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EP4521036A1 - Système de réservoir bivalent multifonction - Google Patents

Système de réservoir bivalent multifonction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4521036A1
EP4521036A1 EP24199200.7A EP24199200A EP4521036A1 EP 4521036 A1 EP4521036 A1 EP 4521036A1 EP 24199200 A EP24199200 A EP 24199200A EP 4521036 A1 EP4521036 A1 EP 4521036A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
storage
domestic water
storage system
multifunctional
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24199200.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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Zeeh Gabriele
Original Assignee
Zeeh Gabriele
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zeeh Gabriele filed Critical Zeeh Gabriele
Publication of EP4521036A1 publication Critical patent/EP4521036A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/186—Water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/48—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water
    • F24H1/52—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water incorporating heat exchangers for domestic water
    • F24H1/526—Pipes in pipe heat exchangers for sanitary water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/223—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank
    • F24H15/225—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank at different heights of the tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2021—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/02—Photovoltaic energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/04—Gas or oil fired boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/08—Storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2240/00—Fluid heaters having electrical generators
    • F24H2240/09—Fluid heaters having electrical generators with photovoltaic cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0069—Distributing arrangements; Fluid deflecting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to a bivalent multifunctional storage system according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • This system comprises a buffer storage tank as a component of a heating system and a device for hot water preparation.
  • Multifunctional storage tanks within the meaning of the invention include, in particular, buffer tanks, which are designed, for example, as multi-zone stratified storage tanks with integrated hot water preparation for domestic water.
  • the buffer tank is connected to an external heat source, for example, a heating system and/or a heat pump or a solar system, which, via a supply line, loads the buffer tank with heating water at the temperature required for space heating.
  • This heat source is referred to as external below, as it is not part of the multifunctional storage system.
  • the storage tank is filled with heating water, although any other heat-carrying storage medium is also suitable.
  • the storage medium in the storage tank is heated by means of the heat source or by a heating surface arranged inside the storage tank, which is connected to a heat source, for example a heat pump, in such a way that the storage tank always contains a stratified charge with several layers of the storage medium at different temperatures.
  • the temperature stratification is set and maintained in such a way that the stratified charge has at least one buffer storage zone and at least one hot water charging zone above it.
  • the expert can also identify the two zones of the multi-zone stratified storage system using other features, for example the density and gradient of the coils or the temperature distribution in the storage medium.
  • a counterflow domestic water heater is usually integrated into the multi-zone stratified storage tank to generate hot water.
  • the inlet of the domestic water line for cold water is located on the cold side of the storage tank, and the outlet for hot water is located on the warm side.
  • the counterflow domestic water heater comprises the domestic water line and a flow line that surrounds the domestic water line and forms a flow gap.
  • the heat exchanger surface is designed, in terms of material and, if necessary, also the design of the line's surface, to ensure effective heat transfer to the domestic water flowing in the line.
  • the counterflow domestic water heater further comprises a domestic water charging pump for charging the flow gap with the storage medium in which the counterflow domestic water heater is located.
  • a domestic water charging pump for charging the flow gap with the storage medium in which the counterflow domestic water heater is located.
  • the domestic water flow runs from bottom to top, and the storage medium flow in the flow gap from top to bottom.
  • the storage medium is pumped from the upper area of the hot water charging zone into the inlet of the flow gap by means of the domestic water charging pump.
  • the inlet is usually located one or two coils below the outlet of the domestic water line from the storage tank, so that these coils are in direct thermal contact with the storage medium in the storage tank.
  • the counterflow domestic water heater further comprises measuring sensors and a circulation line, with the circulation line flowing into the domestic water line at the return connection. The amount of flowing water in the circuit depends directly on the heat input by the Storage medium, whereby the temperature stratification in the storage medium should be maintained as far as possible.
  • a multifunctional storage system also includes a control unit that is suitable and configured to operate the system.
  • a control unit communicates with temperature sensors that measure the temperatures of the storage medium at various positions in the storage tank, such as the temperature stratification, particularly in the upper area of the storage tank, as well as the temperature of the domestic water, particularly at its tap. It is also designed to control the pumps of the multifunctional storage system, particularly the domestic water charging pump and optionally additional pumps.
  • a multi-zone stratified storage tank with buffer storage and integrated hot water preparation is available from the DE 10 2010 028 198 A1
  • Such a heating system has a heat pump as a heat source for heating the storage medium in the storage tank.
  • the storage medium has a temperature stratification, which should be disturbed as little as possible during operation of the multi-zone stratified storage tank.
  • Other heat sources for buffer heating systems are also known.
  • the hot water preparation system implemented in such a multi-zone stratified storage tank operates on the flow-countercurrent principle and comprises a tubular, usually coiled domestic water pipe, which is designed as a heat exchanger surface and is made of a corrosion-resistant material.
  • the domestic water pipe is surrounded by a flexible, temperature- and pressure-resistant flow line in such a way that an annular A flow gap is created.
  • the flow gap opens at least at the top, in this design open on both sides into the buffer tank, with a distance to the top and bottom walls of the storage tank so that the storage medium can flow through the flow gap using a charging pump that pushes from above or alternatively sucks from below and comes into thermal contact with the domestic water pipe. If the lower end of the flow gap does not open into the buffer tank in alternative designs, then it is fluidly connected to the lower area of the storage volume, for example by means of a pipe loop ( DE 298 16 006 U1 , DE 10 2009 026 420 A1 ).
  • the storage volume is also divided into the lower, temperature-stratified buffer storage zone and the warm water charging zone above it.
  • a heat pump is used as the heat source here.
  • the refrigerant is fed through the storage tank via a coiled pipe and heats the storage medium within it according to the desired temperature stratification.
  • the charging pump generates the flow of the medium in the flow gap opposite to the flow of the domestic water by feeding warm water from the upper, hot area of the hot water charging zone into the upper area of the flow gap.
  • the heat exchanger surface of the counterflow domestic water heater is designed for optimal heat transfer between the storage medium flowing in the flow gap and the domestic water flowing in the domestic water pipe, for example by the choice of the material of the heat exchanger surface, the coiling of the pipes and by suitable structuring that increases the surface area and/or other known designs of the heat exchanger surface.
  • bivalent is understood in energy generation to mean that two different heat energy generators are combined to heat the heating and/or domestic water.
  • screw-in heaters are increasingly being integrated into the storage tank. These can be fed by a photovoltaic (PV) system and serve as an additional heat source for heating the storage medium.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • Such an electric heater also commonly referred to as an electric cartridge or E-cartridge, is described, which protrudes into the cylindrical flow line surrounding the coiled domestic water pipe in order to heat the medium in the flow line.
  • E-cartridges are generally known as current-carrying heating coils, whose basic shape is essentially rod-shaped, but other shapes suitable for the purpose of the invention may also be used.
  • the heating coil may have a heat-conducting sheath.
  • a wide variety of designs are known to those skilled in the field of heating technology.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an advantageous concept which is suitable for reducing the manufacturing and operating costs of multifunctional storage systems for heat pumps, district heating and other heat sources with hot water preparation and for improving the efficiency.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • the term "bivalent multifunctional storage system” encompasses a primary heat generator, which supplies at least the base load and, in the event that the secondary energy source is temporarily unable to supply energy, the entire energy supply, and at least one electric cartridge, which is operated by a photovoltaic system.
  • the primary heat generator can be, for example, a combustion heating system, district heating, or another heat generator.
  • the at least one electric cartridge is integrated in the upper, hot heating area of the hot water charging zone without protruding into the flow gap in which the domestic water is heated by means of the storage medium flowing through from top to bottom.
  • the heating zone in which the electric cartridge heats the storage medium beyond the usual temperature stratification, is located in the upper region of the storage tank.
  • the additionally heated storage medium is pumped into the inlet of the flow gap, where the domestic water is already significantly warmed, and receives an additional temperature boost both in the flow gap and above it.
  • This makes it possible to reduce the primary energy required for the multifunctional storage system, in particular the timing of the heating system for domestic water heating.
  • the temperature stratification below is not or only slightly affected, since the heated storage medium is pumped directly into the flow gap, and thus the additional energy from the electric cartridge is used primarily for domestic water heating.
  • such electric cartridges can be used that can be placed in the hot water charging zone according to the following description and operated at the proposed output.
  • Their output can be fixed, stepwise adjustable, or modulated (continuously adjustable), with an automatic temperature limiter serving to protect the electric cartridge.
  • the heating surface of the at least one electric cartridge extends through a specially designed opening in the wall of the storage tank into the storage medium.
  • the distance between the E-cartridge and the upper wall of the storage tank is referred to as E, measured from the inner highest point of the tank wall to the lowest point of the E-cartridge's heating surface.
  • the distance from the upper inlet of the flow gap to said highest point of the storage tank wall is referred to as A, where A is measured to the lowest point of the opening in the flow line wall at its inlet.
  • the heating area extends up to the eighth coil of the domestic water pipe, optionally up to the seventh, sixth, fifth, fourth, third, or second coil.
  • the coils of the domestic water pipe are always counted from the top of the storage tank downwards.
  • the uppermost inner end of the tank wall also serves as a reference for measuring the distances A for the inlet of the flow gap and E for the lower edge of the heating surface of the electric cartridge located in the storage medium.
  • the reference to the lower edge of the heating surface of the electric cartridge serves only to clearly define the heating area for the purpose of describing the invention and is not suitable for capturing the thermal area that is actually influenced by the one or more electric cartridges in the hot water charging zone. If the defined lower end of the hot area is of little or no importance for the aspect being described, this area in question is also referred to below as the "hot area".
  • the arrangement "between the coils” means that the respective electric cartridge is inserted horizontally between two adjacent coils within this area, although deviations from the horizontal position are possible depending on the distance between the coils.
  • the at least one electric cartridge is inserted between the second and third, the third and fourth, or the fourth and fifth coils, etc. If multiple electric cartridges are used for domestic water heating according to the invention, they can be distributed around the circumference between the same coils or between different coils within the specified area, optionally also distributed around the circumference.
  • the electric cartridge in the heating section of the storage tank up to the eighth coil of the domestic water line (counting from the top), and within the hot water charging zone, the domestic water can be heated to the required temperature effectively and with minimal impact on the temperature stratification of the storage medium. If the hot water charging zone is shortened, the electric cartridge should obviously be positioned higher than the eighth coil.
  • control unit is designed and configured to operate the multifunctional storage system, in particular the at least one e-cartridge, using the energy of an external photovoltaic system (PV system), i.e., a system not belonging to the invention, preferably its PV surplus.
  • PV surplus refers to that portion of the solar energy generated by a PV system that cannot be used by the operator of the PV system itself and is therefore fed into the grid.
  • the electric cartridge is at least communicatively connected to the PV system and configured for a power range, for example, up to a five-digit wattage.
  • This power range is suitable for current PV systems to use solar energy, and in particular PV surplus, for domestic water heating.
  • other controllable power ranges may also be required. Future developments in PV systems and electric cartridges will also make other controllable power ranges possible.
  • the power of the electric cartridge can be constant, modulated, or adjustable in steps across the usable power range, so that the power available from the PV surplus can be optimally used to cover the power required for domestic water heating. Continuous control from 0 to 100% of the available power range is possible, for example, using pulse width modulation.
  • the control unit includes an energy meter or is communicatively connected to one.
  • An energy meter serves and is designed and configured to measure the energy available from the PV system. Determine energy surplus based on comparison with the preset feed-in energy.
  • the energy meter can also be designed to implement the communicating connection between the electric cartridge and the external PV system. It controls or regulates the at least one or more electric cartridges depending on the required output to achieve the required domestic hot water temperature and/or depending on the available PV surplus.
  • An energy meter is known as a device for measuring electricity consumption and is communicatively connected to the electric cartridge via a cable or radio connection to control it, so that the output of the electric cartridge can be adjusted to the available and measured PV surplus.
  • the energy meter can also be configured to receive measured values from the electric cartridge, such as the temperature at the heating coil, the set safety temperature limit and the temperatures at other measuring points in the storage medium, and to evaluate them based on predefined parameters.
  • the arrangement of at least one or more electric cartridges in the heating area depends on various parameters of the storage tank and the counterflow domestic water heater, such as the volume and diameter of the storage tank, the width of the flow gap, the pitch of the coil, the temperature stratification of the storage medium, and others. It has proven advantageous to arrange the electric cartridge below the open outlet of the flow gap. This variant is characterized in that the distance E, defining the position of the electric cartridge, is greater than the distance A, defining the position of the upper inlet of the flow gap.
  • the coils running directly adjacent to the electric cartridge are enclosed by the flow line.
  • a coil is considered to be arranged directly adjacent to the electric cartridge if it is located directly next to the electric cartridge in a side view.
  • a coil is generally considered to be a section of a coiled line that forms a full circle in a plan view.
  • the multifunctional storage system comprises an additional pump with a pumping direction opposite to that of the domestic hot water charging pump. Its pressure side is fluidically connected to the hot storage medium in the heating section of the storage tank, and its suction side is connected to the inlet of the flow gap, which is also located in the upper heating section.
  • This pump is referred to as a stratified charging pump.
  • the stratified charging pump pumps storage medium from the lower, colder section of the storage tank through the flow gap into the heating section, where it mixes with the storage medium there, which is additionally heated by the electric cartridge. This measure also serves to protect the electric cartridge, which is consequently surrounded by storage medium when a predefined limit temperature is exceeded.
  • This storage medium has a lower temperature than the storage medium in the heating section.
  • the suction side of the stratified charging pump can be fluidically connected directly to the lower section of the storage tank via a bypass line, and the bypass line can pump colder storage medium into the heating zone.
  • the storage medium can also be introduced into the uppermost section of the storage tank or into a lower section of the heating zone.
  • the stratified charging pump can be arranged in series with the domestic hot water charging pump, in which case pumps are used which can handle counter-rotating flows. Otherwise, the use of one of the pumps arranged in series would result in the destruction of the second pump.
  • both pumps can be configured as one pump with reversible pumping direction.
  • temperature sensors can be arranged in various suitable positions, for example in the upper and optionally lower area of the storage tank as well as in the domestic water extraction or in other positions.
  • At least one further electric cartridge can be arranged in a deeper region of the storage tank, where the stratification has a significant temperature difference to both the uppermost and lowermost layers, particularly in a central section of the tank, for example in the buffer storage zone.
  • a distance of two, three, four, five, or more coils is preferred, depending on the size of the storage tank and the number of coils, as well as its temperature stratification.
  • the further, lower electric cartridge can be designed to be cascaded or operable separately from the first, i.e., the upper electric cartridge described above.
  • this electric cartridge can be operated in an energy range that lies above that of the upper electric cartridge. It can optionally be step-controlled.
  • the lower electric cartridge then heats a middle or lower layer of the storage tank, forming a base load.
  • the upper electric cartridge can be switched on as needed, modulating the heat output depending on domestic hot water consumption.
  • the upper electric cartridge can also be switched off.
  • Such a cascaded arrangement with appropriately adjusted control ranges and cascaded operation is also possible when using more than two e-cartridges arranged one above the other.
  • the multiple e-cartridges can be controlled individually or together, and can also be grouped together.
  • the control unit of the multifunctional storage system can be designed for automatic or manual control and regulation of the multifunctional storage system's processes, such as monitoring the temperature of the storage medium and the domestic water at various positions in and on the storage tank, as well as temperature regulation, establishing counterflow in the flow gap, determining the available PV surplus, and other, even subordinate, processes.
  • the multifunctional storage system includes additional electronic components for this purpose, such as signal converters, flow switches for controlling the pumps, and others, as well as hydraulic components such as pumps, valves, buffer tanks for buffering potential pressure surges resulting from switching operations, and others.
  • the operation of one or more optionally several e-cartridges using the PV surplus as well as their control to optimize the self-consumption of solar power, the PV system linked to the heating system and the multifunctional storage can be carried out wirelessly on the basis of the temperature sensors.
  • the problem is solved in terms of the method by its operation, whereby the E-cartridge is fed by that portion of solar energy from a PV system of the heating operator which cannot be used by the operator himself and would therefore have to be fed into the public electricity grid ("excess solar energy” or "PV surplus”), but can be effectively used with the method according to the invention for operating the domestic water heating.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the concept of heating the storage medium in the uppermost area of the storage tank, the heating area described above, which is assigned to the hot water charging zone, by means of an electric cartridge arranged there, additionally and above the usual and required temperature for the storage medium, and pumping it into the inlet of the flow gap by means of the domestic water charging pump.
  • the domestic water line is heated near its outlet from the storage tank to a level that is significantly higher than the temperature achievable by means of the regular temperature stratification of the storage medium in the storage tank due to the functionality of the multifunctional storage system described above.
  • a reduction in the temperature stratification, at least in the buffer storage zone can be avoided or is possible without allowing the temperature of the domestic water to fall below the temperature level.
  • the timing of the operation of the Heat source of the multifunctional storage system and the energy requirement of the heat source can be significantly reduced.
  • the at least one electric cartridge is operated with electricity generated by an external photovoltaic system (PV system).
  • PV system photovoltaic system
  • the amount at which an energy supply from the heat source is required can also be influenced by the configuration and operation of the one or more electric cartridges.
  • the storage medium is heated in the upper area of the hot water charging zone, which is the uppermost area in the storage tank and is also referred to here as the heating zone. It is pumped into the flow gap of the counterflow heat exchanger at the inlet located there, where it comes into direct thermal contact with the heat exchanger surface of the domestic water pipe.
  • the domestic water which flows through the heat exchanger in the opposite direction, from bottom to top, and has thus been preheated, is heated most intensively in the upper section of the heat exchanger.
  • the additional heat energy is supplied via one or more electric cartridges, which generate electricity from the external PV system.
  • this is the PV system of the operator of the multifunctional storage system, allowing its excess PV energy to be used for additional heating of the storage medium.
  • the electric cartridge operates within a power range that allows even low PV system outputs, particularly PV surplus, to be utilized.
  • this range is up to five-digit wattage, but may change in the future with the further development of the heating and PV systems used.
  • the optimal usable output can be achieved through control, for example, using pulse width modulation, or by adjusting at least one electric cartridge, or by connecting or disconnecting additional, existing electric cartridges. This is based on temperature measurements in the storage tank and/or the tapped domestic water.
  • the invention utilizes an energy meter.
  • This meter is communicatively connected to the electrical distribution board of the house in which the multifunctional storage system is installed and determines the currently available PV surplus from the PV system in use. The output of one or more e-cartridges is adjusted to this determined value.
  • the electric cartridges can be operated in multiple stages of the same or different power levels, or in cascading stages within the hot water charging zone or within the hot water charging zone and the buffer storage zone.
  • the latter distribution of electric cartridges supports, for example, maintaining temperature stratification in the storage tank, as this can be influenced in the various situations described here for using the storage medium to adjust the temperature of the domestic water and the heating zone.
  • storage medium is pumped from a lower region of the storage tank, the temperature of which is lower than the target temperature, into the heating zone by means of the stratified charging pump described above, at least until the temperature falls below said target temperature.
  • the colder storage medium can optionally be supplied through the flow gap or through a bypass line, which can optionally run outside the storage tank independently of the temperature stratification.
  • the colder storage medium can be pumped by the domestic hot water charging pump by connecting both pumps in series. A combination of both embodiments is also possible.
  • storage medium is drawn from the lower area, where the outlet of the flow gap is located.
  • This area is defined by the system and contains storage medium at a relatively low temperature, relative to the available temperature layers of the multifunctional storage system.
  • the counterflow in the flow gap is reversed to supply the colder storage medium. Due to the preferably unaffected or only slightly disturbed temperature stratification, the target temperature can be adjusted solely by the amount of storage medium supplied.
  • the multifunctional storage system comprises one, optionally several, bypass lines, which lead inside or outside the storage tank from at least one colder area of the storage medium located below the heating area to the heating area.
  • bypass lines which lead inside or outside the storage tank from at least one colder area of the storage medium located below the heating area to the heating area.
  • Retrofitting multifunctional storage systems with one or more e-cartridges for utilizing the PV surplus is possible.
  • Such integration of at least one e-cartridge also apparently includes its control, whereby the existing temperature and pressure sensors can be used for this purpose and, if necessary, supplemented with additional sensors.
  • the integration is further supported by the available energy meters, which can be connected to the house's power distribution system and, depending on the available PV surplus, can control the e-cartridge(s) via wired or wireless connection.
  • Fig. 1 shows a multifunctional storage system 1 with a storage container 2, which is filled with a storage medium 3.
  • a temperature stratification is created and maintained, with the temperature increasing from bottom to top.
  • the temperature progression from low to higher temperatures is shown in Fig. 1 represented by an increasing gray level of the area in the storage tank 2.
  • a buffer storage zone 5 is created in the lower area and a hot water charging zone 6 in the area above it in the storage tank 2, whereby a sharp separation between the two zones is neither present nor required.
  • the optional version with a perforated separating disc 9 is shown, which has an annular gap (not shown) surrounding the wall of the storage tank 2.
  • the countercurrent domestic water heater 10 is formed running through the hot water charging zone 6.
  • This comprises a domestic water line 11 designed as a heat exchanger surface 11, the domestic water outlet 13 of which opens out of the top of the storage tank 2, and the domestic water inlet 12 of which is located at the base of the storage tank 2.
  • the countercurrent domestic water heater 10 can also be shortened by arranging the domestic water inlet 12 and the outlet 17 of the flow gap 15 higher than shown.
  • the inlet 16 of the flow gap 15 can also have a different position. In the illustrated embodiment, this is located approximately half a turn of the domestic water line 11 below its upper passage through the wall 4. However, the countercurrent domestic water heater 10 runs at least through the hot water charging zone 6.
  • the counterflow domestic water heater 10 further comprises a flow line 14 concentrically enclosing the domestic water line 11.
  • the flow line 14 is arranged over its entire length such that a flow gap 15 is formed between the two lines.
  • the storage medium 3 is pumped from top to bottom through the flow gap 15 by means of a domestic water charging pump 18, the pressure side of which is connected to the upper end of the flow gap 15, whose inlet 16 is connected.
  • the lower end of the flow gap 15 is therefore its outlet 17.
  • the pitch angle of the coils in the buffer storage zone 5 is selected to be greater than the pitch angle in the domestic water charging zone 6. Other ratios of the coils and/or the number of coils in both zones are possible.
  • the inlet of the flow line 14 is located approximately half a turn below the domestic water outlet 13 from the storage tank 2.
  • Other positions of the inlet 16 and outlet 17 of the flow gap 15 are possible depending on the length of the flow line 14.
  • the domestic hot water charging pump 18 is arranged in a bypass line 27 that runs outside the storage tank 1. Its pressure side (the tip of the triangular symbol pointing towards the bypass line) is connected via the bypass line 27 to the inlet 16 of the flow gap 15, and its suction side (the opposite base of the triangular symbol) is connected to the uppermost end of the wall of the storage tank 2 via the same bypass line 27.
  • the domestic hot water charging pump 18 pumps the hottest storage medium 3 located at the uppermost end of the storage tank 2 into the inlet 16 of the flow gap 14 to heat the domestic hot water to the required temperature.
  • the stratified charging pump 19 is arranged in series with the domestic hot water charging pump 18 in the same bypass line 27, but with the pumping direction reversed (represented by the oppositely directed pump symbol). It pumps colder storage medium 3 through the flow gap 15 from the lower area of the buffer charging zone 5 into the uppermost part of the wall of the storage tank 2.
  • An optional bypass line 27' (shown in dashed lines) leads from the pumps 18, 19 to an inlet into the buffer storage zone 5 located above the domestic hot water inlet 12.
  • a temperature sensor 22 is arranged in the upper area of the storage tank 2 to measure the temperature of the storage medium 3. Additional temperature sensors at other positions are possible to support the, preferably automatic, control of the multifunctional storage system 1. Temperature sensors 22 in the buffer storage zone 5 and in the domestic water outlet 13 are shown merely as examples.
  • An E-cartridge 20.1 is arranged between the second coil 25 of the domestic water line 11 and the third coil 26 of the domestic water line 11, which is located at a distance from the first coil below it.
  • the E-cartridge's rod-shaped heating surface extends between the two coils 25, 26.
  • E is greater than A, so that the E-cartridge 20.1 is arranged in the area of the flow line 14.
  • Other ratios of A and E to one another and, consequently, other positions between the coils are possible according to the above description.
  • both points are measured to the uppermost point of the inner wall of the storage tank 2 and can be related to each other on this basis.
  • the distance from the inlet 16 of the flow gap 15 to the uppermost end of the tank wall of the storage tank 2 is designated A.
  • the lowest point of the heating surface of the E-cartridge 20.1 to the same point on the upper wall is designated E.
  • the distance E also determines the size of the "heating area" according to the above definition.
  • a control unit 21 automatically or manually controls and regulates the processes of the multifunctional storage system 1, such as temperature measurements, the operation of at least one electric cartridge 20.1, the operation of the pumps 18, 19, the determination of the PV surplus using an energy meter 23, and other, even subordinate, processes.
  • the control unit 21 is communicatively connected to the PV system.
  • the multifunctional storage system according to Fig. 2 differs from that of the Fig. 1 by a further E-cartridge 20.2, which is arranged in the buffer storage zone 5 and uses the temperature layer located there to form a Base load heating.
  • the additional electric cartridge 20.2 is located between the third and fourth coils of the domestic hot water line 11.
  • Other positions and/or multiple electric cartridges within the buffer storage zone 5 are also possible.
  • the buffer storage zone 5 and the hot water charging zone 6 are not separated by a partition.
  • Fig. 1 please refer to the explanations for Fig. 1 referred to.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
EP24199200.7A 2023-09-08 2024-09-09 Système de réservoir bivalent multifonction Pending EP4521036A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102023124304 2023-09-08

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0385700A1 (fr) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-05 Michael John Nunnerley Appareil d'échange de chaleur, système d'échange de chaleur, méthode pour améliorer l'efficacité d'échange de chaleur, et circuit de réfrigération
WO1991011664A1 (fr) * 1990-02-01 1991-08-08 Baxi Partnership Limited Agencement de chauffage d'eau
DE29816006U1 (de) 1997-12-05 1998-11-19 Gebr. Meibes Zeitspararmaturen für Heiztechnik GmbH Leipzig, 04827 Gerichshain Haus- oder Raumheizungssystem mit Wärmespeicherung
DE202004016209U1 (de) * 2004-10-20 2005-02-17 Dietz, Erwin Wärmetauscher
DE102009026420A1 (de) 2009-05-22 2010-11-25 Joachim Zeeh Mehrzonen-Schichtladespeicher
DE102010028198A1 (de) 2009-04-27 2011-04-14 Joachim Zeeh Warmwasserbereitungssystem im Durchfluss-Gegenstrom-Prinzip
EP3812678A1 (fr) 2019-10-21 2021-04-28 Johann Kasper Accumulateur de chaleur

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0385700A1 (fr) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-05 Michael John Nunnerley Appareil d'échange de chaleur, système d'échange de chaleur, méthode pour améliorer l'efficacité d'échange de chaleur, et circuit de réfrigération
WO1991011664A1 (fr) * 1990-02-01 1991-08-08 Baxi Partnership Limited Agencement de chauffage d'eau
DE29816006U1 (de) 1997-12-05 1998-11-19 Gebr. Meibes Zeitspararmaturen für Heiztechnik GmbH Leipzig, 04827 Gerichshain Haus- oder Raumheizungssystem mit Wärmespeicherung
DE202004016209U1 (de) * 2004-10-20 2005-02-17 Dietz, Erwin Wärmetauscher
DE102010028198A1 (de) 2009-04-27 2011-04-14 Joachim Zeeh Warmwasserbereitungssystem im Durchfluss-Gegenstrom-Prinzip
DE102009026420A1 (de) 2009-05-22 2010-11-25 Joachim Zeeh Mehrzonen-Schichtladespeicher
EP3812678A1 (fr) 2019-10-21 2021-04-28 Johann Kasper Accumulateur de chaleur

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