RU2366806C1 - Physical effect method used during development of hydrocarbon deposit, and bore-hole plant for method's realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions can be used in mining industry when developing hydrocarbon deposits. Method involves extraction of formation fluid through production wells, action on formations with wave radiations and depression-repression excitations of formation pressure from at least one production and/or injection well, determination of influencing frequencies and control of well formation fluid extraction. According to the invention, during depression-repression excitation of formation pressure from the wells there pre-tested is the formation by recording and analysing signals of its ambient seismic noise according to which and according to hydrodynamic parametres of the formation and composition of the formation fluid there determined are frequency ranges and modes of effective influence, which provide increase of average daily production of oil, decrease of its watercut, decrease of coefficient of suspended particles in produced oil and increase of coefficient of its light absorption. Then there carried out is poly-frequency effect with determined parametres by using simultaneous operation of at least two sources. Depression-repression excitation with the above testing is performed from time to time simultaneously or alternately with poly-frequency effect, and in the formation feedback mode there corrected are effect modes by specifying frequency ranges and by combining radiation sources. Effect is repeated in cycles until the change of formation fluid extraction is stopped. The plant includes a column of oil-well tubing, two tube parts connected to each other, one of which is equipped with mechanical stress concentrator and is fixed, and the other tube part is equipped with a piston and installed with the possibility of back-and-forth movement relative to the fixed tube part. Tube parts are connected coaxially. At that, the fixed tube part is located inside, and consists of at least two in-series connected hollow cylinders of various diametre; at least one of which is equipped with the relay valve that hydraulically connects the cylinder cavity to the well space, and the other one is equipped with a flow control. At that, coaxially connected tube parts are equipped with a water seal, which are installed on in-series connected hollow cylinders of various diametre and connected to the well space and to the inner cavity of the tube part equipped with a piston and, in addition, with a relay valve control drive.

EFFECT: increasing effectiveness of the invention owing to the effect on the formation with physical wave radiations and use of formation self-energy and deposit potential.

25 cl, 2 ex, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil and gas industry and can be used in the mining industry for development processes with increased production of hydrocarbons from deposits and their additional extraction.

There are known methods of development in order to increase oil production by acting on formations both from wells and from the reservoir surface using sources that excite elastic waves in the geological environment (Beresnev IA et aL, "Elastic-wave stimulation of oil production: A review of methods and results ". Geophysics. Vol.59, No.6, June 1994, Simkin E.M. et al. Vibro-wave and vibroseismic methods of influencing oil reservoirs. Overview. Series" Oilfield business ". - M.: VNIIOENG, 1989, p. 15-20). A common main disadvantage of the known methods is the lack of effectiveness of the wave action. This is due to the strong attenuation of the energy of elastic waves during propagation in geological media, the existence of energy thresholds for the occurrence of filtration and other direct effects of the action of elastic vibrations on oil and gas-saturated media. In the main volumes of the reservoir, there are no long-term changes in the saturation fields, and changes in oil production rates in wells are short in time.

There are also known methods of developing flooded oil fields, including exposure to formations using vibroseismic sources from the surface of the reservoir at a previously identified dominant frequency and or at a frequency derived from the identified dominant (RF Patent No. 1596081, IPC ЕВВ 43/00, published in B. I. No. 37, 1990, Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2255212, IPC Е21В 43/16, Е21В 43/25, published in B.I. No. 19. 2005). A disadvantage of the known methods is also the weak efficiency of the wave action, due to the fact that the impact on a single frequency determined in a certain way on the geological environment of the formations does not cause sufficiently powerful and long-term resonant responses with the development of a set of useful effects in the formations with changes in production processes. The natural geological environment of hydrocarbon-rich deposits is a complex system of nested structures of various scale hierarchies, the state of which depends on a combination of external and internal factors and continuously changes over time. The complexity and various spatial and temporal scales of the processes and phenomena occurring in it are also expressed in the response of the layers to external influences - the medium generates secondary radiation, the spectrum of which is not only substantially polyfrequency, but the power frequency distribution itself can constantly change depending on the specific state of the deposit in the development processes, from the time of observation and geoplanetary conditions. The impact on a separate frequency on such real systems does not allow to achieve acute resonance phenomena and appreciable efficiency even in relatively small time intervals.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of developing a hydrocarbon reservoir, which involves the selection of hydrocarbons through wells constant local for two neighboring wells to determine the dominant frequency and the impact of hydro-pulse sources on the reservoir from these wells in a certain period of time at a given frequency (RF Patent No. 2191890, IPC E21B 43/16, published in B.I. No. 30, 2002). The known method for certain frequencies in local areas of the reservoir allows you to influence the rheological properties of the fluids, to cause changes in the mass and component composition of the hydrocarbon fluid in the flows near the wells at limited intervals, but its effectiveness in achieving a combination of large-scale and temporal processes that generally affect phase dynamics of filtration, simultaneously with gas evolution and cracking, providing a long-term influx of additional oil to the wells, weeks residually high.

A well-known installation for oil production and processing of the bottom-hole zone of the well, including a rod pump housing mounted on a column of tubing, having a valve and openings in the upper part. A plunger with a discharge valve is installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the casing on the pump rod string (Popov A.A. Impact impacts on the bottom-hole zone of wells, M .: Nedra, 1990 - pp. 108-109).

A device for creating a shock wave in a liquid in a well is also known (RF Patent No. 2249685, class E21B 43/25, publ. In B.I. No. 2, 2004), containing a rocking chair located on the wellhead equipment, pump a compressor string extending downward into the production casing of the well, a hollow cylinder assembly connected to the bottom of the tubing. Inside the assembly of hollow cylinders is a pair of pistons connected to the rocker by means of pump rods and an stuffing box. The movement of the piston affects the volume of the compression chamber, reducing it. The compressed fluid is discharged into the production casing, resulting in a shock wave.

These devices make it possible to create multiple implosions, pressure disturbances and shock waves in the well fluid during pumping fluid from the well, however, the effectiveness of exposure to radiation and waves of elastic vibrations during their operation on the BFZ and reservoir is small, since the energy of the impact mostly goes to the formation of tube waves along the borehole fluid, and only a small part is transferred to the medium of the bottomhole formation zone and reservoir. In addition, additional substantial loading of the drive elements of the sucker rod pump can cause negative perturbations of the optimal settings for the pumping mode, shortens the overhaul period of the pumps.

A device for wave action on a reservoir is also known (RF Patent No. 2134778, class E21B 43/25, published in B.I. No. 23, 1999), where, to improve the conditions for the transfer of vibrational wave energy from a well during operation of the machine, rocker rod pump introduced anchor, which is installed between the tubing and the casing pipe, and attached to the walls of the tubing and the casing pipe. This invention allows for contact-mechanical processes of creating elastic vibrations to slightly increase the efficiency of transmission of wave energy from the well, but its effectiveness when exposed to the formation is greatly limited by the narrowness of the amplitude-frequency mode of excitation of vibrations, attachment to the operating conditions of the wells by production rate and other parameters.

Closest to the proposed invention is a borehole installation (RF Patent No. 2285788, class ЕВВ 43/18, published in BI No. 29,2006), containing a pump housing with a suction valve located on a string of tubing. A plunger with a discharge valve is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the pump housing. The installation is equipped with an additional column of tubing, consisting of two telescopically connected with the possibility of reciprocating movement of the pipe parts. The upper pipe part, at the lower end of which a centering conical piston is placed, is connected to the pump shank from above. The lower part is installed with emphasis on the bottom of the well, and a collet deflector of mechanical stresses is installed at its upper end.

This invention allows the operation of the sucker rod pump to carry out a wave action on the formation in a certain amplitude-frequency range, but its effectiveness in developing processes in the formation that affect the increase in oil production is not high enough. In addition, it is not intended for use in various categories of wells when exposed to the creation of all the necessary conditions for processing, cleaning and targeted transformation of the environment of the PPP wells.

The objective of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the method and the downhole installation during the development of the reservoir with an increase in production and additional recovery of oil by targeted simultaneous exposure to the required frequencies of physical wave radiation when the most complete development of the set of beneficial effects of changing the fluid-dynamic state of the reservoir as in its volume , and in time, using its own reservoir energy and reservoir potential, as well as expanding the functionality s way of features and settings.

To solve the problem in a known method, including the selection of formation fluid through production wells, exposure to formations by wave radiation and depression-repressive perturbations of formation pressure from at least one production and / or injection well, determining the frequency of exposure and regulating the selection of formation fluid from wells, according to the invention, in case of a depression-repression disturbance of the reservoir pressure, the formation is tested from the wells with recording and analysis the signals of its seismic-acoustic emission, which, as well as the hydrodynamic parameters of the formation and the composition of the formation fluid, determine the frequency ranges and modes of effective exposure, providing an increase in average daily oil production, lowering its water cut, decreasing the coefficient of suspended particles in the produced oil and increasing its light absorption coefficient, then produce a polyfrequency effect with the identified parameters using the simultaneous operation of at least two sources, with In this case, simultaneously or alternately with a polyfrequency impact, a depression-repression perturbation is periodically carried out with the above testing and in the feedback mode with the formation, the regimes of exposure are adjusted, specifying frequency ranges and combining radiation sources, and the effect is cyclically repeated until the change in the selection of formation fluid is stopped.

In conditions when the filtration in the bottom-hole zones of formations (FZP) is hampered by reduced permeability, significant vertical and radial heterogeneity of rock permeability, to increase the coverage, reduce the filtration resistance of the PZP and create favorable conditions for regulating the flow of formation fluid into the wells, intensify fracturing processes and develop existing cracks and / or create new ones by sequentially flushing wells at the stages of circulation or outflow and injection into the reservoir t working fluid. As the working fluid can be used oil, oil acid emulsion and / or at least one rim of chemicals, for example solutions of surfactants, acids, alkalis and hydrocarbon solvents.

When implementing the method for the periodic creation of depression-repression disturbances, it is possible to use the processes of pumping the well fluid with jet pumps and / or adjust the density of the working fluid in the processes of aeration and foaming and / or by selective narrowing of the well space.

If necessary, in severely complicated filtration conditions, the formation that is opened by the well is hydrodynamically isolated, the magnitude of the repression perturbation is increased, for example, by increasing the pressure and flow rate of the injection fluid into the formation, up to the formation pressure of the formation rupture, after which a fixing agent, such as proppant and / or insulating and blocking emulsions, solutions and / or emulsions of high viscosity reagents.

In order to create optimal conditions for oil inflow from a reservoir under conditions of a multilayer reservoir opening by a well, testing is preliminarily performed at all productive intervals, then a polyfrequency effect of elastic vibrations on the bottom-hole zone is performed simultaneously or alternately with the creation of depression-repression disturbances and injections of functional working fluids, repeat the test and according to its results, select the interval of the reservoir, hydrodynamically isolate it and produce a hydraulic fracture layer. Due to the pulse-dilatation effect, changes in reservoir properties (porosity, permeability, fracturing) occur at a considerable depth of the formation along its radius, and a synergistic proppant arises, as a result of which the effectiveness of the action increases.

To solve the problems, depending on specific conditions and expand the functionality of the impact, elastic waves and / or electromagnetic and / or thermal waves are used as radiation.

At the same time, in order to achieve maximum coverage by the impact on the totality of reservoir phenomena and processes, sources are used as poly-frequency impact sources, in the frequency spectrum of which, along with the dominant frequency, there are additional harmonics with frequencies different from the dominant one. These can be harmonics with lower and / or higher frequencies, identical and / or phase shifted.

For the same purposes, as well as to achieve the maximum depth of polyfrequency impact, borehole sources are used, based on hydraulic vortex processes in the borehole fluid flows, on mechano-hydraulic shock processes of interruption of the flow, on electromechanical processes, on contact-gravity creation of dilatational wave disturbances of the reservoir Wednesday.

In order to maintain optimal conditions for the displacement of hydrocarbon fluid by reservoir feedback in the feedback mode, the injection of the displacing agent into the surrounding wells is controlled simultaneously with the regulation of formation fluid selection. At the same time, in order to achieve the most favorable conditions for oil displacement, simultaneously and / or alternately with wave radiation from wells, a cyclical change in the directions and rates of fluid filtration is created in the reservoir and / or a wave effect is exerted on the reservoir from the day surface.

The problem is also solved by the fact that in the well-known downhole installation for physical impact when developing a hydrocarbon reservoir including a tubing string, two connected pipe parts, one of which is equipped with a stress concentrator and is stationary, and the other pipe part is equipped with a piston and is installed with the possibility reciprocating movement relative to the stationary pipe part, according to the invention, the pipe parts are connected coaxially, while the stationary pipe part is located the wife inside consists of at least two hollow cylinders of different diameters connected in series, at least one of which is equipped with a relay valve, hydraulically connecting the cylinder cavity with the borehole, and the other is equipped with a flow regulator, while the pipe parts are coaxially connected equipped with hydraulic locks mounted on serially connected hollow cylinders of different diameters, connected with the borehole space and with the internal cavity of the pipe part equipped with a piston and an additional on the drive to control the valve relay.

It is advisable to install an elastic wave emitter on the piston of the pipe part for more efficient transmission of vibrational energy to the borehole walls, and in the form of at least one spring-loaded pusher connected to a part of the surface of the hollow cylinder, which can be equipped with a series of annular grooves or protrusions.

The energy from the existing pressure differential on the flow regulator can be partially or fully used to form hydraulic shock pressure pulses, for this it is advisable to provide the flow regulator with a pulsating device and at least one pulsating nozzle connected in series with a centrifugal nozzle and with a cavity with elasticity, as well as at least one constant flow nozzle. In this case, it is advisable to install the nozzles coaxially with the common axis of rotation, and displace the pulsating nozzle relative to the nozzle with a constant flow rate downstream so that a constant flow reduces the pressure in the pulsating nozzle, reducing the inertial resistance of the medium to the pulsating flow in order to maintain stable oscillations in a wider range pressure drops.

For more efficient use of shock loads that occur during the reciprocating movement of the pipe parts relative to each other, as well as during the operation of the emitter of elastic waves, it is advisable to direct part of the energy propagating along the well installation through a stress concentrator with adjustable static voltage to the hard bottom of the well . In order to avoid losses due to the expected from static stresses curvatures of the stationary pipe part and / or tubing during the transfer of elastic energy to the bottom of the well, the installation can be equipped with at least one packer and / or centralizer. If it is necessary to transfer part of the elastic energy to the borehole walls from the stress concentrator without focusing on the bottom, it is advisable to provide it with at least one centralizer. For more efficient localization of alternating hydrodynamic loads in the impact zone, when operating a well installation, it is advisable to install at least one packer on a fixed pipe part or tubing string.

In order to control the hydrostatic pressure in the operating area of the well installation, a jet pump with a non-return valve can be installed above the packer. When using the energy of the flow of the fluid produced by the well, to activate the well installation, the tubing string can be connected to a downhole pump. It is advisable to spring the tubular part, equipped with a piston and actuator for controlling the valve relay, to return to its original position relative to the stationary tubular part.

By means of an adjustable gap between hydraulic locks installed on serially connected hollow cylinders of different diameters, it is possible to adjust the speed of the pipe part equipped with a piston and an actuator to control the relay valve, which, in turn, will depend on the pressure of the working fluid supplied to the adjustable clearance .

The above-mentioned distinguishing features from the prototype of the proposed method and well installation determine the emergence of a new quality of physical impact, which provides not only the most complete coverage of the reservoir effects and processes for the maximum development of fluid dynamics processes with the initiation of new filtration fields in the volume of the reservoir, for inflow to wells with an increase oil production and oil recovery, but also maintaining these processes over a long period of development with maximum adaptation of the regimes of influence to concomitant temporary changes in the geological environment under the influence of external and internal factors.

Productive fractured-porous, highly stressed, oil and gas-saturated media of hydrocarbon deposits as a result of the genesis and permanently occurring internal thermodynamic processes have their spatial, temporal and functional structure and are endowed with the qualities of “self-organizing systems”. The main fundamental properties of such systems, which determine their functioning and response mechanisms to external influences, are openness, nonlinearity, dissipativity and nonequilibrium. The constant exchange of strata of energy and matter with the environment causes unstable states in the strata. As a result of this, a nonlinear, dissipative mountain formation medium is in a set of interconnected metastable equilibrium states that are constantly changing at different spatial and temporal scales. These states arise at the microlevels of the organization of the geological environment and are associated with the specific configuration of the surface of the solid phase, with the physicochemical interaction of fluids with the surface of the mineral “skeleton” and with each other, with a transition to higher levels in the processes of formation of a new surface, phase redistribution, precipitation free gas and due to the distribution of fields of mechanical stresses, fracture, phase saturation.

Various processes and phenomena occurring in nonlinear reservoir media have a threshold character - with a smooth change in external conditions, the state changes abruptly. Even relatively weak disturbances can be greatly enhanced. In this case, a set of interconnected metastable states determines the current frequency spectrum of the response of the reservoir medium to external action by wave radiation, its frequency with a set of certain dominant frequencies.

The considered functionalities of reservoir environments completely determine the main requirements for the most effective impact, which is provided by the proposed features and operations of the method.

The wave action proposed by the method is the most energy-informative - multifrequency, focused on the real spectrum of metastable states of the formation medium in a particular place and time, while the effect most fully takes into account temporary changes occurring in the layers under the influence of internal and external factors (including under the influence of the effect itself), i.e. “training” of the polyfrequency wave action is carried out for a sufficiently long time according to the information coming from the formation, according to its constant testing. The testing is based on full-scale information coming from both volumetric remote processes of environmental change, for example, on the analysis of the wave seismic-acoustic response from the reservoir, and from local sections of the bottom-hole zones during hydrodynamic testing from wells.

That is why this multifrequency effect, even significantly remotely attenuated by the processes of wave divergence, scattering and absorption, is a constant external “push-factor” that violates the overall structural set of metastable states, with the formation medium becoming excited and the release of high intrinsic energy of mountain stresses environment, with the generation of secondary radiation.

Under the influence of this polyfrequency effect, hysteretic phenomena of gas evolution, wettability and crack formation develop in a geological formation environment, which provide enhanced oil recovery of productive formations.

In this case, at the micro level, an abrupt redistribution of the stress state of the medium occurs with the formation of additional fracturing, the movement of the fluid separation fronts is initiated, which is also enhanced by the abrupt filling of the resulting voids-cracks with the fluid. In saturation discontinuities of the densified zones, capillary impregnation processes are sharply initiated and intensified, isolated fluid clusters are mobilized, their viscosity is reduced, pressure differences between low- and high-permeability blocks are realized, and filtration processes are activated and accelerated.

The best results of this multifrequency effect are achieved by combining borehole sources, each of which is quite complete, with the presence in the emission spectrum in addition to the fundamental frequency of harmonics of higher or lower frequencies, the same and / or phase shifted, covering one of the required frequency ranges. The work of these sources is implemented in the inventive installation. When implementing the inventive well installation, the problem of increasing the efficiency of transferring vibrational energy from the well to the formation is also solved.

In this case, we consider waves of elastic vibrations as wave radiation, bearing in mind that similar processes occur in the layers when the waves are subjected to other physical radiation.

When exposed to the abnormal zones existing in many deposits: fluid-stagnant areas of arches, areas of the wings of reservoir structures, zones of discontinuities with displacements, zones of closure with increased mechanical stress of rocks, etc., as well as anomalous zones of inversion ring structures formed by inconsistent overlapping of various types of deposits age, which penetrate deep into the reservoirs, additional hydrocarbons are extracted from the reservoir and the zones of productive deposits are saturated with hydrocarbons coming from the depths natural fluids. Moreover, these zones are determined by the SLBO or SLOE methods developed by the Institute of New Oil and Gas Technologies of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.

The physical effect on the anomalous zones in geological reservoir environments under the conditions of manifestation of geoplanetary factors, such as tides, is most effective.

Improving the efficiency of the proposed downhole installation is achieved by ensuring coordinated operation in the optimal mode of several sources of elastic waves, the possibility of combining and controlling them both during treatment of the bottom-hole formation zone in combination with injection of reagents, and during continuous operation of the well, controlling the depth of impact, and also increasing the power of elastic impact at the same energy consumption when processing deeper wells.

The method is as follows.

The physical impact of wave radiation during development for its intended purpose can be carried out on large volumes of hydrocarbon deposits, as well as on parts of the deposits and its near-well zones. Moreover, in order to achieve maximum results, it is preferable to stage the impact with useful energy costs first in the near-wellbore zones with further spread over the reservoir with a longer exposure time.

Preparatory work is carried out on the hydrocarbon deposit to clarify the geological features of the occurrence of productive formations, the distribution of zones of natural fracturing, and zones of increased activity are determined by seismic acoustic emission. The location of the most preferred objects of influence is determined with the identification of stagnant zones not covered by the process of crowding out the area of the reservoir and wells, the drainage zones of which are associated with these zones, are determined. If necessary, drill additional wells. In the selected wells, field geophysical surveys are carried out, core studies are performed on these wells and properties of formation fluids.

Wells are selected and equiped for impact. Depending on the type of well, the specific stage and the nature of the physical impact in the wells, an installation is installed to implement the method and the associated standard oilfield equipment. Also, components of a hardware-measuring complex created by the authors for testing by the method are installed in the wells.

Previously, depression-repression disturbances of the reservoir pressure are created in the wells, testing is carried out with recording and analysis of seismic acoustic emission signals coming from the reservoir, and the hydrodynamic parameters of the bottom-hole zones and the composition of the extracted reservoir fluid are tested. In this case, the signal analysis uses the methodology of the authors of the present invention, which uses methods for analyzing nonlinear dynamic processes, a mathematical apparatus for fractal analysis, wavelet analysis with reconstruction of phase dynamic state patterns of “strange attractors” of the medium, analysis of the dynamics of energy storage of acoustic signals in real time and etc. Also, the analysis at the preliminary stage includes a complex of computer calculations using the Monte Carlo method of spatial-energy Cesky disturbing distribution of stresses in the layers and the objects influence in the excitation of elastic waves or pulses of the selected wells based private seismic activity mining environment reservoirs. Based on the analysis, the frequency ranges of the polyfrequency exposure are determined and the energy parameters of the excitation required to reach the threshold values of the vibrational amplitude parameters in the required zones of the formation are estimated.

According to the obtained parameters, the well installation is set up with the task of at least two sources working simultaneously. When the installation is operating in a borehole fluid, pore and channels of the near-wellbore zone experience pulsed hydrodynamic and oscillatory processes with the operation of various sources of excitation of elastic waves in the surrounding geological environment. At the same time produce a polyfrequency effect on the reservoir. Periodically, simultaneously with polyfrequency exposure or during shutdowns of well installations, work is carried out to create depression-repression disturbances and testing with the current recording and analysis, as a result of which frequency ranges and modes of polyfrequency effects are adjusted with the regulation of pumping fluid through the installations, and the sources of exposure are combined. These operations according to the method are carried out for a certain optimal time, then stop.

The physical effect of the method is cyclically repeated until the change in the selection of reservoir fluid from the wells ceases.

In more detail, the implementation of the method is shown in the description of the operation of the well installation. The advantages, as well as the features of the proposed downhole installation are explained by the best options for its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings, which schematically depict a longitudinal section of the inventive installation.

Figure 1 schematically shows a downhole installation for physical impact, which works from the energy of the flow of the working fluid with pressure regulation from the wellhead pumping unit: a) without focusing the stress concentrator on the bottom; b) with emphasis on the concentrator of mechanical stresses on the face.

Figure 2 schematically shows a downhole installation for physical impact, working on the part of the energy consumed from the pressure pumped into the reservoir working fluid.

Figure 3 schematically shows a downhole installation for physical impact, working on the part of the energy consumed from the pressure produced using a rod or electric centrifugal deep pumps.

Figure 4 schematically shows a downhole installation for physical impact, working on the part of the energy consumed from the pressure of the gushing well fluid.

The installation can be performed both in the form of a separate compact device, and in the form of its components, alternating with elements of downhole equipment.

The downhole installation consists of tubing string 1 lowered into the borehole space with two hollow cylinders of different diameters 2, 3 connected in series with it, and a stress concentrator 4. Using movable hydraulic locks 5, 6, the hollow cylinders are connected to a movable pipe part 7 provided with a piston 8 and an actuator 9 for controlling a relay valve 10 mounted on a hollow cylinder. In the internal cavity of the cylinder, a flow regulator 11 is installed, which alternatively contains a pulsating device 12 and connects the cylinder cavities with the borehole using the supply hole 13, and the internal cavity of the movable pipe part with the help of the hole 14. An elastic wave emitter 15 is mounted on the piston. for the isolation of a part of the borehole space, a packer 16 is installed, and the radial displacements of the installation in the borehole space are controlled by centralizers 17. In a particular case of using the borehole installation, There is a jet pump with a non-return valve 18 installed in the packer, and a spring 19 is installed to ensure the installation returns to its original position.

Installation in figure 1, and works as follows.

A pre-assembled installation is lowered into the borehole space on the tubing string 1 so that the supply hole 13 coincides with the interval of the treated formation. In this case, the stress concentrator 4 is installed without emphasis on the bottom, for example, in cases where the bottom is far away from the reservoir, the borehole is not isolated by the packer 16, and the installation position in the borehole is regulated by centralizers 17. In this case, the concentrator can be equipped with deflectors. Then, using the wellhead pumping unit, the mode of circulation of the working fluid through the tubing string 1, the internal cavities of the cylinders 2, 3, the flow regulator 11 and the pulsating device 12, the supply hole 13, the borehole, the wellhead and then back to the pumping unit are established. The magnitude of the pressure of the working fluid pumped through the installation is determined by the flow regulator 11, the pulsating device 12 of which begins to generate elastic oscillations in the borehole through the flow hole 13. The flow pressure through the hole 14 due to the difference in the area of the movable hydraulic locks 5, 6 provides upward movement of the movable pipe part 7, equipped with a piston 8 and an actuator 9 for controlling the valve-relay 10, driving the emitter of elastic waves 15 and creating an alternating pressure front above and below the piston 8.

The upward movement of the movable pipe part 7 continues until the actuator 9, with its lower stop, hits the valve-relay assembly 10, controlling the opening of its openings connecting the internal cavities of the cylinders 2, 3 with the borehole space and bleeding off the pressure of the working fluid in these cavities. The mechanical impact force of the actuator 9, depending on the pressure of the fluid, the sharp opening of the valve relay 10 and its openings are accompanied by the formation of voltage pulses in the borehole space. Bleeding the liquid through the open hole of the valve-relay 10 and the flow regulator 11 leads to a sharp decrease in pressure, provided that the flow from the wellhead pump unit is maintained.

Under the action of gravity or the force of the compressed spring 19, which exceeds the pressure force by the difference in the areas of the hydraulic locks 5, 6, the moving parts of the installation move to their original position, accompanied by the work of the elastic wave emitter 15 and the pressure front in front of the piston 8. The movement continues until until the actuator 9 with its upper stop hits the valve-relay assembly 10, controlling the closure of its openings connecting the internal cavities of the cylinders 2, 3 with the borehole space. In this case, it is possible to unload the mass of the movable pipe part 7 through a piston 8 to a mechanical stress concentrator 4 to form a voltage pulse on it. Abrupt closure of the valve-relay 10 as well as its opening is accompanied by a pressure pulse in the borehole space.

Provided that the pump unit changes the flow rate of the pumped liquid, it is possible to carry out controlled combination of radiating devices. When the flow rate increases, the movable pipe part 7 is delayed in the upper position and intense flow pulsations in the pulsating device 12 are accompanied by pressure fluctuations in the borehole space of increased amplitude. By periodically changing the flow rate from the pump unit, it is possible to combine the operation of the pulsating device 12 and the emitter of elastic waves 15, the frequency range of which varies with the speed of movement of the tube part 7, which in turn depends on the force of the pressure of the working fluid supplied through the hole 14 and the mass of the moving parts of the installation. A change in the speed of movement of the tubular part 7 affects the frequency of the reciprocating cycles and the change in the magnitude of alternating pressures in the borehole during the movement of the piston 8. Keeping the flow rate of the working fluid constant, we connect the pulsating device 12, the emitter of elastic waves 15, create voltage pulses when opening and closing the relay valve 10. In all cases of reciprocating movement of the movable pipe part 7, we form an alternating pressure front above and below its piston 8.

For exposure to elastic waves at more intense hydraulic differences in the pressure of the working fluid to create depression-repression perturbations, as well as to create dilatation-wave perturbations of the formation medium, the stress concentrator 4 is unloaded onto a hard face (Fig. 1, b) with an adjustable static load and is isolated using packer 16 interval selected reservoir. With this option, it is possible to install a jet pump with a non-return valve 18 above the packer 16. The installation allows, simultaneously with the action of elastic vibrations, the injection of functional working fluids with an increased flow rate and pressure in magnitude comparable to the pressure value during hydraulic fracturing, as well as adjusting the level of the selected reservoir fluid. When pumping the working fluid into the reservoir, the check valve of the jet pump 18 is closed, which allows you to isolate the borehole above the packer 16 from the effects of excess fluid pressure. The movable pipe part 7, making reciprocating movements, activates, in addition to the above-mentioned radiating devices, the mechanism for transmitting shock pulses that occur when the moving parts of the installation are stopped through a stress stress concentrator 4 to the bottom of the well. An increase in the flow rate of the working fluid into the formation, associated with the formation of cracks, brings the moving parts of the installation to its highest position with the opening of the valve-relay 10 openings, which reduces the pressure loss of the fluid moving through the installation into the formation cracks. When selecting formation fluid from the borehole space, the working fluid from the wellhead pumping unit is fed into the borehole above the packer 16, enters the jet pump with a check valve 18 and through the tubing string 1, the wellhead returns to the pumping unit, pumping out the formation fluid through the installation.

The constant mobility of the parts of the installation, shock loads and the operation of various types of emitters of elastic waves, as well as the periodic opening of additional holes, make it possible to clean the stagnant zones of both parts of the installation and the adjacent walls of the casing of the well, freeing the latter from deposits of salts and mechanical impurities.

The downhole installation in figure 2 when using the energy consumed from the pressure pumped into the reservoir working fluid, operates as follows.

On the tubing string 1, the pre-assembled installation is lowered into the borehole space so that the supply hole 13 coincides with the interval of the treated formation. In this case, the stress concentrator 4 is unloaded onto the hard face with an adjustable static load and the interval of the selected formation is isolated with the help of packer 16, and the installation position in the borehole is regulated with the help of a centralizer 17 and packer 16. The working fluid pumped from the pumping station through the tubing string 1 enters the internal cavity of the cylinders 2, 3 through the flow regulator 11 and the pulsating device 12, the flow hole 13, the borehole space, and is pumped into the reservoir. The amount of energy consumed from the pressure of the working fluid injected into the formation is determined by the flow regulator 11, the pulsating device 12 of which begins to generate elastic vibrations in the borehole through the flow hole 13. The reciprocating movements of the moving parts of the installation trigger the above-described mechanisms of emission of elastic waves .

Installation in figure 3 when using the energy consumed from the pressure produced using a deep pump (sucker rod or electric centrifugal) formation fluid, works as follows.

A pre-assembled installation is lowered into the borehole space on the tubing string 1 so that the supply hole 13 coincides with the interval of the treated formation. At the same time, the stress concentrator 4 is unloaded onto the hard face with adjustable static load and the interval of the selected formation is isolated with the help of packer 16, and the installation position in the borehole space is controlled by centralizer 17 and packer 16. The operation of the deep pump is accompanied by the selection of formation fluid. The magnitude of the pressure loss is determined by the flow controller 11, creating excess pressure in the borehole space. Due to the force determined by the pressure drop across the flow regulator 11 and the difference in the areas of the hydraulic locks 5, 6, the moving parts of the installation are set in motion, starting the above-described mechanisms of emission of elastic waves. When using a sucker rod pump, operating from the pumping unit drive and reciprocating the plunger of the pump, compression and tension pulses occur in the tubing string 1, which are transmitted through the installation and its mechanical stress concentrator 4 to the bottom of the well or its wall.

When using part of the energy produced by the fountain method of reservoir fluids (Fig. 4), the mechanism of emission of elastic waves is similar to that described above.

An example of the method

Selected on the basis of preparatory work for the implementation of the method, the section of the oil field includes 2 injection and 14 production wells. A diagram of the deposit site is shown in FIG. 5. The objects of development are sandstone strata of the terrigenous sequence of the Lower Carboniferous (TTNK). The average oil-saturated thickness of the strata is 0.78-2.19 m, and the porosity is 0.17-0.23. Permeability varies from 0.08 μm ² to 1.43 μm ² . The oil density in the conditions of bedding of the layers is 879.0-908.0 kg / m ³ , the viscosity is 13-34 MPa · s, the saturation pressure is 7.1 MPa. Depths to the top of the strata are 1240-1310 m. The water cut of the products of the deposit section by TTNK is -42%.

The average daily current oil production in the area is 69.9 tons / day, the average injectivity of injection wells is 16 m ³ / day, the average production rate of oil wells is 4.9 tons / day. Production wells are operated using a sucker rod pump.

Distribution by water cut: 3 wells produce water cut from 13.9 to 16.4%, 7 wells - from 20.6 to 45.7%, 4 - from 70.2 to 96.8%.

An arrangement of the site and preparatory work were carried out. A set of laboratory tests was carried out for core materials and samples of reservoir fluids collected at the site.

At the beginning of the implementation of the method in injection wells 1 and 2, after knocking down the faces, flushing and stemming, the downhole installation (hereinafter UKHV) was lowered onto the tubing, above which packers with anchors were installed on the pipes. Wellhead fittings were tied with pumping units of the SIN-35 type and through a mixer with acidic units. The receiving hoses of the pumping units were taken to a technological tank with a volume of about 30 m ³ with working fluid (process water with the addition of surfactants). Pumping of the working fluid was carried out in changing modes: pumping unit - tubing - UKVS - annular space - technological capacity - pumping unit (according to the scheme in figure 1, a);

Packer planting with an emphasis of FFM on the face - fluid injection into the reservoir - fluid withdrawal from the reservoir (according to Scheme 1, b). At the same time, the formation was tested with recording of seismic acoustic emission (SAE) signals coming from the formation using a hardware-measuring complex, including acoustic transducers of the DN- (3,4) -M1 type, signal amplification devices, VSHV-003-M3, analog-to-digital converters (ADC) E-330, a portable computer with a special software package.

The hydrodynamic parameters of the bottom-hole zones of wells 1 and 2 were also tested to assess their hydraulic conductivity and injectivity. Figure 6 shows the spectrum of the SAE signal and the pressure recovery coefficient (HPC) for well 1. The change in hydraulic conductivity was estimated by the angle of inclination of the HPC plot to the abscissa axis. The injectivity of the formation was determined using an ultrasonic flow meter type "DNEPR". In the selected samples, the coefficient of suspended particles was determined - 200 mg / l and the coefficient of light absorption - 48.3 cm ^-1 . As a result of testing, the injectivity of wells 1 and 2 was 50 m ³ / day and 80 m ³ / day, respectively, at 10 MPa. The dominant frequency ranges were determined from the spectrum of the SAE signal of the wellbores 1 and 2: (5-35 Hz); (10-300 Hz); (200-700 Hz) for well 1; (25-50 Hz); (70-100 Hz); (500-800 Hz) for well 2. Using VSW-003-M3, the amplitude impact mode was determined to achieve threshold values in the medium of vibrational displacements ≈0.6 μm with vibrational acceleration ≈0.3 m / s ² .

According to the obtained parameters, the impact mode was determined, for which the required flow-pressure mode of pumping fluid through the well installation was chosen: for a well 1-50 m ³ / day at 13 MPa; for a well 2-80 m ³ / day at 13 MPa, which provides combined radiation from a well installation in the ranges: (20-30 Hz); (450-500 Hz); (750-800 Hz) - for well 1; (50-100 Hz); (500-800 Hz) - for well 2. Water conduits were connected to the wells (Fig. 2) for pumping fluid through the reservoir into the reservoir.

At the same time, in production wells 7 and 13 (Fig. 3), the sucker rod pumps were reequipped - the pump shanks were connected using tubing with a UKVS with discharge to an artificial cemented face. Further, during the operation of sucker rod pumps with fluid withdrawal from wells, dilatation-wave disturbances were created in the reservoir in the low-frequency range.

After 25 days, injection wells 1 and 2 were stopped, the pump unit was connected and a depressive-repression effect was performed with testing. As a result of the analysis of the signal of the SAE formations, their frequency spectra were determined. The high-frequency component disappeared in the spectrum of the SAE signal of well 1 (Fig. 7, a), and the spectrum of the signal of well 2 did not change significantly. As a result of testing the hydrodynamic parameters (to reduce the angle of pressure drop), an increase in the hydraulic conductivity (Fig. 7, b) of the well 1 was established. The hydroconductivity of the well 2 did not change significantly. According to the test results, in the feedback mode, the frequency ranges of the radiation sources were adjusted and combined for well 1. The feedback mode is carried out in the conditions of continuous monitoring of the operating parameters of the FFM. To do this, by adjusting the flow-pressure mode of pumping fluid through the VHF, we tuned its frequency range of radiation in accordance with the frequency spectrum of the reservoir’s SAE, with the pumping flow being optimally matched with the injectivity. As a result, the VHF was tuned to operate in two frequency ranges (5-15 Hz) and (100-300 Hz) when pumping liquid through it with a flow rate of 40 m ³ / day and a discharge pressure of 12 MPa. Since when testing the parameters in well 2 no significant changes were observed, the exposure modes remained unchanged. Wells 1 and 2 (FIG. 2) were connected with water conduits with a fluid injection pressure of 12 MPa for well 1 and a pumping pressure of 13 MPa for well 2. Then, well operation was resumed under conditions of polyfrequency exposure.

In this mode, the operation of the site with physical impact was carried out for 1.5 months. As a result, after this period of time, the average daily oil production in the area increases to 93.6 tons (by 34%), while the weighted water cut in the area decreased by 17%, the coefficient of suspended particles decreased to 50 mg / l, and the light absorption coefficient increased to 60.1 cm ^-1 , which indicates the involvement of stagnant peripheral zones in the development.

Example 2 of the method in the conditions of opening wells multilayer deposits

The production well reveals productive carbonate formations of the Osinsky horizon, the Bilir formation at intervals of 1370–1377 m, 1389–1393 m and 1399–1410 m. The well is cased with a production string of 168 mm with an artificial bottom of 1434 m. Perforation PK-105N-GP at 20 holes / running meters According to the technical condition, the column is tight at the beginning of processing, the reservoir pressure is 8.5 MPa (according to the GDI interpretation), the flow rate is 52 m ³ / day (according to the results of development, monitoring of the inflow, the nozzle is 6 mm). By definition of the inflow profiles after drilling, only the interval 1389-1393 m was mastered. The remaining intervals do not work.

Conducted preparatory work: flushing the wellbore, patterning, etc.

Then, with the use of a hardware-measuring complex, simultaneously with the operations of removing the HLR and HPC, RGD-5, the formation was pre-tested with the recording of seismic acoustic emission signals, the composition of the formation fluid and the hydrodynamic parameters were determined from the intervals of the formation. Based on the test results, we determined the frequency ranges - (15–25 Hz), (250–350 Hz) and (600–750 Hz) and amplitude modes of exposure upon reaching threshold vibrational displacements in the medium of ≈0.8 μm with vibrational acceleration of ≈0.28 m / s ² .

Then, the UKVS was lowered into the well on the tubing with the technical characteristics of the radiating elements tuned according to the data obtained, in an arrangement with packers. Elements of a hardware-measuring complex were also installed on tubing pipes. The supply hole UKVS installed at a depth of 1405 m (without installing packers). Wellhead fittings were tied with a return and pressure line for parallel operation of SIN-31 pumping units, using manifold modules, a mixing unit, and technological tanks.

With the inclusion of pumping units and with the circulation of the working fluid through the tubing - UKVS - annular space - technological capacity - pumping units with a flow rate of 7-8 l / s performed a polyfrequency impact on the reservoir for 1 hour.

Next, the working fluid was pumped in cyclic modes: when the annular space was closed at the mouth with the pressure in the reservoir at a pressure not exceeding 11.5 MPa for 10-15 minutes, followed by the opening of the annulus, outflow from the reservoir and subsequent circulation of fluid with with a flow rate of 7-8 l / s for 15-30 minutes, with repetition of cycles, crushing - pouring 3 times. At the same time, the formation was tested at all productive intervals with the recording of seismic-acoustic emission signals (during pump shutdown periods), the determination of injectivity and the analysis of formation fluid samples. According to the results of the analysis, the frequency ranges of exposure were changed - (5-15 Hz) and (100-200 Hz).

They repressed the reservoir at the same time as the multifrequency mode of circulation by limiting the flow rate of fluid flowing from the well through the annulus and increasing the injection pressure in the tubing to 14-17 MPa, increasing the bottomhole pressure by 4-7 MPa for 15 minutes, followed by full opening annular valve and continued circulation with a spout from the reservoir for 30 minutes

With the rise of the tubing pipes, the flow hole of the well installation was installed at the level of 1374 m and the above-described operations for polyfrequency exposure were performed together with depression or repression for 1.5 hours.

Isolation of the interval 1370-1377 m by landing packers. They connected a pressure line, pump units and acid units in parallel to them. They made a pressure test with a pressure of 21 MPa. An oil rim of 0.5 m ^{3 was} pumped, then a rim of 2 m ^{3 of} acid was added with an acid aggregate. Then, an oil acid emulsion of 8 m ^{3 was} pumped at P = 20 MPa, then oil 4,5 m ^{3 was} then pushed into the formation, then 4,5 m ³ water at a pressure of P = 18 MPa. After reacting (2 hours) and stabilizing the reservoir pressure, the formation was tested.

These operations were repeated, starting with the reinstallation of the supply hole UKVS at the level of 1405 and isolation of the interval 1399-1410 m.

According to the test results, an interval of 1399-1410 m was chosen for hydraulic fracturing. After connecting additional pumping units, an MS-60 mixing unit, additional piping with a manifold module and tanks for flushing fluid and fracturing fluid, the assembled line was crimped. After the injection of oil-acid emulsion into the formation with the sale of oil, then the fracturing fluid, the injection pressure rose to 34 MPa - the crack opening process began. An XL gel obtained by adding a complex of polymers and reagents to water was used as a fracturing fluid. After 30.5 m ^{3 of the} fracturing fluid was injected, the injection pressure dropped to 25 MPa, after which the mixture was pumped with a proppant concentration of 100 kg / m ³ in a volume of 42.6 m ³ , of which Karbolayt 16/20 was used. Total used 3.5 tons of proppant. Then they squeezed water treated with a surfactant solution in a volume of 70 m ³ .

Packers were disrupted and underground equipment was removed with the installation of the airborne firefighter. The well was washed from the proppant that had settled on the face and, after the production equipment was launched, was put into operation. Three days later, geophysical studies showed a uniform flow of oil over all three productive intervals with a total flow rate of 150 m ³ / day of formation fluid.

The use of the invention can significantly increase the efficiency of hydrocarbon production processes, the quality of well treatments by optimizing the physical impact on the formation, maximizing the use of its beneficial effects and the reservoir’s own potential while reducing energy costs, labor costs, expanding the conditions of applicability of the impact in complicated conditions for developing hydrocarbon deposits. In addition, the invention can be effectively used in wells with high scaling. The invention can be effectively used in the mining industry for exposure to extract gas and other minerals.

Claims (25)

1. The method of physical impact in the development of a hydrocarbon reservoir, including the selection of reservoir fluid through production wells, the treatment of reservoirs by wave radiation and depression-repressive disturbances of reservoir pressure from at least one production and / or injection well, determination of the frequency of exposure and regulation of selection formation fluid from the wells, characterized in that prior to the depression-repression perturbation of the reservoir pressure from the wells, the plas is tested and with the recording and analysis of signals of its seismic-acoustic emission, according to which, as well as by the hydrodynamic parameters of the formation and the composition of the formation fluid, frequency ranges and regimes of effective exposure are determined to ensure an increase in average daily oil production, a decrease in its water cut, a decrease in the coefficient of suspended particles in the produced oil and an increase the coefficient of its light absorption, then produce a polyfrequency effect with the identified parameters using the simultaneous operation of at least two x sources at the same time or alternately with polyfrequency exposure periodically carried depression-repressionnoe perturbation of the above testing and in feedback mode with the formation corrected modes of action, specifying the frequency bands and combining radiation sources, and the impact cyclically repeated until the termination of change sampling formation fluid. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they intensify the processes of crack formation, develop existing cracks and / or create new ones by sequentially carrying out washing operations at the stages of circulation or outflow and injection into the formation of a working fluid. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the periodic creation of a depression-repression disturbance, the processes of pumping the well fluid using jet pumps and / or adjust the density of the working fluid in the aeration and pricing processes and / or selective narrowing of the well space. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation is hydrodynamically isolated, the magnitude of the repression perturbation is increased up to the formation of fracture pressures, after which a fixing agent is pumped into the formation. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that under the conditions of opening a multilayer reservoir, testing is preliminarily carried out at all productive intervals, then a poly-frequency effect of elastic vibrations on the bottom-hole zone is performed simultaneously or alternately with the creation of depression-repression disturbances and injection of functional working fluids, testing is repeated and the reservoir interval is selected based on its results, it is hydrodynamically isolated and hydraulic fracturing is performed. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the radiation using waves of elastic vibrations. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic waves are used as radiation. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that thermal waves are used as the radiation. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as sources for the poly-frequency impact use sources in the frequency spectrum of which along with the dominant frequency there are additional harmonics with frequencies different from the dominant. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that borehole sources based on hydraulic vortex processes in the borehole fluid flows, on mechanohydraulic shock processes of interruption of the flow, on electromechanical processes, on contact-gravity creation of dilatational wave perturbations are used for poly-frequency impact Wednesday. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the recall of the reservoir in feedback mode, simultaneously with the regulation of the selection of reservoir fluid, the injection of the displacing agent into the surrounding wells is controlled. 12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the same time and / or alternately act as wave radiation from the wells and create a cyclic change in the directions and rates of fluid filtration in the reservoir and / or carry out a wave action on the reservoir from the day surface. 13. A downhole installation for physical impact, comprising a tubing string, two interconnected tubular parts, one of which is equipped with a stress concentrator and stationary, and the other tubular part is equipped with a piston and is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the stationary tubular part characterized in that the pipe parts are connected coaxially, while the stationary pipe part is located inside, consists of series-connected, at least , two hollow cylinders of different diameters, at least one of which is equipped with a relay valve that hydraulically connects the cylinder cavity with the borehole, and the other is equipped with a flow regulator, while the coaxially connected pipe parts are equipped with hydraulic locks mounted on serially connected hollow cylinders of different diameters communicated with the borehole space and with the internal cavity of the tubular part, equipped with a piston and additionally an actuator for controlling the relay valve. 14. The downhole installation according to item 13, characterized in that an elastic wave emitter mounted in the form of at least one spring-loaded pusher is mounted on the piston of the tubular part. 15. The downhole installation according to item 13, wherein the part of the surface of the hollow cylinder is equipped with a series of annular grooves or protrusions. 16. The downhole installation according to item 13, wherein the flow controller is equipped with a pulsating device. 17. The downhole installation according to clause 16, wherein the flow regulator is equipped with at least one pulsating nozzle connected in series with a centrifugal nozzle and with a cavity with elasticity, and at least one constant flow nozzle. 18. The downhole installation according to claim 17, characterized in that the nozzles of the flow regulator are installed coaxially with the common axis of rotation, while the pulsating nozzle is displaced downstream relative to the constant flow nozzle. 19. The downhole installation according to item 13, wherein the stress concentrator is installed with emphasis on the bottom. 20. The downhole installation of claim 13, wherein the installation is provided with at least one packer. 21. The downhole installation according to claim 20, characterized in that the jet pump with a check valve is installed above the packer. 22. Downhole installation according to item 13 or 20, characterized in that the installation is equipped with at least one centralizer. 23. The downhole installation according to item 13, wherein the tubing string is connected to a downhole pump. 24. The downhole installation according to item 13, wherein the tubular part, equipped with a piston and actuator for controlling the valve relay, is spring loaded relative to the stationary tubular part. 25. The downhole installation according to 14, characterized in that the hydraulic locks are installed on series-connected hollow cylinders of different diameters with an adjustable gap.

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