RU2368115C1 - Cultivating drill colter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: according to the invention, colter relates to agricultural machine building and can be applied mainly in cultivating drills for broadcast seeding and fertilising simultaneously with seeding or without it. It includes duckfoot (1, dwg.1), receiver (2) and seeding material distributor (3). Distributor (3) has wedged shape and is installed at the seeding material outlet of receiver (2). Over distributor (3) receiver (2) cavity is divided by pass partition plate (19) into two channels (16 and 17) to feed similar streams of seeding material from seed-ducts (15), respectively, from the first channel (16) to one side of the distributor (3), and from the second one (17) to the other side. Lower part of pass partition plate (19) is situated over distributor (3) top. Receiver (2) cavity can have cross partition plate (18), the upper part of pass partition plate (19) having front (20) and back (21) parts, deflected aside. Each of these parts adjoins corresponding side wall (8) of the receiver (2) and is connected to cross partition plate (18), forming the upper part of the corresponding channel in the receiver (2). Available pass partition plate limits side displacements of seeding material in the receiver and enables feeding thereof to distributor along two channels with more symmetry relative to distributor top.

EFFECT: this increases front distribution evenness of seeding material, even with colter side inclined, for example during cultivating drill operation on the slopes.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used mainly in seeders, cultivators for the dispersed sowing of grain and other crops, as well as in implements for fertilizing when processing the soil.

Known openers for dispersed seeding and fertilizing - fertilizers (АСС 7/20: RU 2101906, C1, 1998.01.20; RU 2180993, C2, 2001.11.27). Each of them has a lancet paw, a receiver and distributor of the sown material (seeds, seeds with fat or fat). The distributor is installed on the way of the seed to be sown from the receiver. In these openers, the distributors are made, respectively, in the form of a trihedral pyramid and in the shape of a cone. The cone-shaped distributor is mounted pivotally, with the top up, with the possibility of moving its base along the bottom of the furrow, revealed by the lancet paw of the opener, that is, on the seed bed.

Each opener-counterpart does not provide a high-quality seed distribution in the sublapaceous space, which is especially evident when the lancet paw has a working width of about 300-420 mm (opener with such a paw, hereinafter - wide opener).

The prototype of the claimed device is a coulter for subsoil scattering and sowing fertilizer (RU 2164364, C2, IPC 7 A01C 7/20, publ. 2001.03.27). It includes a lancet paw, a receiver and a distributor of seed. The distributor has a wedge-shaped shape and is installed on the way of the seed to be sown from the receiver, which is made in the form of a pipe having a passage section elongated in the direction of movement of the coulter.

The disadvantage of the coulter prototype is the uneven frontal distribution of the sowing material, especially with lateral inclinations of the coulter, which occurs when sowing in fields characteristic of rough terrain. The main reason for this drawback is that when the coulter is tilted laterally, the seed that moves in the receiver has no restrictions on lateral displacements, and therefore, is shifted to a large extent by gravitational forces towards the tilt. This displacement of the material violates the symmetry of its supply relative to the top of the distributor. This leads to the fact that more material is scattered towards the coulter tilt than to the opposite, that is, the uniformity of the frontal distribution of the seed coulter is sharply reduced. This disadvantage also manifests itself in those cases when the sowing material is fed into the receiver of a wide opener with the same (in composition and intensity) flows using two flexible seed tubes connected with a single receiver cavity.

The objective of the invention is to increase the uniformity of the frontal distribution of the sowing material entering the opener receiver with two identical streams by achieving a technical result: limiting lateral displacements of this material in the receiver and supplying it to the distributor with greater symmetry with respect to the top of the distributor, even with lateral inclinations of the opener.

This problem is solved in that the declared opener of the seeder-cultivator, as well as its prototype, includes a lancet paw, a receiver and a distributor of seed. The distributor has a wedge-shaped shape and is installed on the way of the seed to be sown from the receiver. Unlike the prototype, in the declared opener above the distributor, the receiver cavity is divided by a longitudinal partition into two channels for feeding the seed from the first channel to one side of the distributor, and from the second to the other. In this case, the lower part of the longitudinal partition is located above the top (above and along the top) of the distributor.

The presence in the receiver cavity of a longitudinal partition, the bottom of which is located above the top of the distributor, limits the lateral displacements of the seed to be sown in the receiver and allows it to be brought to the distributor through two adjacent channels with greater symmetry with respect to the top of the distributor, even with lateral inclination of the opener. Therefore, the aforementioned new set of common essential features of the declared opener in all cases of its implementation ensures the achievement of the technical result noted in the task of the invention.

In particular cases of the invention, the receiver cavity is further divided by a transverse partition. The upper part of the longitudinal septum has front and rear sections deflected in opposite directions. Each of them adjoins (pressed or attached) to the corresponding side wall of the receiver and is connected to the transverse partition, forming the upper part of its corresponding channel in the receiver. This is rational when feeding the seed to the coulter through two vas deferens to the front and back of the entrance to its receiver.

In addition, in each channel of the receiver there is a deflector plate fixed under the inlet of the corresponding material flow from the upper part of this channel to its lower part. The shield increases the uniformity of sowing or making fertilizers by distributing the flow of particles of the sowing material over the bore of the lower part of the corresponding channel of the receiver.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the declared opener (example) with a distributor attached to the rear wall of the receiver, side view with local cuts, fragment; figure 2 is a section aa of figure 1, a fragment; figure 3 is a view B of figure 1, a fragment; the vas deferens (setting), the shank of the paw, its stand and mounting bolts are not shown; figure 4 is a section bb In figure 2, a fragment; figure 5 - remote element G of figure 3.

In the drawings (Figs. 1-5), the following position designations are adopted: 1 — lancet paw; 2 - receiver (assembly assembly); 3 - distributor; 4 - flaps of the arch of the sublap space; 5 - reflector; 6, 7 and 8 - front, back and two side walls of the receiver; 9 - passage for seed to be sited between the upper part of the distributor and the three walls of the receiver; 10 - plate fixed between the flaps; 11 - holder; 12 - a bolt connecting the holder, rack and lancet paws; 13 - screw mounting of the distributor; 14 - spring strut; 15 - flexible vas deferens; 16 and 17 - the first (left, figure 2) and second receiver channels; 18 and 19 - transverse and longitudinal partitions of the receiver cavity; 20 and 21 - front and rear inclined sections of the longitudinal partition; 22 and 23 - deflecting shields of the first and second channels of the receiver.

The coulter has a lancet paw 1 (Figs. 1-3), a receiver 2 and a distributor 3 of sowing material, a set of sublap space with left and right flaps 4, to which, in this example, a reflector 5 is attached, tilted back to the direction of movement of the coulter. The distributor 3 has a wedge-shaped shape, in particular in the form of a gable divider. It is installed on the path of exit of the sowing material from the receiver 2 (Fig.1, 4). Under the distributor 3, a space is provided (FIGS. 1, 2) for the flight of particles of seed to be emitted from it until they meet with the reflector 5 and the seed bed.

The receiver 2 is made in the form of a pipe having, in our example (Figs. 1-5), a rectangular, flow-through section. The upper part of the distributor 3 is located in the receiver 2 and has contact with its wall: front 6 (not shown) or rear 7 (Fig.1-4). Opposite, that is, in the first case, the back 7, and in the second (Fig.1-4) - the front 6, and each side 8 of the wall has a passage 9 for sowing material. This U-shaped passage is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinally vertical plane of symmetry of the opener, which is necessary for the high-quality operation of the latter.

Flaps 4 (Figs. 1-4), together with the wings of the paw 1, limiting the under-silt space from above, are fixed below on the side walls 8 of the receiver 2. Between the right and left flaps 4, at the front wall 6 of the receiver 2, a plate 10 is mounted and fastened with them (figure 1, 3), to the front edge of which and to the wall 6 of the receiver 2 is attached a holder 11 connected by two bolts 12 to the shank of the lancet paw 1. The distributor 3, which is in contact with the rear wall 7 of the receiver 2, is detachable to it, in particularly screw connection 13 (Fig.1, 4). The distributor 3 may have a welded structure, and in our example (Fig. 1, 2), it is made of polyamide, for example, grade PA6 210 / 311-15 OST 606-09-83, using a mold, which is rational for large volume of coulter production.

In this example, the opener has a spring strut 14 (Fig. 1), the lower part of which is clamped by bolts 12 between the shank of the lancet paw 1 and the holder 11. The strut 14 is connected to the frame, and the receiver 2 is connected to two flexible vas deferens 15, each of which is connected with seed (grain) and fertilizer sowing devices of a seeder-cultivator (not shown).

To increase the uniformity of the frontal distribution of the seed, when the opener receiver 2 deviates from the longitudinally vertical position to the left or right, for example, when sowing across the slope of the field surface, the following is provided. In the opener, the cavity of the receiver 2 above the distributor 3 is always divided into two adjacent channels: the first (left) 16 and the second 17 (figure 2). In our example (Fig. 1, 2), the cavity of the receiver 2, its upper part, is additionally divided by a transverse partition 18, forming the upper parts of the channels 16 and 17, which are connected respectively to the first and second, in particular to the front and back, vas deferens 15 ( figure 1). The first 16 and second 17 channels are separated from each other by a longitudinal partition 19, the lower part of which is always located above the top of the distributor 3, opposite it (figure 2). These channels of the receiver 2 serve to feed the seed from one, in particular from the front, seed tube 15 to the left side of the distributor 3, and from the other (back) to the right (Fig. 1, 2).

In this example (Figs. 1-5), the upper part of the longitudinal partition 19 has a front 20, inclined to the right (Figs. 1, 2), and a rear 21, inclined to the left, sections adjacent (pressed or attached) to the right and left side, respectively the walls 8 of the receiver 2 (Fig.1-5). The inclined sections 20 and 21 are connected to the transverse partition 18. As a result of the partition 18 and 19 with the inclined sections 20 and 21, the cavity of the receiver 2 is divided into two channels, 16 and 17. In each of these channels there is a deflector plate 22 or 23 fixed under the entrance the corresponding material flow from the upper part of this channel to its lower, left or right part (Figs. 1-5).

The coulter, as part of a seeder-cultivator, operates as follows.

In the working position, the opener (Figs. 1-5) moves in the soil at a predetermined sowing depth. With an arrow paw 1, he cuts the soil layer and weeds, opens the furrow, the bottom of which forms a sowing bed. The soil layer raised by the paw 1, bypasses its shank, stand 14 and the receiver 2 located behind it, resting on the wings of the paw 1 and on the flaps 4 (left and right) 4 (Figs. 1-3).

Sowing material, for example, a mixture of seeds of a grain crop with a starting dose of fat, through the front and rear seed tubes 15 (Fig. 1), that is, two identical flows, enters the upper parts of the first 16 and second 17 channels of receiver 2 (Fig. 1, 2, respectively) , 5). Sliding to the left, along the front 20, and to the right, along the rear 21, inclined sections of the longitudinal partition 19, material flows from the upper parts of the first 16 and second 17 channels are poured into their lower parts. At the same time, they meet deflecting flaps 22 and 23 installed respectively in the first 16 and second 17 channels of the receiver 2 (Figs. 1-5). By diverting the material flows backward, in the first channel 16, and forward, in the second 17, the shields 22 and 23 contribute to an even distribution of material particles over the passage section of the lower part of each channel.

The flows of material of the same intensity and composition, evenly distributed over the sections of the first 16 and second 17 channels, move downward (crumble) respectively to the left and right sides (halves) of the distributor 3. Since the lower edge of the longitudinal partition 21 is located above the top of the distributor 3 (Fig. .4, 5), then, even with lateral deviations of the opener from the vertical, the same material flows indicated above are directed to the left and right sides of the distributor 3. This ensures a symmetrical supply of material relative to the top of the distributor - one of the main conditions for its uniform distribution over the width (along the front) of the strip sowed by the coulter is fulfilled.

Particles of material that meet on their way a distributor 3 attached to the rear wall 7 (Fig.1, 2), slide along its sides and, coming off their concave surfaces, scatter left and right. Meeting the seedbed, these particles are distributed in the peripheral zones of the strip sown by the coulter. Some of them, completing the flight, meet the reflector 5 inclined backward (Fig.1-2), slide along it, slowing down the speed under the action of friction forces, and descend along curved trajectories, distributed on the sowing bed.

Particles of material moving in the first 16 and in the second 17 channels, but not encountered with the distributor 3, through the passage 9 provided at the front wall 6 (Figs. 1, 4), enter the sublap space. Further, these particles meet with the reflector 5 inclined backward (FIGS. 1, 2), interacting with it and with the flaps 4 (in the case of a rebound), are distributed in width. Descending from reflector 5, these particles of material are stacked on the seed bed, evenly distributed in the middle zone, which closes with the considered peripheral zones, providing a uniform strip sown by the coulter, even when the seeder-cultivator is on the slopes.

Material evenly distributed over the width of the seedbed, which is the bottom of the furrow, open by a moving opener, is covered with loose soil layers coming from the arch of the under-ice space, i.e. from the wings of the paw 1 and from the flaps 4 (Figs. 1-3). Behind the coulter, the soil covering the strip sown by it is leveled and compacted by the corresponding working bodies of a seeder-cultivator or other, for example combined, implement for tillage and fertilizing, which uses a coulter.

The work of the coulter of the seeder-cultivator only when sowing or - when making fertilizer is carried out similarly to its work, discussed above.

Other examples of implementation of the claimed opener are possible. In particular, it can be made without a reflector 5 and a plate 10 (FIGS. 1, 3), have a receiver 2, which is simultaneously a rigid rack of a lancet paw 1, connected to the frame of the seeder-cultivator and to the seed tubes 15. The latter can be connected to the receiver 2 through its front 6, rear 7 or side 8 walls. In this case, the receiver 2 may have another device, for example, contain only a longitudinal partition 19 made without inclined sections 20 and 21 (Figs. 2, 5). This is rational when introducing material into the receiver 2 from the vas deferens 15 to the right and left of the named longitudinal septum.

Claims (3)

1. The coulter of the seeder-cultivator, which includes a lancet paw, a receiver and a distributor of seed to be sowed, the distributor having a wedge-shaped shape and installed on the path of exit of the sowing material from the receiver, the cavity of the receiver above the distributor being divided by a longitudinal partition into two channels for feeding the seed from the first channel to one side of the distributor, and from the second to the other, while the lower part of the longitudinal partition is located above the top of the distributor. 2. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity of the receiver is additionally divided by a transverse partition, and the upper part of the longitudinal partition has front and rear sections deflected in opposite directions, each of which is adjacent to the corresponding side wall of the receiver and connected to the transverse partition, forming the upper part of its corresponding channel in the receiver. 3. The opener according to claim 2, characterized in that in each channel of the receiver there is a deflector plate fixed under the inlet of the corresponding material flow from the upper part of this channel to its lower part.

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