RU2576739C2 - Solar module with concentrator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: solar module with a concentrator, having a working surface on which solar radiation is incident and a radiation detector, according to the invention the working surface is fitted with an optical deflecting system consisting of main mirror reflectors in the form of louvres made of flat mirror facets; the output of the optical deflecting system is fitted with additional mirror reflectors; the beam entrance β₀ and exit β₁ angles for the main mirror reflectors, the beam entrance angles β₀ and β₂ for additional mirror reflectors, the inclination angles φ₀ and φ₁ of the main and additional mirror reflectors are linked by relationships. In another version, the solar module comprises two deflecting systems and two prism concentrators with a common double-sided receiver; the angle between the main mirror reflectors of the two different optical deflecting systems is equal to 2(φ₀-β₀), and the angle between the working surfaces of the prism concentrators is equal to 180°-2β₀.

EFFECT: high specific power of the receiver.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to solar engineering, in particular to solar modules with solar radiation concentrators for generating electricity and heat.

A solar module with a concentrator based on parabolic cylindrical foklins mounted on both sides along the edges of photoconverters is known (Solar Tobay, Yuly / August 1997, p.31).

A disadvantage of the known module is the low concentration ratio of 2-2.5. Another disadvantage is the high height of the module with a hub, 4-6 times the size of a flat module without a hub.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a solar module containing an energy concentrator having a working surface on which solar radiation is incident, miniature mirror screens are installed on the working surface of the prism, made in the form of blinds made of flat mirror faces, the connected photo converters are made with a two-sided working surface, the concentrator - in the form of two symmetrically located prisms having a common photoconverter, and on the working surface miniature mirror screens are installed in the area of one or both prisms (RF Patent No. 2133415. Solar photovoltaic module (options). / Bezrukikh P.P., Strebkov D.S., Tveryanovich E.V., Irodionov A.E. // BI. 1999. No. 20).

The disadvantages of all known types of photovoltaic modules is the low specific power of the photoconverter.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a solar module with a concentrator having dimensions in cross section commensurate with the dimensions of a flat module and having an increased specific power of the receiver.

As a result of using the proposed solar module, the specific power of the receiver increases.

The above technical result is achieved in that in a solar module with a concentrator having a working surface on which solar radiation is incident, a concentrator and a radiation receiver, a deflecting optical system of main mirror reflectors made in the form of blinds made of flat mirror faces is installed on the working surface the output of the optical system has additional mirror reflectors, input angles β ₀ , output rays β ₁ for the main mirror reflectors, input angles β ₀ and β ₂ to complement integral mirror reflectors, the angles φ ₀ and φ _{1 of the} slope of the main and additional mirror reflectors are related by the relations

where φ ₀ and φ ₁ are the angles of inclination of the main and additional mirror reflectors, counted from the vertical to the working surface counterclockwise,

β ₀ , β ₁ and β ₂ are the angles of entry and exit of the rays, measured from the vertical to the working surface counterclockwise, the distance a between the main mirror reflectors on the working surface and the width of the main mirror reflectors satisfies the relation a = d · sin φ ₀ , when which for any angles φ _{0 the} lower edge of the main mirror reflector and the upper edge of the next main mirror reflector are in the same vertical plane, and the width of the additional mirror reflectors d ₁ satisfies the relation

where d is the width of the main mirror reflectors, and the hub is made in the form of a prism of total internal reflection with an acute angle ψ at the apex, which is associated with the beam exit angle β ₁ and the refractive index of the prism material by the following relation:

In another embodiment of a solar module with a concentrator, the module contains two deflecting beams opposite optical systems and two prism concentrators with a common two-sided receiver, the angle between the main mirror reflectors of two different deflecting optical systems is 2 (φ ₀ -β ₀ ), and the angle between the working surfaces of the prism concentrators is 180 ° -2β ₀ .

A solar module with a hub is illustrated in FIG. 1-4.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a deflecting optical system of a solar module with a concentrator (two-dimensional image).

In FIG. 2 shows the transmission of rays in a deflecting optical system of a solar module with a concentrator.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the path of rays in a solar module with a concentrator with one deflecting optical system, consisting of miniature mirror screens in the form of blinds made of parallel flat facets and a concentrator in the form of a prism of total internal reflection, cross section.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows a solar module with a concentrator, consisting of two deflecting beams of oncoming optical systems with miniature mirror screens and two prism concentrators with a common receiver.

The solar module with the concentrator in FIG. 1 contains a work surface 1 on which radiation 2 is incident, a mirror deflecting periodic optical system 3 of height h, width l and length L, having an entrance 4 and an output ray 5 surface, consisting of main mirror reflectors 6 installed at an angle φ ₀ , and additional mirror reflectors 7 installed at the exit of the optical system at an angle β ₁ . The main mirror reflectors 6 are installed from each other at a distance a at an angle φ ₀ to the vertical plane.

Обозначим через β₀ и β₁ угол входа луча и выхода лучей от основных зеркальных отражателей в оптической системе. Углы β₀ и β₁ отсчитываются от вертикальной плоскости. Угол β₁ выбирается из условия максимального отклонения отраженного луча на выходе из системы на расстоянии OF=2а-δ от линии OA входа луча, где δ - бесконечно малая величина, обеспечивающая полную оптическую прозрачность оптической системы.The number of primary 6 and additional mirror reflectors 7 in the deflecting periodic system

Denote by β ₀ and β _{1 the} angle of entry of the beam and exit of the rays from the main mirror reflectors in the optical system. Angles β ₀ and β _{1 are} counted from the vertical plane. The angle β ₁ is selected from the condition of the maximum deviation of the reflected beam at the system exit at a distance OF = 2 a -δ from the line OA of the beam entrance, where δ is an infinitesimal value that ensures complete optical transparency of the optical system.

Taking h = 1, we obtain

For rays normal to the surface of the optical system,

β ₀ = 0 and β ₁ = 2φ ₀ .

Then it follows from (1) that

Equality (2) is possible only when φ ₀ → 0.

To angle the main mirror reflectors 1 ₀ φ> 0 and β ray entry angle _0> 0 the equation β = 2φ _{1 0 0} -β.

Substituting β ₁ from (1), we obtain

The output of the optical system has additional mirror reflectors 7 at an angle β ₁ .

In FIG. 2 shows the transmission Δ from the main mirror reflectors for rays β ₀ . Define the width d ₁ additional mirror reflectors 2 from the condition of re-reflection of all rays from the transmission Δ.

From ΔBDN

Δ = dtgβ ₀ cosφ ₀ .

From ΔDNK

From (4) we obtain the relation for the width of additional mirror reflectors d ₁

The angle of exit of rays β ₂ from additional mirror reflectors 7 for input rays β ₀ is equal to

When calculating the mirror deflecting periodic system 3 in FIG. 1, 2, it is assumed that the points B and D are on the same vertical to the surface for all the main mirror reflectors 6 at any angle φ _0. This means that with increasing φ ₀ and a constant width d of the mirror reflector 6, the distance a between the mirror reflectors increases.

Extra mirror reflectors 7 allows deflect through an angle β ₂ β ₀ those rays, for which the yoke of the main mirror reflectors was transparent, and to provide 100% of all multipath rays β ₀ arriving at the working surface of the solar concentrator module.

In FIG. 3, a prism concentrator 8, on the side face 9 of which a receiver 10 is mounted, has a rear mirror surface 11 and a working surface 12 to which radiation from a deflecting optical system is supplied.

In FIG. 3 shows the beam path in a solar module with a prism concentrator 8.

The angle between the incoming beam and the vertical to the working surface of the prism concentrator 8

β ₁ = arctan (2 tan φ ₀ ) = 2φ ₀ -β ₀ .

Prism entry angle

where n is the refractive index of the prism material.

The angle β ₄ between the vertical to the surface 11 in the prism concentrator 8 and the reflected beam

β ₄ = β ₃ + ψ.

The angle β ₅ between the vertical to the working surface 12 of the prism concentrator 8 and the reflected beam

β ₅ = β ₄ + ψ≥α,

where α is the angle of total internal reflection,

ψ is the acute angle of the prism concentrator 8.

For glass n = 1.5, the angle of total internal reflection

In the embodiment of the solar module with the concentrator in FIG. 4, two prism concentrators 13 and 14 have a common two-sided receiver 15, a midsection plane 16, on which there are two deflecting beams counter-optical systems 17 and 18, the angle between the working surfaces 19 and 20 of the prism concentrators 13 and 14 is 180 ° -2β ₀ , and angle between the main mirror reflectors 21 and 22 is 2 (φ ₀ -β ₀₎ · prismatic concentrators 13, 14 are set so that their fluxes reflected radiation directed towards each other and act on a common two-sided radiation detector 15 mounted on the servo GCO SG tracking device 23 along two axes.

Concentration coefficient for the left branch of the solar module with a prism concentrator 13

k _l = ctgψ.

Concentration coefficient for a solar module with two prism concentrators 13 and 14 and with a two-sided receiver 15 (Fig. 4)

k = 2ctgψ.

An example of a solar module with a concentrator (Fig. 4).

The solar module consists of two prism concentrators 13 and 14.

For φ ₀ = 22.5 °, β ₀ = 5.4 °, β ₁ = 39.6 °, β ₂ = 73.7 °, β ₃ = 24.9 °, ψ = 8.445 °.

Concentration coefficient k = 2ctgψ = 13.47.

Cosine loss:

P = 1-cosβ ₀ = 1-cos 5.4 ° = 0.0044, i.e. 0.44%.

A solar module with a hub works as follows. Solar radiation enters the specular reflector 6 at an angle of entry β ₀ , enters the working surface of the prism 8, and after reflection from the mirror surface 11 and total internal reflection from the working surface 12 enters the receiver 10. The module is implemented as a composite concentrator of one or two prism concentrators with miniature mirror reflectors allows to increase the concentration of solar radiation and the specific power of a solar module with a concentrator compared to a solar module with a prismatic center and reduce the thickness of the module compared to the solar module with a concentrator based on foklin and prisms.

Claims (2)

1. A solar module with a concentrator having a working surface on which solar radiation is incident, a concentrator and a radiation receiver, a deflecting optical system of main mirror reflectors made in the form of blinds made of flat mirror facets is installed on the working surface, characterized in that the optical output the system installed additional mirror reflectors, the angles of entry β ₀ , the output of rays β ₁ for the main mirror reflectors, the angles of entry of the rays β ₀ and β ₂ for the additional mirror reflectors, angles φ ₀ and φ _{1 the} inclination of the main and additional mirror reflectors are related by the relations

where φ ₀ and φ ₁ are the angles of inclination of the main and additional mirror reflectors, counted from the vertical to the working surface counterclockwise,
β ₀ , β ₁ and β ₂ are the angles of entry and exit of the rays, measured from the vertical to the working surface counterclockwise, the distance a between the main mirror reflectors on the working surface and the width of the main mirror reflectors satisfies the relation a = d · sinφ ₀ , at which for any angles φ _{0, the} lower face of the main mirror reflector and the upper face of the next main mirror reflector are in the same vertical plane, and the width of the additional mirror reflectors d ₁ satisfies the relation

where d is the width of the main mirror reflectors, and the hub is made in the form of a prism of total internal reflection with an acute angle ψ at the apex, which is associated with the beam exit angle β ₁ and the refractive index of the prism material by the following relation:

2. A solar module with a concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two deflecting systems and two prism concentrators with a common two-sided receiver, the angle between the main mirror reflectors of two different deflecting optical systems is 2 (φ ₀ -β ₀ ), and the angle between the working surfaces of prism concentrators is 180 ° -2β ₀ .

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