts must be kinematically connected with the flywheel of the means simulating the resistance of the aquatic environment, for example, by a belt drive similar to that shown in the drawings described above.

A particular case with a vertically mounted drive shaft and an additional shaft with the front of one of them and the rear of the other is illustrated in FIG. 12. In this figure, as in FIG. 10, the positions 100, 101, 1, 51, 102, 112, 103, 113, respectively, indicate the base of the simulator and its racks, the first and second simulators of the oars, seats for the first and second athletes and stops for their legs. The remaining positions are used to indicate elements whose execution or arrangement differs from that shown in FIG. 10, or which are generally shown in FIG. 10:

- 202, 252 flexible rods connected to the right ends of the simulators 1.51 oars; two other flexible rods not visible on the drawing are connected to the left ends of the paddle simulators;

- 211.1, 261.1 - the main guide rollers for flexible rods 202, 252, installed with the possibility of changing the orientation of the axes of their rotation when changing the orientation of the parts of these flexible rods located between these guide rollers and the right ends of the simulators 1, 51 oars; symmetrically to these rollers relative to the longitudinal axis of the simulator are the main guide rollers not visible on the drawing for flexible rods connected to the left ends of the paddle simulators, also installed with the ability to change the orientation of their rotation axes;

- 211.2, 261.2 - main guide rollers for the same flexible rods mounted motionless;

- 212.1, 262.1 - fixed motionless main guide rollers for flexible rods not visible on the drawing, connected to the left ends of the oars imitators 1, 51; parts of the flexible rods between these rollers and the ends of the oar simulator are thrown over the main guide rollers not visible in the drawing, which can change the orientation of their rotation axes, similar to the rollers 211.1 and 261.1 and installed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the base;

- 220.1; 205.1 and 205.2; 206.1 and 206.2; 207.1 and 207.2; 208 and 209; 224.1 - respectively, the drive shaft, the first pulleys, the second pulleys, freewheels, elastic elastic cords and a belt pulley in the massive flywheel 226, driven by strokes performed by the first athlete;

- 220.2; 255.1 and 255.2; 256.1 and 256.2; 257.1 and 257.2; 258 and 259; 224.2, respectively, an additional shaft, additional first pulleys, additional second pulleys, additional overrunning clutches, additional elastic elastic cords and a belt pulley from the additional shaft to the massive flywheel 226, driven by strokes performed by the second athlete;

- 230 - a shaft on which a massive flywheel 226 is mounted;

- 225.1 and 225.2 - belt pulleys mounted on the shaft 230 to this shaft from the drive shaft 220.1 and the additional shaft 220.2, respectively;

- 101.1 and 101.2 - power elements for installing shafts 220.1, 220.2 and 230; on the element 101.1, in addition, the ends of the elastic elastic cords 208, 209, 258, 259 are fixed, opposite to their ends, mounted on the second pulleys 206.1, 206.2, 256.1, 256,2, respectively.

The arrows in FIG. 12 shows the directions of rotation of the shafts 220.1, 220.2 and the movement of the parts of the flexible rods and elastic elastic cords. The required combination of these directions, providing the massive flywheel to move in the same direction when pulling any of the flexible rods, is ensured by the presence of overrunning clutches and the proper choice of the "path" for flexible rods to the first pulleys using the main guide rollers.

In FIG. 12, the diameters of the first pulleys of the main and additional pairs mounted respectively on the drive shaft 220.1 and the additional shaft 220.2 are the same. However, this is not necessary. If the simulator’s layout capabilities do not allow this condition to be fulfilled, then it is sufficient to ensure equality of the torques transmitted to the shaft 230 with the massive flywheel 226 installed on it, which are created by applying equal efforts to the flexible rods connected to the ends of the first and second oar simulators. With different diameters of the first pulleys mounted on the drive shaft 220.1 and the additional shaft 220.2, the equality of the mentioned torques can be achieved by choosing the ratio of the diameters of the pulleys 220.1 and 225.1, 224.2 and 225.2. This creates the same conditions for simulating strokes for both athletes.

Along with the arrangement shown in FIG. 12, it is also possible that the massive flywheel of the means for simulating the resistance of the aquatic environment is mounted directly on the drive shaft 220.1, the additional shaft 220.2 is kinematically connected to the drive shaft by means of a belt drive, and the massive flywheel is made in the form of a pulley, similar to that shown on FIG. 9 (item 26.1), and is connected by a belt drive to means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment, for example, similar to that shown in FIG. 9 propeller 32. The presence of the described and other options for changing the layout of the device further expands the freedom of choice for the developer and manufacturer of the simulator.

The proposed simulator can be used by both beginners and experienced canoeists and canoeists for training that does not require a reservoir, including double boats. Due to the ability to perform in the double version, it can also be used by athletes involved in quadruple kayaking and even on drag boats, since the double simulator differs from the single simulator in qualitative terms, allowing you to work out the technique of coordinated actions.

Information sources

1. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1018656, publ. 05/23/1983.

2. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1044299, publ. 09/30/1983.

3. Patent application of Germany No. 2639882, publ. 03/09/1978.

4. RF patent No. 2615946, publ. 04/11/2017.

5. RF patent №2607309, publ. 01/10/2017.

Claims (26)

1. A sports simulator for kayaking and canoeing, containing a base mounted on racks with means for placing an athlete on it, a paddle simulator in the form of a rod, two cables mounted on the base of the guide rollers, as well as two flexible rods, one end of each of which is fixed at one end of the paddle simulator, and a drive shaft mounted on the base with two pairs of pulleys, kinematically connected to the drive shaft means for simulating the resistance of the aquatic environment, containing a massive flywheel and equipped with a means for controlling the magnitude of this resistance, the first and second pulleys in each of these pairs are rigidly connected to each other and mounted on the drive shaft with the possibility of transmitting torque to it in one direction of rotation and free rotation relative to it in the opposite direction of rotation, each of which is flexible rods has a kinematic connection with the first pulley of one of these pairs, and each of the cables is connected at one of its ends with the second pulley of one of these pairs, characterized in that each of these cables is made in the form of an elastic elastic cord, the first pulleys of both of these pairs have the same diameters, the mentioned kinematic connection of the flexible rod with the first pulley in each pair is made by directly attaching the other end of the flexible rod to this pulley, the latter when finding the end of the simulator the oars to which it is connected, in an intermediate position between its possible extreme positions, is wound on this first pulley in the direction in which it is pulled by force, applied from the side of the oar simulator end connected to it, creates a torque in the direction that allows it to be transmitted to the drive shaft, and the elastic elastic cord connected to the second pulley of the same pair has winding on this pulley in the opposite direction to the flexible winding traction on the first pulley rigidly connected to it, and is in a stretched state, and the direction of the torque created on the first pulley by a flexible traction under the action of the force exerted from the sides the oars connected to the end of the simulator are the same for both flexible rods, each flexible rod is thrown over at least one main guide roller mounted on the base, while each of the main guide rollers in contact with the part of the flexible rod thrown over it, closest to the end of the simulator paddles, installed in front with respect to the location of the means for placing the athlete and with the possibility of changing the orientation of the axis of rotation, both elastic elastic cords are either directly fixed and the other ends on the base, or each of them is spanned by an auxiliary deflection roller and is fixed on the basis of its other end is connected to this end or the other end of the other resilient elastic cord. 2. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises means for placement on the basis of the second athlete, a second paddle simulator, two additional flexible rods, one end of each of which is fixed to one of the ends of the second paddle simulator, two additional pairs pulleys connected to each other, one of which in each additional pair is the first and the other the second, as well as two additional elastic elastic cords, each of which is connected at one of its ends to the second pulley of one of the additional pairs, and additional main and auxiliary guide rollers, each of the additional pairs of pulleys mounted on the drive shaft or kinematically connected with it or with means for simulating the resistance of the aqueous medium to the additional shaft with the possibility of transmitting to the shaft on which it is installed, torque at one the direction of rotation and free rotation relative to it with the opposite direction of rotation, both additional elastic elastic cord or directly fixed to each other with their ends on the base, or each of them is thrown through an additional auxiliary guide roller and fixed on the base with its other end or connected to the other end of the other additional elastic elastic cord by this end, each of the additional flexible rods with its other end is fixed to the first pulley of one of the additional steam and when finding the end of the second simulator of the paddle with which it is connected, in an intermediate position between its possible extreme positions has a winding on this first sheave e in the direction in which pulling it under the force exerted by the end of the second paddle simulator connected to it leads to the creation of torque in the direction that allows it to be transmitted to the shaft on which this first pulley is mounted, the direction and magnitude of the created the moment transmitted to the massive flywheel means for simulating the resistance of the aquatic environment, are the same for all the mentioned flexible rods when applying the same effort to them, and an additional elastic elast the connecting cord connected to the second pulley of each additional pair has a winding on this pulley in the opposite direction to the winding of the additional flexible traction on the first pulley rigidly connected to it, and is in a stretched state, each additional flexible traction is thrown through at least one installed based on the additional main guide roller, with each of the additional main guide rollers in contact with a part of the additional flexible rod thrown over it, near yshey to the end of the second simulator paddles mounted ahead with respect to the location of the second means for placing the athlete and to vary the orientation of its rotation axis. 3. The simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for placing the athlete include a seat and an emphasis on legs. 4. The simulator according to claim 3, characterized in that the means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment is made in the form of a shaft mounted on a shaft that is shared with the indicated massive flywheel or on a kinematically connected other shaft of the generator rotor connected to the latter, having an adjustable electrical load resistance. 5. The simulator according to claim 3, characterized in that the means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment is made in the form of a shaft mounted on a shaft that is shared with the indicated massive flywheel or on a kinematically connected other shaft of the screw, enclosed in a closed casing with an adjustable size of direction of air flow generated by said propeller. 6. The simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for placing the athlete include a pillow for the knee and an emphasis for the foot. 7. The simulator according to claim 6, characterized in that the means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment is made in the form of a shaft mounted on a shaft that is shared with the indicated massive flywheel or on a kinematically connected other shaft of the generator rotor connected to the latter and having an adjustable electrical load resistance. 8. The simulator according to claim 6, characterized in that the means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment is made in the form of a propeller mounted on a shaft common to the indicated massive flywheel or on a kinematically connected other shaft of the propeller enclosed in a closed casing with an adjustable size of direction of air flow generated by said propeller. 9. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment is made in the form of a shaft mounted on a shaft that is shared with the indicated massive flywheel or on a kinematically connected other shaft of the generator rotor connected to the latter and having an adjustable electrical load resistance. 10. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment is made in the form of a shaft mounted on a shaft that is shared with the indicated massive flywheel or on a kinematically connected other shaft of the screw, enclosed in a closed casing with an adjustable size of direction of air flow generated by said propeller. 11. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for placing the athlete include a seat and an emphasis on legs. 12. The simulator according to claim 11, characterized in that the means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment is made in the form of a shaft mounted on a shaft that is shared with the indicated massive flywheel or on a kinematically connected other shaft of the generator rotor connected to the latter, having an adjustable electrical load resistance. 13. The simulator according to claim 11, characterized in that the means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment is made in the form of a propeller mounted on a shaft common to the indicated massive flywheel or on a kinematically connected other shaft of the propeller enclosed in a closed casing with an adjustable size of direction of air flow generated by said propeller. 14. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for placing the athlete include a pillow for the knee and an emphasis for the foot. 15. The simulator according to claim 14, characterized in that the means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment is made in the form of a shaft mounted on a shaft that is in common with the indicated massive flywheel or on a kinematically connected other shaft of the generator rotor connected to the latter, having an adjustable electrical load resistance. 16. The simulator according to claim 14, characterized in that the means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aquatic environment is made in the form of a propeller mounted on a shaft common to the indicated massive flywheel or on a kinematically connected other shaft of the propeller enclosed in a closed casing with an adjustable size of direction of air flow generated by said propeller. 17. The simulator according to any one of paragraphs. 1-16, characterized in that the installation on the drive shaft of each pair of these rigidly connected to each other of the first and second pulleys is performed using an overrunning clutch. 18. The simulator according to any one of paragraphs. 1-16, characterized in that said elastic elastic cords are rubber bands, and said flexible rods are made in the form of ropes. 19. The simulator according to claim 18, characterized in that the installation on the drive shaft of each pair of these first and second pulleys rigidly connected to each other is performed using an overrunning clutch. 20. The simulator according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, 6, characterized in that the kinematic connection of the means for simulating the resistance of the aqueous medium with the drive shaft is carried out by installing the specified massive flywheel directly on the drive shaft, while the means for regulating the value of the simulated resistance of the aqueous medium is made in the form of a propeller enclosed in a closed casing with an adjustable size in the direction of the air flow created by the specified propeller, the massive flywheel is made in the form of a pulley and is connected with this V-belt transmission with said propeller on a common shaft which is mounted the other pulley of the belt transmission. 21. The simulator according to claim 20, characterized in that the second pulley in each pair has a larger diameter than the first. 22. The simulator according to claim 20, characterized in that the installation on the drive shaft of each pair of these first and second pulleys rigidly connected to each other is performed using an overrunning clutch. 23. The simulator according to claim 20, characterized in that said elastic elastic cords are rubber bands, and said flexible rods are made in the form of ropes. 24. The simulator according to claim 23, characterized in that the installation on the drive shaft of each pair of said first and second pulleys rigidly connected to each other is performed using an overrunning clutch. 25. The simulator according to any one of paragraphs. 1-16, 19, 22-24, characterized in that the second pulley in each pair has a larger diameter than the first. 26. The simulator according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, 6, 11, 14, characterized in that the massive flywheel of the means for simulating the resistance of the aquatic environment is made of ferromagnetic material, and the means for regulating the magnitude of this resistance is made in the form of a magnet, between the poles of which is located the specified massive flywheel installed with the possibility changes in the position of its poles relative to this flywheel.

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