EP1756365B1 - Guideway beam and magnetic levitation railway comprising the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A guideway carrier (11) and a magnetic levitation railway being produced therewith are described. The guideway carrier (11) has a gliding surface (14) for the gliding skids of the magnetic levitation railway. The gliding surface (14) is provided with a coating, which is applied by the use of a low-friction and low-wear ceramic material being adapted (matched) to the gliding skid material (FIG. 2).

Description

The invention relates to a track carrier of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a magnetic levitation train thus produced.

The trajectories of magnetic levitation trains are composed of guideways, which in addition to the specific for driving the vehicles, often designed as a stator packs of long-stator linear motors drive means and intended for tracking side guide rails also so-called sliding surfaces have, for example EP-B1-0 381 136 , These are usually mounted on the upper surface of the guideway support and serve both during normal stopping and in emergencies to settle the vehicles by means of attached to their underside skids. The designations "sliding" surface and "sliding" blade are intended to express that the skids can be discontinued not only at a standstill, but also while driving the vehicles on the sliding surfaces and then be moved on this sliding until the Vehicle comes to a halt. Such a situation may occur, for example, in the event of failure of a support magnet, because then an associated portion of the vehicle or its floating frame so far drops that the vehicle touches with at least one skid on the sliding surface. As a result, be achieved with the magnetic levitation vehicles high speeds of 400 km / h and induces more considerable frictional energies, and as a result, high temperatures and intensive wear occur in the area of the affected sliding partners.

So far, little attention has been paid to the friction conditions that occur in the case of emergency releases. The sliding properties were rather more or less random from the materials used for the skids and the sliding surfaces. It was assumed that the sliding surfaces such as the guideway beams made of steel or concrete and the skids must be made of a material that is distinguished from steel or concrete by a high abrasion resistance. It is also known in this connection to form the sliding surfaces on steel slide strips and to provide them with corrosion protection layers of zinc dust and iron mica based on epoxy resin or polyurethane.

In the practical operation of magnetic levitation trains of the type described has been found that the sliding properties achieved in this way for various reasons are not sufficient. In particular, it may be desirable not to perform the repair or maintenance of defective vehicles immediately and anywhere along the driveway as soon as a defect occurs, but to continue to drive the defective vehicles, as far as possible, until they reach a repair and maintenance workshop. In such cases, however, the high frictional forces occurring between the previously known skids and sliding surfaces would result in high mechanical loads and temperatures, so that a safe, without previous complete wear of skids and / or sliding surfaces reaching the next workshop only could be ensured that the workshops are arranged along the guideway in relatively short distances. If the distances between the workshops are too great, many defects on the vehicles would also lead to damage to the sliding surfaces and therefore necessitate repair of the respective sliding surfaces and possibly of the complete travel path, which would involve considerable operating costs and must be avoided.

To avoid these problems has already been proposed to provide the sliding surfaces of the guideway support at least in their outer regions with polyurethane-acrylic cover layers, where a friction and wear-reducing material such. B. graphite and / or polytetrafluoroethylene is admixed. With such coatings, however, the costly repair work described can not be sufficiently reduced. Practical experiments with coatings of this kind have rather shown that, although these lead to more favorable coefficients of friction than heretofore, they are not sufficiently wear-resistant. This is especially true when the guideway support, which is common practice in practice, are also used by maintenance and assembly vehicles that use the sliding surfaces as routes and are often slowed down and accelerated, and / or the sliding surfaces, which is inevitable, at least partially covered with whirled up sand and similar impurities. One consequence of this is that in particular the coatings of the sliding surfaces require costly maintenance or renovation work.

The invention is therefore based on the technical problem of designing the sliding surfaces of the initially-mentioned guideway carrier so that not only the sliding properties of the sliding pair sliding surface / skid improved, but also wear and thus low-maintenance coatings are obtained.

To solve this problem serve the characterizing features of claims 1 and 14th

The fact that the sliding surfaces according to the invention are provided with a matched to the Gleitkuferumaterial coating of ceramic material or ceramic hard materials, the sliding properties can be optimized so that a magnetic levitation vehicle od failure of a supporting magnet. Like still a relatively long distance can cover, without resulting in a critical for the infrastructure and / or the vehicle situation. The resulting increase in the distances between the planned along the guideway workshops reduces the investment and operating costs considerably. The extremely low wear of the sliding surfaces in an emergency deposition or when driving with maintenance and assembly vehicles also brings the advantage of significantly increased maintenance intervals with it.

Further advantageous features of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

• Fig. 1 einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine übliche Magnetschwebebahn mit einem Fahrwegträger und einem Fahrzeug;
• Fig. 2 eine schematische, perspektivische Teilansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Fahrwegträgers aus Beton, wobei eine ebenfalls aus Beton bestehende Gleitfläche mit einer übertrieben dick dargestellten Beschichtung aus Keramikmaterial versehen ist; und
• Fig. 3 eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Teilansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Fahrwegträgers aus Beton, in den eine aus Stahl bestehende Gleitleiste eingesetzt ist, die eine Beschichtung aus Keramikmaterial und einem Zusatzstoff aufweist.

The invention will be explained in more detail below in connection with the accompanying drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show it:

• Fig. 1 a schematic cross section through a conventional magnetic levitation train with a guideway carrier and a vehicle;
• Fig. 2 a schematic, partial perspective view of a track carrier according to the invention made of concrete, wherein a likewise made of concrete sliding surface is provided with an exaggerated thick coating of ceramic material; and
• Fig. 3 one of the Fig. 2 corresponding partial view of a guideway carrier according to the invention made of concrete, in which a steel sliding strip is used, which has a coating of ceramic material and an additive.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a cross section through a magnetic levitation railway with a drive in the form of a long stator linear motor. The maglev train includes a plurality of guideways 1, which are arranged one behind the other in the direction of a predetermined route and on the undersides of track plates 2 arranged, provided with windings stator 3 carry packages. Along the guideway support 1 vehicles 4 can run with support magnets 5, which are opposite to the undersides of the stator 2 and at the same time provide the exciter field for the long-stator linear motor.

On the tops of the track plates 2 extending sliding surfaces 6 are provided in the direction of travel, the z. B. as the surfaces of special, attached to the track plates 2 Gleitleisten 7 are formed. The sliding surfaces 6 cooperate with attached to the undersides of the vehicles 4 skids 8, which are at a standstill of the vehicles 4 are supported on the sliding surfaces 6, so that between the stator 3 and the supporting magnet 5 comparatively large gaps 9 are present. For a ride, first the supporting magnets 5 are activated to lift the skids 8 of the sliding surfaces 6 and in the suspended state produced thereby the size of the gap 9 on z. B. 10 mm. Thereafter, the vehicle 4 is set in motion.

Magnetic levitation railways of this type are generally known to the person skilled in the art (eg " New traffic technologies ", Henschel Magnetic Technology 6/86 ).

In Fig. 2 a roadway carrier 11 made of concrete is indicated, which is provided on its upper side with an elevation or strip 12 produced in one piece with it, which on its upper side has a sliding surface 14 for the skids 8 of the magnetic levitation vehicle 4 Fig. 1 having. Such concrete track carrier 11 are z. B. from the Pamphlets ZEV Glas.Ann 105, 1989, pp. 205-215 or " Maglev Transrapid, the New Dimension of Traveling ", Hestra Verlag Darmstadt 1989, p. 21 - 23 which are hereby incorporated by reference to them as subject of the present disclosure.

While the strips 12 so far as the track carrier 11 made of concrete, the sliding surfaces 14 are provided according to the invention with a coating containing two superimposed layers 15 and 17. In this case, the inner layer 15 is applied directly to the sliding surface 14, while the layer 17 is formed as an outer layer, so that the track support 11 after Fig. 2 actually the upper surface of the outer layer 17 should be referred to as the sliding surface, as normally only with the skids 8 after Fig. 1 comes into contact. In the context of the present application, however, it is preferred to designate the surface 14 of the strip 12 as the actual sliding surface and the layer consisting of the layers 15 and 17 as a coating of the sliding surface 14.

According to the invention according to the embodiment Fig. 2 further provided to produce the coating at least in an outer region of a friction and low-wear, to be matched to the material of the skids 8 ceramic material.

This ceramic material is particularly advantageously made of an oxide ceramic, in particular a mixture of aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) and titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ).

Preferably, both layers 15 and 17 contain an oxide ceramic material. In this case, there is the inner layer 15 which is applied to the existing concrete sliding surface 14 of the guideway carrier 1, expedient of a tough and ductile material to achieve good adhesion to the concrete and possibly compensate for different thermal expansion of the individual components at least partially. In contrast, the outer layer 17, which forms the sliding pair with the skids 8, preferably made of a material with very low wear properties. For this purpose, z. B. the first layer 15 predominantly or even a mixture of 50 to 70 percent by weight of alumina and the balance 50 to 30 percent by mass of titanium dioxide, while the outer layer 17 z. B. contains at least about 90 percent by weight of alumina and the balance up to 10 percent by mass of titanium dioxide.

According to the embodiment Fig. 3 it is a track in composite construction, which contains a plurality of successively arranged, made of concrete guideways 18, in the upper surfaces made of steel, provided with sliding surfaces 19 slide strips 20 are inserted (eg. EP-B1-0 381 136 ). The sliding surfaces 19 are in the embodiment slightly above the surface of the rest of the guideway carrier 18 and can be provided in a conventional manner with a corrosion protection layer.

According to the invention according to the embodiment Fig. 3 a coating provided as in Fig. 2 a mixture of alumina and titania, but also containing at least one additive. For this purpose, the coating contains an internal, analogous to the layer 15 after Fig. 2 trained situation 22. On the other hand, the additive which in the embodiment of the Fig. 3 z. B. is a polymeric polyurethane resin, in a proportion of z. B. 20 to 40 percent by weight graphite is added as a lubricant, applied in the form of an outer layer 23.

Next will be in the embodiment after Fig. 3 the fact that the Surface of the ceramic material layer 22 has a comparatively large roughness, especially when applied by a thermal spraying method, as in Fig. 3 is schematically indicated by roughness peaks 24 and Rauheitstäler 25. This could lead to the final sliding properties being obtained only after a certain break-in period and after the grinding of the roughness peaks 24, which is undesirable. The polymeric polyurethane resin with graphite as incorporated lubricant or lubricant here serves the purpose of adding the roughness valleys 25 of the layer 22 with a tribologically active material or to fill and seal. This ensures that the desired improved friction and wear behavior is obtained immediately after the application of the coating. In particular, it is avoided that the coating shows a pronounced running-in behavior, ie, a stationary state with a low coefficient of friction is obtained only after a smoothing of the roughness peaks 24 of the layer 22 obtained by wear. A particular advantage of the embodiment according to Fig. 3 There is also the fact that the inner layer 22 immediately after a degradation due to wear of the outer layer 23 in terms of the desired wear properties is fully functional.

The resin system used as additive is preferably a conventional, provided at the manufacturer with a tribologically active component system which is like the layer 22 of ceramic material applied by a spray or rolling process on the sliding surface 19.

To improve the adhesion of the inner layers 15, 22 to the sliding surfaces 14, 19, it is expedient to subject them beforehand to a sandblast treatment, a grinding process or the like in order to roughen them.

The ceramic material is preferably applied to the sliding surfaces 14, 19 by a thermal spraying method. Suitable for this purpose are z. As the flame and high-speed flame spraying, plasma spraying, detonation spraying, laser spraying, arc spraying or cold gas spraying, preferably spray additives are used in the form of powders or wires.

As layer materials for the existing of ceramic material or at least predominantly containing layers 15, 17 and 22 are preferably used aluminum oxide and titanium dioxide of various compositions. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to use other materials based on ceramic materials or metallic and non-metallic resin materials and mixtures of these materials with metallic constituents or plastics, which are generally referred to as "ceramic materials" in the context of the present application. In addition, these tribologically optimized materials can be applied to all types of guideways because they adhere well to concrete, steel or hybrid structures.

Particularly favorable friction and wear properties are also achieved in tribological contact with SiC skid materials. Below, therefore, two preferred embodiments are given, which are each optimally adapted to a skid material made of C-CSiC and currently held in conjunction with concrete or hybrid guideways for the best. This is a carbon fiber reinforced carbon C-C which is partially reacted with silicon to partially form silicon carbide (SiC) which gives the carbon the hardness required. The finished skid material may therefore be referred to as a carbon fiber reinforced and SiC enriched carbon ceramic.

example 1

A roadway carrier made of concrete Fig. 2 is pretreated with a sandblasting process. Subsequently, the sliding surface is coated with a non-metallic hard material layer of a mixture of Al ₂ O ₃ and TiO ₂ . The overall layer consists of two individual layers 15 and 17 applied separately in succession. The inner, concrete-facing layer 15 consists of 60% Al ₂ O ₃ and 40% TiO ₂ . It has a thickness of 0.3 mm and is comparatively tough and ductile. The outer layer 17, which is characterized by very good wear properties, is also 0.3 mm thick and consists of 97% Al ₂ O ₃ and 3% TiO ₂ . The coating process used is flame spraying.

The finished coating has a thickness of about 0.6 mm and excellent sliding properties with very little wear, especially when using skids 8 from the above, with carbon fibers reinforce ceramic materials based on C-CSiC.

Example 2

The surface of a hybrid guideway carrier after Fig. 3 made of concrete and steel is pretreated with a grinding process. For a partial compensation of the different thermal expansions of the individual structural components, a graded structure of the coating is realized. As in Example 1, the inner, facing the Fahrwegträger and 0.4 mm thick layer 22 of 60% Al ₂ O ₃ and 40% TiO ₂ . As a coating process, in turn, the flame spraying is used. The outer layer 23 is a 0.3 mm thick coating based on a polymeric PU resin with 30% graphite.

The finished coating has a thickness of about 0.7 mm and excellent sliding properties. The remaining after abrasion of the outer polyurethane resin layer 23 hard material layer has a high wear resistance and good, immediately available sliding properties. This is especially true because the roughness valleys 25 od with polyurethane resin. Like. Are filled and the roughness peaks 24 therefore have no significant effect on the desired low frictional resistance. Particularly favorable conditions result in connection with skids 8 from the above-mentioned, carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic material based on C-CSiC.

With Examples 1 and 2, the advantage is achieved that the sliding friction coefficient of the tribological pairing sliding surface / skid is drastically reduced and the wear resistance of the pairing increases up to tenfold. In addition, excellent adhesion of the coating as a whole is achieved.

The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, which can be modified in many ways. This applies in particular with regard to in a particular case existing structure of the guideway carrier, which may be in addition to the described concrete and / or composite structures also completely made of steel guideway. In addition, the term "track carrier" in the present invention includes all suitable for the production of roads for magnetic levitation vehicles of the type described constructions (support, plate and modular designs and the like) regardless of whether the sliding surfaces 14, 19 at elevations of concrete beams or on special sliding strips made of steel or concrete are provided, which are connected by composite construction or by welding, screws or otherwise with other components to the finished guideways or simply consist of the substantially flat surfaces of the concrete, composite or steel beams. Furthermore, it is clear that the coating materials exemplified also completely or partially replaced by other materials with corresponding properties, other proportions of the additive in the position 23 of Fig. 3 applied and other than the described thicknesses for the different layers can be selected and be, with thicknesses of a maximum of 1 mm are preferred. As a matrix material for the outer layer 23 could alternatively z. For example, a material based on an epoxy or acrylate resin may be used. In addition, it is expedient to produce the sliding surfaces 14, 19 each with a certain undersize, so that after the coating, the required pliers dimension between the coating surface and the undersides of the stator 3 results. Alternatively, the increase in the forceps measure caused by the coating could also be compensated by a corresponding change in the skids 8.

Claims (14)

1. A guideway carrier having at least one gliding surface (14, 19) for magnetic levitation vehicles (4), which at least have one gliding skid (8) destined for being set-down onto the gliding surface (14, 19), wherein said gliding surface (14, 19) is provided with a low-friction coating to be adapted (matched) to the gliding skid material, characterized in that said coating is provided by applying a ceramic material.
2. A guideway carrier according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic material predominantly comprises an oxide-ceramic material.
3. A guideway carrier according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ceramic material substantially consists of aluminum oxide and/or titanium dioxide.
4. A guideway carrier according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the coating is applied by using a ceramic material and at least one additive.
5. A guideway carrier according to Claim 4, characterized in that the additive is a polymeric polyurethane resin with graphite acting as gliding agent.
6. A guideway carrier according to any of the preceding Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the coating is applied in several layers and that at least one inner layer (15, 22) contains the ceramic material.
7. A guideway carrier according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said coating is set-up in a graduated configuration.
8. A guideway carrier according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the inner layer (15) is comprised of a mixture composed of 50 to 70 percent by mass of aluminum oxide and as the remainder of titanium dioxide and that a second outer layer (17) lying on said layer (15) consists of a mixture comprised of at least 90 percent by mass of aluminum oxide and as the remainder of titanium dioxide.
9. A guideway carrier according to Claim 8, characterized in that the inner layer (22) is comprised of a mixture composed of 50 to 70 percent by mass of aluminum oxide and as the remainder of titanium dioxide and that a second outer layer (23) lying on said layer (22) comprises a polymeric polyurethane resin having 20 to 40 percent by mass of graphite.
10. A guideway carrier according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said coating has a thickness of 1 mm maximum.
11. A guideway carrier according to any of the preceding claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the inner layer (15, 22) has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.
12. A guideway carrier according to any of the preceding claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the outer layer (17, 23) has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm.
13. A guideway carrier according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the surface of the inner layer (22) is roughened.
14. A magnetic levitation railway with a guideway having a plurality of guideway carriers (11, 18) provided with at least one gliding surface (14, 19) each, and with at least one magnetic levitation vehicle (4) having at least one gliding skid (8) destined for being set-down onto one of said gliding surfaces (14, 19) and made of a carbon being reinforced with carbon fibres and enriched with SiC, characterized in that the guideway carriers (11, 18) are designed according to one or several claims of Claims 1 to 13.

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