RU2368130C2 - Quick woody angiouspermous plant cultivation from seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention is in the field of forestry and agriculture. The method comprises spring sowing of stratified seeds in the substrate. Untreated seeds are sowed directly in open ground, in dried stabilised sludge of municipal wastewater with keeping period of not more than 1 year. Sprouts are thinned leaving space between plants of 20 to 50 cm.

EFFECT: present method enables to hasten blossoming and fruiting of woody angiouspermous plants upon seed reproduction, to optimise selection and reduce large planting material cultivation period.

11 tbl, 8 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to nursery, and can be used in the technology of seed propagation of wood angiosperms.

Known methods for the accelerated cultivation of seedlings of woody angiosperms in the soil after stratification and germination in artificial substrates followed by spring picking of seedlings in the ground or artificial substrate in protected ground (greenhouses, greenhouses) (N.P. Gladky, Nursery of ornamental trees and shrubs. L. : Publishing House of Literature on Construction, 1971, 227 pp .; Sokolova TA, Ornamental Crop Production, Arboriculture / M.: Forestry, 2004, 351 pp.).

By this method, prepared seeds are sown in greenhouses or boxes that are installed in greenhouses. Stratification, seed germination for seedling is carried out on artificial substrates containing components of plant origin (peat, all kinds of composts, moss, sawdust of conifers and deciduous species) and inert materials (sand, perlite, vermiculite) (Nikolaeva MG, Razumova M. V., Gladkova V.N. Handbook on germination of dormant seeds.L.: Nauka, Len. Department, 1985, 339 p .; Sokolova T.A. Ornamental plant growing. Arboriculture / M .: Forestry, 2004, 351 p) . Dressing stratified seeds with a 0.15% formalin solution for two hours is a must, allowing you to save seeds and seedlings in non-sterile conditions.

After the emergence of seedlings, the plants are quenched (they open the film, aerate) and in the cotyledon stage they dive into the ridges under a peg. Of great importance is the preliminary preparation of the soil. Structural, well-drained soils of medium texture are preferred. They should not have decaying plant residues, inclusions in the form of roots, lumps, stems, etc. It is supposed to introduce basic organic and mineral fertilizers (rotted manure or compost, sphagnum peat, potash and phosphorus fertilizers). When growing seedlings from stratified seeds of some tree species, it is also necessary to provide for disinfection of the soil.

To obtain high-quality leveled plants in protected ground, a high level of agricultural technology and constant monitoring of temperature (20-28 ° C) and relative humidity (75-85%) are required. During the growing season, the greenhouses are aired; in mid-August, a film is removed to harden the plants.

Closest to the invention in terms of essential features is the cultivation of seedlings of woody plants in greenhouses from stratified pickled seeds during their spring sowing in ridges or boxes with an artificial substrate and subsequent picking of seedlings in the ground (Gladky N.P. Nursery of ornamental trees and shrubs. L. : Publishing House of Literature on Construction, 1971, 227 pp .; Sokolova TA, Ornamental Crop Production, Arboriculture / M.: Forestry, 2004, 351 pp.).

The invention is aimed at enhancing the growth and development, accelerating the flowering and fruiting of wood angiosperms during their seed propagation, reducing the growing time of large planting material for landscape construction, optimizing the breeding process due to favorable physicochemical properties and high hormonal activity of the substrate used in growing seedlings.

To solve this problem, the seeds of tree and shrub species in the spring after stratification are sown in an artificial substrate - dehydrated stabilized sludge from urban wastewater (OGSV), the shelf life of which does not exceed one year. The stratification modes, seeding rates and density of seedlings standing depend on the species characteristics (see Examples of specific performance of the method). If necessary, seedlings remaining after thinning dive into the same ridges or containers with OGSV.

The method of accelerated growing of wood angiosperms from seeds in dehydrated stabilized sludge of urban wastewater (OGSV) has several advantages over the prototype:

- seedlings grown on OGSV, in terms of the main indicators of growth and development, significantly overtake plants grown in soil or on known artificial substrates: the aerial part and the root system of seedlings are distinguished by powerful development (plant height, leafiness, diameter of the main axes, root mass), which allows the use of 1-3-year-old plants as a large-sized planting material for landscaping and for laying breeding sites;

- after direct sowing of seeds in OGSV, seedlings begin active growth and branching earlier, form a crown faster and pass to the reproductive phase than when germinating seeds and then picking seedlings: seedlings begin to bloom 1-11 years earlier, which is extremely important when growing decorative wood plants with a long juvenile period;

- the selection process is accelerated: early flowering and the rapid entry into fruiting of hybrid material allows selection according to the signs of decorativeness and quality of fruits already in the early stages;

- seedlings grown on OGSV are resistant to stress (snowless period against the background of low temperatures, deep winter thaws, their alternation with frost). In the control (prototype), after protracted deep thaws in January and at the end of winter 2007, weeping of plants and ring damage (peeling of the bark) at the base of the stem were observed, which led to the death (up to 20-35%) of such decorative woody plants as catalpa and lilac;

- the yield of well-developed leveled plants increases, the period of growing from seeds of high-quality large-sized planting material, demanded in landscape construction, is reduced, the efficiency of use of the nursery areas is increased;

- the application of the method can significantly reduce the cost of planting material by reducing the cost of manual labor for seed dressing, picking, frequent watering and material costs for organic and mineral fertilizers, soil disinfection, film and depreciation of greenhouses;

- the exclusion from the technological cycle of seed dressing and disinfection of the substrate reduces the risk of environmental pollution;

- the use of OGSV as a substrate for growing planting material of wood angiosperms is one of the effective ways of their disposal.

An essential feature that characterizes the invention is the direct sowing of stratified unseparated seeds of woody plants in an artificial uncontaminated substrate, which is dehydrated stabilized sediments of urban wastewater (OHSW), the shelf life of which does not exceed one year, with subsequent thinning of the seedlings.

Causal relationships are that dehydrated and stabilized sludge from urban wastewater (OHSW) obtained by mechanical treatment and thermophilic anaerobic digestion, in which more than 30 systematic groups of microorganisms take part, are an organomineral suspension, the organic part of which consists of carbohydrates , proteins (bacterial mass), lipids, lignin, humic substances, wax and chitin.

Fermented, mechanically dehydrated sludge contains a high amount of basic macro- and microelements and is a valuable organic fertilizer equivalent to manure and sapropel. The precipitate obtained at the Kuryanovskaya and Lyubertsy aeration stations is characterized by a neutral reaction of the medium, a high degree of saturation with bases and humidity of 50-85%. It is stable, structural, has a friable consistency, has a high content of organic matter, is characterized by a rich ash composition, but low water retention capacity.

The mechanically dehydrated sludge in its composition meets sanitary standards (SanPiN 2.1.7.573-96), and it can be used in agriculture, as is done in many industrialized countries.

Worldwide, waste management and environmental protection are a pressing issue. From the filter presses, dehydrated sewage sludge is transported outside the cities and stored at landfills. Accumulating in huge quantities, they create a big environmental and economic problem for megacities. In Moscow alone, this amount is more than half a million tons annually.

In our country, the use of OGSV in agriculture is limited (no more than 4-6%). An obstacle to the widespread use of sludge as an organo-mineral fertilizer may be the high content of heavy metals that are present in OGSV in the form of carbonates, sulfides, organic complexes associated with bacterial biomass (Chebotarev N.T. Problems of wastewater sludge treatment in Moscow / / Chemistry in agriculture. - 1994. - No. 4. - S.21-22).

However, according to the conclusion of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fertilizers and Soil Science (VIUA), OGSV Moscow can be used as organic fertilizer without the risk of contaminating the soil and crop products with heavy metals (cadmium, manganese, copper, arsenic, nickel, mercury, lead, chromium, zinc) (table .1) (Sedykh E.M., Adzhienko V.E., Starshinova N.P., Bannykh L.N., Tatsiy Yu.G., Gulko N.I. Analysis of urban sewage sediment // RIA Standards and quality. Partners and competitors. - 2001. - No. 1. - S.16-20).

Modern urban wastewater treatment technologies also eliminate the epidemiological danger.

At present, OGSV is recommended to be used for grain on fodder, fodder and industrial crops, in meadow cultivation, seed growing, floriculture, where the probability of heavy metals and pathogens entering the food chains is small (Vorobyeva R.P., Dodolina V.T., Merzlaya G. .E. Ecologically safe methods for the use of waste. - Barnaul: Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, 2000. - 555 p .; Romanov EM. Ecological aspects of the disposal of sewage sludge in forest nurseries // Problems of environmental protection from industrial, domestic, biological and honey Qing waste, sewage sludge Mater international scientific and practical conference -..... Penza, 1997. - S.147-150).

Table 1 The content of trace elements and heavy metals in the sewage sludge of the Kuryanovsky aeration station Items The content in OGSV, mg / kg dry matter MPC Manganese 128-600 2000 Arsenic 3.7-4.2 twenty Mercury 0.17 fifteen Lead 72-84 1000 Copper 344-439 1500 Nickel 48-64 400 Zinc 244-800 40,000 Chromium 304-682 1200 Cadmium 3-5 thirty Molybdenum 2-8 not standardized Cobalt 4-20 not standardized Selenium 2-8 not standardized

OHSWs are distinguished by a slightly alkaline reaction of the medium (7.6–7.8), a high content of total nitrogen (5–7.6% per dry matter), phosphorus (7–8%), and humified organic matter (50–75%), ash content of 30-52%, which provides high soil-forming properties of the substrate. The potassium content is average (up to 0.5%).

Due to the activity of thermophilic bacteria, which are active at temperatures above + 60 ° C, fresh OHSW are practically free of pathogenic microflora (Strauch D. Gesetzliche hygienische Anfordeungen an Komposte aus Abfallstoffen / VDLUFA-Schriftenreihe - Verbandt Dt. Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchtungschungterschungschungschungtz, Unterschtungschungtz, Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchtungs- ; T.23, - S.983-1002).

In addition, as our studies showed (Table 2), the positive effect of precipitation on the growth and development of woody plants, the formation of a powerful aerial part and root system is associated with the presence of hormonal activity of the substrate due to the presence of microorganism vital products that accumulate in the sediment during thermophilic fermentation.

table 2 Hormone content in dehydrated sewage sludge, RGAU-MSHA, 2006 OGSV storage period IAA ng / g mass CC ng / g mass GA ng / g mass ABA ng / g mass T: P = 1: 1 0.05 - - - Fresh OGSV 1.86 60.7 57.4 14.2 OGSV after storage for 1 year 0.65 40,4 67.1 1.9 OGSV after storage for 7 years 0.62 13.5 - -

Fresh sediments after filter presses are characterized by the highest content of auxins (IAA) and cytokinins (CC), a pair of hormones responsible for morphogenesis. Cytokinins relieve apical dominance, which leads to good branching and rapid crown formation in the early stages of seedling development. In precipitation a year ago, the content of CK decreases by 1.5, IAA - by 3 times. However, the ratio of the sum of CK + IAA to ABA is almost 5 times higher than in fresh sediments, which also positively affects the formation of the aerial part and root system of seedlings. In fresh sediments and in precipitation after a year of storage, noticeable gibberellin activity was noted, which is realized in enhancing cell division and shoot growth, as well as the powerful development of the leaf apparatus. The high nutritional value of precipitation, the presence in the environment of hormones synthesized by microorganisms at the stage of thermophilic fermentation, provide high value of the OGSV for growing woody plants during their seed propagation.

After prolonged exposure to silt sites (up to 7 years), no Gibberellins were found in the OGSW samples, the content of cytokinins was reduced by almost 3 times, the structure of substrates was deteriorated, the rooting of cuttings was reduced, and their quality was reduced. The substrate is populated by pathogenic microflora, which inhibits plant growth.

Examples of specific performance of the method

I. The influence of OGSV on the growth and development of woody plants during seed propagation

Woody plants

Example No. 1

In the spring, the stratified seeds of Catalpa bignonide (ordinary) Catalpa bignonioides are sown in open ground in OGSV. Seeds germinate after a short cold stratification in the light at a temperature of + 20 ° C for 4 months. Aisles of 40 cm, sowing depth of 3-6 cm, seeding rate - 3-8 g / 1p.m., Seedlings output from 1 p.m. - 30-40 pcs. Seedlings thin out, leaving the distance between plants in a row of 40 cm. The seedlings released after thinning dive into ridges of open ground or into containers with OGSV.

Table 3 Growth and development of seedlings of Catalpa bignoniform (ordinary) Catalpa bignonioides when grown on OGSV Growth and development indicators 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV Height cm 4.0 12.0 24.0 111.0 127.0 230,0 170.0 280,0 Diameter of the base of the stem, cm 0.3 0.6 1,2 2.9 2.6 6.3 5.3 13.3 Branching order 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0 0,0 2.0 1,0 3.0 Leaf area, cm ² 11.3 39.7 418.0 1330.0 790.0 20312.3 1117.6 27893.0 The average mass of roots, g 12,4 37.8 317.7 985.5 620.9 2385.0 1704.2 5310.0 The beginning of flowering, year - - - - - + - +

Bignonide catalpa (Table 3) is rare in the middle lane, very ornamental, but demanding on the growing conditions and soil fertility, grows slowly in the nursery and suffers from changes in winter temperatures. With seed reproduction, it blooms only for 10-14 years. When grown on OGSV, it significantly overtakes control plants by all biometric indices of growth of the aerial part and root system and proceeds to flowering 3 years after emergence (Table 11).

Example No. 2

In spring, stratified horse chestnut seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum are sown in open ground in OGSV. Seeds germinate after prolonged cold stratification (4.5-5 months). Aisles of 50 cm, sowing depth of 6-10 cm, seeding rate - 200-250 g / 1 running meter, seedlings output from 1 running meter. - 12-18 pcs. Seedlings thin out, leaving the distance between plants in a row of 50 cm. The seedlings released after thinning dive into ridges of open ground or into containers with OGSV.

Table 4 Growth and development of horse chestnut (ordinary) Aesculus hippocastanum seedlings when grown on OGSV Growth and development indicators 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV Height cm 15.3 25.8 24.9 43.3 52.1 130.3 97.0 188.5 Diameter of the base of the stem, cm 0.7 1.3 1,1 2.2 1.7 2.6 2.2 3.9 Branching order 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0 0,0 1,0 1,0 2.0 Leaf area, cm ² 170.3 300,4 1312.4 2990.7 4115.3 10119.6 8301.7 15774.0 The average mass of roots, g 15.6 43.7 282.4 600.5 495.3 1720.3 751.1 2370.0 The beginning of flowering, year - - - - - - - -

The shortage of large-sized planting material of Horse Chestnut is explained by the slower growth of seedlings in the nursery, insufficient branching of young plants, the slow formation of the crown of the tree and late flowering. Growing chestnut on OGSV (table 4) allows for a short time to get planting material with more powerful than in the control, the development of the crown and root system. Experienced seedlings of Kashtan go on to bloom for 5-6 years, Manchurian walnut for 3 years (Table 11); in control, both species bloom only 8-13 years after sowing seeds.

Example No. 3

In spring, the stratified seeds of Bird cherry Virginus Padus virginiana are sown in open ground in OGSV. Seeds pass a two-stage stratification: 1-1.5 months - at a temperature of + 20 ° C and 3-4 months - at a temperature of + 3-5 ° C. Aisles of 50 cm, sowing depth of 3-6 cm, seeding rate - 6-10 g / 1 l.m., seedlings output from 1 l.m. - 28-30 pcs. Seedlings thin out, leaving a distance between plants of 40-50 cm. The seedlings released after thinning dive into ridges of open ground or into containers with OGSV.

Table 5 Growth and development of bird cherry seedlings Padus virginiana when grown on OGSV Growth and development indicators 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV Height cm 19,4 54.0 49.9 174.3 105.8 228.3 152.3 3043,0 Diameter of the base of the stem, cm 0.5 0.7 0.9 1,5 1,1 3,1 2.1 4.3 Branching order 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0 0,0 2.0 1,0 3.0 Leaf area, cm ² 139.3 243.5 230.7 425.4 3227.8 7985.1 5201.1 14339.5 The average mass of roots, g 15.3 33.7 165.2 314.4 220.0 415.3 3913.0 9530,0 The beginning of flowering, year - - - - - + - +

Bird cherry Virginia is in demand in landscaping. When grown from seeds under ordinary conditions, it reaches the required size and blooms several years later than when grown on OGSV (Tables 5, 11).

Example No. 4

In spring, the stratified seeds of the Malus boccata Siberian Apple Tree are sown in open ground in the OGSV. Seeds are stratified at 3-5 ° C for 3 months. Aisles of 30 cm, sowing depth of 2-3 cm, seeding rate -1 g / 1 l.m., seedlings output from 1 l.m. furrows - 25-30 pcs. Seedlings thin out, leaving a distance between plants of 20-30 cm. The released seedlings after thinning dive into ridges of open ground or into containers with OGSV.

Table 6 Growth and development of seedlings of the Apple-tree of the Siberian Malus boccata when grown on OGSV Growth and development indicators 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV Height cm 21.3 62.7 56.3 129.3 120.7 221.5 171.3 3420.5 Diameter of the base of the stem, cm 0.4 0.7 0.7 1,6 1,1 2,4 2.0 4.2 Branching order 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0 1,0 3.0 2.0 4.0 Leaf area, cm ² 111.3 188.3 180.5 390.3 3380,2 8054.2 5330.1 16789.3 The average mass of roots, g 10.3 28.9 111.8 265.5 196.4 381.1 370.4 885.3 The beginning of flowering, year - - - - - + - +

Of great interest for modern landscape design is the Siberian Apple Tree (berry) Malus boccata. The species is distinguished by a low compact crown, high winter hardiness and decorativeness both during flowering and during ripening of fruits. Small, brightly colored fruits adorn the trees until late autumn. Seeds germinate amicably, but seedlings are distinguished by their tuberosity and unevenness, they grow very slowly in the nursery, bloom only for 5-8 years. Direct sowing of seeds sown in the OGSV avoids the listed disadvantages (Tables 6, 11).

Example No. 5

In the spring, stratified Acer tegmentosum maple seeds are sown in open ground in OGSV. Seeds are stratified at 0-3 ° C for eight months. Aisles of 30 cm, sowing depth of 3-6 cm, seeding rate - 6-8 g / 1 running meter, seedlings output from 1 running meter. furrows - 28-30 pcs. Seedlings thin out, leaving a distance between plants of 30 cm. The seedlings released after thinning dive into the same ridges or into containers with OGSV.

Table 7 Growth and development of Acer tegmentosum maple seedlings when growing on OGSV Growth and development indicators 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV Height cm 4.9 11.7 19.2 65.3 51.1 177.0 110.0 237.2 The diameter of the base of the stem, cm ² 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.4 1,0 1.9 Branching order 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0 0,0 2.0 1,0 3.0 Leaf area, cm ² 93.3 180.5 173.5 412.7 4913.3 9333.3 6785.5 18300,2 The average mass of roots, g 3.6 11.1 51.3 93.3 115.7 270,2 202.9 478.4 The beginning of flowering, year - - - - - - - +

Green-colored maple is a highly decorative plant and very promising in landscaping. Like all maples, vegetatively poorly propagated, and seed propagation is limited by poor seed germination and slowed initial seedling growth. Seedlings move to the generative phase for 9-14 years. Sowing seeds and growing seed for planting on OGSV stimulate active growth and branching of plants, provide a powerful development of the assimilation surface and root system, an early transition to flowering and seed formation (Tables 7, 11).

Shrub plants

Example No. 1

In spring, the stratified seeds of the Common Lilac Siringa vulgaris are sown in open ground in OGSV. Seeds are stratified at + 1-5 ° C for 2.5-3 months. Aisles of 30 cm, sowing depth of 0.5-2 cm, seeding rate - 1.2-1.5 g / 1 l.m., seedlings output from 1 l.m. furrows - 24-26 pcs. Seedlings thin out, leaving a distance between plants of 20-30 cm. The released seedlings after thinning dive into the same ridges or containers with OGSV.

Table 8 Growth and development of seedlings of Common Lilac Siringa vulgaris when grown on precipitation Growth and development indicators 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV Height cm 15.1 18.9 50,4 122.3 75.3 159.0 110.0 194.2 Diameter of the base of the stem, cm 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1,6 1,1 1.9 Branching order 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0 Leaf area, cm ² 130.3 198.8 224.4 584.0 4338,2 11797.3 4773,3 12,830.7 The average mass of roots, g 3.2 7.5 39.3 79.9 88.1 201.7 171.5 354.4 The beginning of flowering, year - - - - - - - +

Many highly decorative varieties are usually propagated by vegetative methods or by grafting varieties on seedlings of common lilac. Varieties of lilacs are not propagated by seeds, because with the replacement reproduction of lilac in the offspring, splitting is observed according to the main characteristics.

However, in breeding work, it is extremely important to optimize the cultivation of hybrid material, which goes to flowering early, which allows selection at an early stage. Sowing seeds and growing lilac seedlings on the OGSV gives this opportunity and provides rapid growth and development of plants and the early onset of flowering of hybrid seedlings.

Example No. 2

In the spring, stratified wild rose (canine) Rosa canina seeds are sown in open ground in OGSV. Seeds undergo a two-stage stratification: 3 months at a temperature of + 27 ° C and 3 months at a temperature of + 3-5 ° C. Aisles of 30 cm, sowing depth of 2-3 cm, sowing rate - 2-3 g / 1 l.m., seedlings output from 1 l.m. furrows - 30-35 pcs. Seedlings thin out, leaving a distance between plants of 20-30 cm.

Seedlings released after thinning dived into ridges of open ground or into containers with OGSV.

Table 9 Growth and development of seedlings of wild rose (canine) Rosa canina when grown on precipitation Growth and development indicators 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV Height cm 4.7 10,2 12.1 69.5 89.2 158.3 124.3 220.7 Diameter of the base of the stem, cm 0.3 0.5 0.7 1,6 0.9 2.2 1.4 2.7 Branching order 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0 0,0 1,0 1,0 2.0 Leaf area, cm ² 85,2 170.3 175.3 485.1 2271.5 6084.3 4301.5 11045.3 The average mass of roots, g 2.7 5,4 34.3 63.1 74.5 189.0 166.6 338.5 The beginning of flowering, year - - - - - + - +

Example No. 3

In spring, the stratified Weigela Middendorff seeds of Weigela middendorffiana are sown in open ground in the OGSV. Seeds are stratified at 0 ... + 3 ° C for 2 months. Aisles of 30 cm, sowing depth of 1-2.5 cm, sowing rate - 0.5-1 g / 1 l.m., seedlings output from 1 l.m. furrows - 20-25 pcs. Seedlings thin out, leaving a distance between plants of 30 cm.

Table 10 Growth and development of Weigela Middendorf seedlings Weigela middendorffiana when grown on seedlings Growth and development indicators 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV The control OGSV Height, s 5.3 8.9 35.3 89.6 60.0 122.1 88.4 153.6 Diameter of the base of the stem, cm 0.3 0.4 1,1 1.7 1,5 2,4 1.8 2,8 Branching order 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,0 1,0 2.0 1,0 2.0 Leaf area, cm ² 125.3 170.3 265.3 684.3 4002.5 10325.3 4522.1 12106.3 The average mass of roots, g 2.9 6.5 31.3 66.8 80.5 185.3 150.3 264.5 The beginning of flowering, year - - - + - + + +

The cultivation of Rosehip and Weigela seedlings (Tables 9, 10, 11) on OGSV reveals the same advantages: early initial active growth, powerful development of the crown, root system, early onset of flowering and fruiting, including hybrid material, which allows in the first years of growing seedlings to obtain large-sized flowering decorative shrubs in a short time and optimize the breeding process.

II. The influence of OGSV on the beginning of flowering of woody angiosperms during seed propagation

In the spring, stratified seeds of tree and shrub species are sown in open ground in ridges with OGSV. The seeding rate and the depth of sowing depend on species characteristics, are indicated in the Examples of the specific implementation of the method.

Table 11 The influence of OGSV on the beginning of flowering of woody and shrub angiosperms during their seed propagation No. p / p Genus, species of plant The beginning of normal flowering, year The beginning of flowering when sowing on OGSV, year Woody plants one Catalpa bignonioid (ordinary) Catalpa bignonioides 10-14 3 2 Horse chestnut (ordinary) Aesculus hippocastanum 9-10 5-6 3 Bird cherry Virginus Padus virginiana 4-6 3 four Manchurian Walnut Juglans mandshurica 8-13 3 5 Berry apple tree Malus boccata 5-8 3 6 Green Maple Acer tegmentosum 9-14 four Shrubs 7 Ginall Maple (Riverside) Acer ginnala 7-8 3 8 Tatar maple (non-maple, black-maple) Acer tataricum 8-12 3 9 Common lilac Siringa vulgaris 5-6 2 10 Dogrose ordinary (canine) Rosa canina 3-4 2 eleven Rosehip wrinkled Rosa rugosa 3 one 12 Weigela Middendorff Weigela middendorffiana 3-4 2 13 Weigela early Weigela praecox 5-6 3 fourteen Golden currant Ribes aureum 3-4 2-3

The use of OGSV as a substrate for the seed propagation of woody angiosperms allows their flowering to be shifted to an earlier date, which is especially important when growing breeds with a long juvenile period.

Claims (1)

A method of accelerating the cultivation of woody angiosperms from seeds, including spring sowing of stratified seeds into a substrate, characterized in that direct sowing of untreated seeds in open ground is carried out in dehydrated stabilized sediments of urban wastewater, the shelf life of which does not exceed one year, followed by thinning of the seedlings.