RU2160531C1 - Pig feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: animal farming. SUBSTANCE: method involves introducing into basic ration of biologically active substance, such as carnitine, possessing wide range of effects. Carnitine is introduced in dose of 50-100 mg/kg of feed to pregnant swine at second half of gestation period for 30 days before farrow, and to replacement swine eight weeks before first pairing for four weeks. EFFECT: increased productivity, improved feed assimilation and reduced consumption of feeds per unit of liveweight growth. 3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to animal husbandry and can be used in pig farming.

 To increase the efficiency of animal husbandry, along with the breeding and operation of highly productive animal breeds, great importance is attached to the use of various kinds of biostimulants. As a result of the action of biologically active substances in animals, meat productivity increases, feed costs per unit of production are reduced.

 A known method of feeding farm animals, including the introduction into the main diet (pigs) of a biologically active additive, which is used as a sediment of ginseng biomass extract and introduced into the diet in the amount of 1.5 - 2.5 ml per 1 kg of live weight (copyright N 1311697, A 23 K 1/16).

 There is a method of introducing α-sorbose production waste into the pig’s diet, which provides an average daily increase in live weight of young pigs by 14.3% compared to the control (see copyright certificate N 1387959, A 23 K 1/16).

 The disadvantages of known biostimulants and biologically active substances are their scarcity, high cost, unstable forms, as well as a small raw material base for their production.

 The diets and feed additives used do not contain the optimal doses of vitamins, micro and macro elements necessary for animals for normal growth and development.

 The closest analogue is the method of feeding pigs, which includes introducing into the main diet of pigs a feed composition from an extruded mixture of soy and peas, liquid aminobacterin and carnitine chloride (copyright certificate N 1747003, A 23 K 1/16).

Carnitine-chloride-DL-4 trimethyl-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid (carnitine) is an odorless white crystalline powder, readily soluble in water. Vitamin B _t , or growth vitamin, is widely distributed in nature, found in some plant and in all animal tissues, an active metabolite, stimulates protein biosynthesis, plays an important role in the β-oxidation of higher fatty acids.

 Food with carnitine is of high quality, however, optimal doses for feeding carnitine at different growing periods for individual sex and age and production groups of pigs have not been developed.

 The technical result of the invention is to increase the growth energy of piglets, their safety, increase the productivity of pigs, reduce the incidence of weakened and retarded piglets, increase their immunity, as well as increase the digestibility of feed, reduce feed costs per unit of increase in live weight.

 This technical result is achieved by adding carnitine in a dose of 50-100 mg / kg of feed to the main diet for pigs, with pregnant sows injecting carnitine into the second half of gestation within 30 days before farrowing, and repair pigs eight weeks before the first mating within 4- x weeks.

 The introduction of a biological stimulant, carnitine, into pig food creates favorable conditions in the animal body to increase the efficiency of the use of nutrients and feed energy, accelerates growth and development, and increases natural resistance.

 To confirm the effectiveness of the claimed method, a series of experiments were carried out on pregnant sows, on young stocks and piglets lagging behind the growth and development.

Example 1
The experiment was performed on pregnant sows in the second half of gestation. For the experiment, 28 pregnant sows were selected on the basis of analogues, which were divided into 4 groups of 7 animals each. Then they watched the young until the age of 60 days.

 Group I - control, II - IV - experimental groups.

 Animals of the I - control - group received the main household diet, consisting of barley-corn-wheat derty, boiled vegetables, grass flour, bran, chalk, salt and premix. The experimental design is shown in table. 1.

 The results of the experiment are presented in table. 2.

 The inclusion of carnitine in the main diet of pregnant sows contributed to the improvement of their physiological state, which affected the productive qualities of piglets obtained from these animals. Thus, the safety of suckling piglets by the age of 60 days in the experimental groups improved in comparison with the control by 2.12 - 5.91% (P <0.01).

 From each sow piglets received 6.9 - 33.0% more compared with the control group. The number of stillbirths in these sows decreased by 4.0 - 6.0%. Optimum results were obtained in the 3rd experimental group, the animals of which received 75 mg of carnitine per 1 kg of feed with food.

Example 2
In this experiment, the effect of carnitine on the growth and development processes of the future sow and its fetuses was studied during fetal development and up to 60 days of age, i.e. before weaning.

 Of 60 repair pigs of large white breed of 4 months of age, 2 groups were formed (control and experiment), 30 animals each, in the diet of which 8 weeks before mating, carnitine was added at a dose of 75 mg / kg of feed over 4 weeks.

 After 4 weeks of feeding the carnitine pigs, biochemical studies of the blood and liver of animals were performed. Observation of animals was continued until piglets reached 60 days of age, i.e. before weaning, taking into account the reproductive qualities of first-aid, under the influence of carnitine introduced into the main diet and the resistance of the offspring. In pigs, blood insulin levels were determined after 25 and 40 days from the start of carnitine feeding. Pigs, which were fed the optimal dose of carnitine 75 mg per 1 kg of feed, grew better and developed, as a result of the first mating, the animals of the experimental group had a live weight of 11.6 kg (10%) more than their peers in the control group. The mumps of the experimental group were distinguished by greater height (+0.6 cm), body length (+1.5 cm), body circumference (+3 cm) and chest (+2.3 cm). At 10 months, pigs did.

 There were no excesses in the experimental group, while there were three in the control group and the random campaign lasted about two months.

 Carnitine supplements contributed not only to better development, but also to the development of the reproductive organs and the early maturation of eggs in them, which had a positive effect on the productivity of primiparos (Table 3).

 With almost the same large-fruited fertility in primoros grown on diets supplemented with carnitine, 0.4 pigs (4.12%) more were born in comparison with control peers, they differed better - by 6.8 kg (12.9%, P < 0.01) - milk production, which also positively affected the live weight of piglets at weaning at two months of age. It should be noted that the repair sows of the group differed in more aligned live weight during mating, at the end of the first, second and third month of gestation, as well as on the fifth day after farrowing.

 As a result, the loss of live weight during the suction period (the difference between the live weight on the 5th day after farrowing and after weaning piglets at two months of age) in the control group was 25.8 kg (17%), and in the experimental group - 22 kg ( 13.9%). Smaller loss of live weight indicates that the addition of carnitine qualitatively affected the health of pigs and the strength of the constitution.

 The data obtained indicate the effectiveness of feeding carnitine in the form of additives to the diet of gilts on growing and fattening. At the same time, for every 100 kg of gain in live weight, feed is consumed by 38-60 less feed units.

 Carnitine supplements in the diet increased energy expenditures for the implementation of anabolic processes, as evidenced by a decrease in the content of free amino acids in blood serum, an increase in the accumulation of protein and vitamins in the liver, and an increase in the intensity of lipid metabolism in the liver of animals.

 When carnitine was fed to pigs that were stunted in growth and development, their safety improved by 8%, and the average daily gain in live weight increased significantly.

Claims (1)

 A method of feeding pigs, including the introduction of carnitine into the main diet, characterized in that carnitine is administered at a dose of 50-100 mg / kg of feed, with pregnant sows being injected with carnitine in the second half of gestation within 30 days before farrowing, and for repair pigs eight weeks before first mating in 4 weeks.

Images