RU2566519C2 - Facing panel for facades and interiors of buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to designs of facing panels, sheet and rolled materials from metals and bimetallic structures with relief surface. The external layer of the facing panel is made of corrosion-resistant material and has on external surface a relief the hollows of which are filled with the substance containing binder and particles with the absolute scale hardness 50…1600 units.

EFFECT: creation of the facing panel in anti-vandal implementation at simultaneous reduction of possibility of pollution of the facing panel surface and increase of period of conservation of consumer characteristics: corrosion resistance, scratching resistance, obscurity of fatty deposits.

11 cl, 7 ex

Description

The invention relates to structures of cladding panels, sheet and rolled materials from metals and bimetallic structures with a relief surface.

The developed facing panel can be used in the manufacture of facades and interiors of buildings and structures, including for the manufacture of wall and floor coverings and ceilings, for the manufacture of housings for household appliances (refrigerators, stoves, boiler equipment, cabinets, etc.), for the manufacture of metal furniture , for the manufacture of technological equipment for trade (cash registers, racks, refrigerated cabinets, display cases, counters, etc.), for the manufacture of elevators, escalators and travelators, for the manufacture of cor whiskers screens and process equipment, soundproofing screens, as roll materials for subsequent labels on various surfaces, including building materials, on the outside and inside walls of train cars and vehicles, the walls of buildings, on the surface of various equipment.

Finishing panels can be produced in the form of a roll with a width of 100 to 2000 mm, in the form of strips with a width of 100x1500 mm, in the form of sheet materials of measured length with a width of 500 to 2000 mm and a length of 2000 to 10000 mm.

Finishing panels can be produced in conjunction with various substrates and glued to various substrates.

The facing panel can be used for the manufacture of bimetallic products, where the thickness of the upper layer is from 0.05 to 2 mm, the thickness of the lower layer is from 0.3 to 5 mm.

In the future, when characterizing the developed technical solution, the term “substance” will be used. In the framework of this technical solution, the indicated term "substance" means a mixture of a binder and particles of solid substances, the binder may be liquid or solid, capable of filling the depressions of the relief of the pattern on the surface of the product.

Known decorative panel (RU, certificate for utility model 2786), containing a metal base and a decorative element in the form of a screen printed pattern, while between the metal base and the decorative element there is a layer of tin made, for example, in the form of an anodized coating deposited on a metal coating, and the area occupied by the decorative coating is less than 50% of the base area.

Also known is a functional - decorative wall panel (RU, patent 54338), containing a flat base fixed to the wall made of a metal sheet connected by fasteners with functional and decorative elements placed on the outer surface of the wall panel, located on the outside of the wall panel is decorative a layer associated with the base and an elastic substrate located on the inside of the panel, the decorative layer is made of sheet polymer material, the elastic substrate ka is made of flexible sheet material, holes are made in the decorative layer and at the base, arranged at regular intervals along the vertical and horizontal axes, fasteners for functional elements are made with a retaining head located on the inner side of the wall panel, and the holes are made along the profile providing a free insertion of the head of the fastener from the front side of the wall panel and holding the fastener by the specified head from the inside of the wall Neli, wherein the wall panel is divided into sections, tightly abutting the ends together during assembly of the wall panel.

The disadvantage of both panels is their structural complexity, due to the fact that they are not single-layer.

Known (DE, patent 2903359) is a metal cladding panel made of a rectangular metal sheet with edges bent around its perimeter, located at an acute angle to its front surface with a decorative relief, while the decorative relief is formed by rectilinear and / or curved elongated protrusions ( beads) formed by the method of machining sheet material by pressure and located symmetrically relative to the intersection point of the diagonals of the front surface, and the height is elongated The protrusions are greater than the thickness of the metal sheet.

The disadvantage of the metal cladding panel described above is that it has low operating parameters. Indeed, the use of methods of machining sheet material by pressure to create a decorative relief on the front surface of the panel with the height of elongated protrusions greater than the thickness of the metal sheet imposes stringent restrictions on the thickness of the metal sheet and the mechanical properties of the material from which it is made. For the manufacture of the known metal cladding panel, metal sheets having high operational parameters of a thickness of more than 0.8 mm from high-strength alloy steels having high corrosion resistance and mechanical strength cannot be used.

Known (DE, patent 3929761) is also a metal cladding panel, taken as a prototype and containing a rectangular base made of aluminum, on the front surface of which there are protrusions of granules of natural stone glued to the base.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are the low life of the metal cladding panel, as well as low performance, since the known technical solution does not provide high durability of the metal cladding panel.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed technical solution can be recognized (RU, patent 66383) a metal facing panel containing a metal base with decorative elements on its front surface made of stainless steel, and decorative elements in the form of recesses on its front surface, which flush or to a level located no more than 0.14 mm from the plane of the front surface, filled with a method of manufacturing powder coatings with paint of the corresponding color.

The known technical solution has a limited scope, due to the simplified technology in its manufacture (powder coating with paint, filling the recesses flush or to a level located no more than 0.14 mm from the plane of the front surface), which does not allow to achieve high quality and create patterns on a product with a wide range of product indicators and provide it with high consumer characteristics, including anti-vandal performance.

The technical problem solved by the implementation of the developed design is to create a new type of facing panels.

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the developed design consists in creating a cladding panel in an anti-vandal design while reducing the possibility of contamination of the surface of the cladding panel and increasing the duration of preservation of consumer characteristics.

To achieve the specified technical result, it is proposed to use a facing panel for facades and interiors of buildings, and its outer layer is made of corrosion-resistant material and contains a relief on the outer surface, the depressions of which are filled with a substance containing a binder and particles with hardness on an absolute scale from 50 to 1600 units.

The specified implementation of the outer layer of the panel ensures the invariance of its consumer characteristics (corrosion resistance, resistance to scratching, imperceptibility of traces of fat deposits, including fingerprints) for at least 50 years.

The outer layer may be made of stainless steel, titanium or an aluminum alloy, as well as any other metal or alloy, ensuring the achievement of these consumer characteristics.

In some embodiments, the panel is made of at least two layers, the outer layer is made of stainless steel, titanium, aluminum alloy, and the inner layer is made of at least one material selected from the group: carbon steel, fiberglass, carbon fiber , paper-laminated plastic, foam aluminum, honeycomb construction, fiber-reinforced concrete, a plate made with the use of plant fibers, a plate made with the use of synthetic fibers, polystyrene foam, plastic, ceramic tiles, porcelain tiles, mineral wool, glass wool, foam glass, composite material. The presence of these layers does not exclude the possibility of using at least one third layer. At least one adhesive layer can be used as the third layer, which serves to bond the two said layers and / or to attach the panel to the supporting wall. The latter option is most likely when using the developed cladding panel as a cladding material for building structures.

Preferably, the depth of the relief is from 0.01 to 1.8 mm. The use of relief elements with a shallower depth is not advisable, since such a small amount of hardened substance does not prevent scratching, and the use of relief elements with a greater depth leads, firstly, to possible mechanical damage to the outer layer of the panel, and, secondly, to irrational consumption substances that do not have a positive effect on the achievement of the specified technical result.

As a part of a substance, both particles of one material and a mixture of particles of various materials can be used. Using a mixture of particles of various materials can slightly reduce the cost of the product without compromising its consumer characteristics.

Particularly, but not exclusively, particles of various materials can be used, at least one of which is selected from the group consisting of metal, stainless steel, ferrochrome, ferronickel, corundum, electrocorundum, quartz, glass, orthoclase, gypsum, mica, calcite, fluorite, tungsten carbide, molybdenum carbide, boron carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, carbon nitride, boron-carbon-silicon, diamond, cuproslag, nickel slag, rare earth metal oxide, iron oxide, silicon dioxide alumina oxide oia, magnesium oxide, granite, ceramics, cermets, carbides based on cobalt, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, and / or alloys of borides and carbides of the titanium subgroup with carbides and borides of lanthanides, fibers.

To maintain the technological characteristics of the substance, it is desirable that the content of particles in the substance is not more than 92% of the mass.

Advantageously, the substance contains a binder selected from the group consisting of fluoropolymer, rubber, melamine, polyurethane, thermosetting polymers, epoxy resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin, alkyd resin, ethyl silicate resin, epoxy ester resin, polyvinyl chloride oluminolumin resin resin, polyvinyl chloride oluminolumin resin resin , formaldehyde resin, silicone resin, hydrocarbon resin, silicone resin, as well as solders. The specified list does not limit the use of other materials that ensure the achievement of the specified technical result.

In the case of using the manufactured panels outdoors, it is desirable to use a binder that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation. This extends the life of the consumer characteristics of the facing panel.

So, in particular, such fluoropolymers as TEFLON 7, FLUON, ALGOFLON F, POLYFLON M 12.14, TEFLON 8, HOSTAFLON TF 1640, POLYFLON M30, FLUON G 307, TEFLON can be used as a similar UV-resistant binder. FEP, NEOFLON FEP, TEFLON 6, FLUON CD, POLYFLON F 103, 104, TEFZEL, HOSTAFLON ET, NEOFLON ETFE, KYNAR, SOLEF, NEOFLON VDF, KEL-F, VOLTALEF, NEOFLON CTEF, TEFLON HONO, FLUFON 30 TFU POLYFLON D.

Depending on the purpose of the panel, the material of the particles used, the depth and size of the depressions of the relief, particles from 0.003 to 2 mm in size can be used.

To give the substance and the finished facing panel decorative properties, a coloring substance in the form of dyes, pigments can be additionally introduced into the binder.

In the manufacture of cladding panels, a technology variant can be used according to which solder particles are mixed with particles of solid materials (such as diamond particles), followed by sintering of the mixture. The resulting substance is heated and filled with the relief of the product. It is also possible that the mixture containing solder particles is mixed with particles of, for example, diamond, filled into the depressions of the relief and sintered.

The choice of particles with high hardness is due to the presence of high mechanical stresses during the operation of cladding panels, accompanied by wear. These high mechanical stresses can occur during vandalism, as well as when using the product in places with high wear and tear - in trains, at airports, in stores to protect the surface from passenger bags, passenger items and passengers themselves. Since the usual binder is a polymer with low characteristics of hardness and wear, it is necessary to introduce a solid filler into the polymer binder, which perceives the load. The larger the particle size of the filler, the harder the composite material containing these particles, and also the higher the antifriction index of the hardened substance. It was experimentally established that the use of particles with a hardness of less than 50 on an absolute scale does not ensure the achievement of a technical result.

Two ideal cases of protecting the product from mechanical damage are known - the first case characterizes the option when particles of various sizes occupy the maximum volume (up to 92% in the hardened substance), and the second case characterizes the option when the particle size itself is maximum with respect to the geometric dimensions of the microrelief cavity.

Typically, cracks in composite materials pass along the interface of the media — in a material that has the least crack resistance. In this case, it is a polymer binder. It should be borne in mind that if diamond particles with a hardness of 1600 units on an absolute scale are introduced into the polymer as a filler, then it is the diamond particles that will work against wear and absorb loads. The more diamond particles in a substance, the larger its particles (in comparison with a container - a relief depression), the higher the antifriction characteristics of the material, since diamond itself is almost an ideal abrasive - a cutting tool. In addition, in such a hardened substance there are fewer opportunities for cracks to appear in the polymer binder, since it is not enough in this case: the substance contains mainly diamond and few opportunities for the propagation of cracks in the polymer matrix (binder).

Different variations of the ratio of aggregate and binder are needed for different surfaces, for different loads. Different hardnesses are needed for different materials, where different loads and different vandal wear tools. Where a metal coin serves as a source of destruction, then corundum, elbor, boron carbide, titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide can be used there. Where the vandal uses a roadside stone (for example, granite), then you need to use diamond, elbor.

The main application of the developed product will be the option where stainless steel, aluminum alloys, other metal alloys, as well as various concrete products based on cement, granite, porcelain stoneware and other ceramics, polymer concrete based on polymer binders, as well as plastic products will be used as a substrate where superhard particles will be interspersed to prevent abrasion.

The invention will be further illustrated by examples of implementation.

1. On the workpiece, which is a strip of titanium, a thickness of 0.2 mm, is applied by lithography to a relief pattern with a linear size of the depressions of 0.3-0.4 mm The method of jet etching create a relief on the free surface of the strip. The surface of the plate is washed and dried. A substance containing an epoxy resin as a binder and corundum particles 0.1-0.3 mm in size is applied to the surface with a relief. The content of particles in the substance is approximately 85% of the mass. Excess substances from the surface of the strip are removed mechanically. After hardening (polymerization) of the polymer base, the product is ready for use.

The tests showed that the surface of the product is resistant to scratching with a coin from a copper-nickel alloy, as well as with a key to the English lock. Fingerprints and other greasy contaminants are practically invisible on a surface with a relief. The surface of the product used for interior decoration of the office premises does not require any repair work for at least 50 years.

2. The example is carried out analogously to example 1, but a strip of aluminum alloy with a thickness of 3.0 mm was used. The linear size of the relief is 0.2-0.3 mm. The substance contains a polyester resin and diamond particles with a size of 0.040-0.050 mm. The particle content of approximately 50% of the mass.

The results are similar to example 1.

3. The example was carried out analogously to example 1, but a strip of stainless steel 3.0 mm thick was used, glued to a heat insulator - a plate of mineral wool with a thickness of 80 mm. The linear size of the relief is 0.3-0.4 mm. The substance contains a polyester resin and diamond particles with a size of 0.050-0.063 mm. The particle content of approximately 80% of the mass.

The results are similar to example 1.

4. The example was carried out analogously to example 1, but a strip of duralumin 2.0 mm thick was used, on the reverse side of which a foam aluminum plate 50 mm thick was attached. The linear size of the relief is 0.8-1.2 mm. The substance contains rubber and particles of electrocorundum with a size of 0.2-0.3 mm. The content of particles is about 70% of the mass.

The results are similar to example 1.

5. The example was carried out analogously to example 4, but used particles of glass powder with a size of 1.0-1.3 mm On the surface of the product, scratches from the action of a coin from a copper-nickel alloy and a key from the English lock are visible. After 5-6 years, the surface will lose its presentation.

6. On the blank, which is a strip of stainless steel, on the reverse surface of which a foam plastic with a thickness of 50 mm, a thickness of 0.2 mm is glued, a relief pattern with a linear size of depressions of 0.4-0.5 mm is applied by lithography. For the rest, the operations known from Example 1 are repeated. A substance containing nickel slag particles of 0.5-0.7 mm and a polyphenylsiloxane resin with a particle content of about 65% by weight is applied to the surface of the strip with a relief.

The results are similar to example 1.

7. The example was carried out analogously to example 6, but used a substance containing particles of silicon carbide with a size of 0.8-1.2 mm and phenol-formaldehyde resin with a particle content of about 70% of the mass.

The results are similar to example 1.

The implementation of the invention, in the parameters entered in the independent claims, always leads to the achievement of the specified technical result.

Claims (11)

1. Facing panel for facades and interiors of buildings, characterized in that its outer layer is made of corrosion-resistant material and contains a relief on the outer surface, the depressions of which are filled with a substance containing a binder and particles with a hardness on an absolute scale of 50 to 1600 units. 2. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer layer is made of stainless steel, titanium or aluminum alloy. 3. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of at least two-layer, and the outer layer is made of stainless steel, titanium, aluminum alloy, and the inner layer is made of at least one material selected from groups: carbon steel, fiberglass, carbon fiber, paper-laminated plastic, foam aluminum, honeycomb construction, fiber-reinforced concrete, a plate made using vegetable fibers, a plate made with synthetic fibers, foam, plastic, ceramic tile, porcelain tile, mineral wool, glass wool, foam glass, composite material. 4. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the relief depth is from 0.01 to 1.8 mm 5. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the particles of the same material are used. 6. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that particles of various materials are used. 7. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that particles from various materials are used, at least one of which is selected from the group consisting of metal, stainless steel, ferrochrome, ferronickel, corundum, electrocorundum, quartz, glass, orthoclase, gypsum , mica, calcite, fluorite, tungsten carbide, molybdenum carbide, boron carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, carbon nitride, boron-carbon-silicon, diamond, cuproslag, nickel slag, rare earth oxide, iron oxide, silicon dioxide, alumina, oxide agnya, granite, ceramics, minerallokeramiku, hard alloy based on cobalt, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, and / or alloys of titanium borides and carbides subgroups with carbides and borides lanthanide fibers. 8. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of particles in the substance is not more than 92% of the mass. 9. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance contains a binder selected from the group consisting of fluoropolymer, rubber, melamine, polyurethane, thermosetting polymers, epoxy resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin, alkyd resin, ethyl silicate resin, epoxy ester resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, organosilicon resin, polyphenylsiloxane resin, glyphthalic resin, formaldehyde resin, silicone resin, hydrocarbon resin, silicone resin, as well as solders. 10. The panel according to claim 9, characterized in that a binder is used that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation. 11. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that used particles with a size of from 0.003 to 2 mm