RU2576295C1 - Desalinator or distiller designed by staroverov - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to desalinators and distillers of evaporative type. Device includes evaporation and condensate chambers, between which there is compressor directed toward condensate chamber. Evaporation chamber is located at the top, and condensate Chamber-at the bottom. Condensate chamber represents a tube or several horizontal tubes. Gas turbine engine is recommended as engine for compressor.

EFFECT: technical result is upgraded efficiency of the apparatus, id est, reduced power consumption per unit of pure fresh water.

7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to desalination plants and evaporator-type distillers (hereinafter “apparatus”).

Similar devices are known, see Internet, Wikipedia. Their disadvantage is a large energy consumption for overcoming the latent heat of vaporization, which cannot be returned to the process. This energy partially returns to the process only in step devices, but they are more complicated and more expensive than usual. The fact that when trying to organize heat transfer, even countercurrent, we are faced with the fact that the steam quickly heats the incoming water (hereinafter referred to as “salt”) to its temperature and further cooling of the steam will stop returning the energy spent on evaporating water or another liquid, the heat of evaporation of the same amount of water is much greater than its heat capacity in the temperature range of 10-100 ° C, and the condensate temperature does not exceed the boiling point at the same pressure.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the apparatus, that is, to reduce energy consumption per unit of pure fresh water (hereinafter referred to as “condensate”).

For this, the apparatus contains two chambers - an evaporation chamber and a condensate chamber, between which there is a compressor directed towards the condensate chamber.

It is optimal to use several stages as a compressor from a decommissioned axial or centrifugal compressor of an aircraft jet engine - they cost almost nothing, and they will work for many years at reduced speeds of about 2700-2800 r / s. Care should only be taken to ensure that water does not enter the oil and the oil into the water.

As the compressor engine, you can use an electric motor, an internal combustion engine, and best of all, a gas turbine engine. Its exhaust gases have a sufficiently high temperature and can be used in the final section of salt water heating. As such an engine, gas turbine engines of helicopters and tanks that have worked out their life can be used. Moreover, the engine should be mounted on a swivel bracket, on which two or more engines are fixed in the working position, in this case, replacing the engine will take only a few minutes. To do this, it is enough to disconnect the quick coupler, turn the bracket until the axis of the other engine coincides with the compressor axis and connect the quick coupler.

Since under gravity conditions water collects in the lower part of the tanks, the evaporation chamber is located at the top and the condensate chamber is at the bottom.

Since the pressure in the condensate chamber will be greater than the pressure in the evaporation chamber, it is desirable that the condensate chamber be a pipe or several horizontal pipes.

The best material for the device is copper, but it is possible to use food grade stainless steel or titanium.

All surfaces designed for heat recovery have fins.

The process can be conducted at atmospheric or other pressure.

For starting heating in the evaporation chamber must be electric or other water heaters.

The drawing shows this unit. It consists of two chambers: an evaporation chamber at the top 1 and a condensate chamber 2 at the bottom. The counterflow heat exchanger 3 is shown on the left, in which hot condensate transfers heat to the cold incoming salt water. The cameras have a pronounced longitudinality, that is, they are much longer in length than in width. And at the junction of the chambers there is a compressor 4, which injects saturated steam into the condensate chamber 2. The compressor is rotated by an electric or gas turbine engine 5. In the latter case, its exhaust gases are sent to the heat exchanger 6 at the end of the chamber 1 (on the right in the drawing).

The apparatus works as follows: salt water is first heated in a heat exchanger 3 to a temperature of 90-95 ° C (if the process is carried out at atmospheric pressure) and fed into chamber 1. Flowing along its bottom from left to right (in the drawing), the water is heated and evaporates with the heat generated during steam condensation in the chamber 2. At the beginning of operation, the water is heated and evaporated by the starting water heaters.

At the final stage of evaporation, the water is heated in the heat exchanger 6 by the heat of the exhaust gases of the gas turbine engine 5.

The saturated steam generated in chamber 1 with parameters, for example, 100 ° C and atmospheric pressure, is adiabatically compressed by compressor 4, for example, up to 2 atmospheres and under pressure is supplied to chamber 2. Since the pressure in it is greater, the gas-liquid equilibrium point »Shifts toward higher temperatures (namely, 120 ° C), and the steam begins to condense on the ceiling of chamber 2, which is the bottom of chamber 1. The latent heat of vaporization is released by heating chamber 1 to the temperature of water evaporation (approximately 105 ° C).

For better heat transfer, in addition to fins, spraying the ceiling of chamber 2 with hot condensate can be used.

The heat balance of the apparatus is understandable: the heat of evaporation is compensated by the heat of condensation, the hot condensate almost completely gives off heat to salt water, and heat losses are compensated by engine power 5, about 90% of which is converted into heat in the compressor, and the heat transfer from the exhaust gases of a gas turbine engine. Thus, the apparatus operates without external heat sources. And very economical.

However, a very good thermal insulation should be used - a special finely porous foam or even a vacuum jacket. Or both.

It should be noted that the area of the chamber 1 must in a certain way correspond to the performance of the compressor.

The apparatus can operate in continuous mode, as shown in the drawing, continuously merging the brine formed on the right side of the chamber 1. By the way, the brine on the Black Sea coast of Crimea can be used to fill the pools, which at the same time will be similar in their therapeutic and entertaining qualities to the waters of the Dead Sea, you can sell it as an addition to table salt to enrich it with microelements when cooking and can even be taken out to plastic bottles to other areas of the country. Or it can be used for technical purposes, extracting chlorine and alkali from it. The advantage of this work is that the bottom of the chamber 1 is always clean, the heat transfer through it is maximum, and the apparatus does not need to be periodically stopped and cleaned. Heat recovery brine can also be passed through a heat exchanger.

Or, the apparatus can operate in a cyclic mode, periodically accumulating a salt deposit at the bottom of chamber 1 and periodically stopping work to clean the bottom of the salt layer. This method is less technological, but it has other advantages - it turns out hard salt, which is easy to transport and which is easy to mix with table salt. This method has another unexpected plus - during the crystallization of salt, heat is generated in the amount of about 130 J / g, which is also involved in the work.

Claims (7)

1. Apparatus for desalination, containing an evaporation chamber and a condensate chamber, characterized in that between them is a compressor directed towards the condensate chamber. 2. The apparatus for desalination of water according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporation chamber is located at the top and the condensate chamber is at the bottom. 3. The apparatus for desalination of water according to claim 1, characterized in that the condensate chamber is a pipe or several horizontally arranged pipes. 4. The apparatus for desalination of water according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus is made of copper. 5. The apparatus for desalination of water according to claim 1, characterized in that all surfaces intended for regenerative heat transfer have fins. 6. The apparatus for desalination of water according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor motor is mounted on a swivel bracket, on which two or more engines are mounted in the working position. 7. Apparatus for desalination according to claim 1, characterized in that for starting heating in the evaporation chamber there are electric or other water heaters.

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