DE2908689A1 - Small water head through-flow turbine - has rotor with axis horizontally across water flow and with three-part system of guide vanes - Google Patents

Abstract

The turbine has a stator with a three-part guide system guiding the water horizontally or slightly downwards. The rotor's axis lies across the direction of flow and its blades are traversed twice by the water as its flows through the turbine. The inlet part of the guide system has vanes that direct the water slightly upwards to strike the concave faces of the rotor's baldes. The middle part of the guide system guides the water slightly downwards inside the rotor so that it again strikes the concave faces of the rotor blades on the other side of the rotor. The outlet part of the guide system guides the outgoing water slightly upwards.

Description

Walter Mimmerrichter

Cross-flow turbine with continuous channels in a three-part Control system for approximately horizontal flow, energy requirements and reasons for protecting the environment require greater use of water power. So far, water forces have been using large flows (water volumes per second) with small gradients hardly used, So of rivers or the tides with small tidal ranges, e.g. on the North Sea coast. Legs of the well-known ilur binenarten are suitable for processing large flow rates.

To do this, the following conditions would have to be met for cross-flow turbines: 1. The inside of the rotor (rotor) must be traversed almost in its entire cross-section and at the same time many blades have to be acted upon when they are acted upon twice will.

2. The water must flow almost horizontally through the turbine.

3. The water must be used on the first, but also on the second hit be fed to the shovels @ at a favorable angle and open at all all the way through the turbine without a sharp # kink @ flowing through it, and none at all Eddies and counter currents are allowed to inhibit the flow, which is why strict guidance is required by guide channels in a three-part control system, namely before @entry into the rotor, inside and at the exit from the turbine.

4. This three-part guidance system must be firmly attached to the foundation and housing connected to the turbine while the rotor sits on the shaft. This horizontal Waves must be very strong in broad rivers and glacier power stations with a small tidal range long because it has to go through several turbines.

Up to now there was no turbine - not even a cross-flow turbine - that could meet these demands.

The Banki cross-flow turbines did not have any inside the rotor L @ it devices. The water flows vertically freely through the interior of St. so that it is not in the most favorable direction on the second loading Shovels hit.

With a horizontal flow, eddies and countercurrents would be inevitable. Distractors and guiding devices were certainly devised.

They were @@ @@@ @@ ch l @@ h @den @@ ll @ hung up, so not stable (see patent specification 444890), the water flow also only went through the lower one Part of the rotor. - According to the patent @ r.380018 there was probably one inside Guide drum, but even there only a few shovels were used, furthermore, the water does not flow horizontally through the turbine and the guide device did not sit on the shaft, the rotor (Laufer) @ur on a hollow shaft. That would be a row of several turbines on a single shaft is excluded.

The @@@ gende @findung fulfills all of the above conditions, this turbine being built according to the same principles in two versions can: type A and type B.

The three-part control system of the stator consists of a system from of channels narrow-rectangular cross-section the length of the rotor, sat on the wave. Fig. 2 shows such a turbine of the type A with a vertical shaft and water flowing through horizontally in plan view, FIG. 1 in section in the front view. After passing the @ intritts control system EL, the water flows without a break against # the blades of the rotor R and without a bend after loading into the channels of the indoor guidance system IL, so that it is directed derset that it is again the blades on the opposite side are applied without a kink, then again without a kink in the @@@ areas of the exit control system AL over @ eritt in order to move in the direction of flow d. @ To be carried over underwater. So the water flows without a kink, rather with gentle curvatures in general through the identically numbered channels - that is continuously - through the turbine. A strict guidance thus prevents eddies and Counter-currents, the interior is almost entirely direct-flow, most of the blades of the rotor are acted upon.- The blades of the rotor R are in reality are closer than in the drawing, see Fig. 4. The blade shape iach Fig.5 has the disadvantage that the deflection of the water during exposure under one smaller angle takes place, because of the inside of the rotor a smaller deflection is required and the cross-sectional area is flowed through to almost 100%. -At For wider canals, it would be advisable to do so before and after you hit the canals to be subdivided to a length of a few cm, i.e. by lengthways partition walls. - With this one Type A, which flows through only one weighting, can use the channels in both the EL as well as in the IL just in front of the rotor were narrowed like a nozzle.

The most difficult problem with this invention was the fixation of the indoor control system IL, which is firmly connected to the foundation of the turbine got to. But that can only be done on one Side done, as shown in Fig.1 on the bottom. At the top, the canal walls are held in place by a strong metal plate.

In any case, the height of the turbine in the direction of the shaft can be due to @er Danger of the deformation not to be too big. - The sensors of the @otors R s @@@@ gen above by a k @@@@ för- @ i @@ Sch @ lce S @@@@ gen @@@@ n, which is connected with the wave W. is, @@@@ the edges of the Schauleln @@@@@ @@@ c strong circular ring @@@ @@@ @@@@@ f @@@@ ch @ lten, which can rotate just under the upper calf of the @od @@ surface.

The type A turbine described is a single turbine - @@ @@@ @@@@@ "@lle, g @@ ignet for smaller rivers.

Type B is a multiple turbine with a horizontal shaft (Fig. 6, 7 @@ d 8) @@@ wide rivers and for tidal power plants.

6 and 7 between @rel Tu @@ n @@@@@@, F @ @@ @@ iding @ n @ @@ - tung of the staling water, u.zw. separated: Fig. 6 only the stators, in section @ur the indoor control systems IL with (in the drawing) 4 channels above and below of the shaft, Fig.7 only the rotors R seated on the shaft W furbine only one pair of blades each above and below in the front view, the You have to imagine the whole blade ring.

Di @@ e @@@@ fel pairs are firmly attached to the discs S and thus to the shaft W welded on. These disks S rotate in the gap Sp of the interior guidance system IL of Fig.6, while the blades in the spaces between the foundation casing F and the indoor guidance systems IL. The channel walls of the in @ en control systems IL are attached to the strong circular plates P, which are again in the Secure foundation housing F.

Fig. 8 shows the entire turbine with stator and rotor in a side view, 6 and 7 seen from the left in a vertical section. The water flows in this side view at high tide from the right (full arrow) first into the entry guidance system a, after the blades of the rotor have been blown, it gets into the channels of the inner guidance system, after the second exposure by the exit control system into the low water. After the ebb has occurred, it then flows in the opposite direction (dashed Arrows) through the turbine.

The water between the non-pressurized blades hardly disturbs the movement, since it was already in motion and not must first be accelerated.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (7)

Claims: flow turbine for small gradients but large flow rates, so for hydroelectric power plants on rivers and streams and for tidal power plants low tidal range, characterized in that the water is essentially horizontal or slightly downward sloping direction through continuous channels in a three-part fixed control system of the stator s @ flows, while the blades of the Rotor (R) acted upon twice, u.zw. by the following route: entrance control system (EL), that feeds the water in the best possible direction to the blades of the rotor (R), # whereupon the water is taken up by the inner guidance system (IL) and passed on in this way is that it is again under bestgeelgneter direction the blades of the rotor on fer opposite side is fed, # after it has been applied by the Channels of the exit control system (AL) added without a backlash and in the direction of the outflowing underwater is diverted. 2. Flow turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the interior of the rotor (R) is flowed through almost completely and thus to everyone Time the smallest blades of the rotor are acted upon. . Cross-flow turbine according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the channels of the three-part guidance system, the cross-sections of narrow and elongated Have rectangles, this length being approximately the height of the futbine in the direction of the Axis @ corresponds, and these channels follow one another in continuations and such Have curvatures that the water is passed on without kinks. 4. throughflow turbine according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the entire control system as a stator at least on one side with a dvm foundation or foundation housing (F) the turbine is connected, the free ends of the duct walls but by circular or circular slats (P). 5. Cross-flow turbine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that the blades of the rotor (R) are appropriately curved (Fig.3, Fig.4), on the one side are firmly attached to a circular disc (S), which is firmly on the shaft (w) sits on the other, the free side, by a circular ring strong disc to be held together. 6. Cross-flow turbine according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that that the turbine built according to these claims can be produced in two types can: '2 type A as a mint turbine with vertical shaft for smaller rivers (Fig. 1 up to 5), type B preferably for wide rivers and for tidal power plants as a multi-turbine with a common horizontal shaft (Fig. 6 to 8). 7. Cross-flow turbine according to claim 1 to b, characterized in that that in the case of the type B multiple turbine, the individual turbines are symmetrical in space Turbine pairs (twins) and these @ next to each other on a single shaft (W) be lined up, u.zw. such that two rotors (R) with their blades Space-symmetrically combined to form pairs of rotors (twins) with a common disk (S) are that two indoor guidance systems (Tt) with their channels to Tnnen-LeitsysteiFaaren are united, so that the disks (S) of the rotors are in the columns (Sp) of the stator can rotate without friction, that finally the common entry control systems (EL) opposite the columns (sp) of the interior guidance system (IL) through wider partition walls are separated in such a way that only a little water can flow through the gaps (Sp), The exit guidance systems ### also allow the flow through appropriate partition walls the cracks difficult.