RU2268344C1 - Method and device for building wall plastering - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building, particularly for plastering outer and inner wall surfaces.

SUBSTANCE: method involves installing anchoring means adapted to adjust sheet positions in predetermined wall points; mounting sheets and connecting thereof with each other by means of fastening members so that vertical molding cavity is created between the sheets and wall surface; injecting mortar into the molding cavity with the use of mortar-pump through couplers provided with replaceable caps and arranged on working surfaces of the sheets; demounting the sheets after mortar hardening and removing the anchoring means. Device for above method implementation comprises flat L-shaped sheets connected with each other through fastening members and couplers with replaceable caps connected to the fastening members. The couplers are provided with connectors for mortar-pump injection hose attachment and with anchoring adjusting means.

EFFECT: increased quality of plastered surface, simplified structure of the device and reduced weight thereof, extended technological means of device usage for plastering surfaces of any walls along with reduced labor inputs.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The proposed method and device relates to construction and can be used for plastering the external and internal surfaces of walls when used in combination with mortar-mixing modular plaster pumps.

A known method and device for plastering a wall, in which a device for applying mortar to the surface and leveling it includes a guide frame mounted parallel to the plastered surface, the working body is a shield mounted on the frame with the ability to move in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the frame and along the last , and the drive of the working body (RF patent No. 2.052.609, CL E 04 F 21/02, 1996).

The disadvantages of this method are the bulkiness of the proposed frame design, the complexity of its installation, the limited use of the structure associated with the dimensions of the room, the inability to plaster complex surface areas (corners, slopes, etc.).

A known method and device for plastering a wall, in which the solution is supplied with a mortar pump through a nozzle with a slit-like hole, moved parallel to the wall surface. The solution is leveled with a scraper cross member, which fits snugly against the thick mass layer in the plane of the nozzle exit hole with a slit-like opening, then the solution is sealed with a rake and its thickness is controlled by the side walls, which, in addition, are guides for the device (German patent No. 2.136 .824, class E 04 F 21/08, E 04 G 21/20, 1999).

The disadvantages of the method are: the difficulty of moving the nozzle with a slit hole parallel to the plastered surface, associated with the significant weight of the proposed device and, therefore, with high labor costs for this process or with the obligatory presence of a manipulator, which complicates the plastering process and increases the cost of installation; the possibility of uneven movement of the mixture inside the nozzle with a slit-like hole, and, as a consequence, the setting of the mixture and subsequent jamming of the device.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, to the claimed invention is the "Formwork panel, mainly for plastering walls" (ed. St. USSR No. 1.308.737, class E 04 G 11/20, 1987), which includes installation of formwork panels at a certain distance from the wall, creating a molding cavity between the wall and formwork, pouring plaster mortar into it and dismantling the formwork after it has hardened. Formwork panels are supported by telescopic racks, torn between the floor and the ceiling of the room, and are fastened with brackets, and then connected to the panel using threaded bushings and bolts.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the high complexity of the installation of boards and the bulkiness of the supporting structure;

- low surface quality due to the impossibility of controlling the spreading of the mixture in the molding cavity, as well as due to the leaky connection of the shields to each other and the possible formation of voids and seams;

- limited technological possibilities of using the structure in the processing of walls of high rooms and facade walls, internal and external corners.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to improve the quality of plaster surfaces, simplify the design of the device, reduce its weight, expand its use for plastering the surfaces of any walls with a significant reduction in labor costs.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the method of plastering the walls of a building, including the installation of boards, their connection with each other by fastening elements with the formation of a vertical molding cavity between the boards and the wall surface, into which the stucco mortar is injected, and the subsequent dismantling of the boards after hardening the solution, before installation shields on the wall surface are installed anchor control devices at predetermined points and inventory beacons along the edges of the molding cavity, the position of the mounted shields is regulated in gloss, perpendicular to the plane of the wall, the solution is injected into the molding cavity of the mortar pump through couplings with removable plugs placed on the working surface of the panels. After hardening the solution, the panels are dismantled, and the anchor devices are removed.

The method is implemented using a device containing flat or L-shaped panels connected to each other by fastening elements, and support elements, in which, according to the invention, the panels are made of a light metal stiffening frame and a transparent rigid working surface on which couplings with an aperture are mounted for supply of solution and removable caps. The end surfaces of each shield are made with a polymer profile coating and fastening elements placed around the shield perimeter in the form of spring clips installed to connect adjacent shields to each other, and the supporting elements are made in the form of an anchor control device including an anchor threaded pin and an alignment element mounted on it , pressure cap and nut.

The method of plastering the walls of the building and the device for its implementation is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a General view of the shield; figure 2 is a cross section along aa; figure 3 - anchor and anchor control device in section; figure 4 - coupling for pumping the mixture is a side view and a section with a fixed plug.

The device for plastering the wall of the building includes a shield, consisting of an alloy frame 1, to which a working surface 2 is attached, which is a transparent transparent plastic plate, to which couplings 3 are attached with removable plugs 4, which have fasteners for the discharge hose of the mortar pump. A profile plastic polymer material 5 is glued to the end surface of the shuttering board, which allows the boards to be sealed to each other using fastening elements in the form of spring clips 6. Handles 7 are welded to the stiffening frame for transportation and installation of the shield. The device also includes anchor control devices 8, which are attached to the wall on anchors 9 and include an anchor pin 10, a leveling element 11, a cap 12 and a nut 13. At the points of support of the shield on the anchor control devices, a plastic polymer gasket is glued to the inner working surface of the shield 14. The coupling for injecting the mixture 3 includes fasteners for the plugs or material hose of the mortar pump 15 and a plastic polymer gasket 16. At the edges of the molding cavity, inventory beacons 17 are installed.

The method is implemented as follows. Previously, the walls of the plastered room are divided, taking into account its configuration and dimensions, into zones that determine the shapes and sizes of the molding cavities in the presence of a standard set of panels of two sizes - linear and angular. Shields mounted first, usually take shields of the lower row - angular, if the cavity is L-shaped or flat boards in the center of the cavity, if it has a flat surface. At the edges of the molding cavity, inventory beacons are installed, which are a metal profile over the entire height of the room. Lighthouses are set as guidelines for the installation of panels and determine with their help the thickness of the future plaster layer. They also prevent the solution from flowing out of the molding cavity. Then, the fastening points of the first shield are marked and holes are drilled under them. By applying two sizes of stencils that determine the distance between the anchor points of the anchors of adjacent boards and between the anchor points of the anchors of one flat board, the anchor points of the other boards are marked on the wall surface. After drilling holes in parallel to each row, they are pulled, guided by the beacons, adjusting threads - "moorings". The “mooring” thread should pass in the planned plane of contact between the working surface of the shield and the plaster layer. Then the anchors 9 are driven into. The anchors 9, in turn, screw the anchor pins 10 into the stop. Anchors 9 must be hammered into the wall so that the gap A between the end face of the anchor and the “mooring” in the plane perpendicular to the plastered surface is minimal so as to minimize the contact area of the anchor pin 10 with the plaster layer and to unscrew it from the anchor without removing the shield . The gap A must be at least 5 mm for successful grouting of the hole from the anchor pin with a putty mixture. Leveling elements 11 are screwed onto the anchor pins 10, the surfaces of which, subsequently in contact with the working surface of the shield and the plaster layer, are pre-treated with a lubricant. The position of the leveling elements 11 is adjusted according to the "moorings": their surfaces parallel to the plastered wall, which subsequently come in contact with the plaster layer, must be in the same plane with the stretched "moorings" and beacons. After adjusting for anchor devices, shields are mounted, the working surface of which is pre-treated with a lubricant. The first mounted shield is fixed by putting on the caps 12 and then screwing the nuts 13 onto the anchor pins.

In the presence of a L-shaped molding cavity, it is possible to install additional beacons in its corner, also focusing on which, pulling up the "moorings", and subsequently - support the corner shield. These beacons are installed in such a way as not to block the spreading zone of the solution in the corner of the cavity: between the planned location of the edges of the shield and couplings for pumping the mixture. Next, to install the corner shield in the required position, one vertical row of anchor pins and leveling elements on which this shield rests are mounted simultaneously with the shield: first they are inserted into the holes of the shield, and then, holding them, the shield is installed, and only then these anchor the pins are screwed into the anchors, complete the final adjustment of the shield with leveling elements and fix it.

Next, they install horizontal boards adjacent to the first, which are initially pressed against the supporting elements, and then tighten the adjacent panels with the first for springtight connection with spring clips 6. Subsequently, the panels are fixed with caps 12 and nuts 13. Subsequent panels are mounted in the same sequence. Then they proceed to the installation of the next row of panels, periodically checking the correctness of their installation according to the plumb line and level.

In case of possible skewing of the shields relative to each other, their position is corrected without dismantling by unscrewing the nut 13, removing the cap 12 and rotating the leveling element 11. A compensation gap of a few millimeters in size between the end face of the leveling element 11 and the gasket 14 is necessary for a small free displacement of the shields in the plane, parallel to the plastered surface, to ensure the possibility of tightening the shields with spring clips 6 and for their tight connection to each other in the presence of errors ki 9 anchors into the wall.

If adjustment of the shield position is not required, for example, if part of the outer shield around the perimeter of the molding cavity rests on inventory beacons or on a previously plastered surface, leveling element 11 is maximally screwed to the wall surface to freely support part of the shield on these inventory beacons or previously plastered surface. After mounting the shield and tightening it with adjacent shields with spring clips, it is pressed against the plane of the wall and, thus, rested on inventory beacons or on a previously plastered surface. The element 11 is tightly screwed to the shield through a plastic polymer gasket 14 to eliminate the gap between the surface of the shield 2 and the anchor pin 10. And only then the shield at this point is fixed with a cap 12 and a nut 13.

If a significant part of the shield rests on a previously plastered surface, for example, if it is necessary to finish plastering the top of the wall, the height of the unplastered zone of which is much less than the height of the panels, and there is a need to fasten the anchor device to the plastered wall, install leveling element 11 at the attachment point of this anchor not required.

Then, to one or several couplings 3, the injection hose (s) from the mortar pump is connected and fastened, after dismantling the plug (s). The mixture is injected sequentially at different points of the formwork board, starting from the bottom and from the corners of the molding cavity. The injection is carried out through each coupling until the admissible spreading zones of the mixture are closed from adjacent couplings in the molding cavity and until the entire volume of air in it is displaced. The process is initially controlled through the transparent working surface of the shield, and at the final stage, by increasing the pressure in the system to the maximum. Then the discharge is stopped, the discharge hose is disconnected, and a plug 4 is inserted and fastened into the sleeve 3, fitted to the inner working surface of the shield, displacing with it the excess mixture in the sleeve.

After the mixture has set, the shields are dismantled in the reverse order. The anchor pins 10 are also unscrewed, the rim from the solution remaining from the compensation gap B is cut with a spatula, and the holes from the anchor pins are wiped with a putty mixture.

When plastering facades in order to avoid corrosion of beacons, they can be removed along the perimeter of the molding cavity after dismantling the shields.

Thus, the proposed method and device in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions for a similar purpose provide high-quality monolithic smooth coatings according to SNiP 3.04.01-87 (table 9), while labor costs are significantly reduced, since it is possible to mechanize not only mixing processes and supplying the solution to the treated wall, but also leveling, as well as smoothing 95-99% of the resulting surface. And the use of devices for aligning the position of the shields relative to the surface being treated reduces the time-consuming operation of installing inventory beacons by 90-95%. The ease of installation and the compactness of the support and fastening elements allow plastering of both internal and external walls of any configuration and height.

Claims (3)

1. The method of plastering the walls of a building, including the installation of panels, their connection with the fastening elements to form a vertical molding cavity between the panels and the wall surface, into which the stucco mortar is injected, and the subsequent dismantling of the panels after hardening the solution, characterized in that before installing the panels on the wall surface is installed with anchor control devices at predetermined points for supporting the shield and inventory beacons at the edges of the molding cavity, the position of the mounted boards is regulated in flat In the case perpendicular to the wall plane, the solution is pumped into the molding cavity of the mortar pump through couplings with removable plugs located on the working surface of the panels; after dismantling the panels, the anchor devices are removed. 2. A device for plastering a building wall, including flat panels connected by fastening elements, and support elements, characterized in that the panels are made with a stiffening frame and a working surface on which couplings are installed with a mortar hole and removable plugs, end surfaces each shield is made with a polymer profile coating and fastening elements placed in the form of spring clips placed along the perimeter of the shield, installed with the possibility of connecting adjacent boards together, and supporting the elements are made in the form of an anchor adjusting device, including an anchor threaded pin and a leveling element mounted on it, a pressure cap and a nut. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the working surfaces of the shields are made of transparent material in the form of L-shaped elements.

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