EP3566861B1 - Milling screw - Google Patents
Milling screw Download PDFInfo
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- EP3566861B1 EP3566861B1 EP18171451.0A EP18171451A EP3566861B1 EP 3566861 B1 EP3566861 B1 EP 3566861B1 EP 18171451 A EP18171451 A EP 18171451A EP 3566861 B1 EP3566861 B1 EP 3566861B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- worm
- screw
- stage
- abrasion
- grinding
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
- B30B9/3089—Extrusion presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
- B30B11/24—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms
- B30B11/246—Screw constructions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
- B30B9/3082—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor with compression means other than rams performing a rectilinear movement
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a grinding screw. This is particularly suitable for compacting and grinding highly abrasive fibrous materials.
- Fibers that are harmful to health such as artificial mineral fibers (AMF), rock wool, glass wool and asbestos, are mostly produced when houses or industrial plants are demolished.
- AMF artificial mineral fibers
- rock wool rock wool
- glass wool glass wool
- asbestos Fibers that are harmful to health, such as artificial mineral fibers (AMF), rock wool, glass wool and asbestos, are mostly produced when houses or industrial plants are demolished.
- AMF artificial mineral fibers
- rock wool rock wool
- glass wool and asbestos are mostly produced when houses or industrial plants are demolished.
- Harmful fibrous materials were released during transshipment and valuable landfill space was consumed during landfill.
- a beating screw can be used to compact and beating such pulps. These are filled into one to two cubic meter plastic or fabric bags under full protection and sealed. This grinding screw is part of a press into which the sacks are thrown through dust protection flaps without first being emptied be able. During the compression and grinding process, the structure of the material to be pressed is broken up by the screw and the material to be pressed is filled into big bags. The pressed material obtained in this way can easily be stored in landfills, does not take up much landfill volume and does not have to be driven over long distances to specialized landfills.
- Said fibrous materials are highly abrasive materials. This leads to rapid wear of the grinding auger.
- the grinding process takes place solely as a result of frictional forces on the inner walls of a channel in which the grinding screw is installed. As a result, optimal comminution of the fibers cannot be achieved. Also an optimal crushing of the bags is not possible in this way.
- JP S54-132985 describes that a snail can be strengthened by adding trapezoidal sheets to the surface of its snail stages. Small gaps are provided between the sheets in order to be able to put the sheets together more easily.
- the WO 00/30840 A1 provides for the retrofitting of an already worn screw with metal sheets that are trapezoidal along one screw stage and also have a trapezoidal cross-section. Although the sheets touch, their trapezoidal shape results in narrow gaps between the sheets.
- the DE 10 2006 002 016 A1 describes a worm shaft whose worm helix is provided with peripheral surface irregularities in its peripheral area.
- the worm spirals themselves do not have to be of irregular design, but can instead be provided with metal sheets which have external teeth.
- a further object of the present invention is to further develop the grinding screw in such a way that its comminuting and grinding effect is improved.
- a grinding screw having the features of claim 1, which has a plurality of essentially trapezoidal first abrasion plates. These are arranged on a surface of a screw stage of the grinding screw in such a way that a gap remains free between each two adjacent first abrasion plates.
- the abrasion plates increase the wear resistance of the grinding screw, as they protect it from direct contact with abrasive fibrous materials. In addition, they also improve the crushing and grinding effect of the grinding screw.
- the fibers are broken by pressure and lateral forces on the edges of the individual abrasion plates welded on, and this completely changes their structure. The result is a free-flowing product that can be highly compacted. Even plastic bags, which can be made of polyethylene, for example, or fabric bags can be torn into 10 cm to 30 cm shreds using the abrasion plates, which can be easily separated from the rest of the product using a vibrating screen if necessary.
- the grinding process essentially takes place in one screw stage of the grinding screw and there only in one screw segment. It is therefore preferred that the first abrasion plates are arranged only on one screw flight length in a range from 180° to 360° are. This can be realized in particular by arranging 10 to 20 first abrasion plates in this area. Arranging the first abrasion plates in this area is sufficient to protect the area of the grinding screw most exposed to abrasion from wear. In addition, the arrangement of abrasion plates in this area is already sufficient to achieve a significant improvement in the crushing and grinding effect of the grinding screw. It is therefore not necessary to equip the entire grinding screw with abrasion plates.
- a minimum width of the gap between each two adjacent first abrasion plates preferably corresponds at least to the thickness of the first abrasion plates. In addition, it is preferably at least 15 mm. This minimal width of the gap also has the advantage that the abrasion plates can be easily attached to the grinding screw by means of welding. Since the width of the gap increases from the edge of the screw stage towards its center due to the trapezoidal shape of the first abrasion plates, the gap has its minimum width at the edge of the screw stage.
- the abrasion plates preferably have a plug-weld diameter which corresponds at least to their thickness and which is also preferably at least 15 mm.
- a trapezoid has two bases and two sides.
- the bases and the legs of the essentially trapezoidal first abrasion plates can be straight lines.
- a first abrasion plate should also be understood as essentially trapezoidal if one or both base sides are curved.
- at least one base page of the first abrasion plates is in the shape of a circular arc and particularly preferably both base sides are in the shape of a circular arc.
- the circular arc shape allows a base facing the outer edge of the screw stage, which also has a circular arc shape, to be flush therewith.
- the circular arc shape makes it possible for a base side, which faces a screw shaft of the grinding screw, to also run flush with this. Since the legs are straight lines, a constant width of the gap between two adjacent first abrasion plates is achieved.
- the grinding screw is designed as a stepped screw with a first screw stage and a second screw stage.
- An outside diameter of the first screw stage is larger than an outside diameter of the second screw stage.
- the first abrasion plates are arranged on a surface of the second screw stage. Greater abrasion forces occur on this than on the first screw stage, so that by attaching the first abrasion plates both greater protection against wear and a greater improvement in the grinding and comminuting effect can be achieved than if the first abrasion plates were attached to the first screw stage.
- Such a stepped screw is characterized by the outer diameter of its first screw stage, to which the characteristics of the grinding screw are related in the following. This outside diameter is in particular in the range from 150 mm to 1000 mm.
- the second screw stage has an outside diameter which is 50% to 70% of the outside diameter of the first screw stage. As a result, particularly high pressure and transverse forces can be achieved on the second screw stage, which are advantageous for the grinding process.
- the first screw stage has in particular one to three screw segments. These can be attached to the screw shaft by parallel welding.
- the sheet metal thickness of the screw segments of the first Screw stage corresponds in particular to 2% to 3% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage.
- the length of the first screw stage is in particular 100% to 150% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage.
- the second screw stage has, in particular, two to four screw segments. Just like the screw segments of the first screw stage, these can also be attached to the screw shaft by parallel welding.
- the sheet metal thickness of their base material is in particular 3% to 5% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage.
- the length of the second screw stage is in particular 100% to 150% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage.
- a screw pitch of the first screw stage is preferably greater than a screw pitch of the second screw stage.
- the screw pitch of the first screw stage is preferably 70% to 100% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage over a range of 360°.
- the screw pitch of the second screw stage is preferably 40% to 60% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage over a range of 360°. It can also be achieved in this way that higher pressure and transverse forces act on the second screw stage than on the first screw stage.
- the screw segments of a grinding screw are arranged around a circular-cylindrical screw shaft.
- the outside diameter This screw shank, which corresponds to the inner diameter of the screw stages, is in particular 20% to 30% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage.
- One end of the screw shaft can be connected to a motor which drives the milling screw.
- the other end of the screw shank is exposed and is therefore also subject to abrasion. It is therefore preferred that the grinding worm has a circular second abrasion plate on the end face of its worm shaft.
- first screw stage provided with the first abrasion plates ends and meets the end face of the screw shank
- this area of the grinding screw can also contribute to the grinding and comminution by breaking fibers at the edges of the gap between the first abrasion plates and the second abrasion plate.
- Each abrasive plate preferably has a thickness equal to 1% to 6% of the outside diameter of the first stage screw. This makes it possible to simply attach the abrasion plates to the surface of the grinding screw in the manner required for their function.
- the abrasion plates are preferably made of a composite material that has at least one cover layer and one carrier layer.
- the carrier layer can be welded and enables the abrasion plates to be attached to the surface of the grinding screw, for example by means of plug welding.
- the carrier layer preferably consists of a steel.
- the top layer has a Vickers hardness of at least 700 HV10. This can be determined according to the DIN 32525-4 standard.
- Preferred materials of the cover layer which have such a hardness, are iron-based alloys containing carbides.
- these carbides are selected from the group consisting of chromium carbides, niobium carbides, titanium carbides, vanadium carbides, tungsten carbides and mixtures of these carbides.
- FIG. 1 shows a grinding screw 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention, which is designed as a stepped screw. It has a first screw stage 11 and a second screw stage 12 which are arranged around a screw shank 13 .
- the outside diameter AD1 of the first screw stage 11 is 770 mm and the outside diameter AD2 of the second screw stage 12 is 460 mm.
- the inside diameter ID1 of both screw stages 11, 12, which corresponds to the outside diameter of the screw shaft 13, is 203 mm.
- the first screw stage 11 consists of sheet metal layers with a total thickness DS1 of 20 mm.
- the length LS1 of the first screw stage 11 is 900 mm and has two parallel welded screw segments. Its screw pitch ST1 is 600 mm over a range of 360°.
- the second screw stage 12 consists of metal sheets with a total thickness DS2 of 30 mm. It has a length LS2 of 800 mm and has three screw segments welded in parallel. The screw pitch ST2 over a range of 360° is 400 mm. Sixteen first abrasion plates 20 are welded onto the second screw stage 12 by means of plug welding over a length of 400 mm and thus over a screw winding length VBW of 360°. This screw winding length VBW ends at the end of the grinding screw 10.
- the first abrasion plates 20 are each designed to be essentially trapezoidal. They each have two straight legs and two arcuate bases. The base sides, which each face the outer edge of the second screw stage 12, follow its outer contour. The bases facing the screw shaft 13 are shaped so that the distance between these bases and the screw shaft is the same at all points.
- a circular second abrasion plate 30 is welded onto the end face of the screw shaft 13 by means of plug welding. The outer diameter of the second abrasion plate 30 corresponds to the outer diameter ID1 of the screw shank 13.
- a gap 40 remains free in each case between two adjacent first abrasion plates 20 . Extended due to the shape of the first abrasion plates this extends from the edge of the second screw stage 12 to the screw shank 13 . At the edge, its width SA1 is 15 mm and at the bases of the first abrasion plates 20, which end in front of the screw shaft 13, its width SA1 is 20 mm. A gap with a constant width SA2 of 15 mm runs between the base sides that face the screw shaft 13 and the screw shaft 13 or the second abrasion plate 30 .
- each first abrasion plate 20 and the second abrasion plate 30 are welded to the second screw stage 12 or to the screw shank 13 by means of plug welding.
- each first abrasion plate 20 has a weld hole 21 and the second abrasion plate 30 has six weld holes 31 . All welding holes 21, 31 each have a diameter SA3 of 20 mm.
- the mutually adjacent first abrasion plates 20 are each offset from one another.
- the offset VBV is 3 mm in each case.
- the offset VBV is defined as the difference between the orthogonal distance of a top edge of a first abrasion plate 20 to the surface of the second screw stage and the corresponding orthogonal distance between the top edge of the adjacent abrasion plate 20 and the surface of screw stage 12, with the two edges being defined by the Gap 40 are separated from each other.
- the first abrasion plates 20 and the second abrasion plate 30 each have a thickness VBD of 20 mm. They each consist of a top layer and a carrier layer.
- the carrier layer is a layer of S235 steel, which can be welded to the surface of the second screw stage 12 in a plug welding process.
- the cover layer consists of VAUTID® 100 (VAUTID Group Ostfildern, Germany). This is an iron-based alloy that contains chromium carbides and has a Vickers hardness of 740 HV10.
- the cover layer consists of VAUTID® 143 (VAUTID Group).
- the cover layer consists of VAUTID® 200 (VAUTID Group). This is an iron-based alloy containing vanadium carbides, titanium carbides and niobium carbides. It has a Vickers hardness of 850 HV10.
- a grinding screw according to one of these exemplary embodiments is used for grinding artificial mineral fibers, wear mainly occurs on the first abrasion plates 20 and the second abrasion plate 30 .
- the grinding screw 10 can be worked up by removing the second screw stage 12 or even just that area of the second screw stage 12 which has the first abrasion plates 20 and the second abrasion plate 30 over a screw winding length VBW , is separated from the remaining grinding screw 10 and replaced by a replacement piece.
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- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vermahlungsschnecke. Diese ist insbesondere geeignet, um hochabrasive Faserstoffe zu verdichten und zu zermahlen.The present invention relates to a grinding screw. This is particularly suitable for compacting and grinding highly abrasive fibrous materials.
Gesundheitsschädliche Faserstoffe wie beispielsweise künstliche Mineralfasern (KMF), Steinwolle, Glaswolle und Asbest fallen meistens beim Abbruch von Häusern oder Industrieanlagen an. Zur Beseitigung dieser Abfälle mussten bislang weite Transportfahrten mit nicht ausgelasteten LKW zu spezialisierten Deponien durchgeführt werden. Beim Umschlag wurden gesundheitsschädliche Faserstoffe freigesetzt und bei der Deponierung wertvoller Deponierraum verbraucht.Fibers that are harmful to health, such as artificial mineral fibers (AMF), rock wool, glass wool and asbestos, are mostly produced when houses or industrial plants are demolished. In the past, to dispose of this waste, long transport journeys had to be carried out with underutilized trucks to specialized landfills. Harmful fibrous materials were released during transshipment and valuable landfill space was consumed during landfill.
Eine Vermahlungsschnecke kann zum Verdichten und Vermahlen derartiger Faserstoffe verwendet werden. Diese werden unter Vollschutz in ein bis zwei Kubikmeter große Kunststoff- oder Gewebesäcke abgefüllt und verschlossen. Diese Vermahlungsschnecke ist Teil einer Presse, in welche die Säcke, ohne diese vorher zu entleeren, durch Staubschutzklappen eingeworfen werden können. Beim Verdichtungs- und Vermahlungsvorgang wird die Struktur des Pressguts mittels der Schnecke aufgebrochen und das Pressgut in Big Bags gefüllt. Das so erhaltene Pressgut kann leicht auf Deponien eingelagert werden, nimmt nicht viel Deponievolumen ein und muss auch nicht über weite Wege zu spezialisierten Deponien gefahren werden.A beating screw can be used to compact and beating such pulps. These are filled into one to two cubic meter plastic or fabric bags under full protection and sealed. This grinding screw is part of a press into which the sacks are thrown through dust protection flaps without first being emptied be able. During the compression and grinding process, the structure of the material to be pressed is broken up by the screw and the material to be pressed is filled into big bags. The pressed material obtained in this way can easily be stored in landfills, does not take up much landfill volume and does not have to be driven over long distances to specialized landfills.
Bei den besagten Faserstoffen handelt es sich um höchst abrasive Materialien. Dies führt zu einem schnellen Verschleiß der Vermahlungsschnecke. Außerdem erfolgt der Vermahlungsvorgang lediglich durch Reibungskräfte an den Innenwänden eines Kanals, in dem die Vermahlungsschnecke eingebaut ist. Hierdurch kann keine optimale Zerkleinerung der Fasern erzielt werden. Auch eine optimale Zerkleinerung der Säcke ist auf diese Weise nicht möglich.Said fibrous materials are highly abrasive materials. This leads to rapid wear of the grinding auger. In addition, the grinding process takes place solely as a result of frictional forces on the inner walls of a channel in which the grinding screw is installed. As a result, optimal comminution of the fibers cannot be achieved. Also an optimal crushing of the bags is not possible in this way.
Die
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Es ist deshalb eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vermahlungsschnecke bereitzustellen, die eine verbesserte Abrasionsbeständigkeit gegenüber abrasiven Fasermaterialen aufweist. Eine weitere Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, die Vermahlungsschnecke so weiterzuentwickeln, dass ihre Zerkleinerungs- und Vermahlungswirkung verbessert wird.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a grinding screw which has improved abrasion resistance to abrasive fiber materials. A further object of the present invention is to further develop the grinding screw in such a way that its comminuting and grinding effect is improved.
Diese Aufgaben werden durch eine Vermahlungsschnecke mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst, welche mehrere im Wesentlichen trapezförmige erste Abrasionsbleche aufweist. Diese sind so auf einer Oberfläche einer Schneckenstufe der Vermahlungsschnecke angeordnet, dass zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten ersten Abrasionsblechen ein Spalt freibleibt. Die Abrasionsbleche erhöhen die Verschleißfestigkeit der Vermahlungsschnecke, da sie diese vor einem unmittelbaren Kontakt mit abrasiven Faserstoffen schützen. Außerdem verbessern sie auch die Zerkleinerungs- und Vermahlungswirkung der Vermahlungsschnecke. Die Fasern werden durch Druck- und Querkräfte an Kanten der einzelnen aufgeschweißten Abrasionsbleche gebrochen und dadurch wird deren Struktur komplett verändert. Das Ergebnis ist ein rieselfähiges Produkt, welches hoch verdichtet werden kann. Selbst Kunststoffsäcke, die beispielsweise aus Polyethylen bestehen können, oder Gewebesäcke können mittels der Abrasionsbleche in 10 cm bis 30 cm große Fetzen zerrissen werden, die bei Bedarf über ein Rüttelsieb leicht vom übrigen Produkt getrennt werden können.These objects are achieved by a grinding screw having the features of claim 1, which has a plurality of essentially trapezoidal first abrasion plates. These are arranged on a surface of a screw stage of the grinding screw in such a way that a gap remains free between each two adjacent first abrasion plates. The abrasion plates increase the wear resistance of the grinding screw, as they protect it from direct contact with abrasive fibrous materials. In addition, they also improve the crushing and grinding effect of the grinding screw. The fibers are broken by pressure and lateral forces on the edges of the individual abrasion plates welded on, and this completely changes their structure. The result is a free-flowing product that can be highly compacted. Even plastic bags, which can be made of polyethylene, for example, or fabric bags can be torn into 10 cm to 30 cm shreds using the abrasion plates, which can be easily separated from the rest of the product using a vibrating screen if necessary.
Der Vermahlungsvorgang erfolgt im Wesentlichen in einer Schneckenstufe der Vermahlungsschnecke und dort auch nur in einem Schneckensegment. Deshalb ist es bevorzugt, dass die ersten Abrasionsbleche lediglich auf einer Schneckenwindungslänge in einem Bereich von 180° bis 360° angeordnet sind. Dies kann insbesondere dadurch realisiert werden, dass in diesem Bereich 10 bis 20 erste Abrasionsbleche angeordnet sind. Das Anordnen von ersten Abrasionsblechen in diesem Bereich reicht aus, um den am stärksten der Abrasion ausgesetzten Bereich der Vermahlungsschnecke vor Verschleiß zu schützen. Außerdem genügt bereits die Anordnung von Abrasionsblechen in diesem Bereich, um eine deutliche Verbesserung der Zerkleinerungs- und Vermahlungswirkung der Vermahlungsschnecke zu erreichen. Es ist deshalb nicht notwendig, die gesamte Vermahlungsschnecke mit Abrasionsblechen zu versehen.The grinding process essentially takes place in one screw stage of the grinding screw and there only in one screw segment. It is therefore preferred that the first abrasion plates are arranged only on one screw flight length in a range from 180° to 360° are. This can be realized in particular by arranging 10 to 20 first abrasion plates in this area. Arranging the first abrasion plates in this area is sufficient to protect the area of the grinding screw most exposed to abrasion from wear. In addition, the arrangement of abrasion plates in this area is already sufficient to achieve a significant improvement in the crushing and grinding effect of the grinding screw. It is therefore not necessary to equip the entire grinding screw with abrasion plates.
Um ein gutes Zerbrechen von Fasern an den Kanten der ersten Abrasionsbleche zu ermöglichen, entspricht eine minimale Breite des Spaltes zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten ersten Abrasionsblechen vorzugsweise mindestens der Dicke der ersten Abrasionsbleche. Außerdem beträgt sie bevorzugt mindestens 15 mm. Diese minimale Breite des Spaltes hat außerdem den Vorteil, dass ein einfaches Aufbringen der Abrasionsbleche auf der Vermahlungsschnecke mittels Schweißens ermöglicht wird. Da die Breite des Spaltes aufgrund der Trapezform der ersten Abrasionsbleche vom Rand der Schneckenstufe zu deren Mitte hin zunimmt, weist der Spalt seine minimale Breite am Rand der Schneckenstufe auf.In order to enable good breaking of fibers at the edges of the first abrasion plates, a minimum width of the gap between each two adjacent first abrasion plates preferably corresponds at least to the thickness of the first abrasion plates. In addition, it is preferably at least 15 mm. This minimal width of the gap also has the advantage that the abrasion plates can be easily attached to the grinding screw by means of welding. Since the width of the gap increases from the edge of the screw stage towards its center due to the trapezoidal shape of the first abrasion plates, the gap has its minimum width at the edge of the screw stage.
Das Schweißen kann insbesondere mittels Lochschweißens erfolgen. Hierzu weisen die Abrasionsbleche vorzugsweise einen Lochschweißdurchmesser auf, der mindestens ihrer Dicke entspricht und der weiterhin bevorzugt mindestens 15 mm beträgt.The welding can take place in particular by means of plug welding. For this purpose, the abrasion plates preferably have a plug-weld diameter which corresponds at least to their thickness and which is also preferably at least 15 mm.
Ein Trapez weist zwei Grundseiten und zwei Schenkel auf. Bei den Grundseiten und den Schenkeln der im Wesentlichen trapezförmigen ersten Abrasionsbleche kann es sich um Geraden handeln. Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung soll ein erstes Abrasionsblech allerdings auch dann noch als im Wesentlichen trapezförmig verstanden werden, wenn eine oder beide Grundseiten gekrümmt sind. Es ist sogar bevorzugt, dass mindestens eine Grundseite der ersten Abrasionsbleche kreisbogenförmig ist und besonders bevorzugt sind beide Grundseiten kreisbogenförmig. Die Kreisbogenform ermöglicht es, dass eine Grundseite, welche dem äußeren Rand der Schneckenstufe zugewandt ist, welcher ebenfalls eine Kreisbogenform aufweist, bündig mit diesem verläuft. Weiterhin ermöglicht die Kreisbogenform es, dass eine Grundseite, die einem Schneckenschaft der Vermahlungsschnecke zugewandt ist, mit diesem ebenfalls bündig verläuft. Indem es sich bei den Schenkeln um Geraden handelt, wird eine konstante Breite des Spaltes zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten ersten Abrasionsblechen erreicht.A trapezoid has two bases and two sides. The bases and the legs of the essentially trapezoidal first abrasion plates can be straight lines. In terms of the present invention, however, a first abrasion plate should also be understood as essentially trapezoidal if one or both base sides are curved. It is even preferred that at least one base page of the first abrasion plates is in the shape of a circular arc and particularly preferably both base sides are in the shape of a circular arc. The circular arc shape allows a base facing the outer edge of the screw stage, which also has a circular arc shape, to be flush therewith. Furthermore, the circular arc shape makes it possible for a base side, which faces a screw shaft of the grinding screw, to also run flush with this. Since the legs are straight lines, a constant width of the gap between two adjacent first abrasion plates is achieved.
Die Vermahlungsschnecke ist als Stufenschnecke mit einer ersten Schneckenstufe und einer zweiten Schneckenstufe ausgeführt. Dabei ist ein Außendurchmesser der ersten Schneckenstufe größer als ein Außendurchmesser der zweiten Schneckenstufe. Die ersten Abrasionsbleche sind auf einer Oberfläche der zweiten Schneckenstufe angeordnet. An dieser treten größere Abrasionskräfte auf als an der ersten Schneckenstufe, so dass hier durch das Anbringen der ersten Abrasionsbleche sowohl ein größerer Verschleißschutz als auch eine stärkere Verbesserung der Vermahlungs- und Zerkleinerungswirkung erreicht werden kann als wenn die ersten Abrasionsbleche an der ersten Schneckenstufe angebracht würden. Eine derartige Stufenschnecke wird durch den Außendurchmesser ihrer ersten Schneckenstufe charakterisiert, auf welchem im Folgenden die Merkmale der Vermahlungsschnecke bezogen werden. Dieser Außendurchmesser liegt im insbesondere im Bereich von 150 mm bis 1000 mm. Die zweite Schneckenstufe weist einen Au-ßendurchmesser auf, welcher 50 % bis 70 % des Außendurchmessers der ersten Schneckenstufe beträgt. Hierdurch können an der zweiten Schneckenstufe besonders hohe Druck- und Querkräfte erzielt werden, welche für den Vermahlungsvorgang vorteilhaft sind.The grinding screw is designed as a stepped screw with a first screw stage and a second screw stage. An outside diameter of the first screw stage is larger than an outside diameter of the second screw stage. The first abrasion plates are arranged on a surface of the second screw stage. Greater abrasion forces occur on this than on the first screw stage, so that by attaching the first abrasion plates both greater protection against wear and a greater improvement in the grinding and comminuting effect can be achieved than if the first abrasion plates were attached to the first screw stage. Such a stepped screw is characterized by the outer diameter of its first screw stage, to which the characteristics of the grinding screw are related in the following. This outside diameter is in particular in the range from 150 mm to 1000 mm. The second screw stage has an outside diameter which is 50% to 70% of the outside diameter of the first screw stage. As a result, particularly high pressure and transverse forces can be achieved on the second screw stage, which are advantageous for the grinding process.
Die erste Schneckenstufe weist insbesondere ein bis drei Schneckensegmente auf. Diese können durch paralleles Verschweißen am Schneckenschaft angebracht sein. Die Blechstärke der Schneckensegmente der ersten Schneckenstufe entspricht insbesondere 2 % bis 3 % des Außendurchmessers der ersten Schneckenstufe. Die Länge der ersten Schneckenstufe beträgt insbesondere 100 % bis 150 % des Außendurchmessers der ersten Schneckenstufe.The first screw stage has in particular one to three screw segments. These can be attached to the screw shaft by parallel welding. The sheet metal thickness of the screw segments of the first Screw stage corresponds in particular to 2% to 3% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage. The length of the first screw stage is in particular 100% to 150% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage.
Die zweite Schneckenstufe weist insbesondere zwei bis vier Schneckensegmente auf. Ebenso wie die Schneckensegmente der ersten Schneckenstufe können auch diese durch paralleles Verschweißen am Schneckenschaft angebracht werden. Die Blechstärke ihres Basismaterials beträgt insbesondere 3 % bis 5 % des Außendurchmessers der ersten Schneckenstufe. Die Länge der zweiten Schneckenstufe beträgt insbesondere 100 % bis 150 % des Außendurchmessers der ersten Schneckenstufe.The second screw stage has, in particular, two to four screw segments. Just like the screw segments of the first screw stage, these can also be attached to the screw shaft by parallel welding. The sheet metal thickness of their base material is in particular 3% to 5% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage. The length of the second screw stage is in particular 100% to 150% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage.
Eine Schneckensteigung der ersten Schneckenstufe ist vorzugsweise größer als eine Schneckensteigung der zweiten Schneckenstufe. Dabei beträgt die Schneckensteigung der ersten Schneckenstufe über einen Bereich von 360° vorzugsweise 70 % bis 100 % des Außendurchmessers der ersten Schneckenstufe. Die Schneckensteigung der zweiten Schneckenstufe beträgt über einen Bereich von 360° vorzugsweise 40 % bis 60 % des Außendurchmessers der ersten Schneckenstufe. Auch hierdurch kann erreicht werden, dass an der zweiten Schneckenstufe höhere Druck- und Querkräfte als an der ersten Schneckenstufe wirken.A screw pitch of the first screw stage is preferably greater than a screw pitch of the second screw stage. The screw pitch of the first screw stage is preferably 70% to 100% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage over a range of 360°. The screw pitch of the second screw stage is preferably 40% to 60% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage over a range of 360°. It can also be achieved in this way that higher pressure and transverse forces act on the second screw stage than on the first screw stage.
Um die Vermahlungs- und Zerkleinerungswirkung der Vermahlungsschnecke noch weiter zu steigern, besteht zwischen zwei benachbarten Abrasionsblechen jeweils ein Versatz im Bereich von 0,1 % bis 0,7 % des Außendurchmessers der ersten Schneckenstufe. Ein solcher Versatz führt zu einem besonders effektiven Zerbrechen von Fasern an den Kanten der ersten Abrasionsbleche.In order to further increase the grinding and comminution effect of the grinding screw, there is an offset in the range of 0.1% to 0.7% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage between two adjacent abrasion plates. Such an offset leads to a particularly effective breaking of fibers at the edges of the first abrasion plates.
Die Schneckensegmente einer Vermahlungsschnecke sind um einen kreiszylinderförmigen Schneckenschaft herum angeordnet. Der Außendurchmesser dieses Schneckenschaftes, welcher dem Innendurchmesser der Schneckenstufen entspricht, beträgt insbesondere 20 % bis 30 % des Außendurchmessers der ersten Schneckenstufe. Ein Ende des Schneckenschaftes kann mit einem Motor verbunden werden, welcher die Vermahlungsschnecke antreibt. Das andere Ende des Schneckenschaftes liegt frei und ist deshalb ebenfalls Abrasion ausgesetzt. Es ist daher bevorzugt, dass die Vermahlungsschnecke an der Stirnseite ihres Schneckenschaftes ein kreisförmiges zweites Abrasionsblech aufweist. Dort wo die mit ersten Abrasionsblechen versehene erste Schneckenstufe endet und auf die Stirnseite des Schneckenschaftes trifft, befindet sich vorzugsweise zwischen den ersten Abrasionsblechen und dem zweiten Abrasionsblech ein Spalt, dessen Breite insbesondere der minimalen Breite des Spaltes zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten ersten Abrasionsblechen entspricht. Auf diese Weise kann auch dieser Bereich der Vermahlungsschnecke zum Vermahlen und Zerkleinern beitragen, indem Fasern an den Kanten des Spaltes zwischen den ersten Abrasionsblechen und dem zweiten Abrasionsblech zerbrochen werden.The screw segments of a grinding screw are arranged around a circular-cylindrical screw shaft. The outside diameter This screw shank, which corresponds to the inner diameter of the screw stages, is in particular 20% to 30% of the outer diameter of the first screw stage. One end of the screw shaft can be connected to a motor which drives the milling screw. The other end of the screw shank is exposed and is therefore also subject to abrasion. It is therefore preferred that the grinding worm has a circular second abrasion plate on the end face of its worm shaft. Where the first screw stage provided with the first abrasion plates ends and meets the end face of the screw shank, there is preferably a gap between the first abrasion plates and the second abrasion plate, the width of which corresponds in particular to the minimum width of the gap between two adjacent first abrasion plates. In this way, this area of the grinding screw can also contribute to the grinding and comminution by breaking fibers at the edges of the gap between the first abrasion plates and the second abrasion plate.
Jedes Abrasionsblech hat vorzugsweise eine Dicke, die 1 % bis 6 % des Außendurchmessers der ersten Schneckenstufe entspricht. Dies ermöglicht es die Abrasionsbleche einfache in der für ihre Funktion erforderlichen Weise auf der Oberfläche der Vermahlungsschnecke anzubringen.Each abrasive plate preferably has a thickness equal to 1% to 6% of the outside diameter of the first stage screw. This makes it possible to simply attach the abrasion plates to the surface of the grinding screw in the manner required for their function.
Die Abrasionsbleche bestehen vorzugsweise aus einem Verbundmaterial, das zumindest eine Deckschicht und eine Trägerschicht aufweist. Die Trägerschicht ist schweißbar und ermöglicht es die Abrasionsbleche beispielsweise mittels Lochschweißens auf der Oberfläche der Vermahlungsschnecke aufzubringen. Hierzu besteht die Trägerschicht vorzugsweise aus einem Stahl. Um einen guten Verschleißschutz und eine gute Zerkleinerungswirkung der Abrasionsbleche zu gewährleisten, weist die Deckschicht mindestens einer Vickers-Härte von 700 HV10 auf. Diese kann gemäß der Norm DIN 32525-4 ermittelt werden.The abrasion plates are preferably made of a composite material that has at least one cover layer and one carrier layer. The carrier layer can be welded and enables the abrasion plates to be attached to the surface of the grinding screw, for example by means of plug welding. For this purpose, the carrier layer preferably consists of a steel. In order to ensure good wear protection and a good crushing effect of the abrasion plates, the top layer has a Vickers hardness of at least 700 HV10. This can be determined according to the DIN 32525-4 standard.
Bevorzugte Materialien der Deckschicht, welche eine solche Härte aufweisen, sind Eisenbasislegierungen die Carbide enthalten. Diese Carbide sind insbesondere ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, die aus Chromcarbiden, Niobcarbiden, Titancarbiden, Vanadiumcarbiden, Wolframcarbiden und Gemischen dieser Carbide besteht.Preferred materials of the cover layer, which have such a hardness, are iron-based alloys containing carbides. In particular, these carbides are selected from the group consisting of chromium carbides, niobium carbides, titanium carbides, vanadium carbides, tungsten carbides and mixtures of these carbides.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.
- Fig. 1
- zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Vermahlungsschnecke gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.
- Fig. 2
- zeigt eine schematische Vorderansicht der Vermahlungsschnecke gemäß
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 3
- zeigt schematische eine Anordnung von Abrasionsblechen auf einer Vermahlungsschnecke gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.
- 1
- shows a schematic side view of a grinding screw according to an embodiment of the invention.
- 2
- shows a schematic front view of the grinding screw according to FIG
1 . - 3
- shows a schematic arrangement of abrasion plates on a grinding screw according to an embodiment of the invention.
Die erste Schneckenstufe 11 besteht aus Blechlagen mit einer Gesamtdicke DS1 von 20 mm. Die Länge LS1 der ersten Schneckenstufe 11 beträgt 900 mm und sie weist zwei parallel verschweißte Schneckensegmente auf. Über einen Bereich von 360° beträgt ihre Schneckensteigung ST1 600 mm.The
Die zweite Schneckenstufe 12 besteht aus Blechen mit einer Dicke DS2 von insgesamt 30 mm. Sie hat eine Länge LS2 von 800 mm und weist drei parallel verschweißte Schneckensegmente auf. Die Schneckensteigung ST2 über einen Bereich von 360° beträgt 400 mm. Über eine Länge von 400 mm und damit über eine Schneckenwindungslänge VBW von 360° sind mittels Lochschweißens sechzehn erste Abrasionsbleche 20 auf der zweiten Schneckenstufe 12 aufgeschweißt. Diese Schneckenwindungslänge VBW endet dabei an der Stirnseite der Vermahlungsschnecke 10.The
Wie in
Zwischen zwei benachbarten ersten Abrasionsblechen 20 bleibt jeweils ein Spalt 40 frei. Bedingt durch die Form der ersten Abrasionsbleche erweitert dieser sich vom Rand der zweiten Schneckenstufe 12 zum Schneckenschaft 13 hin. Am Rand beträgt seine Breite SA1 15 mm und an den Grundseiten der ersten Abrasionsbleche 20, welche vor dem Schneckenschaft 13 enden, beträgt seine Breite SA1 20 mm. Zwischen den Grundseiten, die dem Schneckenschaft 13 zugewandt sind und dem Schneckenschaft 13 bzw. dem zweiten Abrasionsblech 30, verläuft ein Spalt mit einer konstanten Breite SA2 von 15 mm.A
Die ersten Abrasionsbleche 20 und das zweite Abrasionsblech 30 sind mittels Lochschweißens auf der zweiten Schneckenstufe 12 bzw. auf dem Schneckenschaft 13 aufgeschweißt. Hierzu weist jedes erste Abrasionsblech 20 ein Schweißloch 21 auf und das zweite Abrasionsblech 30 weist sechs Schweißlöcher 31 auf. Alle Schweißlöcher 21, 31 haben jeweils einen Durchmesser SA3 von 20 mm.The
Wie in
Die ersten Abrasionsbleche 20 und das zweite Abrasionsblech 30 weisen jeweils eine Dicke VBD von 20 mm auf. Sie bestehen jeweils aus einer Deckschicht und einer Trägerschicht. Bei der Trägerschicht handelt es sich vorliegend um eine Schicht aus S235-Stahl, welcher in einem Lochschweißverfahren mit der Oberfläche der zweiten Schneckenstufe 12 verschweißt werden kann. Die Deckschicht besteht in einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel aus VAUTID® 100 (VAUTID Group Ostfildern, Deutschland). Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Eisenbasislegierung, die Chromcarbide enthält und eine Vickers-Härte von 740 HV10 aufweist. In einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht die Deckschicht aus VAUTID® 143 (VAUTID Group). Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Eisenbasislegierung, die Chromcarbide und Niobcarbide enthält und die eine Vickers-Härte von 750 HV10 aufweist. In einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht die Deckschicht aus VAUTID® 200 (VAUTID Group). Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Eisenbasislegierung, die Vanadiumcarbide, Titancarbide und Niobcarbide enthält. Sie weist eine Vickers-Härte von 850 HV10 auf.The
Wird eine Vermahlungsschnecke gemäß einem dieser Ausführungsbeispiele zum Vermahlen von künstlichen Mineralfasern verwendet, so tritt ein Verschleiß hauptsächlich an den ersten Abrasionsblechen 20 und dem zweiten Abrasionsblech 30 auf. Sobald die Deckschicht der Abrasionsbleche 20, 30 weitgehend abgetragen ist, kann ein Aufarbeiten der Vermahlungsschnecke 10 erfolgen, indem die zweite Schneckenstufe 12 oder sogar nur jener Bereich der zweiten Schneckenstufe 12, welcher über eine Schneckenwindungslänge VBW die ersten Abrasionsbleche 20 und das zweite Abrasionsblech 30 aufweist, von der restlichen Vermahlungsschnecke 10 abgetrennt wird und durch ein Ersatzstück ersetzt wird.If a grinding screw according to one of these exemplary embodiments is used for grinding artificial mineral fibers, wear mainly occurs on the
Claims (11)
- Grinding worm (10), having a first worm stage (11) and a second worm stage (12), wherein the outer diameter (AD2) of the second worm stage (12) is 50 to 70% of the outer diameter (AD1) of the first worm stage (AD1), characterised in that several substantially trapezoidal first abrasion plates (20) are arranged on a surface of the second worm stage (12) of the grinding worm (10) in such a way that a gap (40) is maintained between two adjacent first abrasion plates (20) in each case, and in each case there is an offset (VBV) ranging from 0.1 to 0.7% of the outer diameter (AD1) of the first worm stage (11) between two adjacent first abrasion plates (20).
- Grinding worm (10) according to claim 1, characterised in that the first abrasion plates are arranged on a worm winding length (VBW) in a region of from 180° to 360°.
- Grinding worm (10) according to claim 2, characterised in that 10 to 20 first abrasion plates (20) are arranged in the region.
- Grinding worm (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a width (SA1) of the gap (20) corresponds at least to the thickness (VBD) of the first abrasion sheets (20).
- Grinding worm (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that at least one base side of the first abrasion sheets is a circular arc shape.
- Grinding worm (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a worm pitch (ST1) of the first worm stage (11) is greater than a worm pitch (ST2) of the second worm stage (12).
- Grinding worm according to claim 6, characterised in that the worm pitch (ST2) of the second worm stage (12) beyond the range of 360° is 40 to 60% of the outer diameter (AD1) of the first worm stage (11).
- Grinding worm (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that it has a worm shaft (13), on the end face side of which a circular second abrasion plate (30) is arranged.
- Grinding worm (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that each abrasion sheet (20, 30) has a thickness (VBD) which corresponds to 1 to 6% of the outer diameter (AD1) of the first worm stage (11).
- Grinding worm (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the abrasion plates (20, 30) consist of a composite material, which has at least one covering layer having a Vickers hardness of at least 700 HV10 and a weldable support layer.
- Grinding worm (10) according to claim 10, characterised in that the covering layer has an iron base alloy, which contains carbides, which are selected from the group consisting of chromium carbides, niobium carbides, titanium carbides, vanadium carbides, tungsten carbides and mixtures of these carbides.
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EP18171451.0A EP3566861B1 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2018-05-09 | Milling screw |
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JPS6058126B2 (en) * | 1978-04-06 | 1985-12-18 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | How to make conveyor screws |
US4466533A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-08-21 | Shwayder Warren M | Blade edge wear clips |
AT396915B (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1993-12-27 | Pickart Josef | Vehicle for transporting refuse or the like |
NO985381L (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-05-22 | Pulping As Kvaerner | Procedure for creating worn screw wings in a screw press |
DE102006002016A1 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-19 | Andreas Kufferath Gmbh & Co. Kg | Screw shaft for suspension dewatering screw press, with wire basket enclosing screw spiral, includes peripheral surface irregularities on spiral to collect solid components tufts for cleaning basket surface |
AU2014353840B2 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2018-08-23 | Scranton Manufacturing Company Inc. | Screw conveyor system for compaction apparatus |
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