DE2358007A1 - MONITORING AND RESULTS COMPUTER SYSTEM - Google Patents

Description

Antes

November 20, 1973 vA // (ted

'IKCOSIPOMiKSD

The invention relates to gin and gin computersystosp inabosondoro euf oin ßystoe, Performance and historical JDnton sur lx®ntiimai © rlictioa zung d @ s Bttriebss © iner Kraftanlogo

ff

Dr-In @. I. UQEtGWf ⁵ ^ fL (D DI ρ! .- trag. H. DElElKIiIPKW, PaS © raflacK!? 3G & ©, ISIn ff

■ ■■ ι

Is

The usual © type of tfsitorleitung © In © r log information © n an operator consists in the arrangement of a scanning device, tfol- before programming is controlled ρ to convey the information in the SpoictieTOunit of a CPU »Us log is a © group® of data, which is identified by specifying the log number · Bas log has a © list of points and a word euf. Di l © © £ jv © rarbeitungsvorrichtung can identify the log, dl © Zoit _9, the point identification number or -numbers and the hoard or ι the value "" print. The storage of the log processor is the sheet of paper. If the log is activated every five minutes, the log program will be scheduled to collect the data for the log five minutes later. From the operator's (human) point of view, he sees what is going on by looking back at the lines on the sheet of paper. To do this, a typewriter may require per log, which is unprak- \

table is. !

. ■ j

In such a prior art, printing devices used to print log data and a large number η becomes arranged in a format in which a single log generally occupies a line on the printer. A lied which has a large number, such as 100 variables, would span the single line and the resulting Printing paper was very wide. Another log was printed on the next line. As a result of this type of format a relatively complicated program is required, with new headings being reprinted every time

609822/1084

a new log is issued. It should be noted that instead of the time-dependent representation of a printout is dependent on the request or on the request to the program Type of imprint can be used. For example, in a request-dependent arrangement, a user requests a log, which is then put together in a computer and printed out on a typewriter. According to that Prior art, this typewriter was usually a typewriter with a wide carriage, which is mechanical Printing used, and the printed record on paper was the memory. The mechanical disc machines are used because of their ability to print one character at a time. On the other hand, printers are those which do non-impact printing use, perhaps much more appropriate from the standpoint of the relative freedom from iris maintenance in the impact printers and from the standpoint of speed. Non-impact printers, however, are not suitable for use in the usual log data storage and printing systems because these systems have an imprint format which allows the imprint of a character to be Time required. This the imprint of a sign to one Time-required format is incompatible with the non-impact printers because of the chemical preparation and development processes on such non-impact printers there is generally a relatively short time interval for those who are more likely to see Preparation and development step of the printer require * When using the well-known non-impact printer in the usual one log data system would therefore if the time interval between If the print of the adjacent line is too long, the chemical bath overdevelop and wash out those lines which do not have been removed from development in a timely manner.

some known log print formats have a new heading, which contains the various name identifications, reprinted for each new line. In with the same used log processing systems will also have a request switchboard used to work in conjunction with a program and special log programs which lists for everyone's special log included. The program consists of lists in the memory

409822/1064

Cher der TeUe (the Hamen). These Usten in de "^^ Γ consist essentially only of the names, while an ad book holds the addresses or the digits of the names in" ^^. A secondary storage device, such as the B · ¹ «* drum, contains you. Contents or the value of data associated with the name in the memory.

In some monitoring and control systems, which in ^Wa "^ ?!" are available, overload and protective devices are also used. These devices are turned on within one S ^{0 "11} *""circle and is provided at its actuation the y star with a display hinsichtüch the source of ^ f ^ within the power plant, such as neratorstrom a Ve or a boiler draw. ^R ~ ^ntaktV the Protection circuitry, including devices and protection relays, were turned on in Attempts to program the computer to generate ^ relays or other protection devices """^; ^ Te _ltkontak were Untitled, sowio the times of operation of their sound "have revealed common problems.

These protection circuits usually contain a ^^ ™ trip device such as relays and switches. W a triggering state is present. If one or * ^eh ^ * or readout devices are energized and their associated contact "earths" switched, "irrespective of the given relay that is activated by a status of the system, there are usually one or more auxiliary relals within the protection network, - *» * ■ " A first relay switch can have contacts which, if necessary, cause a further relay in auxiliary switches, even if a tripping state is initially sensed on one, signals can therefore be in the system een. that cause one or more "" - ^ '"to earth or that a trip or triggers take place, in turn indirectly switch to other contacts in the system

Because of the component combined with the protection system,

<, 09822/1064

-A-

the contacts of the auxiliary relay (s) switch over before the final Contact that feeds the computer from the initial relay is energized. As a result, the computer sees or that Control system in incorrect yteise that the contacts of the or the Auxiliary relay can be switched before the contacts of the initial relay, and interprets this as a trip, which through the function of the auxiliary relay is caused. The computer also records the closing or switching of the other devices in the protective circuit and the associated or affected system devices on. The computer records the respective times of occurrence of the circuit and the status of all devices on.

Another problem that occurs in the well-known surveillance and control systems for power plants is that because of the associated with the individual relay and trip devices various delays between the exact time of the occurrence of the alarm condition or the "process" and the actuation of the contacts of these devices, the monitoring and control system indicates the incorrect cause of the operation, since the The system first becomes aware of this process when the contacts are actuated.

common alarm systems, such as those used in power plants are used, provide scanning devices whichever is desired System characteristics, such as a boiler temperature, with stored low and / or high alarm setpoints compare which have been previously determined or calculated for this point. The alarm information state is the Ausj output signal on printers, typewriters or malfunction indicators, which audible and / or visible warnings of an alarmj create state. A problem found in the usual alarm systems is present, consists in the fact that an emergency in the system can result in a large number of alarms, which are triggered almost simultaneously such as those attributable to a main turbine failure, which in turn with others Devices cooperate so that the actuation of other alarms is caused. In addition to high and low alarm limits

409822/1064

that are set for a particular device, one or more new alarm conditions are provided in some systems, which are set to occur when a previously alarmed point is detected which is in a prescribed one has changed significantly, which is either above or below the last alarmed value. Frequently this prescribed appreciable change, hereinafter referred to as a "delta" value, is usually difficult to achieve record and the deviations in value are difficult to follow, as soon as it is no longer normal. The large dispensing events induced by the loss of the device result in the occurrence of several alarms, which are almost continuous for the given device and any related equipment systems.

The alarm information state here is the output on printers, typewriters, alarms and CRT devices. It has been found that the output of Alann information by such devices is often confusing or confusing to the human Understanding goes unnoticed, both because of the large amount of information that is presented at the same time, as well because of the format in which this information is presented.

One object of the invention is the formation of a monitoring and result computer system, which from the standpoint of computer storage cost, processing time and output is both practical and effective.

Another task is to develop a log processing system, which enables the equivalent of printing on a wide side on narrow paper.

Another task is to develop a log processing system that can easily change the log line.

Another task consists in the formation of a log processing system in which the stored data can be used universally by all system functions .

403822/1064

- ^s -? ff

Another task is to develop a log processing system, in which the log page information in the memory

S is more compressed in an easily printable form, including a mini- \ nimale processing is required.

j Another object is the storage of this infor- \ mation in a memory of the second level rather than allowing on paper.

Another task is to develop a log processing system, which the defined variables via decv log names can handle this log easily.

Another task is, both past and to be able to output existing data without the need for continuous output.

Another task is to develop a log processing system, which make any log available on request or when a condition or operation occurs can.

Another task is the formation of a log processing system, which generates data on a page on a timed out basis, from non-impact printers with less Maintenance is used more effectively.

Another object of the invention is to provide a Monitoring and control system that generates the real and correct sequence of process interruptions which occur in the overload and protective devices of the system occur.

Another object of the invention is to provide a To effect alarm information in a simple and easily understandable catfish

Another task is to provide the operator with the current, to provide appropriate alarm information, which as

409822/1064

the one of the greatest importance is determined.

Another task is to make a reasonable reduction the extent of the alarm information given to the operator is presented in a given system.

Another task is to get a CRT representation of the alarm information Provide which is easy to understand and formatted in such a way that it only provides the necessary alarm information, which is arranged in a logical way.

Another object is to provide a CRT representation of the alarm information which is formatted to contain it maximizes the amount of data presented.

Another object of the invention is to provide a System that compensates and corrects for the failure of any of the input devices that affect the variability of the Measure system.

These and other objects are achieved by the present invention which incorporates a log processing system within the monitoring system. and results computer system in which analog / digital input data is provided to the computer system by monitoring devices are presented, such as transducers and thermocouples, which are located at various pick-up points outside the Computer system are arranged. The input data is scanned and converted into a universal format of the named System variable converted that can be used by all system functions. The format contains the name identification the variable, the value of the system variable, the quality of the data, and the time at which the data was received will. The name or part of each fc log is defined by the format Are defined. Trigger conditions are defined for the system in such a way that that particular changes in time or particular changes in any system changeable trigger a given logs in one or two active states. In general, a free log state represents the log number

40982 2/1064

-β- 3

and is a log number list with no name or page assignment, while a defined but still inactive log state only names contains. An active log contains both names and values related to times or time intervals. An active one The output log state not only contains names and values, but also a request for printing or displaying a logs · If a log is changed or triggered in the active state or in the active output state, then put the log data in the correct log page field in the correct one Index point saved. The log page format is for di © use determined by page-oriented printers in which each i & te has a log number and a log heading that came or contains the identification of each part dos logs. These names are arranged in separate columns in the heading at the top of the page. It also contains each log page the time display of the data on each line.

In general, the program is designed to handle all of the details following an operator's request to place or change a point in a log without any further human intervention. The program is designed to define log lists, report or remove parts of the lists and allocate pages. The Programiflist also intended to be triggered by ^r orgänge or times to the imprint adjust and control. The program is also designed to control the log state. The use of the universal format of named system variables, the formatting and storage of data in the log page field, and the final format of the paged print form a system with the ability to easily change the types of logs, that is, the log- Change parts or add them to the logs.

The present invention also provides a system and method before to derive the ordered sequence of interruption processes, which are scanned by display devices that are switched on within a protective circuit, these display devices being characterized by a

409822/1064

Time delay between the scanning of a previously determined state and the actuation of their associated switch contacts. The display devices contain a device for detecting the Change in the state of the relevant switching contacts, vrelche associated with each display device are means for storing the values of the time delays associated with each display device are connected, the time delays being the known delay for a particular contact between its The switching time and the actual time of occurrence of the process on the associated protective device represent and the time the actuation of the switch contacts is detected by the system, as well as a device for subtracting the stored time delay values from the detected times of actuation of the switch contacts of the devices concerned to a corrected time of initiation of the process on the devices concerned so that a corrected order of occurrences is derived which is the correct order of occurrence the operations on the devices and, accordingly, the initial one Indicates the cause of the operation.

The storage and the calculations are carried out by the monitoring and results computer system according to the invention which receives indications of the real time of switching of the device contacts and the associated corrected time delay for the particular contacts to act in order to generate the real time of actuation of the protection device. The system and the method according to the invention is thereby able to determine the actual interruption process, which triggered the protective devices.

The present invention also provides an alarm system and method suggests the assignment of an alarm threshold for a system variable measured at a given point in the system includes sampling this point for the measured system variable, even after such an alarm value has been detected, the calculation and action of a second alarm value, which represents a significant change (a delta value) in the measured system change from the last alarm value.

A09822 / 106 / »

provides, and the output of the information of the system variable, which is present at each such new alarm value.

The method also includes setting a fixed appreciable change (a delta value) that is associated with the measured system variable at a point, thereby the second alarm and any subsequent new alarms are usually triggered when the measured system changes deviates from the last alarm value by this specified amount. The method also includes changing this delta value for a given point by choosing a multiplier that acts on the established delta value to be another Generate delta value, which then changes the current value of the significant change in the measured system variable represents. This running delta value requires the next alarm of the value of the measured system variable. The usage the multiplier for calculating an appreciable change in the value of the system variable by which the If the second or any subsequent alarm is to be triggered, the use of discretion enables only that one to be selected very important alarm states that are to be output, whereby the number of alarm outputs is reduced to a minimum.

A CRT device is provided for the output of the alarm information, which each alarm, as soon as it is detected, immediately on the next free line above the last new alarm represents, starting at the. bottom line of the alarm area of the CRT screen and moving up. When an operator uses the Recognizes alarm information, the alarm message is automatically changed to a reduced format in which the current fourth, the current direction, the current deviation from the alarm limit value and the current duration of the alarm with the sampling frequency or the calculation frequency of the measured point is brought up to date. When the CRT screen is filled with alarm information is, that is, the upper line of the alarm area is occupied, the oldest group of alarm messages is at the bottom Transfer the end of the screen to a system memory as alarm information backlog and the alarm information on the lines above.

4Q9822 / 1064

A!>

-τ ^ v> condensed below half of those who are broadcast, sox. after u. ^^

• be, whereby the entry of the new ^alarm _de

free line above the existing ax shown Alarm range is enabled.

If the value of a measured ^s y ^stemverSnder ^ f ^ "££""Fun" previously acquired and in de new ^ "^^ rselbe in de, venn this point is detected furthermore, because α any appreciable extent by crossing the calculated The value has changed above or below the last alarm value ^ and if this R "* t .leb-" is on the ** "™ £" ^ ° painted side of the alarm limit value, then it will be displayed on its current line on the CRT screen in the "~" format, until the operator tells it, at what point in time the alarm information is returned to the th format, but the % ££% £ measured system variables have previously been moved into the Alarmini arrears, the Alarm message can be removed from the backlog and placed on the next free line that is determined in the alarm area.

As used above, "with a ^name system changeable" includes a measured system changer

and vice versa.

The invention discloses a system which is used to support the execution of processes which occur in a generation plant. The system includes a *** ££ * _E do sverfahren to convert input data from different lufThmepunkten in a universal format a provided with a naming system variables that can be used by all system functions. Particular changes in time or in any system variable can cause a given log to be resolved into a memory state or a ^ f * ™ ^ ™ ^ in which the stored data is output by a printer in a page-oriented log format the. The system also includes an order of * «"«■" * £ *. refraction procedure, beJ. which those within the protective circuit

409822/1064

-1, - V

se arranged display devices with regard to their respective Time delays between the sampling time of a measured state and the actuation time of the associated switching contacts Getting corrected. This correction is achieved by storing the predetermined values of the time delays, associated with each of the display devices and by having them stored time delay values from those detected by the system Times of actuation of the relevant switching contacts are subtracted, creating a corrected sequence of operations is derived, which is the correct order of occurrence of the events on the display devices and, accordingly, the indicates the initial cause of the operation. The system also includes an alarm method in which alarm limits one on one given point in the system are assigned to measured system variables and new alarm values are calculated so that a A new alarm occurs when the measured system variable deviates from the last alarm value to a significant extent, whereby only the most important alarm conditions to be output are selected with discretion. A CRT-F device is used for the display of the alarm information and works with a reduced line format for those alarms raised by the operator be acknowledged. The introduction, removal and display of alar alarm data on the CRT screen is designed to facilitate the Present data in a simple and easy-to-understand manner while maximizing the amount of data presented.

In the drawings shows:

Figure 1 is a general block diagram of the monitoring and results computer system according to the invention,

2 shows a printer output format for a log page which contains the Invention illustrates

3 is a block diagram illustrating the four log states;

Fig. K is a generalized operational flow diagram of the system

409822/1064

stems,

Fig. 5 is a more detailed operational flow diagram of the circuit shown in Fig.

4 diagram shown,

Fig. 6 is an illustration of the operator / engineer control panel; Fig. 7 is a flow diagram of the operation for defining a log.

Fig. 8 is a flow diagram of the operation for changing the state of a log;

9 is a flow diagram of the operation for controlling the collection and / or output of log data;

Fig.10 shows a protection circuit which is connected to the computer control part of the System is connected, which calculates the real sequence of operations caused by the overload and Protective devices are detected,

11 is a graphical representation of the curve profile of one on one Point measured system variable, with the set alarm values, the set new alarm values and the alarmed values are drawn in to illustrate the alarm system,

Fig. 12 shows a CRT screen showing an alarm area

which has alarm information in accordance with the format according to the invention,

Fig. 13 is a generalized functional block diagram of the Alarm system.

Figures 14A, B, C, D and E show the order of the presentations the log trend,

FIGS. 14F, G, H, I and J show the order of the presentations in a known trend display.

409822/1064

- jFig. 15A is a graph of a matched output signal (assumed value) if the input signals are changed.

Figure 15B is a block diagram of a voting system for deriving an (assumed) output value that is used for maintenance of the system is being used.

Fig. 16 shows the method for deriving an assumed value, which is used to maintain the system.

Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a monitoring and results computer system; that to support the execution of operations is used, which occur in power generation systems.

! The system is shown generally in a block diagram.

! Block 10 relates to the scanning devices as a whole Equipment that feeds the information to the computer system in analog, digital and / or pulse form. The block 11 represents the Interface and the filter circuits for filtering and conditioning the digital and pulse signals, which are with the computer system either through the CPU and / or the input / output processor. The block 12 represents the filter

'represent the devices and the scanning devices for processing the analog signals. The block 13 contains the control of the multiple operation for the scanning. Block 14 represents the logic and arithmetic circuits associated with the CPU. The block 15 contains the programming system which controls the logical and arithmetic circuits 14 and the memory handles in order to obtain the desired sequence of instructions which result in the monitoring services. The block 16 provides the internal control dsr CPU. The computer used in this function are mainly machines in the manner of switches and provide a CPU constitute a small-to-medium level. Multiple CPU ¹ S can also be used when it is necessary . The illustrated systems typically include multi-level memories and have high memory transfer speeds. The block 17 shows the longing! _T current working beitsspeicher. The block 18 provides a memory with a second

409822/1064

23580Ü7

The block 19 represents memory with a tertiary level. Different levels of memory would be used depending on the speed required to program the response contained therein. Block 20 represents the input / output processor, which the _; | logical, control and associated memory device has for | Processing, formatting etc /. all input and output data of the '/ | System, as well as to regulate the connections under the information; | units of the system and for the transfer control of the information ^! ύ tion which must be exchanged or transferred between the outer peripheral devices and the inner storage ^ ehern. Block 21 represents the hard copy output devices, such as: | Duration and / or curve recorders of various types. Some of these m devices 21 are used for permanent historical records f | used, others for printed information for temporary use in operations. The block 22 shows a group | pe or groups of alphanumeric presentation devices, § such as CRTs for displaying information with so | continuous or temporary increase which does not require a hard copy f. The block 23 shows a group or groups of a grain | Bination of alphanumeric and graphic display types ' § of CRTs, which are used in a similar manner to the devices 22 | but the ability to visualize | exhibit. The block 2k represents a combined type of CRT, | which is used both for the illustration and in connection with the requirements of the operator / engineer switchboard, which is denoted by reference number 25. The block 26 represents | the interface circuits are forming the implementation and arrival] Passungsvorrichtungen that are to V / pus reproducing of information \ from the present system j required to other data systems. 1

In general, the system shown in Fig. 1 enables! Operation, which will be described in more detail below, j

Dar. log processing systems included in the system according to the invention is intended for use with page-oriented printers. An example of the print format for a

409822/1064

Page is in flg. 2 shown. In the case of page-oriented printing, this is the log of the. System identified by a single number, which is indicated at reference number 30 as "log 66". A log consists of a group of data that is associated with that log are · Each log provided with a number is associated with an English identifier, which is identified by the reference number 31 denotes 1st. The same is done by an interchangeable programming input device and an on-line modification or composition system assigned. This English identifier, such as "Turbine Inlet Conditions", is on each page printed in the log. Each log comprises a number of pages, for example up to ten pages, each page being a multiple of Contains system variables, for example sixteen. In Pig, 2 the corners of the page define the log number 66 and the page Nr, ■ i »1 with" 66/1 ". Every system mutable on the page has one Capacity of, for example, 40 lines of consecutive lines or other readings.

In the log heading are the year, the month, the day of the month, the day of the week, the hour, the minute, the seconds and the time interval between logs for the data on the log page included. As indicated by reference number 32, In the bracketed area there is also a list of the scores along with an English description of each these points included. In the example shown, there are sixteen dots in the sixteen columns across the page. As indicated by the heading area 32, column is 1 a list of the pages, column 2 a list of the main steam at the throttle, etc.

In addition to the log heading, each page contains a headline and data identification information for each variable which is that page corresponding to that shown in FIG Example is assigned. Page 1 of each log can therefore be used as a system variable to display the data on this line contain. The logs can be with repetitive collection frequencies which extend, for example, from one second to one day.

409822/1064

The system describes an organized naming of the system changers, which is by all means constant, which simplifies the task of selecting and requesting information from the system. The system provides a method of grouping 1 related operational information organized on the basis of 1 functional lists, hereinafter referred to as log- | Pages are labeled so that simple queries will v / ground all related information. As can be seen from the description below, the log page lists can easily be generated and implemented by non-computer trained personnel modified by the plant operators and engineers. § The log processing system is organized so that a hard i;! J copy is generated as a log output on the basis of a page to a · § time loosely wherein serve printers are used with low ^ maintenance effectively. The 6 side-oriented [| log processing system also enables the continuous acceptance of desired log data with the option of the last page; or to receive pages of data upon request or when a 1. previously defined process occurs. ·

This system also facilitates the generation of a graphical representation of the trends of selectable data from active log pages. ; A log trend CRT can be used to track the trend of the informa-. mation of one or more points in any active log or logs on the screen. A trend display of the information can be initiated by the query panel to display the trend of the information, such as for. \

^! Example the identifying heading, Pen ID, Point ID, the English identification, the quality, the current value,

\ the current technical units, standards and other things. The ν

'Verlangennach trend pen recording and after CRT log Trenddar- §

'· Position can be generated and controlled from the operator control panel

t be controlled. All points that the recorder of the operator *!

are assigned, «■ can be identified, and the current ί

\ Value can be in a special format on the trend information fs

j CRT can be displayed. It should be noted that the CRT display |

; The development of log output data can be used for output 4

ι as an addition to or as a replacement for a log-Seitendruk- |

409822/1064 I.

The page-oriented printed format according to the present invention includes a given log content in a full page of information, being multiple points of information for a given Time are arranged on one line. A request by a user for a given log therefore creates a page the printed information with the current log time and the previous thirty or forty log lines of information for the same log. This is in contrast to some known ones log-processing formats, which are essentially a different log on each successive line, so that? unrelated sets of information to one another be mixed.

The log-processing format makes it much more practical to be a great one Amount of information stored in a memory, such as the names, the addresses or the position in the memory, as well as the content or the value of the names in the memory. The amount of information contained in the memory becomes self-evident depend to a large extent on the ratio between the amount of memory that violates the processing time constraints is available. In the page-oriented printing method according to the present invention, the memory generally contains a 4P «* pool of information pages, with each page the information is similar in content to the data to be printed on the printer for a given log. Of course For example, the data in memory may be compressed to a lesser degree than described above, to which extent Case the processing and compression of the data into the final form for one page is required.

A printer can store 16 information columns in the page-oriented print format take up. Since many logs contain more than 16 information points at a given time, the printed pages arranged in such a way that they hold a large number of columns of information for a given log, for example 160 information & columns. In this example there are 10 printed pages

409822/106 &

", ₃ cde ^Z Sruc ^ eite 16

on a strip in series at _e e ^^^ rt «base columns IUr contains the same log on a zei yn ^ ^^^. Side, may - ^ - ^^ aenen indicated times

contains. Page 1 can contain the ^^^ given times or information points ™ "£% £« * » ₁₇ to 52 *. Page 2 will ^display the Ιηίο ™ ³ "! "^ _{Ε1ηά as} the data that appear at the same time Genomes are _included

r _ei ; _e 1, side, is given the ™ ° »^ £% £ side

are united.

zelnes lied ^{to a}

As an example, let us assume that a ** - _{mT every} uneven time contains 275 characters or 33 ^ e "». _{To contain} L * t and that the ei ^ ¹ "" ^, ^. Liten are required ... to present this data Therefore, three g ^ _{146 are required} , honoring the = _E ev, 8 similar to a f ^^ "" ^ / pages on a page-oriented printer, strips are arranged in a row.

^ s system includes such a ^ - ^ "^ / single drawing P» * t. in the whole system ^^ ^ ^ names. The basic name and the

exhibit, in which: ^ ^^ ^ ^ _{inferior to} "the LUT. and ^ is a number from 0 to 9999.

B Boolean bit

C constant

D digital input

F tendon calculation

Reserve (for group numbers)

reserve

Summation of the Boolean changes

reserve

Memory parts

Performance calculation

Relay output

Special analog input (composite

Maximum of N points
Minimum of N points
Deviation from the usual

The indices, which provide the basic name "IRD processing to"'J or display of a point transformation, _G ebxl by L. is attached to the forming related identification to the "round. The indices ™™» °% "ZT £ £ r veau to have the _S he time of the new Furirt wirrt generates the index can be in accordance with the alpha-Darstellunge * -S-RDnet earths ", such as:.. A = average periodic, B -pe riodisches minimum, C - continuous running average, D = daily average, F = daily minimum, etc.

_A ll variables of the analog and digital type Verden in the computer memory with a Oualitstscode gespeicher the mt

G 'i'Jϊ-j.,''j ■ ·
'_ ■■ »<* -', -:. H ■; * ■■ - ('Γ ,! I. L. ■; - · ^ M. I ''! "Rl * * '! P. i T-V "W.. · ■
ι JiM:; R.
S. i ί ϊρ '
- .. i'.iföi ί. T • ;;. |, | Γ W. i .'ί ^; ''ί>^; ·
! · Ί: fc; X

and

a quality identifier _G together with the, / contain.

to make operational _üm the system must meet the following requirements of ΟΡ · · ™ * '^^^^ "is presented immediately,

1. the requirement that the

2. the requirement that the

2 2/1 06

3. The requirement that the log information be in special time intervals is presented, for example every hour. Each log can be in one of the following four states.

Each log has a built-in trigger, such as an "IF" statement selected by the operator. The "log 44" is activated, for example, when D1O3 (the pump contacts) and when an analog value goes beyond a certain defined state or value or when the predetermined one Activity of the system changes its quality.

In Fig. 3, the four log states are shown in the form of a block diagram. The free (undefined) log state O represents the log number without designations in the log and without page assignment . In general, the free log state O is a log number list without a name. The defined (inactive) log state 1 contains the names. The active (collecting but not printing) log state 2 contains both names and values at special time intervals of the collection. The outputting (collecting and actively printing) log state 3 not only contains names and values, but is both outputting and collecting.

In the free state, the log is available for definition and does not use any pages. A request to print or to report a free log should immediately notify the query station that the log is "free".

In the defined state, the log has some system-changeable elements assigned to its columns, but is not collecting or printing. The logs are moved from the free state to the defined state by the control panel function and / or an on-line program system. Once the log is defined, the operator determines the column and the ID of the system variable that is associated with that column. A number of columns greater than 16 causes the system to automatically use an additional page or pages and the mechanism continues for multiples of 16 up to ten pages. Logs with high collections / printing frequency are

409822/1064

require two memory pages per log page to allow time for printing to be provided. The operator can insert empty columns for formatting as desired. To print a request or a defined one log should report the usual log headings that "variable" heading and a line of the last available value of the corresponding system variable. Alles this is printed on a page basis by the printer connected to the requesting switchboard, if not one different printers are requested or automatically replaced by the system itself.

A defined log can be moved into the active state either by the control panel function or by changing the state in a prescribed direction, a flag bit which is set by a program triggered by an action. When moving from the defined to the active state, a collection frequency is determined either by the control panel function or the trigger program or the previously assigned frequency if no new one is supplied. In the event of a conflict, the program takes precedence. The active state causes the log processing system to collect the values associated with the system variables contained in the page lists at the frequency in question defined for its own log. When this data is collected, it is written to the system's drum / disk (secondary) memory. For example, each log page contains enough memory to hold the heading information and forty lines of data. The output has a total of 52 lines of 132 characters Three additional lines of memory are provided as buffers for print time. The log processing program continues to overwrite the oldest line so that a full ₁ log page is kept available for immediate printing on demand "Logs (with an interval of less than thirty seconds) moved into the imprint state can be two-sided en can be used alternately, one being printed out while the other is kept available for the log processing program.

409822/1064

The change from the active state to the output state ||

is initiated by the control panel function or the previous? |

written change of direction of the state of a second indicator- §

chen bits. If the output is canceled by the control panel function

is reached, the current content of the log is printed immediately ||

and each new data page (40 lines) is automatically printed, I.

until the control panel function requests that the output be canceled |

will. If the imprint is initiated by an operation, |

If the digital action program controlling the print is correct, both I

the number of readings to be taken before the I

print is initiated, as well as the duration of the print. If the | Imprint entered by a process or a delayed process

is in charge, the time of the introductory pre-I will be used in any case

gangs stored as a row of data in column 1 and an asterisk I.

in this corresponding line for all other columns the- |

inscribed on this line. All event-triggered logs can f

triggered manually, with or without delay of the printout, f

Either the active or the output report of an active log f

will cause the full headings and dates of the current, .j

the page to be printed on the printer that started with the request-: j

control panel is connected if nothing else is requested. |

As an example, the |

Pages are taken from a system pool of 280 pages. If! ■

it is assumed that the logs described above with 1 to j

99 are designated, this pool contains the pages for 100 series J

logs as well as special logs. |

The 100 series of logs include: I.

A: the tabulated log 101, which is the formal log with ί

up to ten pages is; |

B: the log 102, which is the formal daily logs with up to |

contains ten pages, |

C: the log 103, which is the operating data log with a turbine; |

nen trip analysis from two sides and a frequency of $.

one second is |

D * the log 104, which is the operating data log with a turbine 1

' 1

409822/1064 I.

. nen trip analysis is up to five sides and a frequency of fifteen seconds,
E: the logs 105, 106, 107, which are assigned to the turbine data log for the operation with openings of a predetermined value once a day and for the turbine run with half load or for the triggering of the rotary gear plus ten minutes, and you from certain with the turbine combined analog or contact variables which exceed set limit values, F: the logs 108 to 110 as a reserve.

Each log has the ability to assume the four states defined above and move back and forth within these * four states, as indicated by the arrows is that connect the blocks together. In the above log processing system No programmer is necessary because the program in operation is completely in control is subject to the operator or the user.

There are generally three types of system variables, namely the analog type, the Boolean type and the reference type. The variables of the analog type are composed of dots having Fourth, which are represented by more than one bit plus quality. Variables of the analog type include analog inputs, constants generated by the program or introduced via the operator's control panel, quick calculations, power calculations, common variables, and others. Boolean-type variables consist of points that have values represented by a bit plus quality and that contain variables such as digital inputs, relay outputs, and Boolean bits (flag bits). Variables of the reference type generate the storage location identification and contain storage locations in the core or in the drum / disc for the purpose of referring to the content in those locations.

The log processing system can be used to create both tabular Data as well as graphical or curve representations of the system

409822/1064

to create. The curve displays are used when the

In i », readings preceding the present time, de of 40 log readings, _{seconds or 20} minutes, etc.

as for "· ¹ " * · ^ ₁ ^ · _] ^ Πβγ a point is therefore through

r _n tz:

can be characterized.

Svstem includes a log trend CRT display, which trends Γ: four consoles, ei, en can ^ ₌ inendei-_

nem active log or a ^ ";-" V _ff j ΛττΛτητ ¹ TRF.MD button 12dd ^ iig · iremla / syt ^ n refractive scale the bivalent analog

rt 1 r * rt. which are stored in the associated log page

II IZ (nLren HA to 14E). Figures HF to 1 ”show

chert are ) ^Ti <? " ^re ". _lche ^ t. _0HNE n), in

:: ^ Γζ ": _r Tf _h reit ⁽ no trend display is available. Part el- such display does not contain any structured stored data.

A time scale emitter can be in accordance with the log frequency being represented. The track can be linked accordingly to the brought up to date and with each new log line. in the the log pages are saved, "advanced".

The loß trend CRT display enables an operational shock to occur immediately is represented by, for example, back tracing a number of r log readings. As a result the effects of an immediate operational action are instantly displayed in order to track the corrective action.

409822/1064

235800? '

-2G-

4 is a flow diagram of the operation of the system shown. The system can be operated through four general operations be characterized. The first operation involves converting the analog and digital input data to the computer on the lines 46 or 48 in a universal format that can be used for all system functions, as indicated by the reference number 50 in Fig. 4 is specified. The universal formats, which are denoted by the reference number 52, contain the came, the variable ^ (Quantity), the quality and the time. The log parts are thus defined by name, value, quality and time »The log parts are therefore defined by the universal format and the input data is converted into such a format.

The second general operation involves defining the trigger conditions for the system, such as a particular change in time £ T or a particular change in one Mutable in the format. In the system the at 54 specified log triggering by any state on the Measurement-subject recording points initiated, such as a boiler, a turbine or a generator, or by setting tables drawn up by the operator.

As mentioned earlier, every log has a built-in trigger (or an ⁿ IF ^w statement) that is activated when the predetermined trigger conditions occur. As indicated by reference numeral 56, upon the occurrence of a trigger for a given log, the third general operation of the system includes means for controlling changes in log status relative to the four log states defined above. That is, when a trigger occurs, a control device is provided which causes a change in the status from the active and non-printing state to the active and printing state, from the defined state to the active state, etc., as shown by the arrows in FIG 3 is indicated. If the log status is determined, then the system triggers a change in the status of the log to this specific state. It should be noted that there can be different types of triggering. The trigger

409822/1084

ι "" η be delayed, Do not smoke immediately, but rather mn »verzoe

The fourth general operation of the system is rung and storing data in the correct xog-w. *. < field, as indicated by reference number 58. If the data cind a number in a log and it is the right time to put the data on an active log list, then the:>? Data formatted and stored in the correct log page field at the correct index location, creating a setting for effective output on all correct log pages.

The fifth operation involves retrieving the data from : ien log pages, final formatting, and printing the Io page in accordance with the "Uτι-oriented printing format" as indicated by reference numeral 60 described above.

Referring to Figure 5, there is a more detailed flow diagram of that shown in Figure 4; Shown in the diagram. Identical reference numbers are shown in FIG used to designate identical parts of the system shown in FIG. Analog and digital input data will be from the computer on lines 46 and 48 respectively and received as scanned Input data presented at 62. The signals are received by transducers, thermocouples, etc., which are connected to various Parts of the measuring system are arranged. The sampled input data at 62 can be processed by custom and programmed calculations converted into calculated data at 64. Both the sampled input data at 62 and the calculated data at 64 are incorporated as quality and variability into the named system variability format at 52. Data relating to the time are also obtained from a time data block 66 for the format of the system changeable with a name generated at 52. In addition, memory cells 68 containing hams are provided with a name for the format of the System mutable provided at 52.

If there is a change in the state of the named G system variable 52 takes place, must be determined at 74,

409822/1064

~ ²⁸ '

whether this change in state should trigger the log. If, on the other hand, there is no change in condition 70 takes place as indicated at 72, then the pick-up point must be checked for other data. It is to be noted that the package of named system changers, which is the ma name, the changeable, the quality and the time is stored in the current data field.

Any of the variables of the analog type and the boolean type can separate limit values or a limit value index can be assigned in order to trigger an associated program. For the changeable of the Boolean type, it should be possible to determine the direction of the state change in order to trigger the associated program. These programs are used to set sample rates, log or delayed operations, and other special system actions to manipulate. Once a program is triggered, it should not be retriggered until the triggered program has been carried out.

If the change in state is programmed at 70 to be To cause the log to be triggered at 74, the program will control the '' log status, as indicated generally by reference numeral 56 is. In particular, the program is designed to control the log status by removing the log from either the active non-printing State to the active printing state at 76 or 1ϊ from the defined inactive state to the active state 78 is changed. If the program is such that a change is to take place from the active non-printing state to the active printing state at 76, then the log at 80 changed to print status for a period £ T. If that The program is such that a change from the defined inactive state to the active state is to take place at 78, then the log at 82 becomes the active state for the time interval

j / λ * changed.

If the log at 80 in the print status or at 82 in the active State is changed, then the log packet is stored at 58,

409822/1064

There are two ways which are used to store data can be. If the data is on any active log list at 84 and it is time to put the data in a defined Save list at 86, then the first option requires that the data be formatted and at 88 in the correct log page field in the correct index location. If the data is on any active lists Y at 90 and it is time to log the data in that Y at 92, then the second option requires that the data be collected at 94 in a buffer memory or tape. The first option 84, 86, 88 represents a separate working process, while the second option 90, 92, 94 is an addition process represents.

The use of the universal format for named System mutable, the formatting and storage of data in the log page field as well as the final format of the page-oriented Footprints form a system with the ability to change the types of logs, that is, to change the parts of the log or to add to the logs.

The log processing system is designed to have the ability to define log lists, to report parts of the lists or remove and assign pages. The log processing system is also designed to run through operations or times can be triggered to set and control the footprint. The log processing system is also designed in such a way that that it has the ability to control the log status.

d d b ä

e. si η

In general, two types of logs are known:

1. formal logs, which are generated periodically and by the Operator cannot be changed, but can be changed by a special function of the system engineer, and _

2. special logs, in which parts are placed in the logs or removed from the logs by the operator, whereby the logs are periodic in nature or with the logs triggered. .. ι «

409822/1064

When defining a loop, a funct can change any system assigned to any particular log. Any V.'ert, which has a system name, should be stored in a special log should be allowed. Some funct one with a name System variables can also be assigned to any column of the particular log. As Fig. 6 shows, the Assign log button 119 of operator / engineer control panel 118 is printed. The log-N-number, the column and the name of the system variable are inserted by means of buttons 120. Then the EXECUTE command button 121 is operated to cause the special named system variables are assigned to a log column. In the example, column 17 begins automatically the second page, column 33 the third page, and so on. Similarly, actuating the CANCEIM command button causes 122 the removal of the name of a system variable from the particular column. This causes make appear when the column is printed or displayed. A special case of the CANCEL command is provided for the assignment of spaces to enable all columns of a particular log, thereby making the log "free". The button 119 (log assign), buttons 120 (log number) and button 123 (REPORT operation) cause the whole heading and names of the system changers printed or displayed with the last value of the column will.

Any log can be activated on request. The operator can introduce or change the collection period (from one second to one day). But he can also determine that the same is set by changing a special bit for the activation. This is done by pressing button 119 by tabulating with buttons 120 to set the frequency field , introducing the frequency number of buttons 120 and pressing command button 121.

* Any number of logs can be activated at any time and at frequencies consistent with the creation states of the

id E is to ™ ^ - <* \ <£

Fr, uences are activated,

System changeable are compatible. It's too ™ ^ - <* \ <£

named system changers in more than one log

A09822 / 10SA

-31 -

at the same or different log collection rates can appear.

Gem? Fig. 6 is activated by pressing button 124 (COLLECT LOG) of buttons 120 (log number) and the CANCEL command button 122 halted the collection of log data and this log returned to the defined, inactive state. When you print, it will also print when the current page finishes brought to a standstill.

A similar sequence of operations and the operation of the ί REPORT command button 123, when activated, causes the full log headings, the descriptions of the system changers, etc., as well as the content in any log memory, including the last value of all assigned named system variables and pages are printed. When the display button 125a of the button row 125 is depressed the first page is to be recorded in the normal group output format on the selected screen frame. Subsequent Pages can be opened by pressing the »Page for more» button 126a be made visible.

The operator can request the output of any log number from the control panel. According to Fig. 6 special buttons are provided, such as button 127 (FORMAL LOG) and button 128 (SHIFT REVIEi). If immediate output is required, will the EXECUTE command button 121 is pressed. The selected log is immediately printed on the printing devices that come with the control panel 118 are connected, unless otherwise | is required. |

At execution time, any log can be used for the action or §

V delayed process footprint can be determined, and the changes |

tion of a corresponding bit can be determined to eliminate this |

to solve. An action or delayed action activation of the |

Occurrence at the time of the process should be in column 1 of the next J

Line to be saved on the next log page while al- I

Ie other columns are left blank. The output should then be |

409822/1064 1

in the event of an operation to be continued or after collection additional lines in case of a delayed operation.

Button 129 (OUTPUT LOG), buttons 120 (log number) and CANCEL command button 122 stall the output and the log is returned to the active collecting state.

The button 129 (OUTPUT LOG) and buttons 120 (log number) are operated. When the DISPLAY button 125a is depressed, the report is displayed in group format on the selected screen ^{frame, one page at a time (via the "W} PAGE FOR MOR" button 126a of the button assembly 126).

In accordance with the present invention, the log is both versatile and triggerable. That means you can get a trip from any Generate variables that are worked with 4 such as the mounting points of a boiler or generator. Since the named system changers in the universal format described above, the system can set any conditions for triggering. The universal format contains a name, a variable (quantity), a quality and the time. The universal one FoVmat, which contains the named system variable, can be used and enabled for all system functions the user of the computer has access to the overall information of all specified pick-up points upon request or in accordance with the programmed times as well as changes in the status of the named system changers.

Depending on the particular computer used, the formatting process can be broken down into several ways, ^ he f / if the computer has a limited memory space, a format is used which requires less information in the central storage or a lower channel transmission capacity, but which, on the other hand, requires additional processing time. However, if there is enough storage space and transmission capacity exists and the processing time restrictions are strict, then a format is selected in which the

409822/1064

Data are stored in the central storage in a form which is approximately the same as the format of the printed page, so that relatively little processing time is required.

Referring now to Figure 7, there is shown a flow diagram of the operation for defining a log. A log definition is initiated by a request to introduce, change or omit a named system variable of a log. The beginning of the flow chart for the operation is indicated by the symbol at 130. The system contains at 132 the details for the selection of the log number, the name of the system variable or empty column and the selected column assignment, if one is requested. If there is not yet a selected column assignment, the system goes to the next available column on this or the following page. Usually the operator defines the log and selects its details. The operation ^ e can, however, be made to receive the details of the log at 132. After the individual 1 hot ton of the log are recorded at 132, the status must | ] Sensitive for this log are eordnet to _G at 134 to determine at 136 j that this is the current state logs. If '<the particular log N is currently defined in that it is active j _t and storing or active and printing, then page ¹ ^)] of this log N for the selected or particular column J must be at 138 | <can be arranged. The purpose of knowing at 136 whether the particular log is currently defined is that the fact must be known as to whether the log is present before a particular log is changed. If the log N is not defined continuously at 136 and a demand for a dummy column at 140 is present, then it is not necessary to make a log-mapping at 141 because nothing eführt in a log a _G or is altered log in. However, if the entry at 140 is not in an empty column, then the status of log M at 142 becomes | set the defined state to a free page from the | Select pool. I.

On the other hand, if the log H is currently defined at 136, then will the side of the log N at 130 for the selected or specified column

409822/1064

te J arranged. Yfenn the log page number and the column at 138 are arranged, then a check is made at 144 whether or not the original request was to have one Introduce or change the point (that is, not a space), or whether the desire was directed to an empty log. If the request was directed to an empty log, then at 146 it must be known whether any other named log was found System mutable is present on the log page. 'If there are other points on the page, then at 148 spaces for these points are entered in the column and a value collector 150 is informed that the old point in this special log N is no longer needed. However, if there are no other points on the page at 146, the system may remove the page from the log and return it to a free page pool at 152, prior to the value collector 150 notifying it becomes that the particular point in the log II is no longer needed will. After the page is removed from the log and returned to the free page pool at 152, if that page is the last page in the log was at 154, then the status of this log page is set to the undefined state at 156 and this portion of the operation for the log page is completed at 158.

Now, to come back to the main test at 144, that the desire consisted of introducing or changing a log point (and not a space), this indicates that «et a 7ert is present that introduced into the log or in the same should be changed. As a result, a check is made at 160 carried out whether the particular page I, which was calculated for this log, has already been allocated. If the side I has not yet been allocated, a page is selected from the free page pool at 162 and the selected page I is selected at 164 introduced into the definition list of log M.

If page I is already assigned at 160, then a check is made at 166 to see if there is already a Name tagged system variables are located in column J of this page I. If there is a named system mutable already in a special position or in the column

409822/1064

J is located, then the collector is informed hot 108 that the old lo _C point in the lo _B N will no longer be torn. Naphde _ra der -fertesanmlir is called 168 verntMnrti _S t or a free side oei

•• ι T4- c _Q i '+ p T at 162 in the De-16? is selected and the unselected side ι Dex

finitlonslisto of log H is introduced, then at 170 the computer will introduce the re-nuanced system variable into log page I of log N at point or column J of the form. The computer will then notify the value collector at «ν * for the purpose of collecting those who have been renamed the system, εο dai? the collector knows that four new points are needed for the particular log N. This operation ends at 158.

In * ir. G is a flow of the option to change the status of a log. A log-StatusverSndewng is initiated by an external or internal request, the status of a log. change at 190 au. This prompt appears at 19? gor ^ ichert and the current log status is ordered at 94. A überprUfun _G is performed at 196 to determine whether the current status of the lo _S defined s, is active or active impressive. If the log status does not meet any of these three conditions (i.e., undefined), then the system at 190 characterizes it as an error condition because the log must be in the defined condition before changing its status to any of the other conditions can. If at 193 there is an error condition and at 200 there is a request from an operator, then at 202 the system informs the inquirer that the log is not defined so that the operator knows that he must define the log if he has his own Change status wi * ll. If the prompt at 200 is not human, the system sends a message to an error handler at? 04 indicating that the log is inactive and undefined and that the error handler must identify the user who made the illegal request.

If there is a positive state at 196, then that is possible System from one state to the other over to the lukewarm

409822/106 /;

Check the status of the log and the status of the legs to the desired State. The three desired log status states, which can be requested at 206 are: the log at 208 to be activated and stored, the log at 210 to be active and to make printing, as well as the log at 212 inactive and defined close. To make the log active and latched at 208, a check is made to see if the log at 214 is currently printing. If so, the pressure indicator is reset at 216 along with a prompt upon completion of any imprint that is in progress. In other words, the log is printed at 216 and it it is desired to stop printing and set the log status at 218 to active and memorized.

If the log at 214 is not continuously printing, a check is made to see if the log is currently defined at 220. If so, the memory frequency will be canceled at 222 by means of the prompt and the log status set at 218 to the active and storing state. However, if the log status at 220 is not continuously defiftned the conclusion is that the log is already active and storing, which is the state that is requested. From it it leads to the conclusion that the promotion of unity was made, to change the memory frequency, v / as is done at 224 by means of the prompt. Since the desired log status at 208 is to make the log active and latching and at 214 and 220 it is determined that the log is currently active and is storing, in this case there is no interruption in the memory status, but rather a shift in the Frequency or time period at 224.

If the desired log status is active and printing at 210, it is first determined at 226 whether the log is ongoing is storing. If so, a check is made at 223 executed to determine ^ whether the log is continuously printing. If the log at 228 is continuously printing, the print / The memory frequency is changed at 230 by means of the request for the input information and the log status is changed to the active at 2352

409822/1 064

and set printing status. On the other hand, if the log is not continuously printing at 228, then the printing frequency at 234 becomes is set and a request that printing be carried out at the desired time is made via the print control device.

If the log at 226 is not currently storing, that becomes the controlling Flag bit set at 238 for the collector to mi ^ start storing the values at the specified frequency; .. The flag bit is also set at 234 to cause the printing to occur at the particular frequency and become the log status set at 232 to active and printing.

If it is desired that the log at 212 be in the active and defined State, it only means that the log is to be returned to the defined state in which both Stop printing and saving. In order to achieve this, the flag bit for the active print promotion at 240 is again set and the flag bit for the active memory request is set again at £ 5,242, leaving the log status is set at 244 to the defined state.

The end of the flowchart of the log status change operation is indicated by the icon at 246.

Referring to Figure 9, there is shown a flow diagram of the operation for controlling the collection and / or output of the log data. This control of the log data is initiated at 252 by either value, operation, or time. The status word of a particular log L is then located at 254 and a check is made at 256 to determine whether the status of the log is either active and storing or active and printing. It should be noted that the term "print" as used is intended to include other output operations, such as a visual representation on a CRT device. If the status of the log L is active and storing or active and printing at 256 and it is determined at 258 that it is time to store the data for the log L. then it will list everyone with one

409822/1064

(pO

System changes with names, which are required for the log L, "collected at 2CO, all fourths of the lo _t ^r ; s L are stored in 262 in appropriate places for this time frame, and 'this stored satr · the Y / erte des logs L is added to the buffer dedicated to dan log L at 264.

If it's still not time to add data for the log L at? 58 to save,. or if the stored set of fourths is added at 264 into the buffer dedicated to the log L, then v; ird determined at 266 whether the log L is active and printing. V. 'when the log at 266 is active and printing, and it is time to do the-lo.r L to print at 268, then the heading and dss format of the log L is collected at 270 for output to the desired device and the prepared log L is collected at 272 upon request output to the particular device.

The process of collecting and / or outputting log data is at 274 finished.

Referring to Fig. 10, there is shown a protection circuit which is provided with a System according to the invention is connected. As Fig. 10 shows, contains the protection circuit 280 several overload and protection devices. In particular, there are a release initiation device 282, a trip actuator 284, an intermediate device 286, and a protective relay 288 for a other independent trip initiation shown. The intermediate device 286 provides a chain of intermediate ones Devices and the resulting cumulative delay. Device 288 is another protection device that which is intended for a different purpose, but which, due to the natural coupling of the equipment not forming part of the protection circuit 280, is actually physical Part operated which causes the device 282 to be operated. Because device 288 has a low cumulative Has delay time, this undesirable cross-connection can cause the contact of device 288 to be final Trip actuator 284 actuated prior to the recorded signal passing through device chain 286

409822/1064

arrives at device 284. This causes an erroneous . ■■] indication of the initiation of tripping. , λ

Other switching elements can also be inserted into the protective circuit 280

be switched. Di t special arrangement of safety locks |

is not relevant to the invention. The protection circuit 280 4

rather, it is presented for the purpose of illustrating I.

that various protective I

devices usually in various stages and series ■ '■■ <

Circuits with variable associated delays with f

are connected to each other. The operation of any of the protective }

devices will therefore often affect the other devices

flow so that they are actuated and their associated contacts j be switched. For example, energization of relay 286 may cause the protection relay to be energized.

The problem with such a protection circuit 280 is that the control system? 00 only detects the actual occurrence of a switching operation of the contacts, which usually occurs many milliseconds after the occurrence of the operation affecting the device 282. As a result of the external interaction of the devices in the Schutnstromkreis, certain contacts can also be in front of the Betat 1.711 η3 r. τ Kontaktrelaisreibc are operated, which reports the special protection device that scans the curtain. In the following table, for example, in the left-hand column, an example is shown which lists the associated time delays in each of the devices 282, 284, 206, 280 and ¹ 90 (expressed in milliseconds).

TABLE A

Time delay between actuation time and contact point Vin itgpi t. Time delay (282) = 40 milliseconds Time delay (284) = 25 milliseconds Time delay (286) = RO milliseconds Time delay (288) = 35 milliseconds Time delay (290) = 70 milliseconds

409822/1064

If so the chain represented by the device 206 due to a delay of 80 milliseconds between initiation the interruption process originally sensed by the device 282 and the actual switching of its contacts 282a is characterized, and when a device 284 has a Has a delay of 25 milliseconds, then an interruption at device 286 can occur by means of the Contacts 286a also provide an auxiliary release on the device 284 effect. Because of the various external interactions or chain of connections, contacts 288a and 288b of the device 288 are switched before the contacts of the device 282, which is the actual cause of the process » was, for example, a Kescel explosion. The control system 300 detects the switching of the contacts 284a and 28Rb of the devices 284 and 288, respectively, before the switching of the contact device 28? detected and recorded. This fault usually occurs in protective circuits found, which have a variety of components.

To determine the actual or real cause of the process, the control system 300 includes a storage section 302 for storing the time delay characteristics of each protection device, which are used in the protection circuit 200 for each route will. The control system 300 also includes a logic and arithmetic section 304 that contains the corrected delay times causes which in the memory section 302 and in the switching circuit 308 of the control system 300 be held. The input section 3OG is with the protection circuit 2.80 connected to receive signals from each of the switch contacts. The logic and arithmetic section 304 receives Signals from the input section 306 which indicate the identification of the switching units that have been actuated, as well as the Times of occurrence of the operation. The logical and arithmetic Section 304 subtracts the time delays for the correct path, which is stored in the memory section 302 and linked to the protective device number cn ve, from the account account period, which are displayed on the line 310 by the input section 306, and supplies a checkered to its output 312

409 822/1064

- 41 - · ^; M.

Reading indicating identification of the device, JH as well as the actual corrected trip time and corrected fj | Order of operations. A variety of devices can be || are listed in the order in which their calculated, || Neten tripping times compared to the switching time of your Kontakt® ^ For this purpose, the logical and arithmetic section 30fyl | or a separate logic circuit 314 can be used. ;; ff

• I

■■■ $. Table B illustrates how the logir works ^: || see and arithmetic section 304 in which the detected i | Switching times of the contacts of the various devices on the | Line 310 are received, while the time delays associated with the relevant directions are received by the memory section 302 on the line 311. The corrected actual actuation time of each device (action interrupt) is calculated and provided on the output line 312 of the β section 304.

Recorded contact switching time

recorded time (282) recorded time (284) recorded time (286) recorded Time (288) recorded time (290) -

TABLE B.

Time Delay
the device

40 milliseconds
25 milliseconds
80 milliseconds
35 milliseconds
70 milliseconds

Corrected
Operating time

corrected time (2ΓΡ) corrected time (284) corrected time (286) corrected time (288) corrected time (290)

After the logic and arithmetic section 304 calculates the corrected operation time of each of the devices, ord * | net the same the data received from the control device 300 | according to the corrected sequence, so that the economic interruption of the process is determined. That is, the control device 300 determines the correct order of the beta; tiguhg the devices by the alarm or the incident 1; refraction.

In Fig. 11, a graph of a curve is an on

409822/1064

system variables measured at a point, for example the temperature of a boiler. The ordinate 330 represents the temperature values, while the abscissa 332 represents the time. The curve of the temperature values relative to the time is denoted by 334 ". The example shows the high limit value of the alarm value, which is set for the boiler at 499 ° C and is denoted by 336. It should be noted that there is also a low limit value of the alarm value 438 ° C. is set and designated with 338. The temperature range between the high limit value of the alarm value 336 and the low limit value of the alarm value 338 is referred to as the alarmless or normal side of the alarm limit values 336 and 338. also known as the delta value, is set to 9 ° C (5 ° P). This significant change, or the delta value added to the last alarm value of the measured system variables, defines a band which imposes an upper limit on the is 9 ° C above the last alarm value, and a lower limit which is 9 ⁰ C below the last alarm value, Yfenn the value of the g If the measured system variable reaches or exceeds this band, the measured point is alarmed again and the band around the current value of the measured system variable is restored. This running value is now the last alarm value. If the value of the measured system variable is within the normal range between alarm limit values 336 and 338, the delta value does not apply.

Each point in the system also has a multiplication factor which is used to calculate the delta value at times when the operation of the system requires a decision as to which of the alarm values is most important, so that output to a CRT or other display device is justified. The multiplication factor is therefore brought into effect on the established delta value for those alarm values which have been found to be of minor importance to the ongoing status of the power plant. The multiplication factors can be selected individually and applied to each individual measuring point as part of an algorithm. The same can be entered by the program or by an operator

409822/1064

v; effect can be brought about. The algorithm consists of the real one significant change or the delta value, which is the determined or fixed delta value times the multiplication- ' factor M is equal. The use of the multiplication factor is therefore essentially the application of a correction factor nuf an already existing value used by the computer so that the alarm system is only informed of the significant changes in the measured values after the first alarm has been triggered will.

In the example it is assumed that a multiplication factor H of two is applied to a delta value of 5 ° F *, whereby the effective delta value is changed to .10 ° F. If irfol-e the sampling frequency of the measuring device first a temperature of the boiler is measured, which crosses the alarm limit of 43 ° C at a value of 500 ° C, as indicated by the intersection 340, then 500 ° C is the ^ last alarm v; r: t. Since the new effective delta value is equal to 10 ° F (5 F times ~), the next alarm value state in which the alarm message occurs is greater than or equal to 505 ° C, as indicated by the Reference number i.Cfer 342 is given. If the measured value is later sampled at 506 ° C, as indicated by the crossing point 344, this represents the new alarm value. This process is continued in the same way so that the next alarm value will be greater than or equal to 512 ° C, as indicated by line 346, or less than or equal to 501 ^° C, as indicated by line 347. * ^ _{n p = g} o _Q ** _1Q o _{p = 18} o _c

In Fig. 12, a screen 350 of a CRT device is shown, which is used to display the alarm information received from the system. Any alert that Avird first detects will be immediate shown on the next free line L1 to Lx, beginning at the bottom of the alarm area 351 of the screen 350. Each of the lines L1 to Lx can contain the alarm information for a single measured system variable in the system, as indicated by the alarm information shown is specified. The first alarm for a given measured system will change in the system first on one line on a new one. Shown in aluminum format,

409822 / 106A

which uses the entire width of the screen 350. For example line L2 is shown, which represents a new alarm format, in which the alarm information is shown on the entire line L2 along the sections 352, 354 and 356. When a Operator acknowledges the alarm information shown on line L2, the alarm message is automatically reduced to a reduced one Format changed in which only the current value, the current earth deviation from the alarm limit value, the current direction and the current Duration of the alarm with the sampling or calculation frequency of the measured system variables up to date are brought. This reduced format comprises the portion of line L2 labeled 354. The heading for the data shown in the alarm area 351 is designated by 350. As in inclined to heading 350, the new alarm format includes point identification and an English description of system variables such as boiler 60 temperature. The S represents the identification of the alarm limit that will be exceeded high or low. The D represents the direction represents in which the current measured value is moved relative to the last measured value. The new format also includes the current measured value, the engineering units of the measured value, the difference between the alarm limit and the current value, the quality Q, the low limit value and the high limit value. Λ / Γ represents the length of time by which? the measured value has exceeded the alarm limit (336 or 338). The S represents an indication that the low limit indicator or the high limit indicator switched on or off is.

When the alarm area 351 is filled with alarm information, represent. means that if the upper line LX is taken, then a group of the oldest alarm messages will be displayed at the lower end of the Alerm » as alarm information backlog in a system memory transmitted, and the alarm information on the lines above of the transferred lines are to be compressed downwards. This recruitment enables the introduction of the new Alarms in the lowest but unused line of the alarm area.

409822/1064

Referring again to FIGS. 11 and 12, it should be noted that the occurrence of a new alarm at point 340 of FIG. 11 can be represented in a new alarm format extending over sections 352, 354 and 356 of FIG. After the alarm information is recognized at point 340 by the operator, the same is reduced to the alarm format which n "r orstreckt over the portion 35 * RTEs alarm portion 351 'Venn However, the _G corpse measured system variable which |. In Fig. 11 graphically is shown, experiences a significant change in the measured fourth which exceeds the delta value of 10 ° F set for this point, as measured for example at 506 ° C and shown by the reference number 344, then the line of the alarm area 351, which the Represents alarm information for this measured system variable, enlarged to the new alarm format until the same is recognized, whereupon this second alarm information is reduced to the narrow format, y ·: ι

It can therefore be seen how the alarm area 351 is used to ^; promote two different alarm states, namely the new alarm or the wide format and the recognized alarm or the narrow format. The alarm information also remains in the same line position in the alarm area 351 as the original alarm information. formation for the same system variable up to the point in time at which the alarm area must be rearranged, for the inclusion of new alarm information for which there is no free line at the upper end of the alarm area. This enables the operator to write a position or line on the screen as! to recognize representative of new alarm information up to the point in time at which the alarm area must be reorganized. r

If a particular measured system is different, which is before, before | lim § was in alarm state, will return to normal state ^; the Sy & tem and the operator notified when they return to the normal len condition and alarm information is removed from the alarm range 351st In this case, however, the other lines are not shifted down to reveal the S removed information.

409822/1064

information line until the alarm area 351 is up to the top line is filled. The purpose of this process is rU-.rin, the alarm data as long as possible in the same line order to hold, as opposed to continuous' shifting the data on the screen, "./enn of course the alarm area 351 is filled up to the top line and the content of the alarm range is to be maximized, then a group of oldest alarm information removed from the alarm area 351 and placed as a residue in the system memory.

Figure 13 shows a generalized functional block diagram of the alarm system. The alarm data is grounded on lines 370 of FIG a control unit 37? which controls the introduction and removal of the alarm information on the CRT screen 350. The control unit 372 also controls the formatting and placement of the alarm information on each of the lines of the alarm area 351 according to the procedure described, as well as the removal the alarm information from the alarm area 351 as a backlog in a system memory 374. The alarm information backlog in System memory 374 is made available for display on visual information presentation device 376. the Alarm data in system memory 374 is available for presentation by device 376 upon request via an operator control panel 378 made available, which is connected to the control unit 372. The measured system variables contained in the alarm information residue of system memory 374 are updated in a manner similar to -./eise as the Dots on CRT screen 350. When a measured system variable is lagging behind its intended alarm information Delta value changes appreciably, the same becomes from the alarm information backlog removed and again in the new alarm format on the next line available for alarm information introduced into the alarm area 351.

If it is found that a point which is in the alarm state found has returned to the normal state, this item appears from the CRT screen 350 or from the alarm information backlog of system memory 374 removed. The return to the normal

409822/1064

The paint status is displayed on another area of the CRT key 350, which is different from the alarm area 35Ί.

The I, visual information presentation device 376 includes a display area 377 on its screen, which serves as input and verification for the control panels serves · The display area 377 comprises the four lower lines on the inside of the device 376, in order to present as a reminder what the ι man has worked, even when the opera has demanded

tors dariji

has changed. Device 376 provides the information which r.u.f that relates, especially lastly with the special

mm

.Blank of the In.Cornation has been carried out if it were used by humans. The device 376 enables the person to go back and see what he has done with a particular puncture, and then this last operation i ¹ or! modify the state. The in the display area ι, 377fj he testified. Reminder information is stored in a local storage device 379. Therefore, the display area 377 acts as ¹ a 'leader for the human inputs that were previously introduced into the system ^1, and simply allows the people who, fields filled in, to bring the information to do date, place again a new set of information relating to the same object.

If it is determined that a point which was located in the Alarmzu- ^{Λ Μ} has determined gewor- a bad or faulty point; jden is f, is the same from the CRT screen or from the Alarmin- | yyy removed and reported as a bad entry \ | ; j'zeigt "On the other hand, a point not be-f in alarm ftfunden has and it is found that the same is ^faulty: M jwird same designated as a bad entry and all loading" ■ £ • jjnützerprosrnmme which this.! ! use special Singabo be |..! notified the point is taken gave the overview of poor input ^ l ^ name and status of this point are temporarily displayed ^{aur an} area of the screen is reserved for worst-f the. System contains an accounting arrangement, which keeps a record of each of the points, which triggered a 3 alikrm and later went bad. This is from üützen, de | \ 'i ^[ ] '■.' ·· '■■''ΐ'ί

Ι] Γ 'A09822 / 1084''' ^Ιί ' ^: ' ■ '· "" ^ - ^ J

WS

the alarms may only be triggered and maintained by good or dubious system changers.

Ir. The usual system includes Aart measuring systems in which several input devices are connected. If one of the input devices is faulty then the output of the system will. significantly influenced by the error of the input device · In addition, there are sudden jumps in the output of the system when the input device changes its state from unacceptable to acceptable and vice versa. With this incorrect output, the system erroneously signals a corrective action, which leads to incorrect actions either by the operator or by an automatic control system.

The present invention provides a system which compensates and corrects for the failure of an input or input device that measures certain conditions. The system includes a method of switching a circuit for the characteristics of input measurements so that an input device can fail, be repaired and put back into use without to significantly influence the resulting output value of the system.

The present invention provides an "assumed value" which a mathematically definite number is which is the most probable Value of an important system measurement is representative. An assumed value is a special form of a compound Analog point and is a calculated value that allows the manipulation of one or more analog inputs and / or others Mutable may require. For a critical investment measurement are multiple (direct or inferential) binging devices established to provide independent measurements · Ib general conditionally the assumed value is a method in which the relationships between the various inputs in terms of their validity by combinations of the differences between Any two of their displays are compared · This method enables the mismatch of the input values to be analyzed and the matched value to be confirmed as one

409822/1064

^w ehten ^w value for the critical object to be measured · Ma's system is designed to mathematically compensate for the particular input device which is in error by a large amount and to designate it as bad. A lesser degree of error is called doubtful

Each of the three input devices has an appropriately compatible one Dynamics, such as time delays or reactions to measurements of the same order of magnitude. Each of the Device is designed to sense related conditions, such as pressure or flow. The arrangement described includes, for example, three devices for sensing pressure, or three devices for sensing flow, or three devices for scanning a liquid level. If the readings change in an input device, they do so in a similar way Way, while the readings in the other input devices should change when they are working properly, since the three inputs are related to each other. If the devices do not directly measure the same state, they will appropriately sized and aligned to produce compatible figures.

The adjustment of the accepted value is carried out by changing it the output of one of the input devices while the other two are held at respective levels. the Output of the input device which is changed extends covers the range of values that are likely to have been generated by the input device and contains values that represent the Would represent failure. At the same time, the output of the system is recorded over such areas as these values move so that the performance of the assumed value system can be evaluated. This system is being tuned by adjusting the non-linear factor NLF, which determines a band of reasonable change, and the non-linear one Force NLP, which controls the degree of evaluation to be given to each value as a function of its variance.

The adjustment of the filter circuit on a special rate

409822/1064

of input devices or transmitters for a particular process measurement requires the change in the values of a non-linear factor NLF and. a non-linear force NLP. The nonlinear factor NLF is a number derived from the likely mismatch between the readings of the input signals or devices since there is a statistical uncertainty of the known readings.The nonlinear force NLP is a function of the type of assumed value that is sought will. For example, as shown in FIG. 15A, curve 382 shows a particular curve of the assumed value for a nonlinear force NLP equal to four. The inputs 1 and 2 are kept constant at the values V1 and V2, respectively, while the value of the third input 3 _t, which is shown as V3, is changed in accordance with the curve which is denoted by 384. On the other hand, the curve of the assumed value denoted by 386 represents a non-linear force NLP which is equal to 1 and has a smaller slope than the relatively steep slope which characterizes the curve 382 of the assumed value. In this way the tuning process is used to derive the values of the non-linear force NLP and the non-linear factor NLF which provide the desirable characteristics or the shape of the assumed value. As will be explained in more detail below, the voting method also generates those values of the non-linear kitft NLP and the non-linear factor NLF which are used to calculate the assumed values for the real values of the input signals.

According to Flg. 15B, the three inputs V1, V2 and V3 on lines 388A, 388B and 388C are fed to a tuning circuit 390. This contains a device for setting the values of the factors NLF and NLP, which are received on lines 392 and 394 from a generator 395 for the tuning coefficient. The output of the tuning circuit 390 delivers an accepted value on the lines 392 *, which is fed to the repair-checking circuits 394 *. These in turn generate an assumed value on the line Z ") & and repair signals on the line 398 at the output.

409822/1064

235800 / ^^ ^ _ ^ _{gtsm enable}

^{The TestVer} f ^^ described above! _The system values are such a coordination that can be demonstrated _{with rea ^ ^ sees the system.} With correct Abs im, _mzie nten vor. be reasonable value range by means of this _Verssge n a dr assumed value generated; precautions for maintaining the Abstimmungsl ^^^ ^ If the input device ^FEH ^ _Mmene value) in a remains the output of the system (the _f at ^ _SETUP may ei.... ., velc ^ ^ _outS eblesiing input devices compensated so · _{au r} edrückt which Ar is the operator used to ble.bt rs «« - ^ ^^ taken value is an output from the r ^ ne .. y _{in one,} ". Number which is valid in the case of the presence of one of the input devices.

"" A " _g e_, value" ird i *.! Lg. "! -""r £££ %%? _A " ^ t generated for a tested condition or a character power plant, .Ie zu, Boisp 1.1 Dru £. S ^ ^ ^ ^ _ siskeitssplegel. The ^ dle ^ nde ^ «^ * _{darln> then} taken value and a norm ^ '^ l of _{the assumed} because of the tuning circuit and the ⁸ ^" _{y en} "ened value for the set of input devices a Ve g one of the input devices No, ^ * · ^, ^^ _{of 8n} . Operational failure of the system "^^" ^^^ "^ Llichen Vergenonraiene value is a number which does not have any j> ± elevations, the - £« input parts sudden wide outs ^; output of the ^{neutralization circuit for the test current circuit for testing the assumed value at} 8 "° ™ connected quality standards, whereby of those.« V

3S

409822 / 10CU

The greatest measurement for this one, 'says rlntellt. The bullfinch can For example, nm is most likely represented by the value "X" will. The assumed value is the number that the operator has to be accepted and dp should be used in the company.

It should be noted that the 'assumed'. all inputs must be identical no, and the system does not process all inputs at the same time. In the usual overbpctinnun;: r procedures, the identical lines are used as bistable antennas, in that the same crtvrcdor are in good or bad condition. A big blow on one of the lines will be completely ignored if the other two lines have the same values. The usual procedures are very intolerant of the non-internal internal dynamics of Signal on. In contrast to this, the ance value includes in this case three or more cases of single-cable devices, which produce an appropriately compatible dynamic. The different measurement methods combined with the three devices have time constants of the same order of magnitude, but also a tolerance for transitions or dynamics that do not match. In accordance with the accepted value system, the voting circuit also considers changes in the fourths of one of the input devices for each reading provided by the other input devices so that the accepted value remains within its calculated range, if any Input device becomes faulty.

The value procedure adopted therefore includes the steps of voting a filter circuit turned on to receive signals from the input devices. This vote is carried out by calculating output values for the tuning circuit as a function of various fourths of the input devices over an area in which an input device fluctuates between their maximum and minimum deflections, while the other two input devices on theirs expected values are maintained. Such a calculation involves assessing the effect of changes in the value of a person the input devices to the output of the filter circuit,

409822/1064

as well as calculating an assumed value that is the most probable The value of a system measurement and the output of the subscription circuit is representative. Such an assumed value! Represents a reliable value for those subject to measurement sweckrviOigon operating conditions, with a Fenler the output of the system in one of the input devices will not prevent outside the range of the assumed value. The! System also includes a trigger device as well as a Repair, maintenance and accounting arrangement.

16 shows the steps involved in determining the narrow "assumed" value. The first block of AOO Schrit- ■> is the grundlezenrle Bestimmunc the value assumed that. The second block 410 of the steps is the post-processing check which is required to calculate deviating inputs so that correct repair can be made. After: the preprocessing reduces the remaining / locations to 3 ha, they are processed through steps 400 and then through steps J'41O '. Within the block 400 of steps i, the first step 401 is to listen to the averages of each pair of the three values. These are called Average;, Average J2, and Average 3. Average 1 consists of the average of values 1 and 2. Average _# 2 consists of the average of values 1 and 3. Average 3 consists of the average of values 2 and 3. Sohritt 4q2 normalizes these averages by dividing each of them is divided by, pin nonlinear factor NLF * e-, which one; is the tuning coefficient described for this system. Step 403 determines the absolute value de? Differences between value 1 and 2, value 1 and 3 and Jert 2 and: 3, and divides each of these by the non-linear factor TILF.

Step 404 defines the calculation of the weighting factor WP, which is absolute for each average 401 and the corresponding normalized j? Difference 403, as well as being ^{calculated for the other 1} tuning factor, the non-linear force NLP. The denominator of. Equation in 404 is calculated by adding the absolute '''■.!; To 1. ■:> ν · ι ^■: i: u ^::;

ι til j,.; ¹ 1 '■' ■ ■ '■ ■ ■

ffi ΐ \ Α09822 / 1064

Vb

normalized difference adds 402 and nichtlinef.ren oEr force NLP potentiates v / ill, as well as by the ZSrgebnir is divided by average Con. 1 The numerator of the equation is 1. This equation 404 is repeated for each pair of the corresponding averages and differences.

The Gehritt 405 sums each 'average' with a rating factor is multiplied for the numerator and then divided by the sum of the Bevert.un ^ sfcktoren to get the p.ngenomr.> ene: <; To-generate value.

During postprocessing, block 4TC switches the / andler f.us, which require maintenance, and labels them as bad or doubtful. If the same no maintenance require, they are said to be good. This is done through step 411 for calculating the absolute difference between the 'Jert 1 and the assumed fourth determined previously at 405, between the "Jert 2 and the previously-determined assumed., crt as well as between the '.'crt. * and the predetermined assumed Y / ert. At step 412 v / ird - · average of the two smallest determined absolute differences and their associated ".terto v / earth referred to as jjut. The average of these two smallest Differences are compared to the nonlinear factor at 413 and which of these numbers is larger is selected. This larger number v / ird than the test factor T? designated. In Further checking is carried out to ensure that the test factor TF is not greater than five times the nonlinear one Pactor. Such a deviation shows a strong agreement in the input readings on and all are labeled as doubtful for a repair check. At the Step 414 becomes the largest or remaining of the absolute differences 411 checked to see if it is greater than Z times the test factor. «?. TF, where Z is an adjustable tuning coefficient is. If the absolute difference is greater than Z times the test factor, its associated value is given as badly labeled and intended for repair. At step 415 the greatest absolute difference is again compared to the Y times the test factor checked, where Y is an adjustable

409822/106 A

stinnnuncskoeffizien'c is. V / hen 44-e it is found that the Di ^ fe- |

renz ß ^r ° i? er ale Y times but less than Z times j

Test factor TF is v; it is referred to as doubtful tint! ^! also determined by T. '. \ r dio repair sets. V / hen the difforei: -

If both tests are ordered, the associated value in step MO is designated as good, "with which the process is ended.

The invention is not based on the old and described Examples of embodiments are given, which are different to me Can experience changes without the scope of the invention ~ u leaving.

η t η η s ρ r U c ho

inc /.

Claims (1)

, «" Entered by NOITaI. EBASCO SERVICES INCORPORATED E 46/1 PATENT CLAIMS Monitoring and control system for monitoring and controlling a A plurality of devices, which are arranged at different recording points of the system and generate at least one data log, each log being divided into at least one page and each page containing at least one line that can record at least one record which is a data bit to be recorded a) by means of receiving signals corresponding to each data bit to be recorded, b) by means for generating a format for the storage of representations of the signals, the format in Parts, each of which corresponds to one of the other of the pages, and by means for selecting at least a part of the format to display in the same store the signals corresponding to a given page, c) by a device for storing the representations of the Signals in accordance with the format, d) by means of generating a directory of the pages into which each log is subdivided, e) by means for selecting a predetermined log to be generated, f) by a device that determines from the directory the identity of at least one page which the previously determined log is subdivided, g) by a device for retrieving the stored 409822/1064 Representations which of the identified by the directory Page match, and h) by means for presenting the retrieved representations in the form of a page of the log. monitoring and control system for monitoring and controlling a A plurality of devices which are arranged on different recording parts of the system and which generate at least one data log which contains at least one line which has at least one value which represents a data bit which is to be recorded by receiving signals corresponding to the data bits to be recorded, the system comprising means for generating a format for storing representations of the signals, each part of the format corresponding to a different log, means for arranging at least part of the format to store in the same representations of the signals corresponding to a predetermined log correspond to a device for storing representations of the signals in the arranged part of the format, a device which requires that a predetermined log be generated a device for retrieving the representations, which are stored in a selected part of the format, the representations corresponding to the predetermined log to be generated and means for presenting the data of the retrieved representations in the form of a log, characterized in that the improvement consists of means for triggering the occurrence of the one of a plurality of different log states which include: a) a free undefined log-state that is a log-number having, b) a defined inactive log state, which has the names of related variables, c) an active log state that has names and accumulated values, and d) an output state in which an indicator of the log is generated. 409822/1064 ΡΉ- * C ^ f) ί?. \ ί, ■ ν U '■ Hf 3. Monitoring and control system for monitoring and controlling a A plurality of devices which are arranged at different recording locations of the system, the system generating data that are to be recorded, labeled p a) by a device which provides the system with analog and digital input data from monitoring devices, such as converters and thermocouples connected to different | i. nen reception points are arranged outside the computer system, f: b) by d a device for scanning the input data, | - · c) by a device for converting the scanned input data into a universal format with a name; system changeable which can be used by all system functions w, d) f conditions for the system in such a manner by a device for defining the Auslösungsbedin that certain 5 changes in time or certain changes in eij; of a variable in the format triggering a given cause logs in one of two active states, ί e) means for storing the log data of the format of the system variable in a log page field and f) by means for visually presenting the stored log data on a page-oriented device. 4. Monitoring and control system for monitoring and controlling a : A plurality of devices which are arranged at different receiving parts of the system, the system having a device for deriving the ordered sequence of / processes which are scanned by display devices connected to a protective circuit, these devices being characterized by a time delay between the scanning of a predetermined state and the actuation of their associated switch contacts, and wherein the system includes: a) a device for displaying the switching process of the relevant switching contacts, 409822/1064 b) means for storing the severity of the time delays associated with each of the display devices, these time delays being the known delay for one show special contact between its switching tent and the real tent of the occurrence of the process on the display device connected to it, and c) means for subtracting the stored tent delay values from the indicated times of actuation of the Switching contacts of the relevant devices to a corrected time of the occurrence of the process on the relevant To produce devices, whereby a corrected order of occurrences is derived which is the correct order of occurrence of the occurrences on the devices and, accordingly, the original cause of the process. 5. Monitoring and control system to monitor and control a A plurality of devices, which are arranged at different recording points in the system, are identified with a display device for outputting the alarm information, which is combined with a plurality of measurement points in the system through a screen on which the alarm information is displayed, through a first facility that has a wide format for the display of the new alarm information on a variety of lines on the screen, each of the lines being used to display the alarm information for individual alarm points in the system by a second device which assigns a reduced format for the display of the alarm information on a line after the new alarm information has been acknowledged by the operator, this acknowledgment serving to provide a To automatically change the alarm message from the wide format to the reduced format, 409822/1064 through an arrangement device ζυπ imports of the «oldest Alarm message in the lower end of the screen as well as the relatively newer alarm messages in line positions above the relatively older alarm message, by means of introducing the latest alarm notification on the line above the last alarm message »the one on the Screen is available, by a device which indicates when the upper Zeil ^ des The screen is filled with alarm information, and by a device responsive to the display device to compress the alarm information down to fill any unused lines on the screen, allowing the latest alarm information to be introduced in the first free line above the displayed alarm messages. monitoring and control system for monitoring and controlling a A plurality of devices, which are arranged on different receiving parts of the system, with a display device for outputting the alarm information, which with a A large number of measurement points are combined in the system, marked a) by a screen on which the alarm information is presented will, b) by a device for introducing alarm messages at certain places on the screen, c) by a control device for removing the alarm information from the screen, d) by a memory device responsive to the control device for storing the removed alarm information in the memory as alarm information backlog, the memory device being able to return the alarm information backlog to the screen, and e) through a visual information device which is connected to the storage device, in order to display a video presentation of the To effect alarm data stored in the storage device, resulting in a video display on the visual information device 409822/1064 reading of certain stored in the storage device Alarm data can be requested and managed, which indicates previous alarm information. 7. Monitoring and control system for monitoring and control, η one A large number of devices, which are arranged at different receiving points of the system »with a device for Compensating for an erroneous input signal from one of a variety of input sources or devices for a particular process measurement in the system through a tuning circuit for setting the values of non-linear coefficients that affect the input signals / where the tuning circuit takes the values derives non-linear coefficients that provide the desirable output characteristics for a particular condition measured by the input devices, and by a device united with the input devices for changing the values of one of the input signals while the other input signals are kept constant, the Modifying device responds to the tuning circuit so that the values of the non-linear coefficients are derived to obtain the desired output characteristics, deriving an output characteristic and non-linear tuning coefficients which compensate for the failure of any of the input devices so that those of the Devices generated output remains valid in the event of failure. 8. Method for generating at least one date-n-log in one Surveillance ur: d operational display system, each log being divided into at least one page and each page containing at least one cell containing at least one record which represents a data bit to be recorded 1st. the method comprising the steps of: a) that signals are received from monitoring devices, which correspond to each data b1t to be recorded, 409822/1064 "That a Fr-.t for the storage of representations of the Signa, * is generated, the format being divided into parts u ,, er et each of which of another of the pages ·» * ·. "'""· ¹ ^ ₁ *. at least a part of the format selected from m «* ·« »· _ to save representations of the signals which a given corresponding side, signa- c) that the representations of the .Si. U in accordance with de. Format to be saved «· d) that a list of the pages is created, ι « each log is divided. erieu- e) that a predetermined log is selected that 9en is. _{Irritation of} at least one side g / uras the saved which correspond to the side indicated by the is fected, and '- ^{Ί Ί} «-« inmi rhtunq the re- e des are presented. • _Since ten-logs, at least 9. Method of generating at least one _{picks up} . the one line .. «,« lt. «I.> - e - ^. _{and Opera represents} a data bit which, in _{any case,} of the obertion representation system · <"" «· '*" · "!;,". » to record the signals "" * "" * ^ _Jur storage of the data bits correspond to a format u P ^ Representations of the signals """^^;","at least a part of the formets correspond to another log, _{Dlpetelluns." Which is} arranged in the format. U.,. D.-j .. »b. D ^. ^. Signals to save which .ine ^ ⁰¹ ™ memory _{entries S} p ⁹ calculate that representations of the Signa ei '^ ^^ ",,. Positions the xorheroe to be generated. and that the data of the retrieved representations on an output display device in the form of a log, the improvement in the triggering of the Occurrence of one of a variety of different log states consists of: a) a free undefined 1og state that is a log number having, b) a defined inactive log state, which has the names of related variables, c) an active log state, the names and accumulated values air points, and d) an output state in which an indicator of the log is generated. 10. A method for recording log data in a surveillance and operation display system, characterized in that Analog and digetal input data are presented to the computer system by monitoring devices such as transducers and thermocouples located at various recording locations the computer system is arranged so that the input data are scanned by scanning devices, that the sampled input data is converted into a universal format of a named system variable that can be used by all system functions, that the triggering conditions for the system are defined in such a way that certain changes 1n over time or certain changes in a variable in the format triggering a given log into one or two active ones Cause states that the log data of the format of the system mutable in a log page field are stored in a storage facility, and that the stored log data is on a seldom oriented Output presentation device are presented visually. 11. Method of deriving the ordered sequence of events which are scanned by display devices, the 409822/106 * » are connected to a protection circuit in a surveillance and operation display system, these devices being characterized by a time delay between the Scanning a predetermined state and the actuation of its associated switching contacts, characterized in that, a) that the switching process of the relevant switching contacts is displayed, b) that the values of the time delays associated with each of the display devices are stored in a memory device, these time delays being the known Delay for a particular contact between its switching time and the actual time of occurrence of the process at the with the same connected display device, and c) that the stored time delay values are subtracted from the indicated times of actuation of the switching contacts of the relevant devices by a corrected time to generate the occurrence of the process on the relevant devices, whereby a corrected order of occurrences is derived which is the correct order of occurrence of the occurrences on the devices and accordingly indicates the original cause of the process, 12.A method for outputting Alarmsnitteilungen, soft with a plurality of measuring points are combined in a Öberwachungs- and operation display system, characterized gekennzeichr & that a wide format for the presentation of new alarm messages on a plurality of lines on the screen of a t is assigned to the CRT, wherein each of the lines is used to represent alarm messages for individual alarm points in the system, that a reduced format is assigned for the presentation of further alarm messages on a line after the new ones Alarm messages have been recognized by an operator, this recognition serves to automatically change an alarm message from the wide format to the reduced format, that the oldest alarm split in the bottom of the screen 409822/1064 is introduced and that the relatively newer alert messages in line positions above the relatively older alarm message to be introduced that the latest alarm message is on the line above the last alert message that is on the screen, and that it is indicated when the top line of the screen is filled with alarm information and that the alarm messages after condensed below to fill in any unused lines on the screen, introducing the latest alarm message in the first free line above that shown Alert notifications enabled. 13. method for generating an essentially accurate value, which represents a condition in a monitoring and operation display system and which is measured from a plurality of input sources of values, each of which is related to the condition responds, the method comprising the steps of: a) Receive signals from a variety of input sources where the signals represent values that respond to the state, b) that the value represented by each of the received signals is compared for any mismatches to determine between the values, c) that the values which have a lower non-conformity are evaluated relative to one another, this evaluation being carried out by tuning a filter circuit to derive the values of non-linear coefficients acting on the received signals, which the desired output characteristics of the filter circuit for a particular state measured by the input sources, and d) that after the evaluation a value is derived which is suitable for the Value of the state is most representative. 14.System according to claim 3, characterized in that the device to »· visual representation of the stored log data 409822/1064 on a page-oriented device consists of a printer. 15.System according to claim 14, characterized in that the printer provides a paged printout in which each of the logs is identified by a single number and the data printout for the identified log under a log heading is arranged. 16.System according to claim 15, characterized in that each of the logs consists of one or more pages of data generated by the printer, each of the pages having a plurality of system changers. 17.System nsch claim 3, characterized in that the device for the visual display of the stored log data on a rarely oriented device from a graphic display device exists to display trends of selectable log data on a screen. 18.System according to claim 17, characterized by an operator control panel to select the trend information that is to be displayed by the graphic display device, 19. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the device for the visual representation of the stored log data on a page-oriented device from a log page printer consists in which each page imprint is a given contains log content in a full page information, where several information points for a given log-time are arranged on a line, so that a given log-content is on a full information page is provided. 20.System according to claim 3, characterized in that the device for converting the scanned input data into a universal format of a system variable provided with a name consists of a storage device which supplies data provided with a name, a calculation device which supplies quality data and variable data , as well 409822/1064 from a switching device which supplies time data so that the format of the named SysteraverSnderlichen formed by the name, variable, quality, and time that define a given log. 21. System according to claim 3, characterized by a device which assigns a specific, named system variable to a special log column on a log page. 22. System according to claim 3, characterized by a device soft a system mutable with an M name removed from a specific column in the log page. 23.System according to claim 3, characterized by a device which activates any selected log on demand. 24.System according to claim 4, characterized in that the subtraction device contains a logical device which draws up a list of the indicators in the order of the occurrence of their respective correct readings which indicate the real times that the display devices were subjected to the process. 25.System according to claim 4, characterized in that the subtraction device contains a logic circuit for deriving the identity of the display device, which first the Operation was subjected. ! 6. display device according to claim 5, characterized by control means for removing the alarm information from the screen and through storage means responsive to the control means for storing the removed alarm information in the memory as residual alarm information. ! 7. display device according to claim 26, characterized in that the control device contains a device which the alarm information residue from the storage device returns the screen. 409822/1064 28. Display device according to claim 26, characterized through a visual information device, many © with the Storage device connected 1st «ura one video display of the 1 to effect Alerad & th stored in the storage device · 29. Display device according to claim 28, characterized by an operator switchboard connected to the controller for requesting a video reading of certain alarm data stored in the memory device on the visual information device. 30. Display device according to claim 28, characterized in that it is marked * net that the visual information device contains a display area which presents a reminder of which alarm information the operator has previously used so that the operator can see the previous information and the operations can do so that he can modify his current operations. 31. Display device according to claim 28, characterized by one connected to the visual information device local memory for storing the information previously presented by the visual information device. 32.System according to claim 6, characterized a) by a device which an alarm limit value of a assigns measured system variables at a given point in the system, b) by a device, which this point for the measured System changeable samples even after such an alarm value is displayed, and c) by a logical device for calculating and applying a second value which, in the measured system variability, results in a significant change (a delta value) from the represents the last alarm value » so that the visual information device the information of the A09822 / 1Ö64 System mutable presents which with each of these new Alarm values are present. 33. System according to claim 32, characterized by one with the memory means connected to logic means for storing the setting of a fixed appreciable change (a delta value) associated with the measured system variable of a point so that the second alarm and any subsequent new alarms usually are suspended if the measured system variable deviates from the last alarm value by this fixed amount. 34. System according to claim 33, characterized in that the logical device is connected to the storage device Contains means that changes the delta value for a given point by selecting a multiplier based on the set delta tends to act to produce a different delta value which then becomes the current value represents the significant change in the measured system variable, this running delta value being the next Requires alerting of the value of the measured system variable. 35. System according to claim 7, characterized by a repair checking circuit which is connected to the output of the tuning circuit in order to process the output characteristics and which in turn generates repair output signals for the input devices, soft ? ls are displayed incorrectly. 36. The method according to claim O, characterized in that the The step of receiving the signals comprises sampling the outputs of a plurality of sources of the signals corresponding to the data uits to be recorded and controlling the frequency of sampling the outputs of each of the plurality from sources. 37.Verfahren according to claim 8, characterized by the conversion of the received signals in representations of the same in harmony 409822/106 ^ Mood with a universal format that is essentially for all functions that relate to the procedure can be used. 38.A method according to claim 10 or 37, characterized in that that the step of converting the received signals into representations of the same / in accordance with a universal Format includes the introduction of the name identification of the variable of the data bit to be recorded and the generation of the value of the variable of the data bit to be recorded. 39.Verfahren according to claim 10 or 37, characterized in that de; The step of converting the received signals into representations of the same in accordance with a universal format, in addition to introducing the quality of those to be recorded Data includes. 40.Verfahren according to claim 10 or 37, characterized in that the step of converting the received signals into representations of the same in accordance with a universal format includes indicating the time at which the signals to be recorded Data are obtained. 41.Verfahren according to claim 9, characterized in that the Change of a state of a log according to a predetermined triggering condition comprises a triggering condition which is a certain change in time or a there is a certain change in the mutable in the format. 42.Verfahren according to claim 8, characterized in that the Retrieval of the stored representations which correspond to an identified page, initiated by an instruction we <i, which comprises responding to a predetermined condition and a manual direction. 409822/1064 The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the Step of retrieving the stored representations, which correspond to an identified side, includes the bodice on each side in a predetermined order, which is determined by the format. H ^ '"" «refuses to convert the scanned input data into an unsafe format a named system changer 1n ZJZlu t ^Def1nierun 9 ^a ^ name identification of the system includes. _{as well as the Hertes} , “syste.veranderli. , " "" _To di stand J '"° ^{d <Sr} W« .f Γ..11.,, " _8e ätzlich ^{d Ve and} « "giving state of ;:;:;: · ^H : ^{nen and times a} of a log. Z «t.nd in _a ^ si d stores _Ιββ . or ^akt1ve " ^u " ^d storing · »· '« ·' correct index position chert that a format "on"'"'"'"^' ° ⁹ " ^5e1tenfeld 9®spe1-format is similar to you * " _n *" ^ ^{We <! sti} what a log-Se1ten- '• t. that is used by an output printer. 409822 / 106A 49. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the stored log data visually through a device in one log page format, which is a variety of Has columns that are united with the receiving sites and un <in the headline, outside too. are given at the top of the log page, with a list in the first column on the left M. the side extends downwards, which has a common verander Hche in the log page for "He Aufn.hmestellen auf de" concerned fenden cells defined, which differ from the common., »» e , ichen extend to the right, where each of the columns «.1. ·«. ' number of lines which U. <. of the relevant column. down the page to those with these columns present unified information. 50. The method according to claim 49, characterized in that the heading for the output format is a list of each of the SP · '""·'"e _N , human identification of the with each. of the columns ·· * · »« · - “en recording locations and a description of each of the recording locations. 51. The method according to Anbruch 49. characterized in that a given log page data for a single log along with the Contains the page number of the log. 52. The method according to claim 51, characterized. dMi »a plurality of the ' ⁰ ^''"" ¹ "' connected to a single log are arranged in a strip in a row, so that a first page contains a first number of the defined columns in the log second page a second number of the defined columns 1. the log and so on. 53.Verf.hren according to claim 11. ^ denotes by the ^^ a list of display devices in the order of A ftr least of your relevant corrected readings, which the effective c en Iten to which the display device «, de» Operation, the list being a corrected MI indicating the sequence of operations of the display devices. A09822 / 1064 54. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the Step of receiving signals from a variety of sources! responsive to the condition comprises receiving signals representing at least three values that are responsive to the Address conditions. 55. "The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the The step of receiving signals from a plurality of sources responsive to the conditions, receiving at least one comprises two signals representing values responsive to / to the conditions, and the receipt of a signal representing a reference value corresponding to the value being applied refers to the normal state of the condition. 56.Verfahren according to claim 13, characterized in that the The step of receiving signals from a plurality of sources responsive to the conditions includes receiving a reference signal corresponding to a value relative to the expected value of the condition essentially in a range of » direction shifted 1st, as well as the receipt of a different value which is relative to the expected value in the opposite Direction is offset to provide multiple values when multiple values responsive to the condition are not available. 57.Verfahren according to claim 13, characterized in that the The step of comparing the values represented by each of the received signals to identify any mismatches between the values; the determination the difference at least between certain values, as well as that the step of evaluating the values, which among each other have a lesser mismatch, which includes taking a sum of the differences in the values. 58.Verfahren according to claim 13, characterized in that the Step of comparing the values represented by each of the received signals to identify any mismatches Establish moods between the values, determining the 409822/1064 Difference at least between certain values includes, as well as that the step of evaluating the values, which among each other exhibit a lesser mismatch, which includes averaging the differences in the values. 59.Verfahren according to claim 13, characterized in that the Step of inferring, after scoring, a value which is most representative of the value of the condition that is Generation of an output value, which is made up of the dsm Comparison and the evaluation results in values, the initial value being statistically approximated to the value, which represents the real state of the condition 60.Verfahren according to claim 12, characterized in that a) an alarm limit of a measured system change is assigned at a given point in the system, b) that this point is sampled for the measured system variable even after such an alarm value is displayed is, c) that a second alarm value is calculated and applied, which represents an appreciable change (a delta value) in the measured system variable from the last alarm value, and d) that on the screen the information of the system changers shows which is present for each of these new alarm values. 61. The method according to claim 60, characterized by the setting of a fixed significant change (a delta value) which is connected to the measured system variable of a point, so that the second alarm and any subsequent new alarms are usually suspended if the measured system variable deviates from the last alarm value by this set amount, 62.Verfahren according to claim 61, characterized in that the Delta value for a given point by selecting a multi- 409822/1064 The pHcator is changed to the fixed Oe 15a value takes effect »in order to generate a different delta value, which then represents the current value of the significant change in the measured system variable, whereby this current delta value requires the next alarm of the value of the measured system variable. 409822/1064