RU2368818C1 - Hydraulic ram - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydraulics and can be used for upwelling. Hydraulic ram comprises water lifting stage incorporating water feed pipe with intake valve, pressure cap with intake valve, pipe communicating aforesaid valve with pressure water tank, air pressure stage comprising water feed pipe and dart valves linked up by rotary rocker. Proposed hydraulic ram comprises a rocker linked up with intake valve of air pressure stage water feed pipe, two diaphragm pumps with inlet check valves and air intake and discharge valves. Water lifting pressure cap represents an accumulating tank arranged below reservoir for value that allows gravity filling of aforesaid tank. Water lifting stage water feed pipe communicates, via inlet valve, with air pressure stage water feed pipe. Accumulating tank is furnished with a float fastened at the lower end of the rod arranged vertically in branch pipe ahead of inlet valve. The rod spring-loaded upper end extends above the tank and is linked, via the rocker, with air pressure stage water feed pipe inlet valve. The rod, inside the tank, accommodates the valve to communicate the tank with atmosphere and perforated plates. Air pressure stage water feed pipe communicates with diaphragm pumps that communicate, via discharge valves, with aforesaid accumulating tanks. Dart valves are arranged downstream of the pumps.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of technical hydraulics and can be used in the design of water-lifting structures that use water hammer.

Known hydraulic ram (Shterenlikht D.V. Hydraulics: Textbook for high schools. - M .: Kolos, 2004, p. 292-293), including a shock valve, discharge valve, air cap, feed pipe, discharge pipe and a receiving tank. Through the feed pipe, the ram connects to the pool located above the ram mark, and through the discharge pipe to the receiving tank.

The disadvantage of a hydraulic ram is that when water passes through pipes and valves, part of the flow energy is lost when the flow accelerates to a speed at which a hydraulic shock is possible, thereby reducing the efficiency devices.

A hydraulic ram is also known (RF Patent No. 2239102, IPC F04F 7/02, publ. 10/27/2004) containing a water-lifting step including a supply pipe with a shock valve, a pressure cap with an inlet and outlet valve, and also a pipe connecting the cap with a water pressure capacity. The ram is additionally equipped with an air pressure stage, the cap of which with the inlet and drain valves is connected to an overflow chamber located above the caps. The drain valve is connected by a pivot arm to a shock valve. The shock valves of both stages are connected by a rotary beam.

A disadvantage of the known device is the low efficiency of the device due to the unproductive expenditure of energy of hydraulic shock to raise the water to a height determined by the difference in the horizons of the location of the hydraulic ram and the supply reservoir. That is, to raise a certain part of the water to the horizon of the pressure vessel, it is first lowered to the horizon of the ram location, and then raised to the same horizon and then to the horizon of the pressure vessel. At the same time, part of the energy is unproductively lost on resistance to the movement of water from the supply reservoir to the ram and vice versa.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the device by reducing the overhead energy of water hammer by lifting water directly from the horizon of the reservoir.

To solve the problem in a hydraulic ram containing a lifting stage, including a water supply pipe with an inlet valve, a pressure cap with an inlet valve, a pipe connecting the cap with a water tank, an air pressure stage including a water supply pipe and shock valves connected by a rotary beam, a ram is proposed provide a rocker connected to the inlet valve of the water supply pipe of the air pressure stage, and two diaphragm pumps with check valves at the inlet and air inlets and exhaust valves, in this case, the pressure head cap of the water-lifting stage should be made in the form of an accumulating tank located below the reservoir by an amount sufficient to ensure its filling by gravity, and connect the water supply pipe of the water-lifting stage through the inlet valve with the water supply pipe of the air pressure stage, equipped with a float mounted on the lower end of a vertically oriented rod placed in the nozzle and installed in front of the inlet valve, the upper end perform the rod protruding above the tank, spring it and connect it through the rocker arm with the inlet valve of the water supply pipe of the air pressure stage, and install a valve on the shaft inside the tank to communicate with the atmosphere during filling and perforated plates, connect the water supply pipe of the air pressure stage to diaphragm pumps, communicated by means of exhaust valves with accumulating capacity, and shock valves to be installed behind the pumps.

The attached drawing shows a schematic diagram of the proposed device.

In the drawing, the following notation:

1 - water pressure vessel;

2 - storage capacity;

3 - rotary rocker;

4 - spring;

5 - valve for communicating the storage tank with the atmosphere;

6 - valve;

7 - plate;

8 - valve;

9 - a water supply pipe of a water-lifting stage;

10 - a reservoir;

11 - pipe;

12 - a core;

13 - a float;

14 - water supply pipe air pressure stage;

15, 16 - check valves;

17, 18 - membranes;

19, 25 - exhaust valves;

20, 21 - housing;

22, 23 - shock valves;

24 - rotary beam;

26, 27 - bends;

28 - duct;

29 - water supply pipe;

30, 31 - inlet valves.

The hydraulic ram contains a pipe 9 connecting a reservoir 10, an accumulation tank 2 and a supply pipe 14. In a pipe 9, a valve 6 is mounted at the inlet to the tank 2 and a valve 8 at the inlet to the pipe 14, which supplies water to two identical diaphragm pumps through check valves 15 and 16, located at the inlet, and further to the shock valves 22 and 23, installed behind the diaphragm pumps and interconnected by a rotary beam 24 with a balancer. Diaphragm pumps consist of rigid bodies 20 and 21, elastic membranes 17 and 18, air inlets 30 and 31, and outlet 19 and 25 valves. The air cavities between the membranes 17 and 18 and the corresponding upper parts of the housings 22 and 21 are connected through valves 19 and 25 to the outlets 26 and 27 of the duct 28, connected at the other end to the cavity of the storage tank 2. In the tank 2 there is a pipe 11 with a rod 12 located inside which the upper end is connected to the valve 5, and the lower end to the float 13. On the rod 12 under the valve 5 are fixed plates 7 with holes. The valve 5 is equipped with a spring 4 and is connected to the valve 8 by means of a rotary rocker 3. The storage tank is communicated by means of a water supply pipe 29 with a water storage tank 1.

Hydraulic ram operates as follows. The process begins with filling the storage tank 2 due to a slight excess of the water level in the reservoir 10 above the installation level of the pipe 9. In this case, the valve 5 is open, providing a connection between the tank 2 and the atmosphere, and the valve 8 connected to the valve 5 by the rotary beam 3 is closed position. Water, pouring from the reservoir 10 into the container 2 through the pipe 11, enters the plates 7, not allowing the float 13 to float. When filling the tank 2 to the level of the plates 7, the water flow no longer creates additional force on the rod 12 and the associated float floats, closing valve 5, and valve 6 closes under the action of its own weight. Under the action of the Archimedean force of the float and the force of elastic compression of the spring 4, the rotary beam 3 (shown by a dotted line) connecting the valve 5 and valve 8 opens the latter, providing a way for water to the inlet pipe and blocking access to the tank 2. Water through the pipe 14 passes one of the open valves 16 and enters the cavity between the lower part of the rigid body 21 and the elastic membrane 17 and then pours out through the open shock valve 23, the pressure on which increases with increasing flow rate. At a certain speed, this pressure exceeds the weight of the valve and it closes, thus opening by means of the rotary rocker 24 the shock valve 22 of the second diaphragm pump. A water hammer occurs in the first diaphragm pump, the membrane 17 bends upward (in the drawing, the position of the membrane 18 is shown at the time of the water hammer in the second diaphragm pump), pushing compressed air through valve 25 or 19 through pipe 26 or 27 and pipe 28 into container 2. Valves 30 and 31 provide a connection between the cavities of the diaphragm pumps and the atmosphere during elastic restoration of the initial position of the membranes. In the second diaphragm pump, the process proceeds in a similar manner, i.e. the pumps operate alternately, creating excess pressure in the tank 2, from where water under this pressure enters through the pipe 29 into the pressure tank 2.

After emptying the container 2, the float 13, under the action of its gravity, opens the valve 5 (plates 7 at this time are free of water due to the holes in their wall), while at the same time, thanks to the rotary beam 3, the valve 8 closes the entrance to the pipe 14 and opens the way for water in capacity 2. Next, the cycle repeats.

It is the execution of a hydraulic ram in such a way that the water-lifting step is located on the horizon of the reservoir, and the air pressure stage is made using diaphragm pumps, which increases its efficiency by lifting water directly from the horizon of the reservoir.

Claims (1)

A hydraulic ram containing a lifting stage, including a water supply pipe with an inlet valve, a pressure cap with an inlet valve, a pipe connecting the cap to a water tank, an air pressure stage including a water supply pipe and shock valves connected by a rocker arm, characterized in that the ram is equipped with a rocker arm associated with the inlet valve of the water supply pipe of the air pressure stage, and two diaphragm pumps with check valves at the inlet and air inlet and outlet valves the pressure cap of the water-lifting stage is made in the form of an accumulating tank located below the reservoir by an amount sufficient to ensure that it is filled by gravity, and the water supply pipe of the water-lifting stage is connected through an inlet valve to the water supply pipe of the air pressure stage, the storage tank is equipped with a float fixed to the lower the end of a vertically oriented rod placed in the nozzle and installed in front of the inlet valve, and the upper end of the rod is made protruding above the tank, it is spring-loaded and connected through the rocker to the inlet valve of the water supply pipe of the air pressure stage, and on the rod inside the tank there is a valve for communicating the capacity of the tank with the atmosphere during its filling and perforated plates, the water supply pipe of the air pressure stage is connected to diaphragm pumps communicated via exhaust valves with accumulating capacity, and shock valves are installed behind the pumps.

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