RU2326729C2 - Method of preparation of oil and oil product sorbent - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention allows recycling the polymeric waste, wastes from oil manufacturing; it can be used in elimination of the oil and oil products outflow, and in sewage treatment. The method of preparation of fine-dispersed oil and oil products sorbent is proposed, which consists in dissolution of high-molecular foamed polystyrene wastes in the organic solvent under intensive stirring at concentration range 20-35% mass by polymer; solvent distillation by exposing the mixture under vacuum, the foamed polystyrene wastes are dissolved in acetone at room temperature within 2-3 minutes; the Circulite or filtration perlite are added to this solution and stirred, the received mixture is heated till 80-100°C and the received homogenous mass is cooled, divided into small fractions and grinded.

EFFECT: method simplifies technique for sorbent preparation and reduces price.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, allows the disposal of polymer waste, waste from petrochemical production, serves to eliminate emergency oil and oil product spills and treat industrial wastewater.

When eliminating oil spills from the surface of water areas, the use of synthetic (polymer) sorbents is effective. These sorbents have a high sorption capacity, and the possibility of their production from secondary raw materials allows us to solve the problem of recycling polymer waste. Such sorbents include non-woven fabrics formed from polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and the like fibers; sponge or granular polyurethane; crumb rubber obtained from the processing of worn-out car tires; hollow polymer microspheres; compositions consisting of crumb rubber, powdered polyethylene and pulp, etc.

The main disadvantage of these sorbents is the high cost, due to the multi-stage process of their production, and the use in some cases of primary polymer raw materials.

There is a method of producing sorbents for purifying water from organic impurities (RF Patent No. 2206393, issued August 27, 2001), in which the initial porous inorganic material is treated with a 5-10% solution of polypenurethane in one of the polar organic solvents. The treatment is carried out under normal conditions (at room temperature), stirring the mixture for a time sufficient to cover with a hydrophobic film not only the external but also the internal pore surface of the processed material, in the general case, not more than an hour, until the polymer content in the sorbent is reached in an amount of 2 -5% carbon. The processing conditions listed above provide hydrophobic sorbents with a specific surface area of 80-90 m ² / g.

However, the powder obtained by this method, judging by the production technology and the specific surface, has a relatively large size (more than 500 microns), which reduces its sorption capacity. In addition, this method does not provide for the use of petrochemical waste as inorganic material.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method for producing a finely dispersed amorphous crystalline polymer powder with a sorption capacity of 3.5-4.0 g / g (RF Patent No. 2252071, issued July 28, 2003), which includes grinding waste polyethylene and secondary polymer raw materials ( Aged agricultural and packaging films, used containers and packaging, sprues, etc.), previously dissolved in organic solvents at 90 ° C and vigorous stirring for 30 minutes until paraffin-like masses. The speed of rotation of the mixer 2500-3000 rpm The mass is mixed with water and heated to a temperature not exceeding 10 ° C. The melting temperature of the polymer in a large amount of solvent. Then vacuum with simultaneous condensation of the vapor of the solvent and water and their separation. The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and is intended to solve two major environmental problems: the processing of polymer waste, the elimination of accidental spills of oil and oil products and the treatment of industrial effluents of oil refining enterprises.

However, the known method also has several disadvantages. To obtain homogeneous solutions from polymer wastes (polyethylene), the polymer is dissolved at a high temperature (90 ° C) for 30 minutes with vigorous stirring, and this leads to a rise in price and complexity of the sorbent production technology (a large supply of energy, special equipment to maintain high temperature and stirring for a long time). To dissolve polyethylene waste, an expensive toxic solvent is needed - toluene, p-xylene, heptane, which also leads to a rise in the cost of technology.

In addition, the sorbent obtained by this method has an insufficiently effective sorption capacity and does not provide for the possibility of using petrochemical production wastes to obtain a finely dispersed sorbent for wastewater treatment.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of use of the sorbent produced by the proposed method while expanding its technological capabilities.

This technical result is achieved by solving a technical problem aimed at increasing the sorption capacity while maintaining its hydrophobicity.

This technical problem is solved due to the fact that in the method for producing a finely dispersed sorbent of oil and oil products, including dissolving high molecular weight waste in organic solvents with vigorous stirring in the concentration range of 20-35 wt.% Polymer, distilling off the solvent by keeping the mixture under vacuum, grinding obtained mixtures at room temperature, while polystyrene waste is used as high molecular weight waste, and acetone is used as an organic solvent, while polystyrene foam passes are dissolved in acetone at room temperature for 2-3 minutes, expanded perlite or filter perlite is added to the resulting solution with stirring, the resulting mixture is heated to 80-100 ° C, then the resulting homogeneous mass is divided into small fractions after cooling and ground .

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the polystyrene waste is dissolved in acetone at room temperature for 2-3 minutes, finely dispersed powder based on expanded perlite or filter perlite is added to the resulting solution with stirring, the resulting mixture is heated to 80-100 ° C. The addition of fine powder contributes to the destruction of a homogeneous polymer mass in acetone and its better dispersion into fine particles. Due to this fine powder, which in itself has a high sorption capacity, the sorption capacity of the resulting sorbent is increased. In turn, the polymer is a good water repellent of expanded perlite or filter perlite and improves its adhesive properties with respect to oil and oil products. Heating a polymer mixture with expanded perlite or filter perlite to 80-100 ° C is determined based on the glass transition temperature of the polymer and the boiling point of acetone. At temperatures less than 80 ° C, the polymer cures; over 100 ° C, heating is not economically feasible. At the indicated heating temperature, acetone is distilled off. Acetone is distilled off by keeping the mixture under vacuum. The dissolution of polystyrene waste in acetone at room temperature for 2-3 minutes ensures its complete dissolution.

The method is as follows. Polystyrene waste (used foam packaging, heat-insulating material) is dissolved in acetone at room temperature and vigorously for 2–3 minutes until homogeneous solutions are obtained. The working solution is prepared in the concentration range of 20-35 wt.% Polymer for easy and quick dissolution of polystyrene foam.

Then, the spent filter-perlite or waste based on expanded perlite — petrochemical production waste in the amount of about 1.5–2 kg per 1 liter of polymer solution — is added to the resulting polymer solution with stirring.

The resulting mixture, which is a viscous suspension, is stirred and heated to 80-100 ° C. At the indicated temperature, acetone is distilled off. Acetone is distilled off by keeping the mixture under vacuum. The recovered acetone can be reused in the process.

After cooling, a brittle solid mixture is formed, which is easily divided into small fractions. The fragility of the mixture is ensured by selecting the ratio of the mass of polystyrene foam and waste based on expanded perlite or filter perlite. The obtained fractions are subjected to grinding on a disk abrasor to obtain a fine powder.

Thus obtained powder can be used as a sorbent of oil and oil products. The parameters of the production process and the properties of the sorbent are presented in the table.

The resulting sorbent is scattered on a stain of oil or oil products (for example, mineral oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, etc.) on the water surface and due to the action of adhesive forces binds them in an amount 5-6 times their own weight, which corresponds to sorption capacity 5-6 g / g of oil product. As a result, a solid, easily crumbly agglomerate is formed on the treated water surface, which has a lower density than water and occupies a substantially smaller area compared to the spot of the sorbed liquid. This agglomerate is easily assembled by any mechanical method, for example, using buckets made of metal mesh. The collected agglomerate can be used as solid fuel in the cement industry or regenerated. The regeneration process involves the allocation of sorbent and collected oil in a form suitable for further use and processing.

In addition, the powder extracted from the solution can be used as a nozzle in filters for industrial wastewater treatment and in powder technologies.

The proposed method greatly simplifies the technology of obtaining the sorbent and reduces its cost.

The parameters of the production process and the properties of the sorbent The parameters of the production process and physico-mechanical properties of the sorbent The known method (prototype) The proposed method Process parameters: Polymer Polyethylene Expanded polystyrene Organic solvent Toluene, p-xylene, heptane Acetone The concentration of the polymer solution, wt.% 20-35 20-35 The time of preparation of the polymer solution, min thirty 2-3 The temperature of dissolution of the polymer, ° C 90 15-25 The temperature of the distillation of the solvent, drying, ° C Solvent distillation - 52-65; drying - 100 80-100 Physico-mechanical properties: The particle size of the powder, microns <100 <100 Sorption capacity, g / g 3.5-4.0 5.0-6.0

Thus, it can be seen from the table that the sorption capacity of the sorbent in the proposed method is higher than in the prototype.

Claims (1)

A method of producing a sorbent of oil and oil products, comprising dissolving high molecular weight waste in organic solvents with vigorous stirring in a concentration range of 20-35 wt.%, Using a polymer, distilling off the solvent by keeping the mixture under vacuum, grinding the resulting mixture at room temperature, characterized in that polystyrene waste is used as high molecular weight waste, and acetone is used as an organic solvent, while polystyrene waste is dissolved in acetone at room t temperature for 2-3 minutes, expanded perlite or filter perlite is added to the resulting solution with stirring, the resulting mixture is heated to 80-100 ° C, then the resulting homogeneous mass is divided into small fractions and crushed.