RU2593295C2 - Method of collecting oil or oil products from surface of navigable rivers with fast stream - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for localization and collection of oil product on water surface of large navigable rivers with fast flow, mainly in areas of underwater river crossings of oil or oil product pipelines. Method envisages installation of a boom, compression and localisation of an oil spill on water surface. After that, oil or oil products are collected and removed in a receiving tank. At that, prior to oil or oil product spill compression and localisation, the spill is divided into two or more spill spots, while for every spot a mobile unit of floating booms is formed. There are previously developed situational models of oil or oil products spill at a certain section of the river. Account is made of the discharge escape, hydrological and meteorological parameters, velocity gradient along the width of the water flow in different seasonal periods, most probable trajectories of spill spot movement, its dimensions and movement speed, composition of forces and means for localisation and elimination of the oil or oil products spill. Selected for implementation is the situational model closest to the actual situation.

EFFECT: there is ensured rapid retention of oil or oil products and their efficient localisation and collection from water surface on navigable rivers with a fast stream.

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Description

The invention relates to the protection of the environment and is intended for the localization and collection of oil on the water surface of large navigable rivers with a fast flow (flow velocity of more than 1 m / s), mainly in places of underwater crossings of rivers of main pipelines of oil or oil products.

A known method of collecting oil and oil products in a flowing reservoir [RF Patent No. 2349704], including the localization of a polluting spot by installing a boom fence, securing a chain of movable sections articulated by vertical fasteners using cables connected to the extreme sections and coastal anchors across the reservoir at an angle to the direction of the water flow and the direction of the oil slick to the point of discharge, while the sections are made of logs or beams, the sections are connected by bonding combined the protrusion and groove made on the end sides of the sections, and the installation of the chain of sections across the body of water is carried out by diluting and fixing at an angle to the direction of the water flow of the rails - movable bars, each of which is connected at one end to the section with the possibility of rotation up to 90 °, which are carried out by struts pivotally connected to the ray or section, and in standby mode, the rails are located along the sections, and in the operating mode, the rails are fixed at an acute angle to the section.

The disadvantage of this method is that on large navigable rivers with a fast flow (flow velocity of more than 1 m / s), a large number of booms are required to be installed at a small angle to the dynamic axis of the river flow (with a total length of 4 to 10 river widths), which is almost impossible at a reasonable time allotted for the localization of an oil spill (oil product).

A known method of collecting oil from the surface of the water (sea area) [RF Patent No. 2518385], in which a floating oil-containing boom is installed in water in a substantially perpendicular direction with respect to the direction of oil movement, while the oil-containing boom is anchored to the bottom of the sea through a series of anchor nodes at a distance from each other, and this distance is clearly less than the length of the oil-holding booms between them, and the oil-holding booms between two points of fixation are organized in the form of a letter V directed from the approaching oil slick, and the oil collection station is attached to the corner of the V-shaped oil-holding boom, while the oil collected in the corner of the V-shaped boom is lifted from the water surface to the oil collecting station, and floating oil-holding booms corresponding to the oil collecting station and equipment for anchor units are tightly packed and connected to each other in a transport unit or storage cassette with the formation of a directly deployable integrated set before installing a floating oil-retaining Bon it in water with said transport block or a cassette for storage. One of the options for implementing the method involves the free floating of the oil collection station together with the oil-holding boom, forming a V-shaped structure of the oil-holding boom under the influence of wind and water currents.

This method is of little use on large navigable rivers with a fast flow (flow velocity of more than 1 m / s), since it does not take into account the formation of turbulent flows leading to the passage of trapped oil (oil products) under and / or over the booms.

As a prototype, the method of collecting, removing oil from the surface of the reservoir [RF Patent No. 2475590], including installing a boom from the vessel, compressing and localizing the oil spill on the surface of the reservoir, equipping the vessel with a device for collecting and removing oil from the surface of the reservoir and pumping under the spill, was selected air oil, the collection and removal of oil in a receiving tank, while the air is cooled below 0 ° C before being pumped under an oil spill, and during the collection, removal of the spill from the surface of the reservoir, the kinematic viscosity in the oil is maintained above 2 0 cSt, create and store a water-dispersed layer of water with oil.

The prototype provides coverage of the stain of pollution and its mechanical compression (localization). This method is applicable only for individual small spots of contamination in stagnant water or at low flow rates, when the spot can be trawled by an order without an oil leak under the booms.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to develop a method for the operational retention of oil (oil product) and the effective localization and collection of oil (oil product) from the water surface on navigable rivers with a fast flow.

This problem is solved by the method of collecting oil or oil product from the surface of navigable rivers with a fast flow, including the installation of a boom, compressing and localizing the spill on the surface of the reservoir, collecting and removing oil or oil product in a receiving tank, in which, according to the proposal for compressing and localizing the oil spill, or the oil product is used, at least one mobile boom warrant, enveloping the head of one spill spot, established by at least two boats, and drift the mobile order in the direction of the drift of the spill spot at a speed lower than the drift speed of the spot by 0.05-0.35 m / s.

Simultaneously with the operation of compression and containment, it is also possible to collect and remove oil or oil product by means of at least one oil recovery vessel entering the mobile boom warrant.

It is also advisable, after compression and localization of the oil or oil product spill spot, to redirect its drift towards the previously installed coastal pocket formed by the holding and shore protection lines of the boom barriers and to release the remaining oil from the order into the coastal pocket.

If a spill of oil or an oil product does not allow compressing and localizing it using one mobile boom warrant (relevant information can be obtained, for example, by visual analysis of the spill, in particular its size, possible falling into river arms, rounding islands, etc.), it is advisable to pre-divide (for example, with a stream of water) it into two or more spots and for each use (form) a mobile boom warrant.

The predominant use of the proposed technical solution is associated with underwater crossings of trunk pipelines, which allows you to preliminarily develop situational models of oil or oil products spills on a certain section of the river, taking into account the nature of the outflow, hydrological and meteorological parameters, the velocity gradient along the width of the watercourse in various seasonal periods, including the most likely trajectories the movement of the spill spot, its size and speed, the composition of forces and means for localization and spill oil or petroleum products, and in case of an emergency (or a pipe fracture leaks) to choose to implement closest to the real situational model.

The claimed method is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an implementation of a method using a single mobile boom warrant.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the use of two mobile boom warrants (the so-called “bearing” system) with preliminary separation of an oil or oil product spill into two spots.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the simultaneous actions to compress and contain the spill and the operation of the oil recovery vessel.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows the sequence of actions for releasing oil residues from a mobile boom warrant into a coastal pocket.

In the figures indicated:

- stain pollution 1;

- direction 2 of the movement of the pollution spot 1;

- craft 3 (boat tugboat, boat booster);

- mobile boom warrant 4;

- oil recovery vessel 5;

- coastal pocket of booms 6;

- shore tanks 7 for collecting and storing collected oil or oil products.

The claimed method of localizing an oil spill is as follows.

For the underwater passage of the main pipeline through a water barrier, a situational model of oil (oil products) spill is being developed, taking into account the nature of the outflow (rupture, leakage), hydrological and meteorological parameters, the velocity gradient along the width of the watercourse during different seasonal periods at the transition of the main pipeline through the water barrier. Oil spill modeling is carried out for various scenarios that determine the combination of conditions for the occurrence, distribution and localization of oil spills (oil products).

Based on the results of modeling an oil spill (oil products), the most probable trajectories of spot 1, its size and speed, the composition of forces and means for localizing and eliminating an oil spill (oil product) are determined. Various options for the development of an emergency are calculated and the boundaries of the localization of the oil spill (oil product) are assigned. The required number of booster boats 3 is determined, including the possibility of separating spot 1 on the capes of the islands until it is detected and placing a mobile order 4 boom barriers, the required number of oil collecting vessels 5, auxiliary vessels, and containers for temporary storage of collected oil 7.

Upon receipt of information on an oil (oil product) spill, watercraft (booster boats) 3 with sets of mobile orders 4 boom barriers, as well as oil recovery vessels 5, are advanced towards the underwater passage of the main pipeline, moving along different channels to detect the head of oil spot 1 (oil product) ) If an oil spill is detected, the crew of the oil recovery vessel 5 proceeds to collect oil and, possibly, coordinate the actions of other oil collectors and booster boats 3 to commence work on the compression and localization of the oil spill (s) 1.

Boating boats 3 perform a maneuver in approaching the spot "head" and forming an order for 4 boom barriers. When spot 1 passes through two arms, two single orders 4 are formed (Fig. 2). The sizes of orders 4 are determined by the apparent size of the spot (the sizes of order 4 are limited by the pulling forces of the boat-booster 3 and the strength characteristics of the tensile booms). With large sizes, it is possible to form orders 4 for operation with the "bearing" system (Fig. 2).

After the mobile order 4 captures the “head” (head part) of spot 1, the boom-stop boats 3 drift in direction 2 at a speed of 0.05-0.35 m / s less than the speed of the spot. Thus, the compression and localization of the spill in the mobile order 4 occurs due to the difference in the drift speeds of spot 1 and order 4. With a speed difference of more than 0.35 m / s, oil (oil product) spills over the booms, and with a speed difference of less than 0, 05 m / s, the time of compression and localization of an oil spill or an oil product unreasonably increases, which is an insurmountable obstacle when working on rivers with a fast flow (in accordance with regulatory documents, the time for liquidation of an oil spill should not exceed four hours).

After the formation of a mobile order 4 (or several orders 4) of booms, to increase the productivity of oil (oil product) collection, the oil-collecting vessel 5 enters mobile order 4 and maneuvers to collect oil (oil product). After the internal vessel is fully loaded, the oil-collecting vessel 5 moves for unloading, for example, to an oil-loading vessel, unloads the collected oil and returns to spot 1. The remaining oil-collecting vessels 5 perform a similar maneuver.

The higher speed of spot 1 in comparison with a mobile order of 4 booms leads to the fact that the entire volume of spot 1 (taking into account the collected oil (oil product) by oil collecting vessels 5 is concentrated inside the mobile order of 4 boom barriers. After the full localization of spot 1 inside the mobile order 4 boom boom boats 3 redirect drift towards the coastal pocket 6 boom boom and maneuver to release the remaining oil from the mobile order 4 into the coastal pocket 6 boom boom D (FIG. 4) followed by pumping in onshore tanks 7.

Thus, the proposed method allows a reasonable time to collect spilled oil or oil product with high (up to 90-100%) efficiency.

Claims (5)

1. A method of collecting oil or oil from the surface of navigable rivers with a fast flow, including installing a boom, compressing and localizing the spill on the surface of the reservoir, collecting and removing oil or oil into a receiving tank, characterized in that for compressing and localizing the spill of oil or oil use at least one mobile boom warrant enveloping the head of one spill spot established by at least two watercraft and drift the mobile horde in the direction of the drift of the spill spot at a speed lower than the drift speed of the spot by 0.05-0.35 m / s. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the collection and removal of oil or oil product is carried out by means of at least one oil-collecting vessel entering the mobile boom warrant. 3. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that after compression and localization of the oil spill or oil product spill, its drift is redirected to the side of the pre-installed shore pocket formed by the holding and shore protection lines of the boom barriers and maneuver to release the remaining oil from the order in the shore pocket. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that prior to the compression and localization of the oil spill or oil product, it is divided into two or more spots of the spill and for each form a mobile warrant of boom barriers. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that situational models of oil or oil products spill in a certain section of the river are preliminarily developed, taking into account the nature of the outflow, hydrological and meteorological parameters, the velocity gradient along the width of the watercourse in different seasonal periods, including the most probable trajectories of the spot the spill, its size and speed of movement, the composition of forces and means for localizing and eliminating the spill of oil or oil products and choose to implement the closest to the real system tation situational model.

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