RU2358125C2 - Rotor-piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps. ^ SUBSTANCE: rotor-piston internal combustion engine comprises stator (external body), suction and exhaust openings in stator for gas exchange in combustion chambers, side covers of stator, rotor, shaft, ignition system and sealing system. In stator opening is arranged as through, and has the shape of ellipse. Cylindrical rotor is inbuilt in stator opening. Blades arranged with the possibility of radial reciprocal displacement are inbuilt in rotor. Rotor blades divide stator opening into chambers with alternating volume. Rotor is fixed on cylindrical shaft. Blades are spring-loaded, inbuilt into cylindrical rotor evenly along circumference and contain rollers on bearings in axes, having kinematic joint with surface of closed groove. Groove is arranged in the form of ellipse in side covers of stator. Sealing of alternating volume chambers is provided by blades inbuilt in rotor, blades and side covers of stator are sealed by sealing elements. Suction opening is arranged in the first half of the first quarter of stator. Ignition system (sparking plug) for ignition of working mixture in chamber is arranged in the first half of stator third quarter. Two exhaust openings are arranged in the second half of fourth quarter of stator. ^ EFFECT: simplified kinematics and design, improved dynamics and increased engine capacity. ^ 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engine manufacturing and can be used in all industries where internal combustion engines are used.

Internal combustion engines are known, for example, piston engines containing a cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, intake and exhaust valves, engine housing (see textbook for university students with a degree in Internal Combustion Engines / V.P. Alekseev, V.F. Voronin, L.V. Grekhov, etc. / under the general editorship of A.S. Orlin and M.G. Kruglov - 4th ed. Revised and enlarged.- M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1990, - 228 pp. - S. 5 and Fig. 1, a.) A disadvantage of known piston engines is limited aggregate power, high noise level, relatively large h the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft during start-up and the complexity of the design due to the presence of a crank mechanism, which limits the rotation frequency, especially for large engine sizes, and causes the appearance of unbalanced inertia forces and moments on it.

Known rotary engine, patent RU 2241131 C1, cl. 7 F02C 5/04, publication date 11/27/2004. A rotary internal combustion engine consists of a fixed stator, a rotor, a combustion chamber, a channel for injecting a working fluid (fuel), a blade, a channel for removing combustion products.

Known rotary internal combustion engine operates as follows.

A stream of gas from the combustion chamber, as from a barrel of a firearm, strikes a blade, causing the engine rotor to rotate. The combustion products through the hole are removed into the inner cavity of the rotor.

The disadvantages of the engine are as follows. A complex system for matching the position of the blades of the rotor of the engine relative to the combustion chamber for fuel injection into the chamber so that the gas stream of fuel from the chamber enters the blade. Sophisticated ignition system for timely ignition of fuel in the combustion chamber. A complex system for sealing the chamber and cavity with a blade on the rotor. All this together makes it difficult to put this engine into practice.

Known rotary-piston internal combustion engine (prototype) Felix Wankel (see patent 1,133,943 class, subclass, group 46a ^{is 5} -10 Daimler -. DE Benz 1966 G. & patent 1,137,901 class, subclass, group 46a firms the NSO ⁵ -10 1960 Germany and others.)

The Wankel engine consists of a stator (outer casing), the inner surface of which is made according to an epitrochoid with inlet and outlet windows for gas exchange and is divided into a three-chamber rotor located in it into three chambers with a variable volume. The rotor itself is located on a shaft containing an eccentric and mounted on bearings located in the side cover of the stator and in the stator. The stator and rotor have a kinematic connection, which is provided by a pair of gears, one of which (gear) on the rotor, and the second (gear) on the stator (i.e. planetary gear). This kinematic connection allows the rotor tops to be run around the stator epitrochoid.

Wankel engine operates as follows. When the rotor rotates, the gear wheel mounted on it rotates around the gear fixed on the stator, while the rotor tops slide along the stator epitrochoid surface and cut off the variable volumes of the chambers in the stator. For a full revolution in three chambers, their volume changes, and its vertices when passing them through the inlet and outlet windows regulate gas exchange in the chambers.

As a result, a full four-cycle cycle is performed in each of the chambers in one revolution of the rotor, and the torque is obtained as a result of the action of gas forces through the three-vertex rotor on the shaft eccentric.

The disadvantages of the Wankel rotary piston engine are as follows: the complex path of the rotor (rotation and bending of the epitrochoid by the tops of the rotor, i.e. planetary motion of the rotor) determined the kinematics of the engine: on the one hand, the rotor is kinematically connected to the stationary gear on the stator by its gear wheel, and with the other is kinematically connected with an eccentric shaft. This complicated the design of the kinematics of the engine, worsened its dynamics and required a reliable system to balance the kinematics of the engine; the epitrochoid contour has two sections with negative curvature, which limits the maximum speed (and therefore the power) due to the possibility of loss of radial seals with the epitrochoid working surface of the stator.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the kinematics and design of the engine, improve its dynamics, increase power.

The problem is solved as follows. In the stator (outer casing) of the engine, the hole for the rotor is made through, and in shape as an ellipse. A second stator side cover has been introduced. A cylindrical rotor made in a fixed fit on a cylindrical shaft mounted on bearings located in the side covers interfaced with the stator is embedded in the stator hole itself. In the cylindrical rotor, spring-loaded blades are built in uniformly around the circumference, made with the possibility of radial reciprocating movement, and contain rollers on the bearings on the sides on the axes.

The blades of the blade have a kinematic connection with the surface of the closed groove made in the form of an ellipse at the ends of the side covers of the stator, and limit the pressure force of the top of the blades on the inner surface of the stator from centrifugal forces and the efforts of the springs of the blade during rotation of the rotor, which will reduce its wear.

The generatrix of the closed groove, made in the form of an ellipse in the side covers of the stator, is the trajectory of the blade roller when the top of the blade slides along the inner surface of the stator during rotation of the rotor. The rotor blades divide the stator hole into chambers with variable volume, the sealing of which is ensured by the sealing elements integrated into the rotor blades and the stator side covers. A suction hole for filling the chamber with the working mixture, an ignition system (candle) for igniting the working mixture in the chamber and exhaust holes in the stator are made as follows. In the first quarter of the stator (if you look clockwise and enter a count from the vertical axis of symmetry of the inner hole of the stator, made in the form of an ellipse) and in its first half a suction hole is made. The ignition system (candle) for igniting the working mixture in the chamber is made in the third quarter of the stator in its first half. And two exhaust openings are made in the fourth quarter of the stator in its second half.

Thus, a rotary piston internal combustion engine containing a stator (outer casing), suction and exhaust openings on the stator for gas exchange in the combustion chambers, a stator side cover, a rotor, a shaft mounted on bearings located in the stator side covers, an ignition system, in the stator, the hole is made through, and in the form of an ellipse the second side cover of the stator is inserted, and a cylindrical rotor is built into the stator hole, in which blades are made, made with the possibility of radial reciprocating movement, while the rotor blades divide the stator hole into chambers with variable volume, a suction hole is made in the stator in its first quarter (in the direction of rotation of the rotor), an ignition system (candle) for igniting the working mixture in the chamber is made in the third quarter the stator, and the exhaust hole in the fourth quarter of the stator, characterized in that the engine contains a sealing system, the rotor is mounted on a fixed landing on a cylindrical shaft, the blades are spring-loaded, integrated into the cylinder The rotor is uniformly circumferential and contains rollers on bearings that have kinematic connection with the surface of a closed groove made in the form of an ellipse in the side covers of the stator; the sealing of chambers of variable volume is ensured by sealing elements integrated into the rotor, vanes and side covers of the stator, and the suction hole made in the first half of the first quarter of the stator, the ignition system (candle) for igniting the working mixture in the chamber is made in the first half of the third quarter of the stator, Two exhaust holes are filled in the second half of the fourth quarter of the stator.

Such a technical solution allowed:

to simplify the kinematics and design of the engine, to complete the rotor assembly with the shaft and blades structurally balanced without additional systems for balancing the rotor assembly with the shaft and blades. This will improve the dynamics of the engine, increase its speed and, therefore, increase its power;

the hole in the stator is shaped like an ellipse and has only positive curvature. This will improve the operation of the sealing elements, reduce the leakage of the working mixture from the chamber during engine operation and will increase the ceiling of the engine speed and its power;

the proposed engine design allows you to increase its power as follows:

a) by building sections from engines;

b) by increasing the volume of the engine chamber, i.e. increase in engine size in diameter and width;

c) at the same time by increasing the volume of the engine chamber and building sections of the engines.

On the first sheet of the drawing in figure 1 shows a General view of a rotary piston internal combustion engine, and on the second sheet in figure 2, on the third sheet in figure 3 and on the fourth sheet in figure 4 its sections. The engine consists of a stator 1 (outer casing), a rotor 2 mounted on a shaft 3 and fixed on it by snap rings 4 and a key 5 (see Figure 1). The shaft 3 is mounted on bearings 6 in the side covers 7 and 8 of the stator (see Figure 1).

In the rotor 2 (see Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4), blades 9 are mounted that are capable of radial reciprocating movement in the rotor 2. Axes 10 with rollers 11 are mounted on the sides of the blade 9 with the rollers 11 on the bearings. The rollers 11 of the blade 9 have a kinematic connection with a closed groove made in the form of an ellipse in the side covers 7 and 8 of the stator 1. Springs 12 are built into the blade 9, designed to press the tops of the blades 9 and rollers 11 of the blade 9 to the inner surface of the closed surface a groove in the side covers of the stator 7 and 8. The blades 9 divide the inner surface of the stator 1 into chambers with a variable volume. Side covers 7 and 8 contain covers 13 with elements of tightness.

The blades 9 (see Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4), the side covers 7 and 8, the rotor 2 are equipped with elements 14 for sealing the chambers, and in the stator 1 there is a suction hole 15, two exhaust holes 16 and a spark plug 17 for ignition working mixture in the chamber.

The principle of operation of a rotary piston engine.

With the upper arrangement of the chamber in the stator 1 during the rotation of the rotor 2 and the symmetrical arrangement of the first and second blades 9 of the chamber relative to the vertical axis of symmetry of the stator 1, the vertices of the first and second blades 9 are equally removed from the axis of rotation of the rotor 2 and are almost completely recessed into the rotor 2.

The chamber is cleaned of the working mixture, empty and sealed. With a further rotation of the rotor 2 and the location of this chamber on the first quarter of the stator 1 of the blade 9 of the chamber from centrifugal forces during rotation of the rotor 2 and the efforts of the springs 12 will move along the radial groove in the rotor 2, and at the same time their vertices will slide along the inner surface of the stator 1. The pressure of the tops of the blades 9 on the inner surface of the stator 1 from centrifugal forces and the efforts of the springs 12 of the blades 9 on the inner surface of the stator 1 will be limited to two rollers 11 of the blades 9, having a kinematic connection with a closed groove in the side covers 7 and 8 of the stator 1. After the apex of the first blade 9 of the chamber crosses (when the rotor rotates clockwise) of the suction hole, the top of the first blade 9 will be more distant from the axis of rotation of the rotor than the top of the second blade. Those. the first blade 9 will be more extended relative to the outer surface of the rotor 2 than the second. This is because the stator hole is made in the form of an ellipse.

The difference between the distance from the top of the first blade 9 and to the axis of rotation of the rotor 2 and the distance from the top of the second blade 9 and to the axis of rotation of the rotor 2, multiplied by the width of the blade, is the working area of the first blade of the chamber

Sp = (R ₁ -R ₂ ) V cm ² ,

where Sp is the working area of the first blade, cm ² ;

R ₁ is the distance from the top of the first blade 9 to the axis of rotation of the rotor 2, cm;

R ₂ is the distance from the top of the second blade 9 to the axis of rotation of the rotor 2, cm;

In - the width of the blade 9, see

When the rotor 2 rotates in the first quarter of the stator 1, the chamber volume and the working area of the first blade 9 will increase during its movement, and the chamber will suck in the working mixture like a piston. The suction of the working mixture into this chamber will continue until the top of the second blade 9 cuts off the suction hole from this chamber. The chamber reaches its maximum volume with a symmetrical arrangement of the first and second blades 9 relative to the horizontal axis of symmetry of the stator 1. In this position, the blades 9 of the chamber are equidistant from the axis of rotation of the rotor 2 and are maximally extended relative to the surface of the rotor. With further rotation of the rotor 2 in the second quarter of the stator 1, the rollers 11 of the first and second blades 9 of this chamber, rolling along a closed groove in the side covers 7 and 8 of the stator 1, will sink the blades 9 into the rotor 2.

In the second quarter of the stator 1, the second blade 9 will be more removed from the axis of rotation of the rotor 2 than the first due to the fact that the stator hole is made in the form of an ellipse. In this section of the stator 1, the working area of the second blade 9 and the chamber volume (when the rotor rotates clockwise) will decrease during its movement together with the rotor 2 and compress the working mixture in the chamber.

The greatest compression of the working mixture in the chamber will occur when the first and second blades 9 of this chamber are located in the lower part of the stator 1 symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry of the stator 1.

In this position of the first and second blades 9, the chamber volume reaches a minimum, and the compression of the working mixture reaches a maximum. After the apex of the first blade 9 of this chamber crosses the hole with a candle for igniting the working mixture in the chamber, the top of the first blade 9 will be more distant from the axis of rotation of the rotor than the top of the second blade 9.

When the working mixture is currently ignited by the candle 17 in the chamber and burned, the gas pressure on the working area of the first blade 9 is converted to torque and rotational motion of the rotor 2.

Mkr = q · Sp · Rc, kgf · cm,

where MKR - torque on the rotor 2, kgf · cm;

q is the gas pressure from the combustion of the working mixture in the chamber per unit area, kgf / cm ² ;

Sp is the working area of the blade, cm ² ;

Rc is the shoulder of the working area of the blades 9 of the camera, equal to

distance from the middle of the blade’s working area

9 and to the axis of rotation of the rotor 2.

Rc = (R ₁ + R ₂ ) / 2, cm,

where R ₁ is the distance from the top of the first blade 9 to the axis of rotation of the rotor 2, cm;

R ₂ is the distance from the top of the second blade 9 and to the axis of rotation of the rotor 2, see

In this section of the stator 1, the working area and chamber volume during rotation of the rotor 2 will increase.

The pressure in the chamber due to the expansion of the volume of the chamber will decrease. But the product of the magnitude of the working area by the gas pressure from the combustion of the working mixture will be approximately constant in view of the fact that the working area of the first blade will constantly increase in this area. The working stroke of this chamber will continue until the first and second blades 9 are located symmetrically relative to the horizontal axis of symmetry of the stator 1. In this case, the first blade 9 will open the first exhaust outlet 16 of the stator 1. With a further rotation of the rotor 2, the rollers 11 of the first blade 9 of this chamber rolling in a closed groove in the side covers 7 and 8 of the stator 1, they will heat the first blade 9 into the rotor 2. In the fourth quarter of the stator 1, the top of the second blade 9 will be more distant from the axis of rotation of the rotor 2 than the first. The working volume of the chamber and the working area of the second blade 9 in this section of the stator 1 will decrease. Rotating together with the rotor 2, the decreasing working area of the second blade 9 and the volume of this chamber will squeeze the spent working mixture out of the chamber, first through the first exhaust hole, and then through the second.

Thus, the chamber is cleaned of the spent working mixture.

With the upper symmetrical arrangement of the first and second blades 9 of this chamber relative to the vertical axis of symmetry of the stator 1, the chamber is cleaned of the spent working mixture, has a minimum working volume and is tightly closed.

Then the work cycle is repeated.

Similarly, the working cycle occurs in the remaining chambers. Thus, when the rotor 2 rotates, the blades 9, sliding with their vertices on the inner surface of the stator 1, then sink into the rotor 2, then move out of it, and as a result, the volume in each chamber of the rotor 2 decreases or increases. In this case, in each chamber for one revolution of the rotor 2 when passing them through the inlet and exhaust openings, gas exchange is regulated. As a result, a four-cycle cycle is performed in each of the chambers from the moment the working mixture is sucked into the chamber in one revolution of the rotor 2, and the rotor converts the gas pressure force to the working area of the first blade 9 from the combustion of the working mixture in each of the chambers into torque and rotational motion of the rotor 2 with shaft 3.

The proposed rotary piston internal combustion engine will find applications in the automotive industry, aircraft manufacturing and other industries where such engines are required.

Claims (1)

A rotary piston internal combustion engine containing a stator (outer casing), suction and exhaust openings on the stator for gas exchange in the combustion chambers, the side cover of the stator, the rotor, the shaft mounted on bearings located in the side covers of the stator, the ignition system, the bore in the stator made through, and in the form in the form of an ellipse the second side cover of the stator is introduced, and a cylindrical rotor is built into the stator hole, in which blades are made, made with the possibility of radial reciprocating repulsive movement, while the rotor blades divide the stator hole into chambers with a variable volume, a suction hole is made in the stator in its first quarter (in the direction of rotation of the rotor), an ignition system (candle) for igniting the working mixture in the chamber is made in the third quarter of the stator, and an exhaust hole in the fourth quarter of the stator, characterized in that the engine contains a sealing system, the rotor is mounted on a fixed fit on a cylindrical shaft, the blades are spring loaded, integrated into the cylindrical rotor uniformly around the circumference and contain rollers on the bearings on the axes, which have a kinematic connection with the surface of the closed groove made in the form of an ellipse in the side covers of the stator, the sealing of chambers of variable volume is provided by sealing elements integrated into the rotor, vanes and side covers of the stator, and the suction hole is made in the first half of the first quarter of the stator, the ignition system (candle) for igniting the working mixture in the chamber is made in the first half of the third quarter of the stator, while two Pop hole in the second half of the fourth quarter of the stator.

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