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EP1366439A1 - Schema, procede d'analyse syntactique et procede de production de train de bits sur la base d'un schema - Google Patents

Schema, procede d'analyse syntactique et procede de production de train de bits sur la base d'un schema

Info

Publication number
EP1366439A1
EP1366439A1 EP02710247A EP02710247A EP1366439A1 EP 1366439 A1 EP1366439 A1 EP 1366439A1 EP 02710247 A EP02710247 A EP 02710247A EP 02710247 A EP02710247 A EP 02710247A EP 1366439 A1 EP1366439 A1 EP 1366439A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
xsd
data
type
schema
bit stream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP02710247A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sylvain Devillers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Publication of EP1366439A1 publication Critical patent/EP1366439A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
    • G06F16/958—Organisation or management of web site content, e.g. publishing, maintaining pages or automatic linking
    • G06F16/986—Document structures and storage, e.g. HTML extensions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/25—Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems
    • G06F16/258—Data format conversion from or to a database

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of syntactically analyzing a bit stream containing data which have a structure and contents conforming to a certain format said method being intended to generate a tree-like representation of said stream.
  • the invention also relates to a method of generating a bit stream according to a certain format, from a document which is a tree-like representation of said bit stream and which contains data, notably imported data, by using a certain import mode.
  • the invention also relates to a schema defining one or various types of data which may have one or various facets, and comprising a plurality of elements for which it describes a name, a type of data, an interleaving, an order and a number of occurrences predefined or random, the occurrence of an element being mandatory or optional.
  • the invention also relates to computer programs for implementing such methods, a processing unit which contains storage means for storing such a schema and such computer programs, as well as a transmission system which comprises at least a source entity and a destination entity, said source entity having means for storing such a schema and one or such programs.
  • the invention has applications in the field of editing, modification and merging of contents.
  • An example of application of the invention is the adaptation of contents to be transmitted to a destination as a function of the user profile (screen, calculation capacity, storage capacity, link used for the transmission ).
  • Such adaptation notably permits to avoid the useless transmission of the data which the recipient will not be able to use, and thus to save on the passband.
  • French patent application no. 0101530 filed 05.02.2001 by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NN. has already described a generation method for generating a file with certain characteristic features from a basic document written in a markup language and describing a basic progressive file, said method comprising a transformation step of generating a transformed document by applying to the basic document a predefined transformation which is a function of said characteristic features, the file with said characteristic features being generated from the transformed document.
  • This method consists in executing the necessary transformations on a basic document in which the structure of the progressive file is apparent. It permits to avoid having to decode the basic progressive file to recode it differently.
  • this file generation method implies the generation of a basic document which describes the basic progressive file, and then the generation of another file from the transformed document.
  • the invention notably comprises proposing a new type of schema which permits to describe a coding format in a generic manner.
  • a schema according to the invention defines one or various types of data which may have one or various facets.
  • the schema comprises a plurality of elements for which it describes a name, a type of data, an interleaving, an order and a number of predefined or random occurrences, the occurrence of an element being mandatory or optional. And it is characterized in that it has at least one of the following characteristic features:
  • a method according to the invention of syntactically analyzing a bit stream which contains data which have a structure and contents according to a certain format to generate a tree-like representation of said stream is characterized in that it comprises: A) reading a schema which, for generically describing said format: a) defines one or more types of data which may contain one or more facets, notably: - when said format uses binary words of predefined length or lengths; one or more types of data corresponding to said binary words of predefined length or lengths said types of data having at least one facet relating to said length and, when said binary words of predefined length or lengths may contain one or more padding bits, said type of data having a facet relating to said padding bits,
  • the invention thus comprises producing a tool that permits to generically describe a format in a schema.
  • the invention then comprises the use of such a schema for analyzing the syntax of a bit stream according to said format so as to generate a document that represents said stream and that is an instance of said schema.
  • the schema specifies the various types of data which may be contained in a bit stream according to said format, as well as the manner of including these data in the final document.
  • the types of data specified in the schema and the rules of inclusion in the final document depend on the format considered.
  • said schema defines various data types which correspond to binary words of predefined lengths which may comprise padding bits and which have a facet relating to said length and one or more facets relating to said padding bits,
  • - defines a data type that corresponds to binary segments of indefinite length, defined by a stop flag and having contents intended to be imported in said representation via the use of a certain import mode, and which has a facet relating to an import mode and a facet relating to said stop flag,
  • conditional branches to describe the various structures or contents which are possible as a function of the value of said variables.
  • a method according to the invention of generating a bit stream according to a certain format from a document which is a tree-like representation of said bit stream and which contains data, notably data imported by the use of a certain import mode, is characterized in that it comprises:
  • - defines one or more variables constituted by an access path to said data situated at the front in said tree-like representation - and comprises one or more conditional branches for describing the various structures or contents possible as a function of the value of said variable or variables to determine the type of data contained in said document, C) coding said data as a function of the type defined, D) constituting a bit stream from the coded data.
  • the invention thus also comprises the use of a schema of the type described above for generating a bit stream from a document that represents the bit stream and which is an instance of said schema.
  • the document and the schema are read in parallel to determine the type of data contained in the document so as to code them in accordance with that which the format provides, and to constitute a bit stream with the coded data.
  • Fig. 1 represents a block diagram summarizing the basic mode of operation of a syntactic analysis method according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 represents a block diagram summarizing the basic mode of operation of a bit stream generation method according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is an example of a transmission system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is represented a block diagram explaining the basic mode of operation of a syntactic analysis method according to the invention.
  • a block Bl represents a bit stream according to a predefined format.
  • a block B2 represents a schema which generically describes said predetermined format.
  • a block B3 represents a syntactic analyzer which permits to make a syntactic analysis of the bit stream Bl so as to generate a document B4 which is a tree-like representation of the bit stream Bl and an instance of the schema B2.
  • the schema B2 describes the syntax of the bit stream. It notably specifies the type of data which may occur in the bit stream and the manner in which they are to be included in the document.
  • the tree-like representation B4 is generated depending on the analysis of the bit stream Bl.
  • a block B'2 represents a schema which describes a coding format in a generic manner.
  • a block B'4 represents a document which is an instance of the schema B'2.
  • a block B'3 represents a bit stream generator which permits to read the document B'4 and the schema B'2 in parallel to generate a bit stream B'l .
  • the schemas B2 and B'2 used for the same coding format are identical.
  • the document B'4 is read with the schema B'2 so as to determine the type of data which are contained in the document B'4. For a value read from the document B'4 the corresponding type of data found in the schema B'2 determines the coding mode to be used for coding said value.
  • the documents B4 and B'4 are advantageously XML documents and the schemas B2 and B'2 are written in a new language derived from the XML schema language.
  • XML is a recommendation of the consortium W3C (extensible Markup Language 1.0 dated 06.10.2000), and the XML schema is a recommendation project of the same W3C consortium dated 24.10.2000.
  • the XML recommendation and the XML schema recommendation project are available on the Internet site http://www.w3.org/.
  • an XML document notably comprises entities which may be analyzed and contain text, that is to say, a sequence of characters belonging to a predefined set of characters and which represent a tag or textual data.
  • an XML document contains one or more elements whose limits are marked by a start flag and a stop flag. Elements may be interleaving. Each element is identified by a name which is indicated in its start flag and in its stop flag. An element may have a value. The value of an element is placed between its start flag and its stop flag.
  • the data are chosen to be placed directly in the elements of the XML document so as to simply the implementation (that is to say, that the data contained in the XML document constitute values of XML elements).
  • XML schema is a schema language which permits to specify the contents and the XML document structure: more particularly, an XML schema permits to describe elements and for each element a name, a type of data, an interleaving, a frequency of appearance and a number of occurrences. The order of appearance and the number of occurrences may be predefined or random. The occurrence of an element may be mandatory or optional.
  • a schema defines a class of XML documents.
  • An instance of an XML schema is an XML document which is valid with respect to said schema.
  • bit streams of the JPEG2000 format will be considered. This is no longer restrictive and it is clear that the invention may be applied to other formats. For certain formats it may be necessary to add other types of data to those that are described here.
  • annex A an example of a schema is given which describes the JPEG2000 coding format.
  • This schema utilizes simple types of data which are generic and which are defined in annex B, and simple types of data derived from these generic types which are defined in annex C.
  • Annex D gives an example of an XML document which is an instance of the schema given in annex A and which represents a JPEG2000 bit stream.
  • the letters «xsd» identify the tools which are defined in an XML schema.
  • the letters «bsd» identify the tools which are added by the invention.
  • the schema B2 (which is considered identical to schema B'2 in the following of the description) defines the type of all the data which may be contained in a stream according to the JPEG2000 format. Certain types of data already exist in the XML schema language and can directly be used. Others are to be modified. Others must be added.
  • a bit stream according to the JPEG2000 format more particularly contains the following types of data:
  • the first import mode comprises converting the binary data into characters which belong to a predefined set of characters used by XML.
  • a coding method is advantageously used known by the name of «base 64» and described in paragraph 6.8 of the document RFC 2045 published by the IETF. This method comprises dividing the binary data and converting them into groups of 6 bits and associating to each group of 6 bits a character of the predefined set of characters.
  • This first import mode causes an expansion of the data by 33%.
  • the coding of the data which are written in the bit stream is to be unequivocal and implicit.
  • Certain types of data which previously existed in the XML schema and are unequivocal and implicit are used directly: this is the case, for example, with types of «xsd: unsignedShort» data, which represents an integer between - 32768 and +32767 and which may thus be implicitly coded in two bytes. This is also the case with «xsd: unsignedlnt» and «xsd: unsignedByte».
  • the type of data «xsd: binary» is used but by modifying it: 1) A facet is added thereto relating to a stop flag entitled «bsd: stopFlagExclusive».
  • This facet will be used to indicate the end of a binary segment of indefinite length: for example, the JPEG2000 packets which are binary segments of indefinite length are defined either by a marker SOP (Start Of Packet) or by a marker SOT (Start Of Tile) or by a marker EOC (End Of Code stream); thus for a JPEG2000 packet this facet will have one of the three values FF51 (SOP), FF90 (SOT) or FFD9 (EOC).
  • This modified type of data is entitled «binaryNoLength» and is defined in the following manner in the annex C:
  • This modified type of data which is a generic type, is then used to derive other types of specific data which may be found in an XML bit stream.
  • the type «PacketDataTYpe» which corresponds to the JPEG2000 packets is derived from the generic type «binaryNoLength».
  • the data contained in these packets are imported in the XML document by the use of the second import mode (pointer to the area of the bit stream which contains the data).
  • a JPEG2000 packet is defined by a marker which has one of the following three values: FF51, FFD9 or FF90.
  • the invention also comprises the addition of a new type of data intended to be used for the binary words of predefined length.
  • This new type of data is entitled «bsd: bitsArray» and it contains three facets: one facet entitled «bitsLength» relating to the length of the binary word, one facet entitled «prePadding» relating to the number of padding bits placed before the significant bit or bits, and one facet entitled «postPadding» relating to the number of padding bits placed after the significant bit or bits.
  • This new type of data is defined in the annex C in the following manner:
  • this new type of data which is a generic type of data is then used to derive specific types of data which may be found in a JPEG2000 stream.
  • the type of data entitled «1 lb», which is derived from the generic type of data «bitsArray» corresponds to a binary word of 11 bits which does not contain padding bits:
  • the syntactic analyzer B3 reads the bit stream Bl with the schema B2 to generate a tree-like representation B4 of the bit stream Bl .
  • This tree-like representation B4 is an instance of the schema B2. It is generated recursively by interpreting the connectors found in the schema.
  • the connector «xsd: sequence» is interpreted by the syntactic analyzer in the following manner: when the syntactic analyzer finds a connector «xsd: sequence», it reads the elements in the bit stream in a same order as in the schema.
  • a connector «xsd: sequence» is used in the elements of the type «CodestreamType» defined in annex A.
  • an element «Codestream» must comprise an element «MainHeader» followed by an element «Tile», followed by an element «EOC».
  • the connector «xsd: all» is interpreted in the following fashion by the syntactic analyzer: when the syntactic analyzer finds a connector «xsd: all», it starts by attempting to read the first declared element in the connector «xsd: all», and if it fails, it attempts to read the second element etc. ... When it finds an element searched for, it passes to the next element in the connector «xsd: all». It only passes to the next connector when all the elements of the connector «xsd: all» have been run through.
  • the element found in the bit stream does not correspond to the element searched for when the schema defines a fixed value for this element or for one of the sub- elements it contains, and when this value does not correspond to that which is found in the bit stream.
  • the syntactic analyzer tries to implement an element «SIZ»
  • the element read from the bit stream is not the element searched for if it does not start with «FF51» which is the value assigned to the marker «SIZ» in the JPEG2000 standard.
  • the connector «xsd: all» is, for example, used in the elements of the type «MainHeader Type» defined in annex A.
  • an element «MainHeader» must comprise an element «SOC» followed by an element «SIZ» followed by a group which may contain one or more or none of the following elements taken in random order: «COD», «QCD», «COC», «QCC», «RGN», «POC», «PPM», «TLM», «PLM», «CRG».
  • the connector «xsd: choice» may also be used.
  • the syntactic analyzer finds a connector «xsd: choice» it starts trying to read in the bit stream the first element declared in the connector «xsd: choice».
  • the syntactic analyzer finds the element searched for, it passes to the next connector in the schema.
  • the syntactic analyzer passes to the following element in the same connector «xsd: choice».
  • variable is used in the XSLT language (XMLExtensible StyleSheet Language Transformation).
  • XSLT is a language specified by the W3C consortium, which permits to define transformations which may be applied to XML documents.
  • a variable is a character string linked to one value. It may appear at a certain position in a document and be used elsewhere.
  • the value of an identified variable by a character string is accessed by placing the $ sign before the character string (worded differently, $ZZZ is the value of the variable identified by the character string ZZZ). The value of a variable is indicated in the definition of the variable.
  • the invention permits to define the value of a variable in the form of a path in an XML tree, by utilizing the syntax defined in the Xpath language (XML Path Language).
  • Xpath is also a language specified by the W3C consortium. The specifications of XSLT and Xpath are available on the Internet site http://www.w3.org.
  • variable permits, for example, to define a number of elements by a parameter instead of defining it by a constant value.
  • the value of a parameter is given at the front of the bit stream, and informs about the structure or the contents of the rest of the bit stream, the value of the variable is defined by the use of the Xpath syntax.
  • the number of components «comp- siz» contained in the marker segment SIZ is defined in a parameter «Csiz» which is placed at the front of the marker segment SIZ.
  • the element «Csiz» is defined as a variable. Its value is defined by a path in the tree-like representation under construction: with respect to this, the expression «SIZ/Csiz» indicates that «Csiz» is a son element of the element «SIZ». Then, during the definition of the complex type «SIZ» this variable «Csiz» is called for to determine the number of occurrences of the element «comp-siz».
  • the invention also comprises the addition of a new group model «bsd: conditionalChoice» and two new connectors «xsl: ifi» and «xsl: choose».
  • This permits to introduce conditional branches in the schemas and thus to express conditional choices which may exist in the format one seeks to describe.
  • the connectors «xsl: if» and «xsl: choose» are defined in the XSLT language. According to the specifications of the XSLT language the connectors «xsl: if» and «xsl: choose» use an attribute «test» which permits to define a choice of function of the result of a test.
  • the connector «xsl: ifi» permits to define a choice as a function of the value of a Boolean variable.
  • the connector «xsl: choose» permits to define a choice from a plurality of alternatives.
  • the JPEG2000 format provides that the presence of certain elements, or that the type of a data, depends on the value of a parameter which is given at the front of the bit stream. This is notably the case in the element «SPcod» which is contained in the «COD» element.
  • the element «SPcod» contains an element «PredinctSize» solely when the variable «PredinctsUsed» has the value of 1. This constraint is expressed in the schema in which a connector «xsl: if» is used.
  • the syntactic analyzer When the syntactic analyzer reads the bit stream, it progressively generates an XML tree. When it comes across a variable in the schema, for example, in an attribute «test» of a connector «if», it evaluates this variable by applying the path indicated.
  • a first embodiment of the invention thus comprises the addition of the new tools proposed by the invention as extensions to the existing XML schema language.
  • Another embodiment of the invention comprises a total redefinition of a new language which takes the tools of the XML schema and adds thereto the new tools proposed by the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is shown an example of a transmission system according to the invention.
  • the transmission system shown in Fig. 3 comprises a server SV and a plurality of clients CT.
  • the server SV and the clients CT are linked to the Internet WWW.
  • the server SV contains memory means MEM and processing means PROC.
  • the memory means contain notably a schema B2, a first bit stream Bl and a computer program PG1 for implementing a syntactic analysis method according to the invention to obtain a first document B4 which represents the first bit stream Bl and which is an instance of the schema B2.
  • the memory means MEM advantageously also contain a computer program PG2 for implementing a method of generating a second bit stream B'l from a document B'4 representing same and from the schema B2.
  • the document B'4 is obtained by applying a transformation to the document B4, which transformation depends on the profile of a client who has previously requested the transfer of a bit stream.
  • ⁇ xsd:hasFacet name "prePadding"/>

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
  • Document Processing Apparatus (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un nouveau type de schéma, dérivé du schéma (B2)XML, qui permet de décrire un format de codage de façon générique. Un tel schéma sert à mettre en oeuvre une analyse syntactique d'un train (B1) de bits en vue de produire un document (B4) qui représente le train de bits et constitue une instance dudit schéma ; ou de produire un train de bits à partir d'un document représentant le train de bits.
EP02710247A 2001-02-28 2002-02-08 Schema, procede d'analyse syntactique et procede de production de train de bits sur la base d'un schema Ceased EP1366439A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0102764A FR2821458A1 (fr) 2001-02-28 2001-02-28 Schema, procede d'analyse syntaxique et procede de generation d'un flux binaire a partir d'un schema
FR0102764 2001-02-28
PCT/IB2002/000393 WO2002069187A1 (fr) 2001-02-28 2002-02-08 Schema, procede d'analyse syntactique et procede de production de train de bits sur la base d'un schema

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1366439A1 true EP1366439A1 (fr) 2003-12-03

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EP02710247A Ceased EP1366439A1 (fr) 2001-02-28 2002-02-08 Schema, procede d'analyse syntactique et procede de production de train de bits sur la base d'un schema

Country Status (11)

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EP (1) EP1366439A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4260481B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100898614B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100449530C (fr)
BR (1) BR0204315A (fr)
FR (1) FR2821458A1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA02010534A (fr)
PL (1) PL363513A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2294012C2 (fr)
TW (1) TW563036B (fr)
WO (1) WO2002069187A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2821458A1 (fr) 2002-08-30
RU2294012C2 (ru) 2007-02-20
JP2004519771A (ja) 2004-07-02
KR20020092459A (ko) 2002-12-11
JP4260481B2 (ja) 2009-04-30
CN100449530C (zh) 2009-01-07
MXPA02010534A (es) 2003-09-22
KR100898614B1 (ko) 2009-05-21
BR0204315A (pt) 2003-02-18
WO2002069187A1 (fr) 2002-09-06
CN1462400A (zh) 2003-12-17
RU2003128962A (ru) 2005-03-10
PL363513A1 (en) 2004-11-29
TW563036B (en) 2003-11-21

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