RU2577527C2 - Magnetoelectric generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: magnetoelectric generator comprises multitude of coils with winding ends placed at the stator frame in circular arc direction so that centres of inner openings in each winding are placed at this circle. Coaxially with centres of inner openings in stator winding placed in circular arc there are permanent magnets placed at the carrier with gaps in between them and inscribed into toroid-shaped cavity formed by the stator coils and directed with their poles along the above circle. The carrier for permanent magnets is made as non-magnetic disc installed at the drive shaft. The coils are made of at least two windings, and each winding is curved as two open rings - the first ring and the second ring, which are the working part of windings. Distance between open rings of each winding is equal to length of the permanent magnet. Open rings are interconnected by longitudinal sections of the windings. Opening in the rings is faced towards direction of the carrier disc centre and it exceeds thickness of the carrier disc for permanent magnets.

EFFECT: simplified design, improved reliability and efficiency of operation.

8 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to low-speed electric generators, and can be used mainly in wind and hydropower plants.

Known designs of magnetoelectric generators containing a flat rotor with permanent magnets and a stator of several coils. Most of the known designs, for example, patent of the Russian Federation No. 2474032, published on 01/27/2013, IPC indices H02K 21/24, H02K 16/04, H02K 1/12 dated March 16, 2011, are equipped with magnetic circuits to reduce the scattering of magnetic fluxes. In the said patent, the rotor of the magnetoelectric generator contains a disk mounted on the shaft, on which an annular row of permanent magnets with alternating polarity is arranged, located equidistantly relative to each other, and the stator contains two parallel plates between which stator windings are placed on U-shaped cores made of electrical steel, fixed to the stator plates. The width B _c from the end face of the U-shaped core is half the width B of the permanent magnet of the rotor, the ends of the U-shaped cores of one plate facing the ends of the U-shaped cores of the other plate and offset relative to them by a distance equal to half the width of the permanent magnet of the rotor, Permanent rotor magnets are placed between the opposite ends of the U-shaped rotor cores.

When the shaft with the disk rotates, the poles of permanent magnets of opposite polarity are alternating to the ends of the U-shaped cores, which leads to magnetization reversal of the cores (magnetic cores) and, accordingly, to a change in the magnetic field inducing EMF in the turns of the windings.

The disadvantages of this generator, as well as all other designs with magnetic cores, include a large pull-out moment, which is caused by the need to break the magnetic circuits formed by permanent magnets with magnetic cores, as well as increased metal consumption.

Known magnetoelectric generator described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2427067, published 08/20/2011, IPC indices ⁷ H02K 21/24, H02K 3/24, H02K 16/02 from 12/25/2009, which is devoid of the disadvantages of the previous analogue. Its rotor is equipped with permanent magnets, and the stator contains two parallel plates, between which ring windings are placed, the rotor made of two parallel disks mounted on the shaft, on each of which ring-shaped rows of permanent magnets located in each row are placed on facing each other equidistant, the polarity of the permanent magnets of each row alternates, with the poles of the permanent magnets of one row facing the opposite poles of the permanent magnets of the other The stator windings are made in the form of isosceles trapezoid, the sides of which are located radially relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the sections of the ring windings in the bases of the trapezoid are curved in an arc, the ring windings are pairwise inserted into each other, while the distance 1 between the sections of the ring windings in the bases of the trapezoid exceeds the width b of the annular row of permanent magnets.

The rotor disks are made of electrical steel and are external magnetic cores of permanent magnets. The magnets of the opposite rotor discs form a magnetic gap of at least twice the thickness of the winding. Magnetoelectric generator operates as follows. When the rotor rotates with the shaft, the magnetic lines of force of the permanent magnets intersect the turns of the ring windings and induce EMF in the windings. Since the sides of the ring windings are located between the poles of the magnets with different polarity, induction of multidirectional EMF in the sides of the windings. Thus, an annular electric current flows in each winding. The authors of the patent believe that the winding conductors uniformly fill the annular gap between the moving magnets, forming a homogeneous medium for the moving magnets, therefore, in this design there are no so-called “sticking” of the rotor, which ultimately ensures a silent and smooth operation of the generator.

The analog generator has a low efficiency, which is due to the closure of part of the working magnetic flux directly through the gap between adjacent magnets on the same disk. The reason for the partial shunting of the working gap is the commensurability in the size of the working gap and the distance - a step between adjacent magnets on one disk.

Known electric generator - prototype - patent of the Russian Federation No. 2153756, IPC indices ⁷ H02K 21/14, H02K 9/08, published July 27, 2000, containing many hollow, arched outer bodies that are located close to each other in the axial direction with the formation of a torus and each of which has a generally circular cross section centered on a substantially circular axis and contains concentric external and internal cylindrical elements curved in an arc and the closest and most remote end plates with holes, thus forming a covered chamber between said cylindrical elements and a central channel through said housing, a plurality of coils arranged in an arc spaced apart from each other in each of said chambers, each coil being wound around said inner cylindrical element and, therefore, around said annular axis of said housing and has conclusions passing through said outer cylindrical element of said outer casing, a cylindrical separation plate of magnetic material, is placed between each two adjacent coils in the chambers and having a central hole concentric with the said annular axis, a hollow annular inner body passing continuously through the said central channels in the said housings, thereby forming a ring along the said annular axis, a plurality of magnets mounted inside the said inner case at a distance from each other, and drive means for moving the inner housing and, consequently, the magnets through the central channels of the said outer bodies mustache to create in this way an electric field in the coils to generate current.

In the generator, said inner casing is made of non-magnetic material.

The magnets are located in the inner case at equal distances from each other.

Adjacent magnets in the inner case are separated by gaskets inserted between them.

The drive means are connected to the inner casing in the gap between the outer casing.

The speed of movement of the inner housing by the drive means through said channel is adjustable.

The terminals of each coil are connected to an external power tap.

The thickness of each coil depends on the distance between adjacent magnets.

Coils are installed with the possibility of cooling with a refrigerant (liquid nitrogen) supplied to the said chamber.

The magnets are arranged so that their poles of the same name face each other.

A part of adjacent magnets is located so that their opposite poles are facing each other, and the remaining adjacent magnets are located so that their opposite poles are facing each other.

The operation of the generator is based on creating current whenever the magnet passes through the coil of the coil. When the north pole of the magnet enters the winding, the current flows in one direction, and when the south pole of the same magnet enters the same winding, the current flows in the opposite direction. The generator uses this principle to create a continuous current flowing as a result of the continuous passage of magnets in the housing, and thus the passage of their magnetic field through the coils in the housing chamber. The circle formed by the magnets, which continuously passes through the centers of the coils, is an infinite supply of magnets that continuously pass through a series of coils and thereby cause a continuous current to flow through them. To achieve maximum effect, the orientation of the magnets in the continuous annular housing is important. This is due to the fact that the position, density and speed of movement and, accordingly, changes in the annular magnetic flux influence the magnitude of the current. If neighboring magnets are far away from each other, so that their magnetic fields do not affect each other, then the current will be small or medium. In this case, there is no distortion of the flow lines and the current value will be limited, since the gap between adjacent magnets is large, so that fewer magnets pass through the coils per unit time. This is true both in the case of the same orientation of the magnets, and in the case when their orientation changes. In other words, if the magnets have the same orientation (i.e., NS / NS / NS or SN / SN / SN), then only the north poles or only the south poles of the magnets first enter each coil, but if the orientation of the magnets changes (alternates, t ie NS / SN / NS / SN ...), then the north and south poles of the magnets will be the first to enter the coils alternately.

The disadvantages of the prototype generator include the complexity of the design and, as a consequence, low reliability and efficiency due to the placement of the inner case with magnets on rotating supports of small diameter with drives that do not provide good mechanical connection, have increased friction resistance, and also reduce the useful torus length with external arcuate cases, since the structure deforms with increasing dimensions, and it is impossible to increase strength, since the working gap between the threads and coils resulting in large energy losses.

Common essential features of the claimed magnetoelectric generator is that the magnetoelectric generator contains many coils with leads of the windings located on the stator housing along a circular arc so that the centers of the internal holes of each winding are located on this circle, aligned with the centers of the internal holes of the stator coils along the circular arc medium with gaps between each other permanent magnets inscribed inside a toroidal cavity formed by stator coils and direction nye poles along the circumference of said movably, and the drive element associated with the magnet carrier.

The goal is to simplify the design, reduce metal consumption, increase reliability and work efficiency, provide the ability to produce large-size magnetoelectric generators.

The essential features are that the magnetoelectric generator contains many coils with leads of the windings located on the stator housing along a circular arc so that the centers of the internal holes of each winding are located on this circle, coaxial with the centers of the internal holes of the stator coils along the circular arc located on the carrier with gaps between are permanent magnets inscribed inside a toroidal cavity formed by stator coils and directed by poles along a specified circle, with the possibility of movement, as well as the drive element associated with the magnet carrier, and the permanent magnet carrier is made in the form of a non-magnetic disk mounted on the drive shaft, the coils are made of at least two windings, each of the windings is curved in the form of two open rings - the first and second, being the working part of the windings, and the distance between the open rings of each winding is equal to the length of the permanent magnet, the open rings are interconnected by longitudinal sections of these windings, in each coil open rings ervogo numbers of subsequent windings coaxially arranged on a circular arc between the open windings of the two preceding rings, the rings and the connector is deployed in the disk rotational direction of the center support for the drive shaft and greater than the thickness of the carrier of the permanent magnets.

The stator housing is made of non-magnetic material.

The open rings of each winding in the coils are connected by a U-shaped curved longitudinal sections, which are fan-spaced with the possibility of mutual intersection.

The coils are made by modules in the form of hollow housings made of thin dielectric material, in which the windings are placed and filled with a non-conductive compound.

Permanent magnets are arranged in harmony with each other at equal distances from each other, eliminating the formation of a sequential closed magnetic circuit, or the magnets on the carrier are fixed in the opposite direction, at a distance that ensures the interaction of magnetic fields between adjacent magnets.

The carrier - a disk of non-magnetic material - is mounted on a shaft mounted in angular contact bearings mounted in the stator housing.

The connector of the winding rings and the connector in the generatrix of the holes in the coils exceeds the thickness of the permanent magnet carrier by a size corresponding to the permissible deviations of the dimensions and deformations of the structure.

The essential distinguishing features, valid in all cases, is that the permanent magnet carrier is made in the form of a non-magnetic disk mounted on the drive shaft, the coils are made of at least two windings, each of the windings is curved in the form of two open rings - the first and second, which are the working part of the windings, and the distance between the open rings of each winding is equal to the length of the permanent magnet, the open rings are interconnected by longitudinal sections of these windings, in each coil is open The dark rings of the first number of subsequent windings are placed coaxially in an arc of a circle between the open two rings of the previous windings, and the ring connector is deployed in the direction of the center of the carrier disk and exceeds the thickness of the permanent magnet carrier disk.

Significant distinguishing features, valid in some cases, is that the stator housing is made of non-magnetic material.

The open rings of each winding in the coils are connected by a U-shaped curved longitudinal sections, which are fan-spaced with the possibility of mutual intersection.

The coils are made by modules in the form of hollow housings made of thin dielectric material, in which the windings are placed and filled with a non-conductive compound.

Permanent magnets are arranged in concert with each other at equal distances from each other, eliminating the formation of a sequential closed magnetic circuit.

The magnets on the carrier are fixed in opposite directions, at a distance that ensures the interaction of magnetic fields between adjacent magnets.

The carrier is mounted on a shaft mounted in angular contact bearings mounted in the stator housing.

The connector of the winding rings and the connector in the generatrix of the holes in the coils exceeds the thickness of the permanent magnet carrier by a size corresponding to the permissible deviations of the dimensions and deformations of the structure.

The fact that the carrier of permanent magnets is made in the form of a non-magnetic disk mounted on the drive shaft, and for the possibility of implementing such a design, the coils are made of at least two windings and each of the windings is curved in the form of two open rings - the first and second, which are the working part of the windings, moreover, the distance between the open rings of each winding is equal to the length of the permanent magnet, the open rings are interconnected by longitudinal sections of these windings, in each coil the open rings of the first number after blowing windings are placed coaxially in an arc of a circle between the open two rings of the previous windings, and the ring connector is deployed in the direction of the center of the carrier disk on the drive shaft and exceeds the thickness of the permanent magnet carrier, the design is simplified by providing a simple reliable non-radial runout and axial displacement of the permanent magnet carrier , as a result, there is no need for cores of electrical steel inside the coils, while ensuring the necessary magnetic field acting on the windings of coils, which are placed with a minimum working gap relative to continuous operation, are increased, since the absence of cores in the stator coils ensured the absence of braking forces in the absence of consumers connected to the generator and makes it possible to accelerate the generator with a smooth increase in load. It is also possible to manufacture magnetoelectric generators of large sizes, since both on rolling bearings and on sliding bearings with the provision of rotor rotation, a rotor of any desired size can be made on them.

In FIG. 1 shows the inventive magnetoelectric generator in section;

In FIG. 2 shows a section AA, a magnetoelectric generator in the axial direction without a cover;

In FIG. 3 shows the appearance of one stator coil;

In FIG. 4 shows a side view of the stator coil windings;

In FIG. 5 shows a view of the coil windings in the direction of the axis of the circle;

In FIG. 6 is a perspective view of one winding;

In FIG. Figure 7 shows the distribution of magnetic lines of force and the direction of the current as the magnet passes through open winding rings.

The magnetoelectric generator (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) contains stator coils 1, which are mounted on the non-magnetic base of the housing 2, so that the centers of the internal holes of each winding are located on this circle, aligned with the centers of the internal holes of the stator coils in a circular arc on the carrier , non-magnetic disk 4 of the rotor, consistent with each other at equal distances from each other, permanent magnets 3, in the described specific case, cylindrical, inscribed inside a toroidal cavity formed by stator coils 1 mi.

The disk 4 is fixedly connected to the shaft 5, which is fixed with angular contact bearings 6 and stuffing boxes 7 on the base of the stator housing 2 and in the cover 8.

Permanent magnets can have not only a circular cross section, it is also possible to make magnets of a toroidal shape, cut into identical parts in the transverse radial direction, which is advantageous if it is necessary to use magnets long with respect to the circumference.

The stator coils 1 are filled with an electrical insulating compound and have leads 9 and 10 (the shape of the coil housing is clearly visible in FIG. 3) corresponding to the beginnings and ends of the windings 11, 12, 13, 14 (FIG. 4 and FIG. 5), which are part of of these coils 1 and holes 15 for passage of magnets 3. In coils 1, the hole is not continuous and has a gap along the generatrix towards the center of the disk 4, the connector of the winding rings and the connector in the generatrix of the holes 15 of the coils exceed the thickness of the carrier of permanent magnets of the disk 4 of non-magnetic material by a size tolerance dimensions in the manufacture and deformation of the structure in operation. This size in FIG. 3 is denoted by the letter h, and thus obtained a design in which the working part - the winding rings - has an arc of more than 300 °.

In FIG. 4 shows the windings of coil 1 without compound. Four windings 11, 12, 13, 14, formed by turns of wires, each of the windings is curved in the form of two open rings - the first and second, which are the working part of the windings, and the distance between the open rings of each winding is equal to the length of the permanent magnet 3, open rings are connected between the longitudinal sections of these windings, and with a large number of windings in the coils, it is optimal that the longitudinal sections are made U-shaped and fan-shaped with the possibility of eliminating mutual intersection. Also, in each coil, the open rings of the first number of subsequent windings are placed coaxially in an arc of a circle between the open two rings of the previous windings.

In FIG. 5 shows the extreme part of the winding 11 (the first open ring) and the projection of the longitudinal sections 16 and 17 of this winding, as well as the projection of the longitudinal sections 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 of the remaining three windings 12, 13 and 14. In principle, the shape of the windings is presented in FIG. 6, applies to all windings 11, 12, 13, 14; it has the form of open rings 24 — the first number and 25 — the second number, which are connected by U-shaped curved longitudinal sections from parts 26 and 27. The length k values of the perpendicular parts 26 can be from 0 mm - for winding 11 up to three (and not less) diameters of the cross section of the windings - for winding 14, i.e. the range from k = 0 to k≥3d, where d is the diameter of the cross section of the windings. When laying to bend around one of the windings with other sections 26 and 27 can bend to the size of the diameter of the cross section of the winding. In FIG. 4 it is clearly seen how the open rings of the first number of windings 12, 13 and 14 are placed coaxially in an arc of a circle between the open two rings of the winding 11 and the previous windings.

Conclusions 9 and 10 of the windings by interconnecting according to various schemes, provide the necessary modes: low-voltage high-current (parallel connection with diodes - according to the number of windings); high-voltage low-current (series connection with rectification); multiphase - by the number of permanent magnets, high current (parallel connection without rectification). But the scheme is not shown, as it is clear to specialists and is not the subject of this invention.

Also, if it is necessary to reduce the dimensions and increase the specific power of the generator, the magnets 3 on the carrier 4 are fixed in the opposite direction, at a distance that ensures the interaction of magnetic fields between adjacent magnets, in this case the magnetic field in the coil area is amplified.

The coils 1 are made by modules in the form of identical hollow housings 29 (see FIG. 2) made of thin dielectric material in which the windings are placed and filled with a non-conductive compound, the structure is clearly visible in FIG. 3.

The generator operates as follows.

The rotor shaft 5 is driven by external force (wind or hydraulic flow) and a non-magnetic disk 4 with permanent magnets 3 rotates with it. As shown in Fig. 7, magnetic lines of force 28 cross the conductors of two open winding rings - the first 24 and second 25, which are the working part of the windings, and the distance between the open rings of each winding is equal to the length of the permanent magnet 3 and induce electromotive forces that are coordinated in direction and equal in magnitude. An electric current directed from the viewer is indicated by the (+) sign and to the viewer - (•). Obviously, if the distance between the parts 24 and 25 of the windings 1 and the length of the magnet 3 is equal, the current balance in the parts of the windings 24 and 25 and the full use of the magnetic field energy of the moving magnet 3 will be ensured.

Claims (8)

1. A magnetoelectric generator comprising a plurality of coils with leads of windings located on the stator housing along a circular arc so that the centers of the inner holes of each winding are located on this circle, aligned with the centers of the internal holes of the stator windings along the circular arc with permanent magnets inscribed inside a toroidal cavity formed by stator coils with windings and directed by poles along a specified circle, with the possibility of movement, as well as ment actuator associated with the magnet carrier, wherein
that the carrier of permanent magnets is made in the form of a non-magnetic disk mounted on the drive shaft, the coils are made of at least two windings, each of the windings is curved in the form of two open rings - the first and second, which are the working part of the windings, and the distance between the open rings of each winding is equal to the length of the permanent magnet, open rings are interconnected by longitudinal sections of these windings, in each coil the open rings of the first number of subsequent windings are placed coaxially along an arc of a circle between y open ring previous windings, and the connector ring is deployed in the carrier disk center direction and exceeds the thickness of the disk carrier of the permanent magnets. 2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator housing is made of non-magnetic material. 3. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the open rings of each winding in the coils are connected by U-shaped curved longitudinal sections that are fan-separated with the possibility of eliminating mutual intersection. 4. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the coils are made by modules in the form of hollow bodies of thin dielectric material, in which the windings are placed and filled with a non-conductive compound. 5. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnets are arranged in concert with each other at equal distances from each other, eliminating the formation of a sequential closed magnetic circuit. 6. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnets on the carrier are fixed with the same poles in the opposite direction, at a distance that ensures the interaction of magnetic fields between adjacent magnets. 7. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnet carrier is mounted on a shaft mounted in angular contact bearings mounted in the stator housing. 8. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the connector of the rings of the windings and the connector in the generatrix of the holes in the coils exceeds the thickness of the permanent magnet carrier by a size corresponding to the permissible deviations of the dimensions and working deformations of the structure.

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