RU2500011C1 - Electronic book (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technology.

SUBSTANCE: electronic book has a housing with a front wall and a rear wall; at least part of the front wall is made using an electronic ink technique; the rear wall of the housing is made from sheet strained material, the sheet strained material being made such that the boundary of its cross-section on one of the areas is in form of an element of a conic section and the boundary of its longitudinal section on one of the areas is in form of an element of a conic section, wherein said area of the boundary of the cross-section and area of the boundary of the longitudinal section are in form of different-length elements of different ellipses, hyperbolas with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and the area of the boundary of the cross-section and the area of the boundary of the longitudinal section cross.

EFFECT: high counterfeit protection of electronic books.

2 cl, 16 dwg, 12 tbl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of production of computers, in particular electronic books, and can be applied in the design and manufacture of electronic book cases using sheet deformed materials from metal, plastic, composite material and other materials.

State of the art

Known computer containing a housing with a cover. The cover is made of deformed sheet material, which is made of aluminum-magnesium alloy. The computer contains elements: a liquid crystal display, electronic functional system units with a processor, a battery and a hard or electronic disk in the container, as well as external connectors. The computer is electromagnetically shielded, the lid is made in the form of a rotary plate, the container of the hard or electronic disk is cushioned, and the liquid crystal display is located on the upper side of the case, equipped with a touch panel and made in color / Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation 74721 “Tablet computer”, publ. July 10, 2008 /.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the relatively low protection against counterfeiting.

An analogue of deformed sheet material can be a sheet material made in such a way that the border of its cross section in at least one of the sections is made in the form of a conical section element / Summary of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 36274 "Sheet material", publ. March 10, 2004 /.

The disadvantages of sheet deformed material are the relatively low protection against counterfeiting.

The prototype is an electronic book containing a housing with front and rear walls, at least a portion of the front wall is made using electronic ink technology, the rear wall of the housing is made using deformed sheet material.

Inside the case there are technical means of processing commands and forming an image on the screen. The screen is made in the form of electronic paper using electronic ink technology / http://www.the-ebook.org/?p=10118/.

Signs of the prototype, similar to the features of the invention: "An electronic book containing a housing with front and rear walls, at least a portion of the front wall is made using electronic ink technology, the rear wall of the housing is made using deformed sheet material."

The disadvantages of the prototype

The prototype is difficult to identify in the process of its use due to the implementation of the border of the cross section of the rear wall in the form of straight lines and circle elements, and also because of the implementation of the border of the longitudinal section of the rear wall in the form of elements of straight lines and circles, which are widely used in manufacturing practice e-books and sheet materials by a large number of manufacturers.

The prototype has low protection against counterfeiting during its manufacture due to the implementation of the cross-sectional boundary of the rear wall in the form of straight lines and circle elements, as well as due to the implementation of the longitudinal sectional boundary of the rear wall in the form of straight line elements and circles, which are widely used in practice the manufacture of electronic books and sheet materials by a large number of manufacturers.

Disclosure of invention

Identification and protection against counterfeiting are actual problems in the modern production of electronic books.

When creating the invention, the problem was solved to significantly increase the security of electronic books from fake.

The application describes two embodiments of the invention.

For the first invention, this problem is solved due to the fact that the electronic book contains a housing with front and rear walls, at least a portion of the front wall is made using electronic ink technology, the rear wall of the housing is made using sheet deformed material, and differs from the prototype in , what

the deformed sheet material is made in such a way that the border of its cross section in at least one of the sections is made in the form of a conical section element and the boundary of its longitudinal section in at least one of the sections is made in the form of a conical section element, and the aforementioned the cross-sectional boundary section of the sheet of deformed material and the aforementioned longitudinal-boundary section of the sheet of deformed sheet material are made in the form of different elements of different lengths Lips with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and the section of the border of the cross section and the section of the border of the longitudinal section intersect;

the ratio of the length of the larger element of the ellipse to the length of the smaller element of the ellipse is from 1.001 to 1000; the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the ellipse to the smaller eccentricity of the ellipse is from 1.001 to 1,000,000; the ratio of the larger value of the focal parameter of the ellipse to the smaller value of the focal parameter of the ellipse is from 1.001 to 1,000,000.

In the second invention, this problem is solved due to the fact that the electronic book contains a housing with front and rear walls, at least a portion of the front wall is made using electronic ink technology, the rear wall of the housing is made using sheet deformed material, and differs from the prototype in , what

the deformed sheet material is made in such a way that the border of its cross section in at least one of the sections is made in the form of a conical section element and the boundary of its longitudinal section in at least one of the sections is made in the form of a conical section element, and the aforementioned a portion of the cross-sectional boundary of the sheet of deformed material and the aforementioned portion of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the sheet of deformed material are made in the form of various a perbola with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and the section of the border of the cross section and the section of the border of the longitudinal section intersect;

the ratio of the length of the larger element of the hyperbola to the length of the smaller element of the hyperbola is from 1.001 to 1000; the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the hyperbola to the lower eccentricity of the hyperbola is from 1.001 to 1,000,000; the ratio of the larger value of the focal parameter of the hyperbola to the smaller value of the focal parameter of the hyperbola is from 1.001 to 1,000,000.

The technical results of the invention are:

- a significant improvement (improving convenience and reliability) of the identification of electronic books and, in particular, sheet deformed materials (used to make the back walls of electronic books) in the process of their use due to the implementation of the section of the border of the cross section and the portion of the border of the longitudinal section in the form of conical sections and exceptions in the formation of these sections of the boundaries of the sections of the elements of circles and straight lines, widely used in the practice of manufacturing sheet materials;

- a significant increase in the protection of electronic books and, in particular, sheet deformed materials (used for the manufacture of the rear walls of electronic books) from counterfeiting during their manufacture by performing a section of the cross-sectional border and the longitudinal sectional border in the form of various conical sectional elements that are manufacturer's identifiers e-books or sheet materials, and exceptions when forming these sections of the boundaries of the sections of the elements of circles and straight lines, widely using theirs in the practice of manufacturing sheet materials.

The sheet deformed material hereinafter, for simplification of the text, will also be called “sheet material”.

Ten other embodiments of sheet deformed material developing the invention are described below.

The sheet material can be made in such a way that it additionally contains a section of the cross-sectional border in the same cross section and further comprises a section of the longitudinal section border and these sections are made in the form of different length elements of different ellipses with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The sheet material can be made in such a way that it additionally contains a section of the cross-sectional border in the same cross section and further comprises a section of the longitudinal section border and these sections are made in the form of different length elements of different hyperbolas with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The sheet material can be made in such a way that it in the same cross section further comprises a section of the cross-section boundary and this section is made in the form of different length elements of different ellipses with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters; and in the same longitudinal section, it further comprises a section of the boundary of the longitudinal section and this section is made in the form of elements of different ellipses different in length with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The sheet material can be made in such a way that in the same cross section it further comprises a section of the cross-section boundary and this section is made in the form of different length elements of different hyperbolas with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters; and in the same longitudinal section, it further comprises a section of the boundary of the longitudinal section, and this section is made in the form of different length elements of different hyperbolas with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The sheet material can be made in such a way that it in the same cross section further comprises a cross-sectional boundary section and this cross-sectional section is made in the form of different length elements of a hyperbola and an ellipse; and in the same longitudinal section further comprises a section of the boundary of the longitudinal section and this section of the longitudinal section is made in the form of elements of different hyperbola and ellipse lengths.

The sheet material can be made in such a way that it further comprises, in another cross-section, a portion of the cross-sectional border and further comprises, in a different longitudinal section, a portion of the longitudinal-section border; and these sections of the boundaries of the transverse and longitudinal sections are made in the form of elements of different ellipses different in length with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The sheet material can be made in such a way that it further comprises, in another cross-section, a portion of the cross-sectional border and further comprises, in a different longitudinal section, a portion of the longitudinal-section border; and these sections of the boundaries of the transverse and longitudinal sections are made in the form of different length elements of various hyperbolas with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The sheet material can be made in such a way that it additionally contains, in another cross-section, a section of the cross-sectional border and this section of the cross-sectional border is made in the form of different length elements of different ellipses with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters; and further in another longitudinal section it contains a portion of the boundary of the longitudinal section, and this portion of the boundary of the longitudinal section is made in the form of different length elements of various ellipses with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The sheet material can be made in such a way that it additionally contains, in a different cross-section, a section of the cross-section border and this section of the cross-section border is made in the form of different length elements of different hyperbolas with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters; and further in another longitudinal section it contains a portion of the boundary of the longitudinal section and this portion of the boundary of the longitudinal section is made in the form of different length elements of different hyperbolas with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The sheet material can be made in such a way that it additionally, in another cross-section, contains a section of the cross-sectional border and this section of the cross-sectional border is made in the form of ellipse and hyperbola elements of different lengths; and further in another longitudinal section it contains a section of the border of the longitudinal section and this section of the border of the longitudinal section is made in the form of ellipse and hyperbola elements of different lengths.

Let us explain the terms used to describe the features of the invention.

The eccentricity and focal parameter completely determine the conic section (hyperbola, parabola and ellipse).

The term "section of the border of the cross section" refers to part of the border of the cross section. The length of the plot is less than the length of the entire border of the cross section.

The term "portion of the boundary of the longitudinal section" refers to part of the boundary of the longitudinal section. The length of the plot is less than the length of the entire boundary of the longitudinal section.

A longitudinal section is a section extending in the direction of length or located along the length of something.

Along - along the length of something.

Cross section - located across something.

Across - the width of something.

The cross section is performed at an angle of 90 ° to the longitudinal section.

Using the values of eccentricities and focal parameters as the hallmarks of sheet materials will maximize the use of conical sections as identifiers of sheet material manufacturers.

If the above sections of the boundaries of the sections are made of ellipse elements, then in the production of sheet materials it is advisable to fulfill the following conditions:

- the ratio of the length of the larger element of the ellipse to the length of the smaller element of the ellipse is from 1.001 to 1000;

- the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the ellipse to the smaller eccentricity of the ellipse is from 1.001 to 1,000,000;

- the ratio of the larger value of the focal parameter of the ellipse to the smaller value of the focal parameter of the ellipse is from 1.001 to 1,000,000. This will simplify the production of sheet materials and the identification process.

If the above sections of the boundaries of the sections are made of hyperbole elements, then in the production of sheet materials it is advisable to fulfill the following conditions:

- the ratio of the length of the larger element of the hyperbola to the length of the smaller element of the hyperbola is from 1.001 to 1000;

- the ratio of the larger the eccentricity of the hyperbola to the lower the eccentricity of the hyperbola is from 1.001 to 1,000,000;

- the ratio of the larger value of the focal parameter of the hyperbola to the smaller value of the focal parameter of the hyperbola is from 1.001 to 1,000,000. This will also simplify the production of sheet materials and the identification process.

If the above section of the boundary of the section (transverse or longitudinal section) is made of elements of hyperbolas and ellipses, then in the production of sheet materials it is advisable to fulfill the following conditions:

- the ratio of the length of the longer element to the length of the smaller element is from 1.001 to 1000.

The deformed sheet material described in the invention provides increased protection against counterfeiting, simplification and cheapening of the identification of the manufacturer, as well as simplification of its disposal.

The life cycle of an e-book with a back wall of sheet material consists of three stages: manufacturing, use and disposal.

The contents of the steps are described in more detail below with regard to identifiers and identification of sheet material.

First step. Production of sheet materials with identifiers

During the manufacture of sheet materials or after the manufacture of sheet materials, an identifier or identifiers are always entered in them.

The term "identifier" means a sign that serves to identify a recognizable object, in particular sheet material produced by a particular manufacturer in a particular production. The manufacturer is uniquely determined by the identifier or set of identifiers, and knowing the manufacturer, the conditions and features of its production are determined, and it is established from which and how the sheet material is made. Identifiers in a sheet material can be units, tens, hundreds, thousands and more. The more identifiers entered into the design of sheet materials, the more difficult it is to fake.

Identifiers currently in use are:

- imprint of the stamp or seal on the surface of the sheet material. An imprint of a stamp may be an imprint of a trademark. Appearance of the label pasted on sheet material, and information on the label;

- color or color cast of sheet material;

- the type of raw material from which the sheet material is made, all kinds of unique additives and fillers;

- a design feature for the manufacture of sheet materials, in particular a complex surface in shape (a complex cross-sectional shape).

Design features are laid with fixtures and tools, with the help of which the sheet material is deformed at the manufacturer. Deformation, in particular, is carried out by rolling and / or stamping, and / or bending.

Design features are:

- the complex shape of the sheet material (or element of the sheet material), in particular alternating protrusions and recesses made in cross section in the form of elements of conical sections;

- specific values of rounding radii (not used by other manufacturers), specific values of body lengths (not used by other manufacturers), etc.

- type and class of surface treatment, matte surfaces, surfaces with high reflective properties, surface treatment with a unique tool;

- the use of curves or a combination of second-order curves to form a sectional boundary of the sheet material. The more complicated the combination of curves, the more reliable the identification, the more difficult it is to fake sheet material of this manufacturer. Cross-sections of various devices with complex configurations are given in sources / 1-20 /.

The invention proposes the exclusion of straight lines and circle elements when forming certain sectional boundaries of sheet materials. Straight lines and circle elements are now widely used by manufacturers to form the borders of sections of sheet materials. The exclusion of lines and circle elements during the formation of certain sectional boundaries of sheet materials and the use of hyperbole or ellipse elements instead is an effective identifier, i.e. a hallmark of this manufacturer and the production of sheet materials.

Second phase. Use of sheet materials

The use of sheet materials begins with input control at the enterprise using these sheet materials, for example, for the manufacture of walls of electronic books. In the process of input control, identification of sheet materials is carried out. The main task of the input control is to identify defective sheet materials, defective sheet materials, fake sheet materials (for example, sheet materials made in cottage industry from low-quality raw materials, but in shape resembling sheet material of a well-known manufacturer).

The use of fake, low-quality sheet materials in the electronic industry will entail economic and moral damage to the manufacturer of the product, in particular electronic books.

The term “identification” means the establishment of conformity of a recognized object (product) with its image (identifier), in our case, the determination of whether a particular sheet material sample was produced by a particular manufacturer using the manufacturer’s identifier entered in the sheet metal housing structure during sheet material production .

To identify the sheet material described in the invention, tools and instruments can be used, in particular three-coordinate measuring machines, microscopes with the camera function, and others. To process the obtained measurement results, the mathematical apparatus described in the section "Implementation of the invention" is used.

In the process of using the sheet material is subjected to stress.

If the sheet material is poor-quality (for example, tampered with), then during the loading process, its destruction can occur.

Claims for the destruction of the sheet material are sent to the manufacturer. The manufacturer or the appointed commission identifies the collapsed sheet material and determines whether a specific sample of the collapsed sheet material was produced by this manufacturer or if this sheet material was not produced at this plant. From the identification results depends on who will pay the damage to the consumer of the sheet material, as well as the owner of the electronic book.

The third stage. Disposal of sheet material

Dispose of the sheet material by destroying it under a press and grinding. After destruction and grinding, the resulting raw material goes to the manufacturer for the production of new sheet materials.

Currently, information about the manufacturer of sheet materials is mainly posted on a tag, label, passport or encoded in a mark (stamp or barcode), placed on the surface of the sheet material. However, a tag, a label, a passport, a stamp imprint is quite simply faked. It is more difficult to fake a label or information produced by a laser under a surface layer (under a coating) of a sheet material (for example, a back wall) by the method described in the abstract of RF patent 2124988, published on January 20, 1999. This label is not visible to the naked eye. It can only be seen in polarized light. The disadvantage of this method is the extreme complexity and high cost of equipment.

Studies conducted during the development of the present invention show that it is difficult to fake the shape characteristics of sheet materials, laid simultaneously in the longitudinal and transverse sections of sheet materials with tools and tools with which the sheet material is deformed at the manufacturer. And this way of protecting sheet materials from counterfeiting is currently the most effective and promising in terms of further improvement.

The claimed invention provides a significant increase in the protection of electronic books and, in particular, sheet deformed materials from falsification during their manufacture by performing a section of the cross-sectional border and a portion of the longitudinal section of the sheet materials in the form of various elements of conical sections, which are identifiers of the manufacturer of sheet materials, t .e. hallmarks of sheet materials produced in this particular production from sheet materials produced in another production. Moreover, the total length of the sections of the boundaries of the sections with identifiers can be significantly increased compared with the situation when the identifier is located only at the border of the cross section.

Identifiers located only at the cross-sectional border are described in detail in the abstract of the RF patent for invention No. 2266851, published on December 27, 2005 (the date of publication of the application on December 20, 2004).

The claimed invention develops the theme of improving the manufacture of electronic books and their back walls from sheet materials with a complex shape of their surface and introducing them into the design of sheet materials, namely at the same time in the longitudinal and cross sections of sheet materials identifier or identifiers in the form of different lengths of conical sections with different characteristics (parameters), in particular with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

It is advisable to enter the identifier in the form of a cross-section and longitudinal section or in the form of a border of the cross-section and longitudinal section of sheet materials, since it is precisely the section boundary that is set during forming operations in the manufacture of deformed sheet materials. It is advisable to perform the identifier in the form of a combination of various elements of ellipses, or hyperbolas, or ellipses and hyperbolas, while eliminating straight lines and circle elements that are widely used in modern practice in the manufacture of sheet materials. It will be shown below that an identifier in the form of a circle element is difficult to perform and difficult to identify.

Improving the convenience and reliability of identification of sheet materials when using them is achieved by performing identifiers on the surface of sheet materials simultaneously at the border of the cross section and at the border of the longitudinal section in the form of various elements of conical sections.

The ellipse is a conical section and its eccentricity (in polar coordinates) can take values, for example, from 0.00001 to 0.99999 (i.e., values greater than zero, but less than unity).

A hyperbola is a conical section and its eccentricity can take values, for example, from 1.00001 to 1,000,000 (i.e., values are large units).

A parabola is a conical section and its eccentricity is 1. The circle is also a conical section and its eccentricity is 0.

When entering the identifier (for example, in the press matrix (mold) using a milling machine with program control), a slight error can always be made. For example, the process of introducing a circle element into the cross section can be carried out with an error of 1%. Then, when identifying sheet material (taking measurements, identifying a curve, and calculating eccentricity), the eccentricity value can be equal to 0.01. But this value is already greater than 0, and the figure in cross section is identified as an ellipse. The process of introducing a parabola element into the cross section can also be carried out with an error of 1%. Then, when identifying sheet material, the eccentricity value may be equal to 0.99. But this value is already less than 1, and the figure in cross section is identified as an ellipse.

In order to avoid such errors and increase the efficiency of the identification process, it is advisable to use sheet elements or combinations of elements of ellipses and hyperbolas to identify sheet materials, and for an ellipse the eccentricity should be set in the range, for example, from 0.01 (far from 0) to, for example, 0.99, and for hyperbole from 1.01 and higher.

Existing three-coordinate measuring machines (for example, QM-M333, EGX-30, MINITRICOORD, TRICOORD) allow measuring objects with a maximum size of up to 2500 mm and a minimum size of 10 mm.

With the large-scale implementation of the invention, each plant or plant for the production of sheet materials will correspond to a unique combination of elements of various ellipses and hyperbolas with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters in certain places on the border of the cross section and on the border of the longitudinal section.

Thus, a significant improvement is achieved (increasing the convenience and reliability) of the identification of sheet materials in the process of their use due to the implementation of the section of the border of the cross section and the section of the border of the longitudinal section in the form of conical sections and eliminating the formation of these sections of the boundaries of the sections of the circles that are widely used the practice of manufacturing sheet materials.

Simplification of the manufacture of deformed sheet materials with a complex body shape is achieved by eliminating the circumference elements when forming longitudinal and cross sections of sheet materials (or, in other words, the contours of sheet materials).

Modern manufacturing techniques of sheet deformed materials involve the use of molds and rolling rolls. In this case, the working surfaces of the molds and rolling rolls are performed with the boundaries of the cross sections in the form of circle elements and the boundaries of the longitudinal sections in the form of straight lines and circle elements. The manufacture of such molds is possible using a machine with numerical control (CNC), equipped with software that allows you to work with geometric shapes in the form of circles.

Equipment used for the manufacture of molds and rolls should have the highest accuracy class. For the manufacture of rolling rolls, a 1I611PMF3 lathe with numerical control of increased accuracy can be used. This machine is designed for surface treatment of parts such as bodies of revolution with a stepped and curved profile of varying complexity. The machine is equipped with CNC, synchronous drives, feed motors and a Lenze frequency converter and an electromechanical turret drive. Accuracy class - "P" according to Russian state standard GOST 8-82. Technical characteristics: the largest diameter of the workpiece over the caliper is 125 mm, the largest length of the workpiece is 500 mm, the discreteness of movement of the caliper in the longitudinal and transverse directions is 0.001 mm. There is a performance of this machine with accuracy class "B" according to the Russian state standard GOST 8-82.

For the manufacture of molds for sheet materials that do not contain circle elements in the transverse and longitudinal sections and contain only ellipse and hyperbole elements in the transverse and longitudinal sections, the widely used CNC 6M612F11 milling and boring machine can be used. This machine is designed for surface treatment of parts with a stepped and curved profile of varying complexity, including elliptical and hyperbolic profiles.

The PNC300 3D milling machine can also be used to create complex mold surfaces. The machine is equipped with a computer for three-dimensional modeling of the machined surface, as well as a milling unit for quickly creating simulated forms. This machine provides a maximum surface treatment speed of 3.6 meters / minute along the X and Y axis and 1.8 meters / minute along the Z axis, program resolution 0.01 mm / step, and mechanical resolution 0.00125 mm / step. The practical use of the machine confirms its high ability to reproduce in metal (plastic, glass, wood and other materials) any curved surfaces.

Using this machine, the time to create a mold containing cross-sectional and longitudinal sections with elements of hyperbolas and ellipses is significantly less than the time to create a mold containing circular sections (verified experimentally).

The above describes the machines that are used in the Russian Federation. In the United States of America and EU countries, other machines with similar characteristics may be used to implement the invention.

Thus, the implementation of sections of the boundaries of the sections in the form of circles leads to a complication of the manufacturing process of sheet materials. And as identifiers, the elements of circles (as well as parabolas) cannot be used, since an error in their manufacture leads to identification errors.

In the manufacture of sheet materials according to the claimed invention, a structural orientation of the strength properties of sheet materials in a longitudinal and cross section is ensured, which will facilitate the process of utilization of sheet materials by pressing. During disposal, the sheet material in the press is oriented in such a way that the compressive effect of the press is carried out in the plane of least resistance of the sheet material to compressive loads. The implementation of the boundaries of the sections in the form of elements of conical sections leads to local thinning or thickening of the wall of sheet materials. The place of thinning of the wall is the place where compressive force should be applied during disposal. In the place of thinning the greatest probability of destruction of sheet materials. The place of thickening of the wall is also the place where compressive force should be applied during disposal, since it is the compression force that will be concentrated on it.

The execution of sections of the boundaries of the sections in the form of elements of ellipses and hyperbolas leads to the fact that the cross section contains an axis (axis "A"), relative to which the moment of inertia of the cross section during bending will be maximum, and an axis (axis "B"), relative to which the moment of inertia the cross section will be minimal, and the longitudinal section contains the axis (axis "C"), relative to which the moment of inertia of the longitudinal section during bending will be maximum, and the axis (axis "D"), relative to which the moment of inertia of the longitudinal section will be minimal.

When disposing of sheet materials, a force is applied to the sheet material in a direction parallel to the axes “A” and “C” and perpendicular to the axes “B” and “D”. In this case, the sheet material in these sections exhibits minimal resistance to bending, which leads to a decrease in the effort to break sheet materials and lower energy costs for the disposal of sheet materials.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a view of the rear wall of the electronic book.

Figure 2 shows the remote element I.

Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of a sheet of material in the area identified by the remote element I.

Figure 4 shows a cross section of sheet material in the area highlighted by the remote element I.

Figure 5 shows the remote element II.

Figure 6 shows a longitudinal section of sheet material in the area highlighted by the remote element II.

7 shows a cross section of sheet material in the area highlighted by the remote element II.

On Fig depicts the remote element III.

Figure 9 shows a longitudinal section of the sheet material in the area highlighted by the remote element III.

Figure 10 shows a cross section of sheet material in the area highlighted by the remote element III.

Figure 11 shows the remote element IV.

On Fig shows a longitudinal section of sheet material in the area highlighted by the remote element IV.

On Fig shows a cross section of sheet material in the area highlighted by the remote element IV.

On Fig shows a remote element V.

On Fig shows a longitudinal section of sheet material in the area highlighted by the remote element V.

On Fig shows a cross section of sheet material in the area highlighted by the remote element V.

The implementation of the invention

As an example implementation of the invention, consider an e-book containing a housing with front and rear walls. The rear wall of the housing is made using sheet deformed material.

Figure 1 presents a view of the rear wall of the electronic book. The back wall is made of deformed sheet material and five areas are highlighted on this sheet material. These areas are indicated by external elements I-V. On the selected elements of the deformed sheet material, identifiers are made in the form of elements of conical sections (elements of ellipses and hyperbolas) at the boundaries of cross sections and the boundaries of longitudinal sections.

The sheet material can be single-layer and multi-layer. For greater information content, the drawings depict a two-layer deformed sheet material. The sheet material consists of a metal sheet 1 and a coating 2. In the General case, the sheet material can be made three-layer, five-layer, etc. (layered).

1, reference numeral 41 denotes the rear wall of an electronic book.

On the selected element I (see FIG. 2), a cross-section BB and a longitudinal section AA of a deformed sheet are constructed. The boundary of the longitudinal section AA (see figure 3) in the area between points 3 and 4 is made in the form of an ellipse element. The border of the cross-section BB (see figure 4) in the area between points 5 and 6 is also made in the form of an ellipse element. The ellipse element located between points 3 and 4 is longer in length (length) of the ellipse element located between points 5 and 6. The difference in the length of these elements is 10%. In addition, these ellipse elements are made with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

In the figures, sections B-B, D-D, J-J, G-G, K-K are rotated 90 °.

Eccentricity is a dimensionless quantity. The focal parameter and the lengths of the elements of the curves in the application are given in millimeters (mm).

On the selected element II (see FIG. 3), a cross-section D-D and a longitudinal section CC of a deformed sheet material are constructed. The boundary of the longitudinal section CC (see Fig.6) in the area between points 7 and 8 is made in the form of an element of a hyperbola. The cross-sectional boundary D-D (see Fig. 7) in the area between points 9 and 10 is also made in the form of an element of a hyperbola. The hyperbola element located between points 7 and 8 is longer in length (length) of the hyperbola element located between points 9 and 10. The difference in the length of these elements is 15%. In addition, these elements of hyperbolas are made with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

On the selected element III (see Fig. 8), a cross section J-J and a longitudinal section E-E of the sheet deformed material are constructed. The boundary of the longitudinal section EE (see Fig. 9) in the region between points 11 and 12 is made in the form of an ellipse element and in the region between points 12 and 13 is made in the form of an ellipse element. The ellipse element located between points 11 and 12 is longer in length (length) of the ellipse element located between points 12 and 13. The difference in the length of these elements is 20%. In addition, these ellipse elements are made with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The boundary of the cross-section J-J (see figure 10) in the area between points 14 and 15 is made in the form of an ellipse element and in the area between points 15 and 16 is made in the form of an ellipse element. The ellipse element located between points 14 and 15 is longer in length (length) of the ellipse element located between points 15 and 16. The difference in the length of these elements is 5%. In addition, these ellipse elements are made with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

On the selected element IV (see Fig. 11), a cross section G-G and a longitudinal section H — H of the sheet deformed material are constructed. The boundary of the longitudinal section HH (see Fig. 12) in the region between points 17 and 18 is made in the form of an element of hyperbole and in the region between points 18 and 19 is made in the form of an element of hyperbola. The hyperbola element located between points 17 and 18 is longer in length (length) of the hyperbola element located between points 18 and 19. The difference in the length of these elements is 25%. In addition, these elements of hyperbolas are made with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The cross-sectional boundary G-G (see FIG. 13) in the region between points 20 and 21 is made in the form of a hyperbole element and in the region between points 21 and 22 is made in the form of a hyperbole element. The hyperbola element located between points 20 and 21 is longer in length (length) of the hyperbola element located between points 21 and 22. The difference in the length of these elements is 30%. In addition, these elements of hyperbolas are made with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

On the selected element V (see FIG. 14), a cross section KK and a longitudinal section F-F of the sheet deformed material are constructed. The boundary of the longitudinal section F-F (see Fig. 15) in the area between points 23 and 24 is made in the form of an ellipse element and in the area between points 24 and 25 is made in the form of a hyperbole element. The hyperbola element located between points 24 and 25 is smaller in length (length) of the ellipse element located between points 23 and 24. The difference in the length of these elements is 100%.

The cross-sectional boundary KK (see FIG. 16) in the region between points 26 and 27 is made in the form of a hyperbola element and in the region between points 27 and 28 is made in the form of an ellipse element. The hyperbola element located between points 26 and 27 is longer in length (length) of the ellipse element located between points 27 and 28. The difference in the length of these elements is 5%.

The aforementioned sections of the cross-sectional boundaries and the aforementioned sections of the longitudinal sectional boundaries intersect.

The sheet material is made in such a way that it in longitudinal section (see Fig. 9) further comprises a section boundary section made in the form of two elements of different ellipses different in length (between points 13 and 29, 29 and 30) with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The sheet material is made in such a way that it in cross section (see Fig. 10) further comprises a section border section made in the form of two elements of different ellipses different in length (between points 16 and 31, 31 and 32) with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The sheet material is made in such a way that it in longitudinal section (see FIG. 12) further comprises a section boundary section made in the form of two different hyperbole elements of different lengths (between points 19 and 33, 33 and 34) with different eccentricities and focal parameters.

The sheet material is made in such a way that it in cross section (see Fig. 13) additionally contains a section of the section boundary made in the form of two different lengths of elements of different hyperbolas (between points 22 and 35, 35 and 36) with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters.

The sheet material is made in such a way that it in longitudinal section (see Fig. 15) additionally contains a section boundary section made in the form of elements of different hyperbola lengths (between points 25 and 37) and an ellipse (between points 37 and 38).

The sheet material is made in such a way that it in cross section (see Fig. 16) further comprises a section boundary section made in the form of elements of a different hyperbola length (between points 39 and 40) and an ellipse (between points 28 and 39).

For the manufacture of deformed sheet materials (in particular, the walls of electronic books), for example, a mold is produced by the stamping method. The mold shape defines the shape of the sheet material that will be deformed by the press. The cross section of the mold in the cross section is made in the form of an element or elements of conical sections (elements of ellipses and / or hyperbolas). The cross section of the mold coincides with the cross section of the deformed sheet material.

In addition, in the mold in longitudinal section, the boundary section is made in the form of an element or elements of conical sections (elements of ellipses and / or hyperbolas). The longitudinal section of the mold coincides with the longitudinal section of the deformed sheet material.

The following are specific examples of the invention as applied to the back wall of an electronic book made in the form of a sheet of deformed material.

The deformed sheet material is made in such a way that the boundary of the longitudinal section (see Fig. 3) in the region between points 3 and 4 is made in the form of an ellipse element 10 mm long, with an eccentricity of 0.8, and a focal parameter of 2 mm.

The border of the cross section (see figure 4) in the area between points 5 and 6 is made in the form of an ellipse element with a length of 11 mm, with an eccentricity of 0.5, and a focal parameter of 40 mm. The area between points 3 and 4 is made with a deflection to the outside of the sheet material. The area between points 5 and 6 is made with a deflection to the outside of the sheet material.

The deformed sheet material is made in such a way that the boundary of the longitudinal section (see Fig. 6) in the area between points 7 and 8 is made in the form of a 20 mm long hyperbola element, with an eccentricity of 35, and a focal parameter of 4 mm. The border of the cross section (see Fig. 7) in the area between points 9 and 10 is made in the form of a hyperbola element 23 mm long, with an eccentricity of 25, and a focal parameter of 5 mm. The section between points 7 and 8 is made with a deflection inside the sheet material. The section between points 9 and 10 is made with a deflection inside the sheet material.

The deformed sheet material is made in such a way that the boundary of the longitudinal section (see Fig. 9) in the area between points 11 and 12, 12 and 13 is made in the form of elements of various ellipses 10 mm and 12 mm long, with an eccentricity of 0.85 and 0.98, the focal parameter 2 mm and 3 mm. The border of the cross section (see Fig. 10) in the area between points 14 and 15, 15 and 16 is made in the form of elements of various ellipses 11 mm and 11.55 long, with an eccentricity of 0.5 and 0.45, a focal parameter of 40 mm and 60 mm.

The deformed sheet material is made in such a way that the boundary of the longitudinal section (see Fig. 12) in the area between points 17 and 18, 18 and 19 is made in the form of elements of various hyperbolas with a length of 15 mm and 18.75 mm, with an eccentricity of 5.85 and 7.98, the focal parameter 12 mm vs 35 mm. The border of the cross section (see Fig. 13) in the area between points 20 and 21, 21 and 22 is made in the form of elements of various hyperbolas with a length of 28 mm and 21.55, with an eccentricity of 6.5 and 2.45, a focal parameter of 40 mm and 20 mm.

The deformed sheet material is made in such a way that the boundary of the longitudinal section (see Fig. 15) in the region between points 23 and 24, 24 and 25 is made in the form of ellipse and hyperbola elements with a length of 50 mm and 25 mm, with an eccentricity of 0.85 and 9.99, focal parameter 90 mm and 25 mm. The border of the cross section (see Fig. 16) in the area between points 26 and 27, 27 and 28 is made in the form of elements of a hyperbola and an ellipse 28 mm and 29.4 mm long, with an eccentricity of 9.5 and 0.45, a focal parameter of 20 mm and 10 mm.

We give further examples of a possible implementation of the invention. The sheet material is made in such a way that the border of the cross section at one of its sections can be made in the form of at least two different ellipses of different lengths (with focal parameters equal to 10 mm and 100 mm), with the ratio of the length of the larger element the ellipse to the length of the smaller ellipse element is in the range of 1.001 to 1000. For example, the length of the larger ellipse element may be 1.001 mm, the length of the smaller ellipse element may be 1.000 mm. Then the ratio of the length of the larger element of the ellipse to the length of the smaller element of the ellipse is 1.001. The length of the larger ellipse element can be equal to 1000 mm, the length of the smaller ellipse element can be equal to 1.000 mm. Then the ratio of the length of the larger element of the ellipse to the length of the smaller element of the ellipse is 1000.

The sheet material can be made in such a way that, in a cross section, the boundary of the cross section in at least one of the sections is made in the form of at least two ellipse elements with different lengths with different eccentricities (for example, with values of 0.000000999 and 0.999 or with values 0.999 and 0.998). Then the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the ellipse to the smaller eccentricity of the ellipse is 1,000,000 and 1.001, respectively.

The cross-sectional boundary of the sheet material in one of its sections can be made in the form of at least two different hyperbole elements of different lengths, and the ratio of the length of the larger hyperbole element to the length of the smaller hyperbole element is from 1.001 to 1000. For example, the length of the larger element of the hyperbola may be equal to 1.001 mm, the length of the smaller element of the hyperbola may be equal to 1.000 mm. Then the ratio of the length of the larger element of the hyperbola to the length of the smaller element of the hyperbola is 1.001. The length of the larger element of the hyperbola can be equal to 1000 mm, the length of the smaller element of the hyperbola can be equal to 1.000 mm. Then the ratio of the length of the larger element of the hyperbola to the length of the smaller element of the hyperbola is 1000.

The section boundary (longitudinal or transverse) can be made with a length of "l". And the boundary of the section can be made with the length "L". In this case, “l” is determined by the formula:

0.0001 L≤l <0.99 L.

An element of a conical section (an ellipse element or an element of a hyperbola) in longitudinal or transverse section can be made with a length of "k". In this case, “k” is determined by the formula:

0.0001 L≤k <0.99 L.

The sheet material in the section (in longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that in the cross section the border of the section in at least one of the sections is made in the form of at least two different lengths of hyperbole elements with different values of eccentricities (for example , with values 1.1 and 1.0989 or with values 1.1 and 1100000). Then the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the hyperbola to the smaller eccentricity of the hyperbola is 1.001 and 1,000,000, respectively.

The sheet material in the cross section (longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the ellipse to the smaller eccentricity of the ellipse is 1.001, i.e. the value of the smaller eccentricity is 0.29, and the larger is 0.29029. This ensures a seamless connection of elements.

The sheet material in the cross section (in the longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the ellipse to the smaller value of the eccentricity of the ellipse is 100, i.e., the value of the larger eccentricity is 0.29 and less than 0.0029. This ensures a seamless connection of elements.

The sheet material in the cross section (longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the ellipse to the smaller eccentricity of the ellipse is 1,000,000, i.e. the value of the larger eccentricity is 0.99 and less than 0.00000099.

The sheet material in cross section (longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that the ratio of the length of the larger element of the hyperbola to the length of the smaller element of the hyperbola is 1.001, i.e. the length of the larger element is 1.001 mm, and the length of the smaller element is 1 mm.

The sheet material in cross section (longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that the ratio of the length of the larger element of the hyperbola to the length of the smaller element of the hyperbola is 10, i.e. the length of the larger element is 10 mm and the length of the smaller element is 1 mm.

The sheet material in cross section (longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that the ratio of the length of the larger element of the hyperbola to the length of the smaller element of the hyperbola is 100, i.e. the length of the larger element is 100 mm, and the length of the smaller element is 1 mm.

The sheet material in cross section (longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that the ratio of the length of the larger element of the hyperbola to the length of the smaller element of the hyperbola is 1000, i.e. the length of the larger element is 1000 mm, and the length of the smaller element is 1 mm.

The sheet material in the cross section (longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the hyperbola to the smaller eccentricity of the hyperbola is 1.001, i.e. the value of the smaller eccentricity is 10, and the value of the smaller 10.01.

The sheet material in cross section (in longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that the ratio of a larger eccentricity of a hyperbola to a lower eccentricity of a hyperbola is 10, i.e. a value of less eccentricity is 10, and a value of less than 100.

The sheet material in cross section (in longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that the ratio of a larger eccentricity of a hyperbola to a lower eccentricity of a hyperbola is 100, i.e. a value of less eccentricity is 100, and a value of less than 10,000.

The sheet material in cross section (in longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the hyperbola to the smaller eccentricity of the hyperbola is 10,000, i.e. a value of less eccentricity is 10, and a value of less than 1,000,000. This ensures a seamless connection of the elements.

The sheet material in the cross section (longitudinal or transverse) can be made in such a way that the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the hyperbola to the smaller eccentricity of the hyperbola is 1,000,000, i.e. a value of less eccentricity is 10, and a value of less than 10,000,000.

The presence of a difference in the above parameters will allow for the efficient identification of sheet materials.

Briefly, the foregoing can be described as follows: a sheet of deformed material is made in such a way that certain intersecting sections of its transverse and longitudinal section boundaries are made of ellipses with different characteristics and hyperbole elements with different characteristics.

The method of using the invention is as follows.

The location of the sections at the boundaries of the cross sections of the back wall of the electronic book, the number of elements, their length, as well as the curve parameters (eccentricity, focal parameter) are identifiers of the manufacturer of the electronic book and the sheet material from which the wall is made. In addition, information on the properties of the sheet material, the importer and the exporter can be encoded using the above-described sections at the boundary of the cross section of the sheet material.

After the manufacture of the electronic book or the back wall of sheet material before use for their intended purpose, they are identified.

Studies in the field of recognition and identification of curves show that a curve located on a plane (or in a section) can be divided into sections so that each section is satisfactory (with an error of 0.1% for three-coordinate machines of the type CRYST-APEX C544, CRYST-APEX C574 , CRYST-APEX C9166, etc.) was approximated by a straight line or a curved line of the second order (hyperbola, parabola, ellipse, circle).

The shape identification of sheet deformed materials is carried out by measuring the coordinates of the border of the cross and longitudinal section. Each section of the section boundary is approximated by a second-order curve at N points with coordinates x _i , y _i , where i = 1, ... N. The measurements of the coordinates of the points of the cross-section are carried out using a measuring device, in particular using a three-coordinate measuring machine. For this purpose, for example, three-axis measuring machines of the type CRYST-APEX C544, CRYST-APEX C574, CRYST-APEX C9166, CRYST-APEX C 123010 with a measurement error of 1-3 μm, UPMC 850 from Zeiss with a measurement error of 1-1.5 can be used microns.

Determination of the geometric shape of the sheet material is carried out on the basis of measurements of the rectangular coordinates of the profile (sectional boundary) of the sheet material X _i , Y _i , i = 1, ... N, where N is the number of measurements. As a result of identification, the mathematical form of the section (profile) border of the sheet material, sections of the section (profile) border, which serve as identifiers and are second-order curves, should be identified. The coordinates of the points of the boundary of the section (profile) are measured on a three-coordinate measuring machine with high resolution (and therefore accuracy), for example, from 100 to 500 points per millimeter. The presence of measurement errors and natural roughness is taken into account in the algorithms for processing measurement information.

The identification algorithm for sheet material includes the following steps:

1. Smoothing the measurements of the coordinates of the curve profile section (transverse or longitudinal) of the sheet material / 21 /.

Smoothing is performed to obtain an estimate of the mathematical expectation of the sectional profile of the sheet material. The mathematical expectation (average value) of the profile is calculated by the formulas

$$m_h\left(x\right)=\frac{N^{-\mathrm{one}}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^N{K}_h\left(x-X_i\right)Y_i}}{N^{-\mathrm{one}}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^N{K}_h\left(x-X_i\right)}},$$

where K _h (u) is the Gaussian core, h is the scale parameter,

$$K_h\left(u\right)={\left(2\pi \right)}^{-12}\exp \left(\frac{-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="u"\; filenames="00000017.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">u</figure-callout>}}^2}{2}\right).$$

2. The section of the profile curve, which is the identifier, is described by the second-order equation / 24 /:

G (x, y) = p ₁ x ² + 2p ₂ xy + p ₃ y ² + 2p ₄ x + 2p ₅ y + 1 = 0.

To find estimates of the parameters of the second-order curve a, b, c, d, e, it is necessary to solve a system of N equations compiled from the results of measuring the rectangular coordinates of the profile X _i , Y _i i = 1, ... N, which has the form / 22 /:

Ap = b,

, вектор b=[-1, -1,…-1] размерности N.where the matrix A = [q ₁ , q ₂ , ... q _N ] ^T , the vector p [p ₁ , p ₂ , p ₃ , p ₄ , p ₅ ] ^T , the column vector $$q_i={[{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="X\; i"\; filenames="00000017.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X\; </figure-callout>}}_i^{}\mathrm{,\; 2}{X}_i{Y}_i,{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Y\; i"\; filenames="00000017.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Y\; </figure-callout>}}_i^{}\mathrm{,\; 2}{X}_i\mathrm{,\; 2}{Y}_i]}^T$$

, the vector b = [- 1, -1, ... -1] of dimension N.

The solution of the system of equations by the least squares method using the QR decomposition of the matrix A = QR is written in the form / 23 /:

p = R ^-1 Q ^T b.

3. The invariants of the second-order curves / 24 / are calculated:

$$C=\begin{array}{ccc}{p}_1& p_2& p_4\\ p_2& p_3& p_5\\ P_3& p_4& 1\end{array}$$

I = p ₁ + p ₃ , $$D=\begin{array}{cc}{p}_{\mathrm{one}}& p_2\\ p_3& p_{\mathrm{four}}\end{array},$$

$$C=\begin{array}{ccc}{p}_{\mathrm{one}}& p_2& p_{\mathrm{four}}\\ p_2& p_3& p_5\\ P_3& p_{\mathrm{four}}& \mathrm{one}\end{array}$$

Depending on the fulfillment of the conditions, the type of the section of the profile curve is determined:

- участок кривой профиля - эллипс,D> 0 and $$\frac{C}{I}<0$$

- section of the profile curve - ellipse

D <0 - section of the profile curve - hyperbole,

D = 0 - section of the profile curve - parabola,

и I²=4D - участок кривой профиля - окружность.D> 0 and $$\frac{C}{I}<0$$

and I ² = 4D — section of the profile curve — circle.

Further, applying the well-known transformations / 24 /, which consist of introducing a new coordinate system, the general equation of a second-order curve can be reduced to standard or canonical form. The canonical equation of any nondegenerate second-order curve can be reduced to the form / 24 /:

y ² = 2px- (1-e ² ) x ² .

In this equation, the parameter “e” is the eccentricity, and “p” is the focal parameter.

The arc length of the curve is:

$$S={\displaystyle \underset{a}{\overset{b}{\int }}\sqrt{\mathrm{one}+y{\text{'}\text{'}}^2}dx},$$

where y 'is the first derivative of the function that describes the arc of the curve in the Cartesian coordinate system, x = a and x = b are the abscissas of the points between which the length is determined.

The time for this identification process is minutes. If the curve recognizes not the desired element of the curve, but another curve, such as a parabola, then a conclusion is made about the fake sheet material. In the general case, any Nth-order curve can be used as the manufacturer's identifier, however, it is the ellipse and hyperbola that are most effective due to the fact that these curves have long been well known and studied. The values of the eccentricities of these curves are determined by ranges, not unit values, as in circles or parabolas.

Below we give a number of specific examples of introducing an identifier into a sheet material during its manufacture at Plant A, as well as its identification. The designation of the plant is conditional.

1. In the manufacture of a sheet of deformed material (deformation was carried out under a press) at a certain place, the manufacturer performed a section of the boundary of a certain cross section in the form of two elements of different curves, in particular a hyperbole.

The manufacturer stated the following characteristics of the elements of these curves:

Table 1 Part No. Hyperbolic Eccentricity Focal parameter of the hyperbole, mm The length of the hyperbola element, mm one 5.414 0.76910 ³ 181 12.709 0.82810 ³ 128

The manufacturer indicated that the error in determining all of these parameters should not exceed 5%.

When identifying at the same plant, the UPMC - 850 coordinate measuring machine was used for measurements; the measurement accuracy in the form of the limiting measurement error for a confidence probability of 0.95 was calculated by the formula $$u95=\left(1.7+\frac{L}{300}\right)mkm,$$

where L is the measured size in mm.

The recognition of the curves was carried out according to the method described above. Measurements were taken at the place where the identifier was executed.

The identification results are shown in the table below.

table 2 Part No. Hyperbolic Eccentricity Focal parameter of the hyperbole, mm The length of the hyperbola element, mm one 5.3 0.76110 ³ 181 ^*) 12.5 0.82410 ³ 128 *) the lengths of the required elements of the hyperbolas were set equal to the lengths of the identifier elements specified by the plant “A”.

The error in identifying the parameters of ellipses does not exceed 5%.

Thus, the sheet material is identified, it is established that its manufacturer is factory “A”.

2. In the manufacture of a sheet of material deformed under a press in a certain place, the manufacturer performed a section of the boundary of a certain cross section in the form of two elements of different curves.

The manufacturer stated the following characteristics of the elements of these curves:

Table 3 Part No. Hyperbolic Eccentricity Focal parameter of the hyperbole, mm The length of the hyperbola element, mm 2 9.0 1.06 · 10 ³ 164 11.0 1.08 · 10 ³ 158

The manufacturer indicated that the error in determining all of these parameters should not exceed 5%.

When identifying at the same plant, the UPMC - 850 coordinate measuring machine was used for measurements; the measurement accuracy in the form of a limiting measurement error for a confidence probability of 0.95 was calculated by the formula $$u95=\left(1.7+\frac{L}{300}\right)mkm,$$

where L is the measured size in mm.

The recognition of the curves was carried out according to the method described above. Measurements were taken at the place where the identifier was executed.

The identification results are shown in the table below.

Table 4 Part No. Hyperbolic Eccentricity Focal parameter of the hyperbole, mm The length of the hyperbola element, mm 2 9.005 1.05810 ³ 164 11.086 1.08110 ³ 158

The error in identifying the parameters of ellipses does not exceed 5%.

Thus, the sheet material is identified, it is established that its manufacturer is factory “A”.

3. In the manufacture of a sheet of material deformed under a press in a certain place, the manufacturer made a section of the boundary of a certain cross section in the form of two elements of different curves.

The manufacturer stated the following characteristics of the elements of these curves:

Table 5 Part No. Hyperbolic Eccentricity Focal parameter of the hyperbole, mm The length of the hyperbola element, mm 3 5.426 0.65710 ³ 182 4.928 0.70410 ³ 230

The manufacturer indicated that the error in determining all of these parameters should not exceed 5%.

When identifying at the same plant, the UPMC - 850 coordinate measuring machine was used for measurements; the measurement accuracy in the form of the limiting measurement error for a confidence probability of 0.95 was calculated by the formula $$u95=\left(1.7+\frac{L}{300}\right)mkm,$$

where L is the measured size in mm.

The recognition of the curves was carried out according to the method described above. Measurements were taken at the place where the identifier was executed.

The identification results are shown in the table below.

Table 6 Part No. Hyperbolic Eccentricity Focal parameter of the hyperbole, mm The length of the hyperbola element, mm 3 5.42 0.65310 ³ 182 4.92 0.70010 ³ 230

The error in identifying the parameters of ellipses does not exceed 5%.

Thus, the sheet material is identified, it is established that its manufacturer is factory “A”.

4. In the manufacture of a sheet of material deformed under a press in a certain place, the manufacturer performed a section of the boundary of a certain cross section in the form of two elements of different curves.

The manufacturer stated the following characteristics of the elements of these curves:

Table 7 Part No. Hyperbolic Eccentricity Focal parameter of the hyperbole, mm The length of the hyperbola element, mm four 5.041 0.75010 ³ 158 7.879 0.79110 ³ 147

The manufacturer indicated that the error in determining all of these parameters should not exceed 5%.

When identifying at the same plant, the UPMC - 850 coordinate measuring machine was used for measurements; the measurement accuracy in the form of a limiting measurement error for a confidence probability of 0.95 was calculated by the formula $$u95=\left(1.7+\frac{L}{300}\right)mkm,$$

where L is the measured size in mm.

The recognition of the curves was carried out according to the method described above. Measurements were taken at the place where the identifier was executed.

The identification results are shown in the table below.

Table 8 Part No. Hyperbolic Eccentricity Focal parameter of the hyperbole, mm The length of the hyperbola element, mm four 5.04 0.7710 ³ 158 7.875 0.7910 ³ 147

The error in identifying the parameters of ellipses does not exceed 5%.

Thus, the sheet material is identified, it is established that its manufacturer is factory “A”.

5. In the manufacture of a sheet of material deformed under a press at a certain place, the manufacturer performed a section of the boundary of a certain cross section in the form of two elements of different curves.

The manufacturer stated the following characteristics of the elements of these curves:

Table 9 Part No. Hyperbolic Eccentricity Focal parameter of the hyperbole, mm The length of the hyperbola element, mm 5 7.324 0.83610 ³ 148 10.492 0.68610 ³ 157

The manufacturer indicated that the error in determining all of these parameters should not exceed 5%.

When identifying at the same plant, the UPMC - 850 coordinate measuring machine was used for measurements; the measurement accuracy in the form of a limiting measurement error for a confidence probability of 0.95 was calculated by the formula $$u95=\left(1.7+\frac{L}{300}\right)mkm,$$

where L is the measured size in mm.

The recognition of the curves was carried out according to the method described above. Measurements were taken at the place where the identifier was executed.

The identification results are shown in the table below.

Table 10 Part No. Hyperbolic Eccentricity Focal parameter of the hyperbole, mm The length of the hyperbola element, mm 5 7.321 0.83510 ³ 148 10.488 0.68510 ³ 157

The error in identifying the parameters of ellipses does not exceed 5%.

Thus, the sheet material is identified, it is established that its manufacturer is factory “A”.

6. In the manufacture of a sheet of material deformed under a press in a certain place, the manufacturer performed a section of the boundary of a certain cross section in the form of two elements of different curves.

The manufacturer stated the following characteristics of the elements of these curves:

Table 11 Part No. Hyperbolic Eccentricity Focal parameter of the hyperbole, mm The length of the hyperbola element, mm 6 4.623 0.66110 ³ 155.85 7.662 0.70310 ³ 145.76

The manufacturer indicated that the error in determining all of these parameters should not exceed 5%.

When identifying at the same plant, the UPMC - 850 coordinate measuring machine was used for measurements; the measurement accuracy in the form of the limiting measurement error for a confidence probability of 0.95 was calculated by the formula $$u95=\left(1.7+\frac{L}{300}\right)mkm,$$

where L is the measured size in mm.

The recognition of the curves was carried out according to the method described above. Measurements were taken at the place where the identifier was executed.

The identification results are shown in the table below.

Table 12 Part No. Hyperbolic Eccentricity Focal parameter of the hyperbole, mm The length of the hyperbola element, mm 6 4.627 0.66310 ³ 155.85 7.665 0.70110 ³ 145.76

The error in identifying the parameters of ellipses does not exceed 5%.

Thus, the sheet material is identified, it is established that its manufacturer is factory “A”.

In examples 1-5, the lengths of the elements were set in mm. In Example 6, the lengths of the elements are set with an accuracy of 10 μm.

Each plant or plant legally producing sheet material will correspond to a unique combination of ellipse elements and / or hyperbolas in a specific place on the border of the cross-section for the identifier.

In addition, the use of the invention in the manufacture of sheet materials with a complex cross-sectional shape will greatly simplify the process of their manufacture by reducing the types of curves used to two - an ellipse and a hyperbola. The simplification of the process is mainly associated with the simplification of the operation of machine tools with programmed control.

An increase in surface area will be achieved with the sheet material described in the invention. Therefore, the claimed sheet material will increase heat transfer with the environment.

The sheet material described in the invention provides an increase in thermal conductivity in the places of thinning.

Utilization of sheet materials will also be simplified, since in the manufacture of sheet materials according to the claimed invention provides a structural orientation of the strength properties of sheet materials in longitudinal and transverse sections. When disposing of the sheet material in the press, it is oriented in such a way that the compressive action of the press is carried out in the plane of least resistance to the sheet material body against compressive loads. The action of the force is directed in such a way that the longitudinal and transverse sections provide minimal resistance to compression. Experimental studies with prototypes of the claimed sheet material showed that when compressed, the sheet material breaks down at weakened places of the sheet materials.

Thus, the problem of the invention is solved, the claimed technical results are achieved.

Literature

1. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2140678 "Ceramic capacitor", published on 10.27.1999, IPC H01G 4/12.

2. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2144149 "Laminated washer" published on January 10, 2000 according to IPC F16B 43/00.

3. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2139816 "Metal vessel", published on 10/20/99, according to IPC B65D 1/00.

4. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 21399819 "Laminated vessel", published October 20, 1999 according to IPC B65D 1/02.

5. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2136412 "Tubular layered structural material", published on 10.09.99, IPC B21B 17/00.

6. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2266851 "Tara", published December 27, 2005 according to IPC B65D 1/00.

7. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2143614 "Layered hairpin" published on 12/27/1999 according to IPC F16B 35/00.

8. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2143610 "Laminated washer", published on 10.01.2000 according to IPC F16B 43/00.

9. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2144149 "Laminated screw", published on 12.27.1999, IPC F16B 25/00.

10. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2143608 "Laminated rivet" published on 12/27/1999 under IPC F16B 19/04.

11. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2144146 "Laminated nut" published on January 10, 2000 according to IPC F16B 37/00.

12. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2144632 "Washer" published on 01/20/2000 according to IPC F16B 43/00.

13. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2133365 "Stringer of a vessel", published on December 27, 1999 under IPC B36B 3/28.

14. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2133364 "Vessel frame" published on 12.27.1999, IPC B36B 3/28.

15. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2133363 "Sheathing of a vessel is layered", published on December 27, 1999, according to IPC B36B 3/20.

16. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2143362 "Sheathing of the vessel", published on December 27, 1999, according to IPC B36V 3/16.

17. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2133379 "Spar of the vessel", published on 12.27.1999, IPC B64C 1/06.

18. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2133380 "Covering the aircraft", published December 27, 1999 according to IPC B64C 1/14.

19. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2144482 "Lining of the aircraft layered", published on 01.20.2000 according to IPC B64C 1/12.

20. Abstract to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2144487 "Stringer of the aircraft layered", published January 20, 2000 according to IPC B64C 3/18.

21. W. Hardle. Applied nonparametric regression. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, 1990.

22. Z. Zhang, Parameter Estimation Techniques: A Tutorial with Application to Conic Fitting, International Journal of Image and Vision Computing, Vol. 15, No.1, pages 59-76, January 1997.

23. J. Demmel. Applied Numerical Linear Algebra. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. Philadelphia, 1997.

24. G. Korn, M. Korn. Mathematical Handbook For Scientist And Engineers. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York, 1968.

Claims (2)

1. An electronic book containing a housing with front and rear walls, at least a portion of the front wall is made using electronic ink technology, the rear wall of the housing is made using sheet deformed material, characterized in that
the deformed sheet material is made in such a way that the border of its cross section in at least one of the sections is made in the form of a conical section element and the boundary of its longitudinal section in at least one of the sections is made in the form of a conical section element, and the above the cross-sectional boundary section of the sheet of deformed material and the aforementioned longitudinal-boundary section of the sheet of deformed sheet material are made in the form of elements of different lengths different in length Lips with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and the section of the border of the cross section and the section of the border of the longitudinal section intersect;
the ratio of the length of the larger element of the ellipse to the length of the smaller element of the ellipse is from 1.001 to 1000; the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the ellipse to the smaller eccentricity of the ellipse is from 1.001 to 1,000,000; the ratio of the larger value of the focal parameter of the ellipse to the smaller value of the focal parameter of the ellipse is from 1.001 to 1,000,000. 2. An electronic book containing a housing with front and rear walls, at least a portion of the front wall is made using electronic ink technology, the rear wall of the housing is made using sheet deformed material, characterized in that
the deformed sheet material is made in such a way that the border of its cross section in at least one of the sections is made in the form of a conical section element and the boundary of its longitudinal section in at least one of the sections is made in the form of a conical section element, and the aforementioned a portion of the cross-sectional boundary of the sheet of deformed material and the aforementioned portion of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the sheet of deformed material are made in the form of various a perbola with different values of eccentricities and focal parameters, and the section of the cross-sectional border and the section of the longitudinal sectional border intersect
the ratio of the length of the larger element of the hyperbola to the length of the smaller element of the hyperbola is from 1.001 to 1000; the ratio of the larger eccentricity of the hyperbola to the lower eccentricity of the hyperbola is from 1.001 to 1,000,000; the ratio of the larger value of the focal parameter of the hyperbola to the smaller value of the focal parameter of the hyperbola is from 1.001 to 1,000,000.

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