RU2411377C2 - Rotary internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps. ^ SUBSTANCE: rotary internal combustion engine includes housing with cylindrical coaxial compression and expansion cavities, installation slots of blades, combustion chambers, and inlet and outlet gas channels. In the housing there installed is rotor and spring-loaded blades. Rotor includes power takeoff shaft and discs with working surfaces of variable radius, which are installed in compression and expansion cavities. Housing, discs of rotor and blades form closed working chambers of variable volume and chambers of suction of inlet gases and displacement of waste gases. Combustion chambers are connected to compression and expansion cavities through cylindrical surfaces of compression and expansion cavities, as well as to adjacent installation slots of blades. Inlet and outlet gas channels are connected to compression and expansion cavities through end surfaces of compression and expansion cavities. ^ EFFECT: increasing efficiency, cycle life, manufacturability and repair, reducing vibration and noise, simplifying the coordination of joint operation with other devices. ^ 6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building and can be used in transport, energy and other fields where internal combustion engines (ICE) are used.

The proposed ICE refers to the type of rotary ICE with a cylindrical internal cavity, a profiled rotor and blades moving in the housing.

Known rotary ICE (RF patent No. 2196905, publication date 01/20/2003), comprising a housing with a cylindrical internal cavity, a rotor with a cam, movable blades and a combustion chamber with a gas distribution mechanism. The main disadvantage of this engine is the need for a gas distribution mechanism (timing). Timing valves must close and open at high pressure in the combustion chamber. This leads to the appearance of unused (not participating in the current thermodynamic cycle) volumes of compressed combustible mixture in front of the inlet valve, which reduces the efficiency of the engine, as well as to large loads on the drive of the exhaust valve. The flat blades used in the engine experience pressure loads from the working gases, aimed at blocking them in the groove of the housing. For their work, a large springing force is required, leading to increased wear of the rotor and a decrease in the tightness of the working chambers.

Known rotary ICE (RF patent No. 2253029, publication date 05/27/2005), comprising a housing with a cylindrical internal cavity, movable blades and a rotor with cam protrusions. Inside the rotor, a pre-chamber is made with an opening on its end side, and grooves are made on the adjacent end side of the housing, which ensure the interaction of the pre-chamber with variable internal volumes of compression and expansion. There is no timing in the engine, but the passage of gases into and out of the pre-chamber occurs in narrow channels, which causes large hydraulic losses. An increase in the throughput of the channels entails an increase in the unused volumes of the compressed combustible mixture in them. This engine also has the above-described disadvantages associated with the use of flat blades.

The prototype of the invention is a rotary internal combustion engine (RF patent No. 2133845, publication date 07/27/1999), comprising a housing with a cylindrical cavity and combustion chambers equipped with overlapping bypass channels, a rotor and a system of blades installed in the grooves of the housing and in contact with the profiled external working surface of the rotor . The inner cylindrical cavity is divided into independent compression and expansion cavities communicating with each other through an even number of combustion chambers evenly spaced around the circumference. The rotor contains a common shaft and disks mounted on it, located in the compression and expansion cavities. On the working surfaces of the disks, segmented cuts are made alternating with cylindrical parts. The disks are turned relative to each other so that opposite each segment-shaped cutout of one is the cylindrical part of the other. The blades are placed in pairs near each combustion chamber, with one of the blades of the pair installed in the compression cavity, and the other in the expansion cavity. Separation of the internal cavity into compression and expansion cavities makes it possible to organize gas exchange in an engine without timing, as well as to increase the thermodynamic efficiency due to the continued expansion of the working gases. The main disadvantage of the engine is the use of overlapping bypass channels to connect the combustion chambers with compression and expansion cavities. Overlapping the channel with the end plane of the rotor disk means that large axial forces of gas pressure will act on the rotor disk, which will lead to increased friction of the opposite end plane of the disk against the engine casing. Reducing the cross-sectional area of the channel to reduce axial forces will cause an increase in hydraulic losses during the passage of gases through the channel. The blades of the prototype engine should have a rounded contact surface with the rotor discs to prevent damage or rapid wear of the working surfaces of the rotor discs. At the same time, in the installation grooves of the blades moving into the compression cavity, unused volumes of compressed combustible mixture will form when the rotor disc overlaps the overlapping combustion chamber channels. Engine life is further reduced due to the use of flat blades.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in increasing the efficiency, working resource, manufacturability and repair, reducing vibration and noise, simplifying coordination of joint work with other devices.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a rotary internal combustion engine containing a housing with compression and expansion cavities having a cylindrical shape and located coaxially, blade mounting grooves, combustion chambers, gas intake and exhaust channels, a rotor mounted coaxially with compression and expansion cavities, comprising a power take-off shaft and disks with working surfaces of variable radius mounted on a power take-off shaft in compression and expansion cavities, blades in contact with the working surfaces of the disks p otor due to springing and each compression chamber expanding one at a time near each combustion chamber, the shapes of the working surfaces of the rotor disks are made in such a way that the housing, rotor disks and blades form closed working chambers of variable volume and suction chambers for incoming and displacing exhaust gases, combustion chambers are connected with compression and expansion cavities through cylindrical surfaces of compression and expansion cavities, as well as with adjacent grooves for installing blades, gas inlet and outlet channels connected to the compression and expansion cavities through the end surfaces of the compression and expansion cavities.

The specified method of connecting the combustion chambers, installation grooves of the blades and compression and expansion cavities ensures the absence of unused volumes of compressed combustible mixture and axial forces on the rotor disks, small hydraulic losses during gas passage, allows to reduce the axial overall dimension of the engine by reducing the thickness of the partitions between the compression cavities and extensions. Also significantly simplifies the sealing of the working chambers, the compressed gases in which do not come in contact with the end surfaces of the rotor disks.

The connection of the gas inlet and outlet channels with the compression and expansion cavities through the end surfaces of the compression and expansion cavities makes it possible to maximize the use of the volumes of the compression and expansion cavities for the formation of closed working chambers, as well as to provide sufficient throughput for gas exchange. Overlapping the end surfaces of the rotor disks of the holes connecting the cavities and channels does not cause significant axial forces on the rotor disks, since the gases in the channels are under low pressure.

This goal is also achieved by the fact that rotating blades are used in the engine, each of which contains a rotary shaft, a working part with a sliding heel along the rotor disk, a working surface (restricting the working chamber) having a profile of a radius constant from the axis of rotation of the blade, a stiffener connecting rotary shaft and working part. The axis of rotation of all the blades parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor. The blades face the working chambers to the combustion chambers near which they are installed, with the axis of rotation of the blades of the compression cavities being behind the corresponding combustion chambers in the direction of rotation of the rotor, and the axis of rotation of the blades of the expansion cavities are in front. This design of the blades and the method of their installation in the grooves of the housing prevent the blades from being blocked by the pressure of the working gases and reduce the clamping force, and hence the wear of the working surfaces of the rotor disks.

Equipping the engine with a controlled blade lock mechanism in the position of maximum deviation from the axis of rotation of the rotor will allow the engine to stop working, but leave the possibility of rotation of the rotor with low resistance, which simplifies the coordination of the engine with other devices connected to the power take-off shaft, for example, when the engine is in operation hybrid power plant in conjunction with an electric motor. The locking of the blades also facilitates starting the engine from the starter device, which can, with little effort, bring the rotor speed to the value necessary for reliable engine start. The engine can be restarted by unlocking the blades.

To increase engine efficiency, the maximum volumes of the working chambers in the expansion cavities are greater than the maximum volumes of the working chambers in the compression cavities. It also reduces the noise during exhaust emissions, as their pressure decreases at the end of the expansion stroke.

To reduce engine vibration, balancing cavities are made in the rotor disks, the shape and dimensions of which ensure that the center of mass of the rotor is located on the axis of rotation of the rotor.

The engine design allows you to implement its work on the diesel cycle, for which it is necessary to install fuel injectors.

The device of the proposed engine with one compression cavity, one expansion cavity and two combustion chambers operating on a fuel-air mixture is shown in figures 1-3.

The engine housing is divided into sections, made in the form of separate parts. In the end section 1, channels 16 and 17 of the air-fuel mixture inlet are made. The projection of the channels shown in figure 2 by dash-dotted lines. In the compression section 2, a cylindrical compression cavity is made, and in the grooves 10, the blades 11 and 12 are installed. In the separation section 3, through holes are made, the projections of which in Fig. 3 are shown by dash-dotted lines. In the expansion section 4, a cylindrical expansion cavity and grooves 10 are made, with blades 13 and 14 installed in them. The end section 5 has exhaust gas passages 26 and 27. The sections are fastened together by bolts 28. A rotor is mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation. The rotor comprises a power take-off shaft 6, a disk 7 installed in the compression cavity, and a disk 8 installed in the expansion cavity. The balancing cavities are made in the rotor disks 9. The blades 11-14 are in contact with the working surfaces of the rotor disks due to the force exerted by the springs 15. The combustion chambers 20 and 21 consist of through holes in the separation section 3 and the volumes connected to them in the compression and expansion sections, limited by the housing, the cylindrical surfaces of the compression and expansion cavities and the blades in the position of maximum deviation from the axis of rotation of the rotor. Ignition elements 22 and 23 are installed in the housing. The direction of rotation of the rotor, as well as the direction of movement of the gases are indicated by arrows.

When working in the engine, one process of gas inlet, compression, expansion and exhaust occurs simultaneously. In this sense, the engine is an analogue of a four-cylinder piston engine.

During engine operation, when the rotor occupies a position corresponding to the drawings, through the inlet channel 16, the air-fuel mixture enters the suction chamber 18, the volume of which increases. From the side of the working surface of the blade 11, the volume of the chamber 19 is reduced, in which the air-fuel mixture is compressed and passes into the combustion chamber 20, which came from the inlet channel 17 at the previous stage of the engine operation. In the expansion section, the blade 14 (Fig. 3) is in the position of maximum deviation from the axis of rotation of the rotor, therefore, the volume in the expansion cavity connected to the combustion chamber 20 is absent.

Simultaneously with the processes of intake and compression of the air-fuel mixture, processes of expansion of the workers and exhaust of gases occur in the expansion section. The working gases pass into the increasing chamber 24 from the combustion chamber 21, in which they were formed at the previous stage of engine operation after compression of the air-fuel mixture and its ignition from the igniting element 23. The exhaust gases are discharged through the exhaust channel 26 from the chamber 25, the volume of which decreases.

After a quarter of a revolution of the rotor, the volume of the suction chamber 18 reaches a maximum, and the corresponding inlet channel 16 is blocked by the rotor disk 7. Then the chamber 18 will be combined with the combustion chamber 21. From the chamber 19, the entire compressed air-fuel mixture will be transferred to the combustion chamber 20, in which it will then be ignited from the igniting element 22. In the expansion section, after the maximum expansion of the volume of the chamber 24, the exhaust channel 27 will open, through which they will be released exhaust gases, and the chamber 24 will separate from the combustion chamber 21. The exhaust gases in the chamber 25 will be displaced through the exhaust channel 26.

The processes of intake, compression, expansion and exhaust are repeated every half-revolution of the rotor.

The diesel engine works in a similar way, in which fuel nozzles are installed instead of igniting elements 22 and 23, and air enters instead of the air-fuel mixture.

All engine parts can be manufactured or repaired using equipment and methods that are common in the metal industry. The controlled blade locking mechanism in the position of maximum deviation from the axis of rotation of the rotor (not shown) can be implemented in various ways, for example, by removing the spring loading force of the blades or using a latch.

Claims (6)

1. A rotary internal combustion engine containing a housing with compression and expansion cavities having a cylindrical shape and located coaxially, blade mounting grooves, combustion chambers, gas inlet and outlet channels, a rotor mounted coaxially with compression and expansion cavities, comprising a power take-off shaft and disks with variable radius working surfaces mounted on the power take-off shaft in compression and expansion cavities, blades in contact with the working surfaces of the rotor disks due to springing and for each compression and expansion cavity, one near each combustion chamber, in which the shapes of the working surfaces of the rotor disks are made in such a way that the housing, rotor disks and blades form closed working chambers of variable volume and exhaust and exhaust gas suction chambers, characterized in that the combustion chambers are connected to the compression and expansion cavities through the cylindrical surfaces of the compression and expansion cavities, as well as to adjacent blade installation grooves, gas inlet and outlet channels are connected are cavities with compression and expansion through the end surfaces of the compression and expansion cavities. 2. The rotary internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades are made rotatable, each blade contains a rotary shaft, a working part with a sliding heel along the rotor disk and a working surface having a profile of a radius constant from the axis of rotation of the blade, a stiffener connecting the rotary shaft and the working part, the axis of rotation of all the blades are parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, the blades face the working surfaces to the combustion chambers near which they are installed, and the axis of rotation of the blades of the compression cavities ahodyatsya for the respective combustion chambers in the direction of rotation of the rotor and the rotation axis of expansion cavities blades - before. 3. The rotary internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a controlled mechanism for locking the blades in the position of maximum deviation from the axis of rotation of the rotor. 4. The rotary internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum volumes of the working chambers in the expansion cavities are greater than the maximum volumes of the working chambers in the compression cavities. 5. The rotary internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that balancing cavities are made in the rotor disks, the shape and dimensions of which ensure that the center of mass of the rotor is located on the axis of rotation of the rotor. 6. The rotary internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that fuel nozzles are installed in it, and the engine runs on a diesel cycle.

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