ES2666563T3 - Transferencia automática de carga a un centro bajo demanda - Google Patents
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Abstract
Un método de administración de recursos entre un entorno informático local y un entorno bajo demanda, el método comprende: detectar un evento en el entorno informático local o recibir una solicitud; establecer automáticamente, para el evento o solicitud, la comunicación entre un módulo de administración (108) que gestiona el entorno informático local (104) y un módulo de administración (106) que gestiona el entorno informático bajo demanda (102) que tiene uno o más nodos disponibles para procesar carga de trabajo, el módulo de administración (108) que gestiona el entorno informático local (104) está separado del módulo de administración (106) que gestiona el entorno informático bajo demanda (102); basándose en la comunicación, asignar recursos dentro del entorno informático bajo demanda (102) para generar recursos asignados y personalizar atributos flexibles de los recursos asignados para que coincidan con los requisitos de la carga de trabajo para generar recursos personalizados, donde la personalización de los atributos flexibles de los recursos informáticos asignados comprende el suministro dinámico de un sistema operativo y además puede comprender al menos uno de los recursos de red que controlan dinámicamente los recursos de aplicación o los recursos de almacenamiento y la seguridad o las credenciales de suministro dinámico; y suministrar recursos para transferir la carga de trabajo presentada para procesar en el entorno informático local (104) de forma transparente al entorno informático bajo demanda (102) para consumir los recursos personalizados, donde la carga de trabajo consume los recursos personalizados en el entorno informático bajo demanda (102) de acuerdo con los controles de políticas que rigen cómo administrar el entorno informático local (104).
Description
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DESCRIPCION
Transferencia automática de carga a un centro bajo demanda
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION
1. Ámbito de la invención
[0003] La presente invención se refiere a un sistema de administración de recursos y, más concretamente, a un sistema y método para proporcionar acceso a recursos informáticos bajo demanda.
2. Introducción
[0004] Los administradores de clústeres desean el máximo rendimiento de la inversión, lo que a menudo significa una alta utilización del sistema y la capacidad de proporcionar diversas calidades de servicio a varios usuarios y grupos. Por lo general, un clúster se define como un ordenador paralelo construido con componentes básicos y se ejecuta como su software básico de software del sistema. Un clúster contiene nodos y cada uno de ellos tiene uno o más procesadores, memoria compartida por todos los procesadores en el nodo respectivo y dispositivos periféricos adicionales como discos de almacenamiento conectados por una red que permite que los datos se muevan entre nodos. Un clúster es un ejemplo de un entorno informático. Otros ejemplos incluyen una grid (malla), que se define vagamente como un grupo de clústeres y una granja informática que es otra organización de ordenadores para procesamiento.
[0005] A menudo, un conjunto de recursos organizados en un clúster o una grid puede tener trabajos para ser enviados a los recursos que requieren más capacidad de la que el conjunto de recursos tiene disponible. A este respecto, en la técnica, existe la necesidad de poder utilizar de manera fácil, eficiente y bajo demanda nuevos o diferentes recursos para gestionar un trabajo. El concepto de recursos informáticos "bajo demanda" se ha estado desarrollando recientemente en la comunidad informática de alto rendimiento. Un entorno informático bajo demanda permite a las empresas adquirir potencia informática para la demanda media y luego contratar potencia de procesamiento remota para ayudar en cargas pico o descargar todas sus necesidades informáticas a una instalación remota. Varios libros de referencia con material relacionado con la informática bajo demanda o informática utilitaria son Mike Ault, Madhu Tumma, Oracle 10g Grid & Real Application Clusters, Rampant TechPress, 2004 and Guy Bunker, Darren Thomson, Delivering Utility Computing Business-driven IT Optimization, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2006.
[0006] En Bunker y Thompson, la sección 3.3 en la página 32 se titula "Connectivity: The Great Enabler " donde se analiza cómo la interconexión de los ordenadores aumentará drásticamente su utilidad. Esta divulgación aborda ese problema. En la técnica existe la necesidad de soluciones mejoradas para permitir la comunicación y la conectividad con un centro informático de alto rendimiento bajo demanda.
[0006-1] El documento US2005/0044228 divulga métodos, sistemas y medios para ampliar los recursos disponibles para una partición lógica asociada con un cliente. Las realizaciones pueden asociar la partición lógica con una grid que conserva una lista de recursos disponibles para la asignación a las particiones lógicas. Los recursos grid se pueden suministrar a una partición lógica en función del uso de los recursos de partición. [0006-2] El documento US2005/027864 propone un método para un protocolo de inicio de aplicación de grid que incluye, en una red, responder a una solicitud de un recurso informático disponible para computar una tarea enviando una lista de recursos informáticos disponibles, recibiendo una selección de un recurso informático para reserva. El método incluye, si la selección del recurso informático está disponible para computar la tarea, reservar la selección y enviar un número de reserva para la selección, y enviar la solicitud a una parte diferente de la red si los recursos informáticos no están disponibles para computar la tarea.
RESUMEN DE LA INVENCION
[0007] Las características y ventajas adicionales de la invención se expondrán en la descripción que sigue, y en parte, serán obvias a partir de la descripción, o pueden aprenderse mediante la práctica de la invención. Las características y ventajas de la invención pueden realizarse y obtenerse por medio de los instrumentos y combinaciones especialmente indicados en las reivindicaciones adjuntas. Estas y otras características de la presente invención se harán más evidentes a partir de la siguiente descripción y de las reivindicaciones adjuntas, o pueden aprenderse mediante la práctica de la invención tal como se establece en el presente documento.
[0008] Varias realizaciones de la invención incluyen, pero no se limitan a, métodos, sistemas, dispositivos informáticos, clústeres, grids, centros bajo demanda y medios legibles por ordenador que realizan los procesos y etapas descritos en este documento.
[0009] Un aspecto de la invención se refiere a un método para gestionar recursos entre un entorno informático local y un entorno bajo demanda como se define en la reivindicación 1. Otros aspectos se refieren a un sistema como se define en la reivindicación 17 y a un medio como se define en la reivindicación 19.
[0010] Un beneficio de los enfoques descritos en el presente documento es una reducción en los costes innecesarios de la infraestructura de la construcción para acomodar la demanda máxima. Por lo tanto, los clientes sólo pagan por la potencia de procesamiento adicional que necesitan sólo en los momentos en que lo necesitan.
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BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOS
[0011] Para describir la manera en que pueden obtenerse las ventajas y características de la invención antes mencionadas y otras, se dará una descripción más concreta de la invención antes descrita brevemente mediante referencia a realizaciones específicas de la misma que se ilustran en los documentos y dibujos adjuntos. Entendiendo que estos dibujos representan solo realizaciones típicas de la invención y, por lo tanto, no deben considerarse limitativos en su alcance, la invención se describirá y explicará con especificidad y detalles adicionales mediante el uso de los dibujos adjuntos.
[0012] La FIG 1 ilustra la disposición básica de la presente descripción;
[0013] La FIG. 2 ilustra componentes básicos de hardware;
[0014] La FIG. 3 ilustra un aspecto del método de la divulgación;
[0015] La FIG. 4 ilustra un aspecto del método de la divulgación;
[0016] La FIG. 5 ilustra otro aspecto del método de la divulgación; y
[0017] La FIG. 6 ilustra otro aspecto del método de la divulgación.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN
[0018] A continuación se exponen varias realizaciones. Si bien se discuten las implementaciones específicas, se debe entender que esto se hace solo con fines ilustrativos. Un experto en la técnica relevante reconocerá que pueden usarse otros componentes y configuraciones como se reivindica en las reivindicaciones adjuntas sin alejarse del ámbito de la invención.
[0019] Esta descripción se refiere al acceso y administración de recursos informáticos a demanda o utilitarios en un centro de alojamiento. La FIG. 1 ilustra la disposición básica e interacción entre un entorno informático local 104 y un centro de alojamiento bajo demanda 102. El entorno informático local puede comprender un clúster, una grid o cualquier otra variación en estos tipos de entornos de nodo múltiple y comúnmente administrados. El centro de alojamiento bajo demanda o el entorno informático bajo demanda 102 comprende una pluralidad de nodos que están disponibles para el suministro y preferiblemente tiene un nodo dedicado que contiene un maestro de alojamiento 128 que puede incluir un módulo de administración maestro 106 y/o al menos otro módulo tal como el administrador de entidades 128 y el proveedor de nodos 118.
[0020] Un producto como Moab proporciona un servicio esencial para la optimización de un entorno informático local. Proporciona un análisis de cómo y cuándo los recursos locales, como el software y los dispositivos de hardware, se utilizan con fines de anulación, planificación, auditoría, solución de problemas y generación de informes interna o externamente. Dicha optimización permite que el entorno local esté sintonizado para aprovechar al máximo los recursos en el entorno informático local. Sin embargo, hay momentos en los que se necesitan más recursos.
[0021] Normalmente, un centro de alojamiento 102 tendrá los siguientes atributos. Permite que una organización proporcione recursos o servicios a los clientes donde los recursos o servicios se personalizan según las necesidades del cliente. Respaldar la verdadera informática utilitaria generalmente requiere crear un centro de alojamiento 102 con una o más capacidades de la siguiente manera: acceso remoto seguro, disponibilidad garantizada de recursos en un tiempo determinado o series de veces, servicios integrados de auditoría/ contabilidad/facturación, nivel de servicio escalonado (QoS (Calidad de Servicio)/SLA, (Acuerdo de Nivel de Servicio)) acceso basado en recursos, suministro dinámico de nodos informáticos, administración completa del entorno sobre recursos informáticos, de red, de almacenamiento y basados en aplicaciones/servicios, optimización inteligente de cargas de trabajo, alta disponibilidad, recuperación de fallos y reasignación automática.
[0022] Un módulo de administración 108, como por ejemplo, Moab™ (también puede referirse a cualquier producto de Moab tal como Moab Workload Manager®, Moab Grid Monitor®, etc. de Cluster Resources, Inc.) permite la informática utilitaria dejando que los recursos informáticos se reserven, asignen y suministren dinámicamente para satisfacer las necesidades de la carga de trabajo interna o externa. Por lo tanto, en los momentos gran de carga de trabajo, el entorno informático local no necesita construirse teniendo en cuenta el uso máximo. Dado que se requieren recursos máximos periódicos, los desencadenantes pueden causar un desbordamiento en el entorno bajo demanda y así ahorrar dinero para el cliente. El módulo 108 puede responder a solicitudes generadas de forma manual o automática y puede garantizar la disponibilidad de recursos sujeto a acuerdos basados en acuerdos de nivel de servicio (SLA) o calidad de servicio (QOS) existentes.
Como ejemplo, la Fig. 1 muestra un usuario que envía un trabajo o una consulta 110 al clúster o entorno local 104. El entorno local generalmente será un clúster o una grid con carga de trabajo local. Es posible que se envíen trabajos que tengan requisitos de recursos concretos. El entorno local 104 tendrá diversos atributos como sistemas operativos, arquitectura, tipos de red, aplicaciones, software, capacidades de ancho de banda, etc., que el trabajo espera implícitamente. En otras palabras, los trabajos normalmente esperan que el entorno local tenga ciertos atributos que le permitirán consumir los recursos de una manera esperada.
[0023] Se muestra otro software a modo de ejemplo en un administrador de recursos distribuidos tal como Torque 128 y varios nodos 130, 132 y 134. Los módulos de administración (tanto el maestro como el esclavo) pueden interactuar y funcionar con cualquier administrador de recursos, como Torque, LSF, SGE, PBS y LoadLeveler, y son independientes en este aspecto. Los expertos en la materia reconocerán estos diferentes paquetes de software de administrador de recursos distribuidos.
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[0024] Un maestro de alojamiento o módulo de administración de alojamiento 106 también puede ser una instancia de un producto de software Moab con capacidades de centro de alojamiento para permitir que una organización controle dinámicamente los recursos de red, informáticos, de aplicaciones y de almacenamiento, y que suministre de forma dinámica sistemas operativos, de seguridad, de credenciales y otros aspectos de entornos completos informáticos de extremo a extremo. El Módulo 106 es responsable de conocer todas las políticas, garantías, promesas y también de administrar el suministro de recursos dentro del espacio informático utilitario 102. En cierto sentido, el módulo 106 puede denominarse módulo "maestro" porque se acopla y necesita conocer toda la información asociada tanto con el entorno utilitario y el entorno local. Sin embargo, en otro aspecto, puede referirse al módulo esclavo o agente de suministro en el que recibe instrucciones del módulo de administración de clientes 108 para el suministro de recursos y crea cualquier entorno que se solicite en el centro bajo demanda 102. Un módulo esclavo no tendría ninguna de sus propias políticas locales, sino que más bien sigue todas las solicitudes de otro sistema de administración. Por ejemplo, cuando el módulo 106 es el módulo esclavo, entonces un módulo maestro 108 envía solicitudes automatizadas o manuales (a través de un administrador) que el módulo esclavo 106 simplemente cumple para administrar la construcción del entorno solicitado. Por lo tanto, tanto para los usuarios de TI como para los usuarios finales, una única interfaz fácil de usar puede incrementar la eficiencia, reducir los costes, incluidos los costes de administración, y mejorar las inversiones en el entorno del cliente local. La interfaz para el entorno local que también tiene acceso al entorno bajo demanda puede ser también una interfaz web o un portal de acceso. Las restricciones de viabilidad solo pueden existir. El módulo de cliente 108 tendría derechos y propiedad de todos los recursos. Los recursos asignados no se compartirían, sino que estarían dedicados al solicitante. Como el módulo esclavo 106 sigue todas las órdenes del módulo maestro 108, cualquier restricción de política ocurrirá preferiblemente en el módulo maestro 108 en el entorno local.
[0025] Los módulos también prestan servicios de administración de datos que simplifican la adición de recursos a través de un entorno local. Por ejemplo, si el entorno local comprende una red de área amplia, el módulo de administración 108 proporciona un modelo de seguridad que garantiza, cuando el entorno lo exige, que los administradores pueden confiar en el sistema incluso cuando se hayan añadido recursos no confiables de cierto nivel en el entorno local o en el entorno bajo demanda. Además, los módulos de administración cumplen con las arquitecturas basadas en servicios web de n-niveles y, por lo tanto, la escalabilidad y la generación de informes son partes inherentes del sistema. Un sistema que funciona según los principios establecidos en este documento también tiene la capacidad de rastrear, registrar y archivar información sobre trabajos u otros procesos que se han ejecutado en el sistema.
[0026] Un centro de alojamiento 102 proporciona recursos dedicados programados para los clientes para diversos fines y generalmente tiene una serie de atributos clave: acceso remoto seguro, disponibilidad de recursos garantizada en un tiempo o serie de tiempos fijos, servicios de auditoría/contabilidad estrechamente integrados, calidad variable de niveles de servicio que brindan acceso privilegiado a un conjunto de usuarios, administración de imágenes de nodos que permite al centro de alojamiento restaurar una imagen exacta específica del cliente antes de habilitar el acceso. Los recursos disponibles para un módulo 106, que también se puede denominar agente de recursos de proveedor, tendrán atributos rígidos (arquitectura, RAM, espacio de disco local, etc.) y flexibles (SO, colas, aplicaciones instaladas, etc.). El proveedor o el agente 106 de recursos bajo demanda normalmente puede suministrar (modificar dinámicamente) atributos flexibles pero no atributos rígidos. El agente proveedor 106 puede poseer múltiples recursos, cada uno con diferentes tipos con atributos rígidos (es decir, nodos de procesador único y procesador dual, nodos Intel, nodos AMD, nodos con 512 MB de RAM, nodos con 1 GB de RAM, etc.).
[0027] Esta combinación de atributos presenta restricciones únicas en un sistema de administración. Aquí describimos cómo los módulos de administración 108 y 106 son capaces de gestionar, modificar y suministrar de manera efectiva los recursos en este entorno y proporcionar una gama completa de servicios sobre estos recursos.
[0028] La tecnología informática basada en la utilidad permite a un centro de alojamiento 102 aprovechar rápidamente los recursos informáticos existentes, asignar conjuntamente de forma dinámica los recursos y suministrarlos automáticamente en un clúster virtual sin fisuras. Las herramientas avanzadas de administración de políticas y reserva de los módulos de administración brindan soporte para el establecimiento de amplios acuerdos de nivel de servicio, facturación automatizada y generación instantánea de gráficos e informes.
[0029] También en la FIG. 1 se muestran otros componentes tales como un administrador de identidad 112 y un proveedor de nodo 118 como parte del centro de alojamiento 102. El maestro del alojamiento 128 puede incluir una interfaz de administrador de identidad 112 que puede coordinar información global y local con respecto a usuarios, grupos, cuentas y clases asociadas con recursos informáticos. La interfaz de administrador de identidad 112 también puede permitir que el módulo de administración 106 cree y modifique automática y dinámicamente las cuentas de usuario y los atributos de credenciales de acuerdo con las necesidades actuales de carga de trabajo. El maestro de alojamiento 128 permite a los sitios una gran flexibilidad a la hora de definir acceso de credenciales, atributos y relaciones. En la mayoría de los casos, el uso de los parámetros USERCFG, GROUPCFG, ACGOUNTCFG, GlASSCFG y QOSCFG es adecuado para especificar la configuración necesaria. Sin embargo, en ciertos casos, como el siguiente, este enfoque puede no ser ideal o ni siquiera adecuado: entornos con conjuntos de usuarios muy grandes; entornos con configuraciones de credenciales muy dinámicas en términos de objetivos de fairshare, prioridades, restricciones de acceso al servicio y relaciones de credenciales; entornos de grid con servicios de información de mapeo de credenciales externos; entornos empresariales con políticas de equidad basadas en el uso de varios clústeres.
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[0030] Los módulos abordan estos y otros problemas similares a través del uso del administrador de identidad 112. El administrador de identidad 112 permite que el módulo intercambie información con un servicio de administración de identidad externo. Al igual que con las interfaces del administrador de recursos del módulo, este servicio puede ser un paquete comercial completo diseñado para este fin, o algo mucho más simple por el cual el módulo obtiene la información necesaria para un servicio web, archivo de texto o base de datos.
[0031] A continuación, se dirige la atención al proveedor de nodo 118 y, como ejemplo de su funcionamiento, el proveedor de nodo 118 puede habilitar la asignación de recursos en el centro de alojamiento 102 para la carga de trabajo desde un entorno informático local 104. El módulo de administración de clientes 108 se comunicará con el módulo de administración de alojamiento 106 para comenzar el proceso de suministro. En un aspecto, el módulo de suministro 118 puede generar otra instancia del software de administración necesario 120 y 122 que se creará en el entorno del centro de alojamiento así como los nodos informático 124 y 126 para ser consumidos por un trabajo enviado. El nuevo módulo de administración 120 se crea sobre la marcha, tal vez asociado con una solicitud específica y preferiblemente estará operativo en un nodo dedicado. Si el nuevo módulo de administración 120 está asociado a una solicitud o trabajo específico, dado que el trabajo consume los recursos asociados con los nodos informático suministrados 124, 126 y el trabajo se completa, el sistema eliminará el módulo de administración 120 ya que solo fue creado para la petición específica. El nuevo módulo de administración 120 puede conectarse a otros módulos, como el módulo 108. El módulo 120 no tiene necesariamente que crearse, sino que puede generarse sobre la marcha según sea necesario ayudar en la comunicación y el suministro y el uso de los recursos en el entorno de la utilidad 102. Por ejemplo, el módulo 106 puede continuar y asignar nodos dentro del entorno informático de utilidad 102 y conectar estos nodos directamente al módulo 108, pero en ese caso puede perder alguna capacidad de lote como compensación. El maestro de alojamiento 128 que tiene el módulo de administración 106, el administrador de identidades 112 y el proveedor de nodo 118 preferiblemente se ubican conjuntamente con el entorno informático utilitario, pero pueden ser distribuidos. El módulo de administración en el entorno local 108 puede entonces comunicarse directamente con el módulo de administración creado 120 en el centro de alojamiento para gestionar la transferencia de la carga de trabajo y el consumo de los recursos del centro bajo demanda.
[0032] La FIG. 6 proporciona una ilustración de un aspecto del método de utilización del nuevo módulo de administración. Como se muestra, este método comprende recibir una instrucción en un módulo de administración esclavo asociado con un entorno informático bajo demanda desde un módulo de administración maestro asociado con un entorno informático local (602) y basado en la instrucción, creando un nuevo módulo de administración en un nodo en el entorno informático bajo demanda y suministrando al menos un nodo informático en el entorno informático bajo demanda, en el que el nuevo módulo de administración gestiona al menos un nodo informático y se comunica con el módulo de administración maestro (604).
[0033] Hay dos modelos de uso primario admitidos, uno manual y uno automático. En modo manual, utilizar los recursos alojados puede ser tan fácil como ir a un sitio web, especificar lo que se necesita, seleccionar una de las opciones disponibles e iniciar sesión cuando se active el clúster virtual. En modo automático, es aún más simple. Para utilizar los recursos alojados, el usuario simplemente envía trabajos al clúster local. Cuando el clúster local ya no puede proporcionar un nivel adecuado de servicio, se pone en contacto automáticamente con el centro de alojamiento de la utilidad, asigna nodos adicionales y ejecuta los trabajos. El usuario final nunca sabe que el centro de alojamiento existe. Simplemente percibe que el clúster ahora es más grande y que sus trabajos se están ejecutando más rápidamente.
[0034] Cuando se realiza una solicitud de recursos adicionales desde el entorno local, ya sea automática o manualmente, un módulo cliente o agente de recursos del cliente (que puede ser, por ejemplo, una instancia de un módulo de administración 108 o 120) se pondrá en contacto con el agente de recursos del proveedor 106 para solicitar recursos. Enviará información sobre los atributos rígidos de los recursos necesarios, así como la cantidad o recursos necesarios, la duración de la solicitud y el calendario de la solicitud (es decir, hora de inicio, horas del día factibles, etc.). También enviará atributos flexibles que deben suministrarse en el nodos 124, 126. Los atributos de recursos, tanto flexibles como rígidos, pueden provenir de un requisito explícito de carga de trabajo o de requisitos implícitos asociados con los recursos informáticos locales o predeterminados. El agente de recursos del proveedor 106 debe indicar si es posible localizar los recursos solicitados dentro del período de tiempo especificado para una duración suficiente y de cantidad suficiente. Esta tarea incluye unir atributos de recursos rígidos e identificar uno o más pasos de suministro necesarios para implementar todos los atributos flexibles.
[0035] Cuando los recursos del proveedor se identifican y se seleccionan, el agente de recursos del cliente 108 o 120 es responsable de integrar sin interrupciones estos recursos con otros recursos locales. Esto incluye comunicar cantidad de recursos, estado, configuración y carga. E incluye, además, habilitar automáticamente una conexión de confianza con los recursos asignados que pueden realizar la personalización de última milla, la organización de datos y la organización del trabajo. Se proporcionan comandos para crear esta conexión con el agente de recursos del proveedor 106, consultar los recursos disponibles, asignar nuevos recursos, ampliar las asignaciones existentes, reducir las asignaciones existentes y liberar todos los recursos asignados.
[0036] En la mayoría de los casos, el objetivo final de un centro de alojamiento 102 es poner a disposición de un cliente, un entorno completo, seguro y empaquetado que le permita realizar una o más tareas específicas. Este entorno empaquetado puede llamarse clúster virtual y puede consistir en el cómputo, la red, los datos, el software y otros recursos requeridos por el cliente. Para un funcionamiento de éxito, estos recursos deben reunirse y suministrarse o configurarse para proporcionar un entorno sin interrupciones que permita a los clientes realizar sus tareas deseadas de manera rápida y fácil.
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[0037] Otro aspecto de la invención es la interfaz del clúster. El modelo operativo deseado para muchos entornos es proporcionar al cliente una interfaz web de autoservicio totalmente automatizada. Una vez que un cliente se ha registrado con la compañía de alojamiento, se habilita el acceso al portal de un centro de alojamiento. A través de esta interfaz, los clientes describen sus requisitos de carga de trabajo, limitaciones de tiempo y otras piezas clave de información. La interfaz se comunica con los servicios de back-end para determinar cuándo, dónde y cómo se puede crear el clúster virtual necesario e informa al usuario de una serie de opciones. El usuario selecciona la opción deseada y puede monitorear el estado de ese clúster virtual a través de actualizaciones web y por correo electrónico. Cuando el clúster virtual está listo, se proporciona notificación web y por correo electrónico, incluida la información de acceso. El cliente inicia sesión y comienza a trabajar.
[0038] El centro de alojamiento 102 tendrá políticas relacionadas y acuerdos sobre el nivel de servicio. Permitir el acceso en un modelo que se atiende por orden de llegada proporciona beneficios reales, pero en muchos casos, los clientes requieren un acceso fiable con los recursos con una capacidad de respuesta garantizada. Estos requisitos pueden ser cualquier regla de rendimiento, recurso o tiempo, como en los ejemplos siguientes: Necesito mi clúster virtual dentro de las 24 horas de haber preguntado; Quiero un clúster virtual disponible de 14hr a 16hr todos los lunes, miércoles y viernes, quiero tener siempre un clúster virtual disponible y aumentarlo/disminuirlo automáticamente según la carga actual, etc.
[0039] Las políticas de acuerdo de calidad de servicio o nivel de servicio permiten a los clientes convertir los recursos del clúster virtual en una parte estratégica de sus operaciones comerciales, aumentando en gran medida el valor de estos recursos. Entre bastidores, un centro de alojamiento 102 consiste en administradores de recursos, reservas, factores desencadenantes y políticas. Una vez configurada, la administración de dicho sistema implica abordar los fallos comunicados de los recursos (es decir, fallos de disco, interrupciones de la red, etc.) y monitorear el desempeño entregado para determinar si la satisfacción del cliente requiere ajustar políticas o agregar recursos.
[0040] Los módulos asociados con el entorno local 104 y el entorno del centro de alojamiento 102 pueden denominarse como un módulo maestro 108 y un módulo esclavo 106. Esta terminología se refiere a la funcionalidad en la que el centro de alojamiento 102 recibe solicitudes de carga de trabajo y suministro de recursos del módulo 108 y sigue esencialmente esas solicitudes. A este respecto, el módulo 108 puede denominarse agente de recursos del cliente 108 que se pondrá en contacto con un agente de recursos del proveedor 106 (tal como una versión bajo demanda de Moab).
[0041] El módulo de administración 108 también puede ser, a modo de ejemplo, un Moab Workload Manager® que funciona en un modo maestro. El módulo de administración 108 se comunica con el entorno informático para identificar recursos, reservar recursos para el consumo por medio de trabajos, recursos de suministro y, en general, gestionar la utilización de todos los recursos informáticos dentro de un entorno informático. Como puede apreciar un experto en la técnica, estos módulos pueden programarse en cualquier lenguaje de programación, tal como C o C ++ y qué lenguaje es irrelevante para la invención.
[0042] En un funcionamiento típico, un usuario o un grupo envía un trabajo a un entorno informático local 104 a través de una interfaz con el módulo de administración 108. Un ejemplo de un trabajo es la presentación de un programa informático que realizará un análisis del clima para una cadena de televisión que requiere el consumo de una gran cantidad de recursos informáticos. El módulo 108 y/o un planificador opcional 128 tal como TORQUE, como entenderán los expertos en la materia, gestiona la reserva de recursos y el consumo de recursos dentro del entorno 104 de una manera eficiente que cumpla con las políticas y restricciones. El uso de un administrador de recursos como TORQUE 128 es opcional y no se requiere específicamente como parte de la divulgación.
[0043] Un usuario o un grupo de usuarios normalmente entrarán en un acuerdo de nivel de servicio (SLA) que definirá las políticas y garantías para los recursos en el entorno local 104. Por ejemplo, el SLA puede estipular que al usuario se le garanticen 10 procesadores y 50 GB de espacio en el disco duro dentro de las 5 horas posteriores a la presentación de una solicitud de trabajo. Asociado con cualquier usuario, puede haber muchos parámetros relacionados con permisos, garantías, nivel de prioridad, marcos de tiempo, factores de expansión, etc. El factor de expansión es una medida de cuánto tiempo tarda el trabajo en ejecutarse en un entorno local mientras se comparte el entorno con otros trabajos, en comparación con el tiempo que llevaría si el clúster estuviera dedicado exclusivamente al trabajo. Por lo tanto, se relaciona con el impacto de otros trabajos en el desempeño del trabajo en concreto. Una vez que se envía un trabajo, se quedará en una cola de trabajos esperando ser insertado en el grupo 104 para consumir esos recursos. El software de administración analizará continuamente el entorno 104 y realizará reservas de recursos para tratar de optimizar el consumo de recursos dentro del entorno 104. El proceso de optimización debe tener en cuenta todos los SLA de usuarios, otras políticas del entorno 104 y otros factores.
[0044] Como se ha presentado anteriormente, esta descripción proporciona mejoras en la conectividad entre un entorno local 104 y un centro bajo demanda 102. Los desafíos que existen para lograr dicha conexión incluyen la administración de todas las capacidades de los diversos entornos, sus diversas políticas, carga de trabajo actual, carga de trabajo en cola en las colas de trabajos, etc.
[0045] Como declaración general, en este documento se expone un método y sistema para personalizar un entorno informático bajo demanda en función de requisitos de trabajo o requerimiento tanto implícitos como explícitos. Por ejemplo, los requisitos explícitos pueden ser requisitos especificados con un trabajo, como un número específico de nodos o procesador y una cantidad específica de memoria. Muchos otros atributos o requisitos pueden establecerse explícitamente con un envío de trabajo, como los requisitos establecidos en un SLA para ese usuario. Los requisitos implícitos se pueden relacionar con los atributos del entorno informático
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que el trabajo espera en función de dónde se envía. Por ejemplo, el entorno informático local 104 puede tener atributos concretos, tales como, por ejemplo, cierto ancho de banda para transmisión, memoria, licencias de software, procesadores y velocidades de procesador, espacio de memoria de disco duro, y así sucesivamente. Cualquier parámetro que tal vez sea un atributo del entorno local en el que se envía el trabajo puede estar relacionado con un requisito implícito. Cuando un entorno local 104 se comunica con un entorno bajo demanda 102 para la transferencia de carga de trabajo, los requisitos implícitos y explícitos se importan sin interrupciones en el entorno bajo demanda 102 de manera que el trabajo del usuario puede consumir recursos de manera eficiente en el entorno bajo demanda 102 debido a la personalización de ese entorno para el trabajo. Esta comunicación sin interrupciones se produce entre un módulo maestro 108 y un módulo esclavo 106 en los entornos respectivos. Como se muestra en la FIG. 1, también puede crearse un nuevo módulo de administración 120 para un proceso o trabajo específico y también comunicarse con un módulo maestro 108 para gestionar el suministro, el consumo y la limpieza de los nodos informático 124, 126 en el entorno bajo demanda 102.
[0046] Parte del proceso de comunicación sin interrupciones incluye el análisis y el suministro de recursos teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de identificar recursos tales como espacio en el disco duro y capacidades de ancho de banda para realizar realmente la transferencia de la carga de trabajo. Por ejemplo, si se determina que un trabajo en la cola tiene un SLA que garantiza recursos dentro de las 5 horas posteriores a la solicitud, y según el análisis del módulo de administración del entorno local, los recursos no pueden estar disponibles durante 8 horas, y si tal escenario es un evento desencadenante, entonces la conectividad automática e ininterrumpida con el centro bajo demanda 102 incluirá un análisis de cuánto tiempo llevará suministrar un entorno en el centro bajo demanda que coincida o sea apropiado para que se ejecute el trabajo. Ese proceso, de suministrar el entorno en el centro bajo demanda 102, y transferir la carga de trabajo desde el entorno local 104 al centro bajo demanda 102, puede llevar, por ejemplo, 1 hora. En ese caso, el centro bajo demanda comenzará el proceso de suministro una hora antes del tiempo requerido de 5 horas, de modo que pueda producirse el suministro del entorno y la transferencia de datos para cumplir con el SLA para ese usuario. Este proceso de suministro puede implicar reservar recursos dentro del centro bajo demanda 102 desde el módulo maestro 108, como se analizará más adelante.
[0047] La FIG. 3 ilustra una realización a este respecto, en la que un método comprende detectar un evento en un entorno informático local (302). El evento tal vez sea un evento de necesidad de recursos, como una necesidad actual de recursos o una necesidad de recursos prevista. En función del evento detectado, un módulo establece automáticamente la comunicación con un entorno informático bajo demanda (304). Esto también puede implicar la negociación dinámica y el establecimiento de una relación grid/peer basada en el evento de necesidad de recursos. Un módulo suministra recursos dentro del entorno informático bajo demanda (306) y la carga de trabajo se transfiere desde el entorno local de forma transparente al entorno informático bajo demanda (308). Preferiblemente, la información local se importa al entorno bajo demanda y la información bajo demanda se comunica al entorno informático local, aunque tal vez solo sea necesario transmitir la información del entorno local al entorno bajo demanda. Normalmente, al menos la información del entorno local se comunica y también la información del trabajo puede comunicarse al entorno bajo demanda. Ejemplos de información del entorno local pueden ser al menos uno de información de clase, información de política de configuración y otra información. La información del centro bajo demanda puede estar relacionada con al menos uno de los recursos, la disponibilidad de recursos, los plazos asociados con los recursos y cualquier otro tipo de datos que informe al entorno local de la oportunidad y disponibilidad de los recursos bajo demanda. La comunicación y la administración de los datos entre el módulo maestro o el módulo cliente en el entorno local y el módulo esclavo son preferiblemente transparentes y desconocidas para el usuario que envió la carga de trabajo al entorno local. Sin embargo, un aspecto puede proporcionar una notificación al usuario sobre el uso de los recursos bajo demanda y el progreso y la disponibilidad de esos recursos.
[0048] Los eventos desencadenantes de ejemplo pueden estar relacionados con al menos uno de un umbral de recurso, un umbral de servicio, carga de trabajo y un umbral de política u otros factores. Además, el evento puede basarse en una carga de trabajo asociada con el entorno informático local o un subconjunto de carga de trabajo asociado con el entorno informático o cualquier otro subconjunto de un parámetro determinado o puede ser externo al entorno informático, como un desastre natural o un corte de energía o evento predicho.
[0049] La descripción a continuación proporciona diversos aspectos de este proceso de conectividad entre un entorno local 104 y un centro bajo demanda 102. El CD presentado con la Solicitud de Patente Provisional prioritaria incluye el código fuente que lleva a cabo esta funcionalidad. Los diversos aspectos incluirán un enfoque de activación automática para transferir la carga de trabajo del entorno local 104 al centro a demanda 102, un método manual de "un clic" para integrar el entorno informático bajo demanda 102 con el entorno local 104 y un concepto relacionado con la reserva de recursos en el entorno informático bajo demanda 102 del entorno informático local 104.
[0050] El primer aspecto se refiere a permitir la detección automática de un evento de activación tal como pasar un umbral de recurso o umbral de servicio dentro del entorno informático 104. Este proceso puede ser dinámico e implica la identificación de recursos en un centro de alojamiento, asignando recursos y liberándolos después del consumo. Estos procesos pueden ser automatizados basándose en una serie de factores, tales como: umbrales de rendimiento de la carga de trabajo y credenciales; el tiempo actual de un trabajo que espera en la cola para su ejecución, (tiempo de espera) (es decir, asignar si un trabajo ha esperado más de 20 minutos para recibir recursos); el factor de expansión actual de un trabajo que se relaciona con una comparación del afecto de otros trabajos que consumen recursos locales tiene sobre el trabajo particular en comparación con un valor si el trabajo fue el único trabajo que consumió recursos en el entorno local; la carga de ejecución actual de un trabajo (es decir, asignar si la carga en los recursos asignados del trabajo excede de 0,9); la cantidad de carga de
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trabajo acumulada (es decir, asignar si existen más de 50,000 horas de trabajo proc); el tiempo medio de respuesta de un trabajo en la gestión de transacciones (es decir, asignar si los informes de trabajo demoran más de 0,5 segundos en procesar la transacción); una cantidad de fallos que la carga de trabajo ha experimentado (es decir, asignar si un trabajo no puede comenzar después de 10 intentos); utilización general del sistema (es decir, asignar si se utiliza más del 80% de la máquina) y otros. Esta es una lista de ejemplos y los expertos en la materia reconocerán otros factores que tal vez se identifiquen como eventos desencadenantes.
[0051] Otros eventos o umbrales desencadenantes pueden comprender un umbral de rendimiento de carga de trabajo predicho. Esto se relacionaría con la misma lista de eventos anteriores pero se aplicaría en el contexto de las predicciones hechas por un módulo de administración o agente de recursos del cliente.
[0052] Otra relación de eventos de ejemplo que pueden desencadenar la comunicación con el centro de alojamiento incluye, pero no se limita a, eventos tales como fallos de recursos que incluyen nodos informáticos, red, almacenamiento, licencia (es decir, incluyendo licencias caducadas); fallos en el servicio que incluyen DNS, servicios de información, servicios web, servicios de bases de datos, servicios de seguridad; evento externo detectado (es decir, corte de energía o emergencia nacional comunicada) y así sucesivamente. Estos eventos o umbrales desencadenantes pueden aplicarse para asignar recursos iniciales, ampliar los recursos asignados, reducir los recursos asignados y liberar todos los recursos asignados. Por lo tanto, aunque el debate principal en este documento se refiere a una asignación inicial de recursos, estos eventos desencadenantes pueden causar una cantidad de acciones relacionadas con los recursos. Los eventos y umbrales también pueden asociarse con cualquier subconjunto de trabajos o nodos (es decir, asignar solo si se excede el retraso acumulado en trabajos de alta prioridad o trabajos de un determinado usuario o proyecto o asignar recursos solo si ciertos nodos de servicio fallan o ciertas licencias se convierten en no disponibles.)
[0053] Por ejemplo, si umbral del 95% del consumo del procesador se cumple un por 951 procesadores de los 1000 procesadores en el entorno, entonces el sistema (que puede incluir o no el módulo de administración de matriz 108) establece automáticamente una conexión con el entorno bajo demanda 102. Otro tipo de umbral también puede desencadenar la conexión automática tal como un umbral recibido del nivel de servicio, un umbral pronosticado de nivel de servicio, un umbral basado en políticas, un umbral o evento asociado con cambios de entorno tales como un fallo de recursos (nodo informático, dispositivo de almacenamiento de red, o fallos en el servicio).
[0054] En un umbral de nivel de servicio, un ejemplo es cuando un SLA especifica cierto requisito de nivel de servicio para un cliente, tal como recursos disponibles dentro de las 5 horas. Si no se cumple un umbral real, es decir, un trabajo ha esperado ahora durante 5 horas sin poder consumir recursos, o si se prevé que no se alcanzará un umbral, estos pueden desencadenar eventos para la comunicación con el centro bajo demanda. El módulo 108 se comunica luego con el administrador esclavo 106 para suministrar o personalizar los recursos bajo demanda 102. Los dos entornos intercambian la información necesaria para crear reservas de recursos, suministros, gestionar licencias, etc., necesarios para permitir la transferencia automática de trabajos u otra carga de trabajo desde el entorno local 104 al entorno bajo demanda 102. Para una tarea o trabajo en particular, toda o parte de la carga de trabajo puede transferirse al centro bajo demanda. Nada cambia sobre un trabajo de usuario 110 enviado a un módulo de administración 108. El entorno bajo demanda 102 luego comienza a ejecutar el trabajo instantáneamente sin ningún cambio en el trabajo o tal vez ningún conocimiento del remitente.
[0055] Hay varios aspectos de la divulgación que se muestran en el código fuente en el CD. Una es la capacidad de intercambiar información. Por ejemplo, para la transferencia automática de carga de trabajo al centro bajo demanda, el sistema importará clases remotas, información de política de configuración y otra información desde el planificador 108 local al planificador esclavo 106 para uso por el entorno 102 bajo demanda. La información con respecto al entorno informático bajo demanda, los recursos, las políticas, etc. también se comunican desde el módulo esclavo 106 al módulo local 108.
[0056] El evento desencadenante para el establecimiento automático de la comunicación con el centro bajo demanda y una transferencia de carga de trabajo al centro bajo demanda puede ser un umbral aprobado o un evento que haya ocurrido. Los valores de umbral pueden comprender un nivel de servicio alcanzado, un nivel de servicio previsto, etc. Por ejemplo, un trabajo esperando en una cola por cierto tiempo puede desencadenar un proceso para contactar con el centro bajo demanda y transferir ese trabajo al centro bajo demanda para que se ejecute. Si una cola tiene cierto número de trabajos que no se han enviado al entorno informático para su procesamiento, si un trabajo tiene un factor de expansión con cierto valor, si un trabajo no se pudo iniciar en un clúster local una o más veces por cualquier motivo, estos tipos de eventos pueden desencadenar la comunicación con el centro bajo demanda. Estos han sido ejemplos de valores de umbral que, cuando pasen, activarán la comunicación con el entorno bajo demanda.
[0057] Los eventos de ejemplo que también pueden desencadenar la comunicación con el entorno bajo demanda incluyen, entre otros, eventos tales como la fallo de nodos dentro del entorno, fallo de almacenamiento, fallo del servicio, caducidad de la licencia, fallo del software de administración, fallo del administrador de recursos, etc. En otras palabras, cualquier evento que pueda estar relacionado con algún recurso o la administración de cualquier recurso en el entorno informático pueda ser un evento calificado que puede desencadenar la transferencia de la carga de trabajo a un centro bajo demanda. En cuanto al vencimiento de la licencia, si en un entorno local de un determinado paquete de software la licencia va a caducar de tal manera que un trabajo no puede consumir recursos adecuadamente y utilizar el paquete de software, el módulo maestro 108 puede comunicarse con el módulo esclavo 106 para determinar si el centro bajo demanda tiene la licencia requerida para ese software. Si es así, entonces se puede negociar el suministro de los recursos en el centro bajo demanda y transferir la carga de trabajo en donde puede consumir recursos bajo un marco legal adecuado y autorizado.
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[0058] La base para el umbral o el evento que desencadena la comunicación, suministro y transferencia de la carga de trabajo al centro bajo demanda pueden ser todos los trabajos/cargas de trabajo asociados con el entorno informático local o un subconjunto de trabajos/carga de trabajo asociado con el entorno informático local. En otras palabras, el análisis de cuándo un evento y/o umbral debe desencadenar la transferencia de la carga de trabajo puede basarse en un subconjunto de trabajos. Por ejemplo, el análisis puede basarse en todos los trabajos enviados por una persona o grupo en particular o tal vez en función de un determinado tipo de trabajo, como el subconjunto de trabajos que requerirá más de 5 horas de tiempo de procesamiento para ejecutarse. Cualquier parámetro puede definirse para el subconjunto de trabajos utilizados para basar el evento desencadenante.
[0059] La interacción y comunicación entre el entorno informático local y el entorno informático bajo demanda habilita un proceso mejorado para el crecimiento dinámico y la elusión del espacio de recursos suministrados en función de la carga. Este equilibrio de carga entre el centro bajo demanda y el entorno local puede estar basado en umbrales, eventos, toda la carga de trabajo asociada con el entorno local o un subconjunto de la carga de trabajo del entorno local.
[0060] Otro aspecto de la divulgación es la capacidad de automatizar la administración de datos entre dos sitios. Esto implica la administración transparente de la administración de datos entre el entorno bajo demanda 102 y el entorno local 104 que es transparente para el usuario. Normalmente, la información del entorno siempre se comunicará entre el entorno local 104 y el entorno bajo demanda 102. En algunos casos, la información del trabajo puede no necesitar comunicarse porque un trabajo puede recopilar su propia información, por ejemplo, desde Internet, o por otros motivos. Por lo tanto, al preparar el suministro de recursos en el entorno bajo demanda, se comunica toda la información o un subconjunto de información para habilitar el proceso. Todavía otro aspecto de la invención se refiere a un mecanismo simple y fácil para permitir la integración del centro bajo demanda. Este aspecto de la invención implica la capacidad del usuario o administrador para, en una sola acción como el clic de un botón o una acción de un solo clic, poder ordenar la integración de una información y capacidad del centro bajo demanda en el administrador de recursos locales 108.
[0061] Esta característica se ilustra en la FIG. 4. Un módulo, preferiblemente asociado con el entorno informático local, recibe una solicitud de un administrador para integrar un entorno informático bajo demanda en el entorno informático local (402). La creación de una reserva o de un suministro de recursos en el entorno bajo demanda puede ser a partir de una solicitud de un administrador o agente local o remoto automatizado. En este sentido, los diversos módulos integrarán automáticamente la información del entorno informático local con la información del entorno informático bajo demanda para tener disponibles los recursos del entorno informático bajo demanda a los solicitantes de recursos en el entorno informático local (404). La integración del entorno informático bajo demanda puede incluir: configuración de recursos, información de estado, informes de utilización de recursos, información de envío de trabajos, administración de recursos de información de administración de trabajos, controles de políticas que incluyen prioridad, propiedad de recursos, configuración de colas, contabilidad y seguimiento de trabajos y recursos contabilidad y seguimiento. Por lo tanto, el análisis detallado y el seguimiento de trabajos y recursos pueden comunicarse desde el centro bajo demanda a la interfaz del entorno informático local. Además, este proceso de integración también puede incluir un paso de creación automática de al menos una de una interfaz de migración de datos y una interfaz de migración de trabajos.
[0062] Otro aspecto proporciona un método para integrar un entorno informático bajo demanda en un entorno informático local. El método comprende recibir una solicitud de un administrador o mediante un comando automatizado desde un desencadenante de evento o acción de administrador para integrar un entorno informático bajo demanda en un entorno informático local. En respuesta a la solicitud, la información de carga de trabajo local y/o la información de configuración de recursos se enruta a un centro bajo demanda y se crea y personaliza un entorno en el centro bajo demanda y es compatible con los requisitos de carga de trabajo enviados al entorno informático local. La facturación y el cálculo de costos también se integran y tratan automáticamente.
[0063] El intercambio y la integración de toda la información necesaria y el conocimiento de los recursos se pueden realizar en una sola acción o hacer clic para ampliar el conjunto de recursos que tal vez estén disponibles para los usuarios que tienen acceso inicialmente solo al entorno informático local 104. El sistema puede recibir también la solicitud de integrar un entorno informático bajo demanda en un entorno informático local de otras maneras, como cualquier tipo de solicitud multimodal, solicitud de voz, graffiti en una solicitud de pantalla sensible al tacto, detección de movimiento, etc. Por lo tanto, la acción de un solo clic puede ser un simple toque en una pantalla sensible al tacto o un solo comando de voz como "integrar" u otro comando o entrada multi-modal que es de naturaleza simple y singular. En respuesta a la solicitud, el sistema integra automáticamente la información del entorno informático local con la información del entorno informático bajo demanda para habilitar los recursos del entorno informático bajo demanda disponible para los solicitantes de recursos en el entorno informático local.
[0064] El enfoque de un solo clic se refiere al enfoque automático que se espera de un ser humano en el medio del proceso. Por ejemplo, si se pasa un umbral o un evento desencadenante, se puede enviar un correo electrónico o un aviso a un administrador con opciones para asignar recursos del centro bajo demanda. Al administrador se le pueden presentar una o más opciones relacionadas con los diferentes tipos de asignaciones que están disponibles en el centro bajo demanda, y mediante un solo clic o una acción, el administrador puede seleccionar la acción apropiada. Por ejemplo, tres opciones pueden incluir 500 procesadores en 1 hora, 700 procesadores en 2 horas; y 1000 procesadores en 10 horas. Las opciones pueden ser inteligentes ya que pueden tener en cuenta el evento desencadenante concreto, los costes de utilizar el entorno bajo demanda, los SLA, las políticas y cualquier otro parámetro para presentar opciones que cumplan con las políticas y los
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recursos disponibles. El administrador puede recibir una selección recomendada basada en los SLA, el coste o cualquier otro parámetro que se analice en este documento, pero luego puede elegir el paquete de asignación específico para el centro bajo demanda. El administrador también puede tener una opción, sin una alerta, para ver posibles paquetes de asignación en el centro bajo demanda si el administrador conoce un evento próximo que los módulos no pueden detectar, como una reunión con un grupo en el que deciden presentar un gran trabajo al día siguiente que claramente requerirá recursos bajo demanda. El enfoque de un solo clic encapsula la instrucción de línea de comando para proceder con la asignación de recursos bajo demanda.
[0065] Uno de los aspectos de la divulgación es la integración de un entorno bajo demanda 102 y un entorno informático local 104 es que los datos globales aparecen localmente. En otras palabras, el planificador local 108 tendrá acceso a los recursos y conocimiento del entorno bajo demanda 102 salvo esos recursos, con el cumplimiento adecuado de los requisitos de políticas locales, se gestiona localmente y aparece localmente para los usuarios y administradores del entorno local 104.
[0066] Otro aspecto de la invención que se habilita con el código fuente adjunto es la capacidad de especificar información de configuración y alimentarla a lo largo de la línea. Por ejemplo, la interacción entre los entornos informáticos admite reservas estáticas. Una reserva estática es una reserva que un usuario o administrador no puede cambiar, eliminar o destruir. Es una reserva que está asociada con el propio administrador de recursos 108. Una reserva estática bloquea los periodos de tiempo cuando los recursos no están disponibles para otros usos. Por ejemplo, si para permitir que un entorno informático ejecute una carga de trabajo (o consuma) recursos, un trabajo tarda una hora en suministrar recursos, entonces el módulo 108 puede hacer una reserva estática de recursos para el proceso de suministro. El módulo 108 creará localmente una reserva estática para el componente de suministro para ejecutar el trabajo. El módulo 108 informará sobre estas restricciones asociadas con la reserva estática creada dentro del entorno informático bajo demanda.
[0067] Entonces, el módulo 108 se comunicará con el módulo esclavo 106 si se necesitan recursos bajo demanda para ejecutar un trabajo. El módulo 108 se comunica con el módulo esclavo 106 e identifica qué recursos se necesitan (20 procesadores y 512 MB de memoria, por ejemplo) y pregunta cuándo pueden estar disponibles esos recursos. Supongamos que módulo 106 responde que los procesadores y la memoria estarán disponibles en una hora y que el módulo 108 puede tener esos recursos durante 36 horas. Una vez que se ha comunicado toda la información apropiada entre los módulos 106 y 108, entonces el módulo 108 crea una reserva estática para bloquear la primera parte de los recursos que requiere una hora de suministro. El módulo 108 también puede bloquear los recursos con una reserva estática desde la hora 36 hasta el infinito hasta que los recursos desaparezcan. Por lo tanto, de cero a una hora está bloqueada por una reserva estática y desde el final de las 36 horas hasta el infinito está bloqueada. De esta forma, el planificador 108 puede optimizar los recursos bajo demanda y asegurar que estén disponibles para cargas de trabajo locales. La comunicación entre los módulos 106 y 108 se realiza preferiblemente a través de un túnel.
[0068] Otro aspecto se refiere a recibir solicitudes o información asociada con recursos en un centro bajo demanda. Un ejemplo lo ilustrará. Supongamos que una empresa tiene una reserva de recursos dentro de un centro bajo demanda, pero luego descubre que su presupuesto se reduce para el año. Existe un mecanismo para que un administrador ingrese información tal como una solicitud de cancelación de una reserva para que no tenga que pagar por el consumo de los recursos. Aquí puede contemplarse cualquier tipo de modificación de los recursos bajo demanda. Este proceso implica la traducción de un estado actual o futuro del entorno para un requisito de la modificación de los recursos utilizables. Otro ejemplo incluye cuando un grupo determina que ejecutará un gran trabajo durante el fin de semana sabiendo que necesitará más que el entorno local. Un administrador puede enviar en el agente de recursos local 108 una presentación de información asociada con un parámetro, tal como una solicitud de recursos y el agente local 108 se comunicará con el centro de alojamiento 106 y los recursos necesarios se pueden reservar en el centro bajo demanda incluso antes de que el trabajo se envíe al entorno local.
[0069] La modificación de los recursos dentro del centro bajo demanda puede ser un aumento, disminución o cancelación de recursos o reservas de recursos. Los parámetros pueden ser una solicitud directa de recursos o una modificación de recursos o tal vez un cambio en un SLA que luego puede desencadenar otras modificaciones. Por ejemplo, si un SLA impidió que un usuario obtuviera más de 500 nodos en un centro bajo demanda y una reserva actual ha maximizado esta solicitud, un cambio en el acuerdo SLA que amplió este parámetro puede hacer que el módulo 106 aumente automáticamente la reserva de nodos de acuerdo con el SLA o modificado. Cambiar las políticas de esta manera, puede o no afectar los recursos en el centro bajo demanda.
[0070] La FIG. 5 ilustra una realización del método relacionada con la modificación de recursos en el entorno informático bajo demanda. El método incluye recibir información en un agente de recursos locales que está asociado con recursos dentro de un entorno informático bajo demanda (502). Basándose en la información, el método incluye comunicar las instrucciones del agente de recursos local al entorno informático bajo demanda (504) y modificar los recursos asociados con el entorno informático bajo demanda basado en las instrucciones (506). Como se mencionó anteriormente, los ejemplos del tipo de información que se puede recibir incluyen información asociada con una solicitud de una nueva reserva, una cancelación de una reserva existente o una modificación de una reserva, como la ampliación o contratación de los recursos reservados en el entrono informático bajo demanda. Otros ejemplos incluyen una política revisada o revisión de un SLA que altera (aumenta o tal vez disminuye) los recursos permitidos que puedan estar reservados en el centro bajo demanda. El módulo maestro 108 proporcionará entonces instrucciones al módulo esclavo 106 para crear o modificar reservas en el entorno informático bajo demanda o para hacer alguna otra alteración a los recursos tal y como se indica.
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[0071] La recepción de información de requisitos de recursos puede basarse en las especificaciones del usuario, la carga de trabajo actual o prevista. La especificación de los recursos puede ser totalmente explícita, o parcialmente o totalmente implícita basada en la carga de trabajo o en clústeres virtuales privados (concepto de paquete VPC donde el paquete VPC puede incluir aspectos del entorno de soporte asignado o de suministro y ajustes a los plazos de solicitud de recursos, incluida la asignación previa; duración de la asignación y ajustes del marco de tiempo posterior a la asignación. La aplicación incorporada anterior incluye el análisis de clústeres privados virtuales que son completamente aplicables e integrados en esta divulgación y la capacidad con centros bajo demanda. Los recursos reservados pueden estar asociados con el suministro o la personalización del entorno informático entregado. Una reserva puede implicar la asignación conjunta de recursos, incluida cualquier combinación de recursos informáticos, de red, de almacenamiento, de licencia o de servicio (es decir, servicios de bases de datos paralelos, servicios de seguridad, servicios de suministro) como parte de una reserva en múltiples tipos de recursos diferentes. Además, la asignación conjunta de recursos en plazos disjuntos para mejorar la disponibilidad y la utilización de los recursos puede formar parte de una reserva o modificación de recursos. Los recursos también se pueden reservar con manejo automatizado de fallos y recuperación de recursos.
[0072] Otra característica asociada con las reservas de recursos dentro del entorno bajo demanda es el uso del suministrar relleno. Este es un enfoque alternativo a la reserva estática discutida anteriormente. Por ejemplo, si una reserva de recursos requiere 2 horas de tiempo de procesamiento para 5 nodos, entonces esa reserva tal vez se cree en el centro bajo demanda según lo indique el agente de recursos del cliente 108. Como parte de esa misma reserva o como parte de un proceso separado, la reserva puede modificarse o ajustarse para aumentar su duración para acomodar los procesos de suministro y limpieza. Por lo tanto, puede ser necesario que haya media hora antes del comienzo del bloque de dos horas en el que debe producirse la transmisión de datos, la configuración del sistema operativo o cualquier otra etapa de suministro. De manera similar, al final de las dos horas, pueden ser necesario 15 minutos para limpiar los nodos y transmitir los datos procesados al almacenamiento o volver al entorno informático local. Por lo tanto, puede producirse un ajuste de la reserva para tener en cuenta este suministro en el entorno bajo demanda. Esto puede ocurrir o no de forma automática, por ejemplo, el usuario puede solicitar recursos durante 2 horas y el sistema puede analizar automáticamente el trabajo enviado o utilizar otra información para ajustar automáticamente la reserva para las necesidades de suministro. El administrador también puede comprender las necesidades de suministro y solicitar específicamente una reserva con parches de suministro en uno o ambos extremos de la reserva.
[0073] Un trabajo también se puede dividirse en componentes y solo un aspecto del trabajo se transfiere a un centro bajo demanda para su procesamiento. En ese caso, los módulos trabajarán conjuntamente para permitir la asignación conjunta de recursos a través de recursos locales y recursos bajo demanda. Por ejemplo, la memoria y los procesadores pueden asignarse en el entorno local, mientras que el espacio en disco se asigna en el centro bajo demanda. En este sentido, el módulo de administración local podría solicitar los recursos particulares necesarios para la asignación conjunta del centro bajo demanda y, cuando el trabajo se envíe para su procesamiento, esa parte del trabajo consumiría los recursos del centro bajo demanda, mientras que la parte restante del trabajo consume recursos locales. Esto también puede ser un proceso manual o automático para gestionar la asignación conjunta de recursos.
[0074] Otro aspecto se refiere a la interacción entre el módulo de administración maestro 106 y el módulo de administración esclavo 106. Supongamos un escenario donde el entorno informático local solicita recursos inmediatos del centro bajo demanda. A través de la comunicación entre los entornos locales y bajo demanda, éste último notifica al entorno local que los recursos no están disponibles durante ocho horas, pero proporciona la información sobre esos recursos en las ocho horas. En el entorno local, el módulo de administración 108 puede ordenar al módulo de administración bajo demanda 106 que establezca una reserva para esos recursos lo antes posible (en ocho horas) que incluye, tal vez, suministrar relleno para gastos generales. Por lo tanto, aunque el entorno local solicitó recursos inmediatos del centro bajo demanda, lo mejor que se puede hacer en este caso es una reserva de recursos en ocho horas dadas las necesidades de suministro y otras cargas de trabajo y trabajos que se ejecutan en el centro bajo demanda. Por lo tanto, los trabajos que se ejecutan o que están en cola en el entorno local tendrán la oportunidad de acceder a la reserva y se les dará una variedad de parámetros, por ejemplo, el trabajo número 12 tiene prioridad o la oportunidad de obtener una primera opción de esos recursos reservados.
[0075] Con referencia a la FIG. 2, un sistema ejemplar para implementar la invención incluye un dispositivo informático de propósito general 200, que incluye una unidad de procesamiento (CPU) 220, una memoria de sistema 230 y un bus de sistema 210 que acopla varios componentes del sistema incluyendo la memoria del sistema 230 a la unidad de procesamiento 220. El bus de sistema 210 puede ser cualquiera de varios tipos de estructuras de bus que incluyen un bus de memoria o controlador de memoria, un bus periférico y un bus local usando cualquier variedad de arquitecturas de bus. El sistema también puede incluir otra memoria, como la memoria de solo lectura (ROM) 240 y la memoria de acceso aleatorio (RAM) 250. Una entrada/salida (BIOS) básica, que contiene la rutina básica que ayuda a transferir información entre elementos dentro del dispositivo informático 200, tal como durante el arranque, normalmente se almacena en la ROM 240. El dispositivo informático 200 incluye además medios de almacenamiento tales como una unidad de disco duro 260, una unidad de disco magnético, una unidad de disco óptico, unidad de cinta o similar. El dispositivo de almacenamiento 260 está conectado al bus de sistema 210 mediante una interfaz de unidad. Las unidades y los medios legibles por ordenador asociados proporcionan almacenamiento no volátil de instrucciones legibles por ordenador, estructuras de datos, módulos de programa y otros datos para el dispositivo informático 200. A este respecto, las diversas funciones asociadas con la invención que se presentan principalmente como la realización
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del método de la invención pueden practicarse utilizando cualquier lenguaje de programación y módulos de programación para realizar la operación asociada dentro del sistema o entorno informático. Aquí, el entorno informático puede ser un clúster, grid o cualquier otro tipo de recurso básico coordinado y también puede referirse a dos entornos informáticos separados que coordinan la carga de trabajo, el flujo de trabajo, etc., como un entorno informático local y un entorno informático bajo demanda. Cualquier módulo de programación de este tipo se asociará preferentemente con una administración de recursos o administrador de carga de trabajo u otro software de administración de entorno informático, como Moab, pero también se puede programar por separado. Los expertos en la materia conocen los componentes básicos y se contemplan variaciones apropiadas dependiendo del tipo de dispositivo, como si el dispositivo es un pequeño dispositivo informático de mano, un ordenador de sobremesa o un servidor informático.
[0021] Aunque el entorno ejemplar descrito en la presente memoria emplea el disco duro, los expertos en la materia apreciarán que existen otros tipos de medios legibles por ordenador que pueden almacenar datos a los que puede acceder un ordenador, tales como casetes magnéticos, tarjetas de memoria flash, discos de vídeo digitales, cartuchos de memoria, memorias de acceso aleatorio (RAM), memoria de solo lectura (ROM), y similares, también se pueden usar en el entorno de funcionamiento de ejemplo. El sistema anterior proporciona un ejemplo de servidor o dispositivo informático que tal vez se utiliza y se conecta en red con un clúster, clústeres o una grid para administrar los recursos de acuerdo con los principios establecidos en este documento. También se reconoce que pueden desarrollarse otras configuraciones de hardware en el futuro sobre las cuales el método pueda funcionar.
[0076] Las realizaciones dentro del alcance de la presente invención también pueden incluir medios legibles por ordenador para llevar o tener instrucciones ejecutables por ordenador o estructuras de datos almacenadas en el mismo. Dichos medios legibles por ordenador puede ser cualquier medio disponible al que se pueda acceder mediante un ordenador de propósito general o de propósito especial. A modo de ejemplo, y sin carácter limitativo, dichos medios legibles por ordenador pueden comprender RAM, ROM, EEPROM, cD-ROM u otro almacenamiento en disco óptico, almacenamiento en disco magnético u otros dispositivos de almacenamiento magnético, o cualquier otro medio que pueda usarse para transportar o almacenar el código de programa deseado en forma de instrucciones ejecutables por ordenador o estructuras de datos. Cuando la información se transfiere o se proporciona a través de una red u otra conexión de comunicaciones (ya sea por cable, inalámbrica o una combinación de ambas) a un ordenador, éste ve apropiadamente la conexión como un medio legible por ordenador. Por lo tanto, cualquier conexión de este tipo se denomina correctamente medio legible por ordenador. Las combinaciones de lo anterior también deben incluirse dentro del alcance de los medios legibles por ordenador.
[0077] Las instrucciones ejecutables por ordenador incluyen, por ejemplo, instrucciones y datos que causan que un ordenador de propósito general, un ordenador de propósito especial o un dispositivo de procesamiento de propósito especial realice cierta función o grupo de funciones. Las instrucciones ejecutables por ordenador también incluyen módulos de programa que son ejecutados por ordenador en entornos autónomos o de red. En general, los módulos de programa incluyen rutinas, programas, objetos, componentes y estructuras de datos, etc. que realizan tareas particulares o implementan tipos de datos abstractos concretos. Las instrucciones ejecutables por ordenador, las estructuras de datos asociadas y los módulos de programa representan ejemplos de los medios de código de programa para ejecutar los pasos de los métodos descritos en este documento. La secuencia concreta de dichas instrucciones ejecutables o estructuras de datos asociadas representa ejemplos de actos correspondientes para implementar las funciones descritas en dichos pasos.
[0078] Los expertos en la materia apreciarán que otras realizaciones de la invención puedan realizarse en entornos informáticos de red con muchos tipos de configuraciones de sistemas informáticos, que incluyen ordenadores personales, dispositivos manuales, sistemas multiprocesador, productos electrónicos de consumo programables o basados en microprocesador, PG de red, miniordenadores, ordenadores centrales y similares. Las formas de realización también pueden practicarse en entornos informáticos distribuidos donde las tareas se realizan mediante dispositivos de procesamiento local y remoto que están vinculados (ya sea mediante enlaces cableados, enlaces inalámbricos o una combinación de los mismos) a través de una red de comunicaciones. Como también se puede apreciar, en sí mismo, gestionándose según los principios de la invención, tal vez una realización de la invención. Por lo tanto, las realizaciones separadas pueden incluir un entorno informático bajo demanda, un entorno informático local, ambos entornos juntos como un entorno informático más general, y así sucesivamente. En un entorno informático distribuido, los módulos de programa pueden ubicarse en dispositivos de almacenamiento de memoria tanto locales como remotos. De acuerdo con esto, el alcance de las reivindicaciones debería estar gobernado por las reivindicaciones y sus equivalentes de más abajo más que por cualquier ejemplo concreto en la especificación.
Claims (20)
- 5101520253035404550556065REIVINDICACIONES1. Un método de administración de recursos entre un entorno informático local y un entorno bajo demanda, el método comprende:detectar un evento en el entorno informático local o recibir una solicitud;establecer automáticamente, para el evento o solicitud, la comunicación entre un módulo de administración (108) que gestiona el entorno informático local (104) y un módulo de administración (106) que gestiona el entorno informático bajo demanda (102) que tiene uno o más nodos disponibles para procesar carga de trabajo, el módulo de administración (108) que gestiona el entorno informático local (104) está separado del módulo de administración (106) que gestiona el entorno informático bajo demanda (102);basándose en la comunicación, asignar recursos dentro del entorno informático bajo demanda (102) para generar recursos asignados y personalizar atributos flexibles de los recursos asignados para que coincidan con los requisitos de la carga de trabajo para generar recursos personalizados, donde la personalización de los atributos flexibles de los recursos informáticos asignados comprende el suministro dinámico de un sistema operativo y además puede comprender al menos uno de los recursos de red que controlan dinámicamente los recursos de aplicación o los recursos de almacenamiento y la seguridad o las credenciales de suministro dinámico; ysuministrar recursos para transferir la carga de trabajo presentada para procesar en el entorno informático local (104) de forma transparente al entorno informático bajo demanda (102) para consumir los recursos personalizados, donde la carga de trabajo consume los recursos personalizados en el entorno informático bajo demanda (102) de acuerdo con los controles de políticas que rigen cómo administrar el entorno informático local (104).
- 2. El método de la reivindicación 1, que comprende además transferir la carga de trabajo presentada para el procesamiento al entorno informático bajo demanda (102).
- 3. El método de la reivindicación 1 o 2, en el que al menos uno de lo siguiente: (i) la información local asociada con el entorno informático local (104) se importa al entorno informático bajo demanda (102) y (ii) la información bajo demanda asociada con el entorno informático bajo demanda (102) se comunica al entorno informático local.
- 4. El método de la reivindicación 3, en el que la información de carga de trabajo se comunica desde el entorno informático local (104) al entorno informático bajo demanda (102).
- 5. Método según la reivindicación 3, en el que la información bajo demanda se comunica al entorno informático local (104), la información bajo demanda se refiere a la disponibilidad de recursos en el entorno informático bajo demanda (102) para su uso por el entorno informático local (104).
- 6. El método de la reivindicación 1 o 2, que comprende además:gestionar de forma transparente la administración de datos entre el módulo de administración (106) que gestiona el entorno informático bajo demanda (102) y el módulo de administración (108) que gestiona el entorno informático local (104).
- 7. El método de la reivindicación 6, donde gestionar de forma transparente la administración de datos comprende manejar la administración de datos de forma que el suministro de recursos dentro del entorno informático bajo demanda (102) y la transferencia de carga de trabajo desde el entorno informático local (104) se realiza de forma desconocida para un usuario que envió una carga de trabajo al entorno informático local (104).
- 8. El método de la reivindicación 1 o 2, donde el evento está relacionado con al menos uno: de un umbral de recursos, un umbral de servicio, carga de trabajo, un umbral de política, un evento dentro del entorno de informático local (104) y un evento fuera entorno informático local (104).
- 9. El método de la reivindicación 1 o 2, donde el evento comprende un fallo de al menos uno de un nodo informático, un dispositivo de red, un dispositivo de almacenamiento, una licencia, un servicio, un servicio de información, un servicio web, un servicio de base de datos y un servicio de seguridad.
- 10. El método de la reivindicación 1 o 2, donde establecer la comunicación con un entorno informático bajo demanda (102) comprende además importar del entorno local (104) al menos una clase de información, información de política de configuración y otra información al entorno informático local (102).
- 11. El método de la reivindicación 1 o 2, en el que se establece automáticamente la comunicación con el entorno informático bajo demanda (102).
- 12. El método de la reivindicación 1 o 2, en el donde el evento se basa en una de todas las cargas de trabajo asociadas con el entorno informático local (104) o un subconjunto de carga de trabajo asociado con el5101520253035404550556065entorno informático local (104).
- 13. El método de la reivindicación 1 o 2, en el que la asignación de recursos y la personalización dinámica de atributos flexibles de los recursos asignados dentro del entorno informático bajo demanda (102) se basa en al menos uno de los requisitos implícitos y explícitos.
- 14. El método de la reivindicación 1 o 2, en el que la detección de un evento en el entorno informático local comprende detectar un evento de necesidad de recurso en el entorno informático local;y donde establecer comunicación entre el módulo de administración (108) que gestiona el entorno informático local y el módulo de administración (106) que gestiona el entorno informático bajo demanda (102) comprende negociar y establecer dinámicamente una relación entre el entorno informático local (104) y el entorno informático bajo demanda (102).
- 15. El método de la reivindicación 14, en el que el evento de necesidad de recursos es uno de una necesidad de recursos actual o una necesidad de recursos prevista.
- 16. El método de la reivindicación 1 o 2, en donde asignar y personalizar dinámicamente recursos específicos del cliente en el entorno informático bajo demanda (102) para proporcionar recursos personalizados comprende, además, reservar los recursos personalizados en un primer momento para el consumo en una segunda vez que es posterior a la primera vez.
- 17. Un sistema para gestionar recursos entre un entorno informático local y un entorno bajo demanda, el sistema comprende:un procesador;unas instrucciones de almacenamiento de medios legibles por ordenador que, cuando son ejecutados por el procesador, hacen que el procesadorrealice operaciones que comprenden: detectar un evento en el entorno informático local o recibir una solicitud, el entorno informático local con múltiples nodos disponibles para procesar la carga de trabajo gestionada por un módulo de administración (108) que gestiona el entorno informático local (104) separado de un módulo de administración (106) que gestiona el entorno informático bajo demanda (102);basándose en el evento o solicitud, estableciendo automáticamente la comunicación entre el módulo de administración (108) que gestiona el entorno informático local (104) y el módulo de administración (106) que gestiona el entorno informático bajo demanda (102);basándose en la comunicación, asignando recursos dentro del entorno informático bajo demanda (102) genera recursos asignados y personalizar atributos flexibles de los recursos asignados para que coincidan con los requisitos de la carga de trabajo para generar recursos personalizados, donde la personalización de los atributos flexibles de los recursos informáticos asignados comprende el suministro dinámico de un sistema operativo y además puede comprender al menos uno de los recursos de red que controlan dinámicamente los recursos de aplicación o los recursos de almacenamiento y la seguridad o las credenciales de suministro dinámico; ysuministrar recursos para transferir la carga de trabajo presentada para procesar en el entorno informático local (104) de forma transparente a los recursos personalizados dentro del entorno informático bajo demanda (102), donde la carga de trabajo consume los recursos personalizados en el entorno informático bajo demanda (102) de acuerdo con los controles de políticas que rigen cómo administrar el entorno informático local (104).
- 18. Un sistema según la reivindicación 17, en el que el medio de almacenamiento legible por ordenador almacena además instrucciones que, cuando son ejecutadas por el procesador, hacen que éste transfiera la carga de trabajo presentada para su procesamiento al entorno informático bajo demanda (102).
- 19. Instrucciones de almacenamiento de medios legibles por ordenador que, cuando son ejecutados por un dispositivo informático, hacen que el dispositivo informático gestione recursos entre un entorno informático local (104) y un entorno bajo demanda (102) realizando operaciones que comprenden:detectar un evento en el entorno informático local o recibir una solicitud, el entorno informático local tiene múltiples nodos disponibles para procesar la carga de trabajo gestionada por un módulo de administración (108) que gestiona el entorno informático local (104) separado de un módulo de administración (106) que gestiona el entorno informático bajo demanda (102);basándose en el evento o solicitud, establecer automáticamente la comunicación entre el módulo de administración (108) que gestiona el entorno informático local (104) y el módulo de administración (106) que gestiona el entorno informático bajo demanda (102);basándose en la comunicación, asignando recursos dentro del entorno informático bajo demanda (102) generar recursos asignados y personalizar atributos flexibles de los recursos asignados para que coincidan con los requisitos de la carga de trabajo para generar recursos personalizados, donde la personalización de los atributos flexibles de los recursos informáticos asignados comprende el suministro dinámico de un sistema operativo y además puede comprender al menos uno de los recursos de red que controlan dinámicamente los recursos de aplicación o los recursos de almacenamiento y la seguridad o las credenciales de suministro dinámico; ysuministrar recursos para transferir la carga de trabajo presentada para procesar en el entorno informático local (104) de forma transparente a los recursos personalizados dentro del entorno informático bajo demanda (102), donde la carga de trabajo consume los recursos personalizados en el entorno informático bajo demanda (102) de acuerdo con los controles de políticas que rigen cómo administrar el entorno informático local 5 (104).
- 20. Un medio legible por ordenador de la reivindicación 19, en donde el medio de almacenamiento legible por ordenador almacena además instrucciones que, cuando son ejecutadas por el procesador, hacen que el 10 procesador transfiera la carga de trabajo presentada para su procesamiento al entorno informático bajo demanda (102).
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